Clinical Scoring System: A Valuable Tool for Decision Making in cases of Acute Appendicitis
|
|
- Catherine Webb
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Clinical Scoring System: A Valuable Tool for Decision Making in cases of Acute Appendicitis Pages with reference to book, From 254 To 259 Ambreen Jawaid,Ansul Asad,Arashk Motiei,Asma Munir,Erum Bhutto,Haroon Choudry,Kamran Idrees,Meher Rahman,Mona Ahuja,Qurrat-ul-ain Nawab,Raheel Ahmed,Sadia Ali,Saima Aslam,Saleha Abbasi,Sharmeen Feerasta,Sonia Alam,Uzma Ahmed ( Final Year Medical Students, The Aga Khan University, Karachi. ) Imtiaz Jehan ( Senjor Instructor, Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi. ) Abstract Objective: Decision making in cases of acute appendicitis poses a clinical challenge specially in developing countries where advanced radiological investigations do not appear cost effective and so clinical parameters remain the mainstay of diagnosis. The aim of our study was to devise a scoring system from our local database and test its accuracy in the preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Methods: Clinical data from 401 patients having undergone appendectomy were collected to identify predictive factors that distinguished those with appendicitis from those who had a negative appendectomy. Ten such factors were identified and using Bayesian probability a weight was assigned to each and the results summated to get an overall score. A cut-off point was identified to separate patients for surgery and those for observation. The scoring system was then retrospectively applied to a second population of 99 patients in order to compare suggested actions ( derived from the scoring system ) to those actually taken by surgeons. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the level of decision was then calculated. Results: Of the 99 patients, the method suggested immediate surgery for 65 patients, 63 of whom had acute appendicitis (3.1% diagnostic error rate). Of the 33 patients in whom the score suggested active observation, 18 had appendicitis. The accuracy of our scoring system was 82%. The method had a sensitivity of 78%, specificity 89% and a positive predictive value of 97%. The negative appendectomy rate determined by our study was 7% and the perforation rate 13%. Conclusion: Scoring system developed from a local database can work effectively in routine practice as an adjunct to surgical decision making in questionable cases of appendicitis (JPMA 49:254, 1999). Introduction Acute appendicitis is the most common cause leading to emergency abdominal surgery, accounting for 10-30% of acute abdominal conditions according to two studies from Pakistan 1,2. Although improvements in preoperative diagnosis have been made with the use of imaging techniques, the diagnosis still remains a challenge in developing countries where such technology is not freely available. Diagnostic difficulties occur when patients present with atypical findings resulting in negative appendectomies. A negative appendectomy is taken as a surgery performed for a preoperative diagnosis of appendicitis that results in a normal histopathological specimen. Rates of negative appendectomies range between 8-35% with increased rates (up to 45%) seen in women in the reproductive age group 3. The negative appendectomy rate reported by Rehman et al from Abbotabad, Pakistan is 18% 2. In the 1950s a 20-25% negative appendectomy rate was proposed as acceptable in order to minimize the incidence of perforated appendicitis and resulting high morbidity and mortality 4. This implies that the rate of perforation is related to a delay in diagnosis and/or treatment, and that by accepting a higher negative appendectomy rate one can, in effect, buy a lower perforation rate 5. However, recent studies
2 propose that the rate of perforation is due to a delay in patient presentation, rather than a delay in treatment 6 suggesting that the incidence of negative appendectomies can be lowered without compromising the perforation rate. Negative appendectomy rates remained relatively stable over the last 70 years. However, with the introduction of CT scanning in developed countries in the last five years the rate of negative appendectomies has decreased from 16% to 4% in the general population and from 25-45% to 8% in female patients of childbearing age 7. Furthermore t e striking decrease in the negative appendectomy rate has been achieved without an increase in the perforation rate or mortality. The perforation rate in one series was 21% 7 after the introduction of CT scanning compared to % in previously reported surgical surveys The sensitivity of CT scan in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is reported to be 97% with a specificity of 97% 7. In a third world country like Pakistan, availability and economic constraints limit the routine use of CT scan in patients with suspected appendicitis. In our setting acute appendicitis is diagnosed on the basis of clinical parameters. Different techniques have been devised to assist in equivocal cases in attempts to decrease negative appendectomy rates. Diagnostic scores are one such technique. These scores make use of history, physical examination and laboratory findings. Presently six scores have been proposed to aid the diagnosis of acute appendicitis Although