Defining a healthy microbiome

Transcription

1 F Backhed, et al. Cell Host & Microbes 2012;12: ILSI- NA Workshop Dec. 6, 2011 Defining a healthy microbiome ILSI North America Winter Meeting Monday January 19, 2015 Chandler, AZ Philip M. Sherman, MD, FRCPC Professor of Paediatrics, Microbiology, and Dentistry Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Scientific Director, CIHR Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism &Diabetes Canada Research Chair in Gastrointestinal Disease

2 * Products or services produced by this company are relevant to my presentation. Disclosures I have the following financial relationships to disclose: *Lallemand Human Nutrition (research contract) *Abbott Nutrition (honorarium) Jamieson Laboratories (honorarium) *Mead Johnson Nutrition (honorarium) *Nestlé Nutrition (honorarium) *Procter & Gamble (honorarium) Antibe Therapeutics (stockholder)

3 Development of the gut microbiota Fetal inteslne: sterile IniLal colonizalon determined by: - Delivery mode (caesarian seclon vs. vaginal) - Diet (breast feeding vs. formula feedings) - Hygiene (exposure to pathogens) - MedicaLon (anlbiolcs) Temporal changes over the first years of life S Rautava, et al. Nat Rev Gastroenterol 2012;9: M- E Sanders, et al. Gut 2013;62:

4 Gut diversity in 15 vaginally delivered and 9 caesarian seclon infants HE Jakobsson, TR Abrahamsson, et al. Gut 2014;63:

5 Changing gut microbiota diversity (330 Danish infants, 9-36 mos old) A. Bergstrom et al. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014;80:

6 AnLbioLc use in preterm infants C. Greenwood et al. J Pediatr 2014;165:23-29

7 Nature s First Functional Food A Petherik. Nature 2010;468:S5- S7 S Musilova, et al. Beneficial Microbes 2014;5: TR Abrahamsson & PM Sherman. J Infect Dis 2014;209: T. Gura. Science 2014;345(Aug 15):

8 Diet, bacterial metabolites, immune funclon AN Thornburn et al. Immunity 2014;40:833-42

9 Gut epithelial barrier integrity impacted by diet K. Johnson- Henry et al. J Nutr 2014;144:

10 D Gevers et al. Cell Host Microbe 2014;15:

11 ife style factors, gut microbiota, and later life health L Hyland, et al. Proc Nutr Soc 2014;doi: /S

12 Gut microbiota of elite athletes (black) vs. low BMI (red) and high BMI (green) controls Clarke SF et al. Gut 2014;63:

13 Microbial composilon of IBS vs. controls Adults: M. Rajlic- Stojanovic et al. Gastroenterology 2011;141: Children: D. Saulnier et al. Gastroenterology 2011;141: Colicky Infants: C deweerth, et al. Pediatrics 2013;131:e550- e558

14 How does one increase diversity? B. Olle. Nat Biotechnol 2013;31: Precision microbiome reconstitution : C. Buffie et al. Nature 2015;517:

15 Infant colic trials with L reuteri DSM Double-blinded placebo controlled, except Savino et al 2007 Exclusive breast milk, except Sung et al 2014 Different gut microbiota: Italy, Poland, Australia V Sung et al. BMJ 2014;348:g2107 Toronto Study: K Chau et al. J Pediatr 2015;166:74-78

16 ProbioLcs vs. placebo in adult IBS: P. Moayyedi et al. Gut 2010;59:

17 Subject global assessment IBS symptoms aeer 4 wks: PJ Whorwell et al. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:

18 * From: Can Assoc Gastroenterol (P&G Sponsored) CME Slide- deck

19 Take home messages in 2015? Gut microbiota is increasingly recognized to play a role in promoting health. Intestinal dysbiosis appears to play a role in a variety of disease states. Prebiotics & probiotics: comparative efficacy and relative safety profiles are needed. should advocate for further research to define which strains and dose of probiotics should be used in specific conditions. Can Pediatr Soc Posi/on Statement on Probio/cs - Dec 3, 2012

20 CIHR virtual insltutes

21 CIHR Canadian Microbiome IniLaLve (CMI) Creation of the CMI in 2007 Workshop with Genome Canada, June 2008 Strategic Funding Catalyst Grants (1.2 M for 12 NPI s) Emerging Team Grants (15.5M for 7 NPI s) Roadmap Signature Initiatives Networking/outreach activities Workshop for Teams International connections Journalism workshop (Nat Med) Café scientifique for public dissemination Workshop discovery to applications

22 CIHR funding of microbiome research Catalyst Grants Emerging Team Grants

23 Emerging Team Grants: Canadian Microbiome IniLaLve Principal Investigator Institution Title Michael G SURETTE Deborah M MONEY McMaster Univ Univ British Columbia Respiratory tract microbiome dynamics and the interplay of commensal bacteria with resident pathogens Vaginal microbiome project Anita L KOZYRSKYJ Univ Alberta Synergy in microbiota research (infant and children) David S GUTTMAN Barton B FINLAY W Ford DOOLITTLE Kenneth CROITORU Univ Toronto Univ British Columbia Dalhousie Univ Univ Toronto Assessing the breadth and depth of cystic fibrosis-associated polymicrobial respiratory tract infections Impact of the microbiota on immune development and disease Modeling and mapping microbial diversity and function with marker genes, genomes and metagenomes Influences of Host Genome on the Human Gut Microbiome: Healthy Cohort Carrying Crohn's Disease Risk Alleles - Crohns & Colitis Canada /Helmsley Foundation GEM Project)

24 Joint Programming IniLaLve: A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life (JPI- HDHL) 25 member states and associated countries of the European Union Strategic research agenda developed in 3 areas: 1. Determinants of Diet and Physical Ac/vity 2. Diet and Food Produc/on 3. Diet- Related Chronic Diseases Joint Ac/on: Biomarkers in NutriLon and Health - aimed at valida/on of biomarkers and the inves/ga/on of intake/exposure and nutri/onal status of biomarkers in the area of nutri/on and health Funded: FOODBALL consor/um, which includes 20 research organiza/ons from 9 EU countries, Canada, and New Zealand Future Priority Topic: IntesLnal Microbiomics For more information:

25 Would you like a copy of the pdf?: philip.sherman@sickkids.ca

26 QuesLons, Comments, Feedback Thank you for your aienlon!