all authors have reported excellent predictive accuracy in their series, few have confirmed the reliability in subsequent studies The Alvarado score described in 1986 has subsequently been validated in adult surgical practice 14. Its use in a prospective study of 215 adults and children decreased an unusually high negative appendectomy rate of 44% to 14% 15. Ramirez et al created a new scoring system and tested its accuracy on a local database. The scoring system showed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 81%. Their results confirm those of other authors 13 and suggest that scoring system developed from a local database can become the ideal complimentary method in the diagnosis of suspected acute appendicitis. Scoring systems have not been used routinely in clinical practice in the Western world due to easy availability of CT scans and because of their high predictive accuracy only in the population on which they are devised. The aim of our study was to devise a scoring system based on our own local setting and to test its accuracy in the preoperative diagnosis of appendicitis. Material and Methods This study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi. For the development of an eventual scoring system, hospital records of patients admitted to the general surgery service were retrospectively reviewed. These comprised of patients aged 1 5 years and older who had undergone appendectomy in the time period between October 1995 to April In total 144 records were looked at and after exclusion of patients with Diabetes Mellitus, malignancy, immunosuppression, lower abdominal pathology/surgery and of records with more than 10% missing data, 401 complete records were finally obtained. Clinical data of these patients was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire, which extracted information on demographics, clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory and radiological investigations. This approach was used to identify parameters that distinguished patients who had a negative appendectomy from those with appendicitis. The potential predictive factors looked at froni the patients records are listed in Table 1. All analysis was done using Epi Info 6 statistical package. The significance of each of these factors was calculated using chi-square analysis. Those factors with pvalue <0.05 were taken as significant and used for making the scoring system. These were: sex (male), location of initial pain (epigastric), migration of pain to the right lower quadrant, anorexia, vomiting, fever, guarding, rebound tenderness, leukocytosis and neutrophilia. Using Bayesian probability the negative and positive weightage for each
3 factor was calculated using the following formulae 11 : Positive weight = 10 x ln Negative weight = 10 x In ) / specificity ] When a factor was present a positive weight was given and when it was absent a negative weight was assigned. The weights were rounded off to the nearest integer, applied to the 401 files and summated in order to get the range of most negative score (for positive appendectomy) and most positive score (for negative appendectomy). This turned out to be -83 to +8. This range was then arbitrarily divided into cutoffs taken at increments of 15 i.e., -83, -68, -53,-38,-23,-8,+8. For each cutoff score the sensitivity and specificity was generated using these values. A score with a high specificity and comparable sensitivity was taken as our final cut-off. The scoring system was then applied to a second population of patients in order to compare suggested actions (derived from the scoring system) to those actually taken by the surgeons. This second population comprised of patients, 15 years and older who presented to the AKUH emergency room with suspected appendicitis in the time period of May 1998 to May One hundred and twenty six records were obtained and after eliminating patients with Diabetes Mellitus, malignancy, imm unosuppression, lower abdominal pathology/surgery and also those records with more than 10% data missing, a final number of 99 records was used. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the level of decision were then calculated. Results Of the 401 patients studied retrospectively, 270 (67%) were male and 131(32%) female. The mean age at presentation was 27 years (15 to 75 years). Of these, 351 (87%) had histologically proven acute appendicitis and 50 (13%) had a normal appendix, resulting in a negative appendectomy rate of 13%. When all 19 potential predictive factors were compared, only 10 were found to occur significantly more often in either of these two groups (Table 1).
4 The positive and negative weights attributed to each significant predictor are listed in Table 2.
5 The highest positive predictor was anorexia and the highest negative predictor was initial pain in the epigastric region. The diagnostic score in the whole group had a range -100 to +64. However, the range in patients with proven appendicitis was -83 to +64 and in those with a non-inflamed appendix -100 to +8. Different cut off levels were analyzed for determining an appropriate level for decision-making (Table 3),
6 that ranged from a point with maximal sensitivity (Point A) to one with maximal specificity (Point G) (Figure). For purposes of our analysis, point F was used as a cut-off (Figure).
7 This had a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 96%. Based on these values, patients with a score greater than -8 were recommended immediate surgery, those with a score less than -83 could be discharged and those with a score between these values could be observed (Table 3). Of the 99 patients in the second cohort, 99 (93%) were correctly diagnosed by clinicians, with a negative appendectomy rate of 7%. After applying the scoring system to this second cohort, 65 patients were eligible for immediate surgery, 63 of whom had acute appendicitis (3.1% diagnostic error). There were no patients in the discharge group because no one had a score less than -83. Of 33 patients in whom the score suggested active observation, 18 had appendicitis. The accuracy of our scoring system for acute appendicitis was 82%, with a significant difference between men (90%) and women (69%) (Table 4). Thus out scoring system had a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 89% when applied to this second cohort. The perforation rate from our study was 13%. Discussion Appendicitis manifests as a clinical constellation of symptoms. The correct and early diagnosis of appendicitis remains difficult despite the advanced investigations available. In developed countries, the introduction of appendiceal CT appears to have tackled this problem but in developing countries where clinical parameters remain the mainstay of diagnosis, the problem remains 3-7. We believe that the initial assessment of a patient with suspected appendicitis can be improved by the use of a clinical
8 scoring system. It has been seen that structured preoperative data collection forms can increase the clinical diagnostic accuracy for acute appendicitis 16 as they allow for a more consistent and definitive clinical assessment. There is growing realization that significant morbidity is associated with negative appendectomies. The 12.5% negative appendectomy rate in our centre is comparably lower than the 20-40% rates from western institutions from the pre-ct era 14, It should be noted that rates as low as 9% negative appendectomies have been recorded when the paediatric population was excluded 18 as is also the case in our study. Children generally tend to have a higher negative appendectomy rate 20. Clinical diagnosis is most reliable in young male patients in whom the rate of negative appendectomy is 10% to 15%. Females of childbearing age have the highest negative appendectomy rates at 35% to 45% because of the clinical overlap between symptoms of appendicitis and gynecological disease. The preoperative application of the score in our study population showed a negative appendectomy rate of 2% in males and 5% in females. These results again reinforce the finding of higher incidence of negative appendectomy in females. However, because the sample size required in calculating this was small these results may not be representative. Previously it was thought that a given rate of negative appendectomy was acceptable so as not to miss a perforated appendix. More recent literature looking at both negative appendectomy and perforation rates Found them to be independent outcomes and not inversely related 18,21. The level of decision of our scoring system for the cut off value of -8 has a sensitivity of 7 1 % and specificity of 96%. A higher specificity was chosen in order to decrease the number of false positives and thus the negative appendectomies. This would lead to a higher false negative rate (22%) and thus put more patients in the observation group rather than sending them directly for surgery. This practice will not adversely affect the patient, as frequent in-hospital re-evaluation will dictate subsequent management. Similar studies done earlier have also chosen a higher specificity for their level of decision for example, 87% in a study done by Ramirez et al 11. When our scoring system was validated on the second cohort, the test sensitivity was calculated at 77% and specificity at 89%. These results are comparable to the Fenyo scoring system which had a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 87% 22 and superior to the Alvarado scoring system which had a sensitivity of 48% and specificity of 87% 23. The existing clinical scores appear to have varied results depending on the population on which they are applied 13,23,24. Relatively high sensitivity and specificity is recorded when the scoring system is validated on the indigenous population but has poor predictive value when used in other settings 25. Ohmann et al 25 applied ten different preexisting clinical scoring systems on a local prospective database and found them to have poor predictive value 25. In contrast when Ramirez et al, created a new scoring system and tested its accuracy on the same local database, they found a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 81%. These results confirm those of other authors 22 and suggest that scoring systems developed from a local database can become the ideal complementary method in the diagnosis of suspected acute appendicitis. With a positive predictive value of 97% our scoring system has use as a diagnostic tool for clinicians especially when deciding which patients need further investigations thus leading to better allocation of resources. This applies to patients with equivocal scores in whom, further investigations like ultrasound or CT scan can improve the diagnostic accuracy. Such a scoring system can also help improve data recording if a standardized questionnaire, based on the scoring system, is made part of the initial evaluation. The role of a structured registration form has been emphasized by other authors 21. The implementation of structured data forms is simple and cost effective. Also in larger surgical units where junior staff with varying clinical experience assess patients with suspected acute appendicitis, the use of such a data form may provide a more systematic approach
9 to patient management. Thus in establishing a score based on predictive factors from our own population, we have developed a tool which besides being comparable to existing scoring systems, has shown to significantly reduce the existing negative appendectomy rate from 7 to 2 out of 99. It could, therefore, prove valuable in terms of decreasing unnecessary costs of surgery. This latter aspect merits further research. The limitations of this study mostly stem from its retrospective methodology. In the first part of the study, when data was collected for devising the score, missing data in files may have biased the final variables. Additionally when incomplete files were eliminated from the final analysis it was assumed that these files were a random selection from the study population. A bias would arise if these eliminated files had incomplete data due to the fact that those patients were more seriously ill and thus there was less time for detailed recording. Further validation of the score may therefore be needed in a prospective manner. References 1. Khwaja RA, Rasool I, Nadeem IA. Perforated appendicitis versus non-perforated appendicitis. J. Pak. Med. Assoc., 1987;37: Rehman JS, Auranzeh, Hussain M. Review of acute appendicitis at Civil Hospital Abbottabad J. Pak. Med. Assoc., 1985:35: Rao PM, Rhea ii, Novelline RA, et al. Effect of computed tomography of the appendix on treatment of patients and use of hospital resources. NEJM 1998;338: Cantrell JR. The diminishing mortality from appendicitis. Ann. Surg., 1995;141 : Silberman BA. Appendectomy in a large metropolitan hospital:a retrospective analysis of 103 eases. Am, J. Surg., 1981:142: Temple CL. The natural history of appendicitis in adults: a prospective study. Ann. Surg., 1995;221: Balthazar EJ, Rofsky NM, Zucker R. Appendicitis: the impact of computed tomography and imaging on negative appendectomy and perforation rates. AJG, 1998:93: Berry J ir, Malt R. Appendicitis near its centenary. Ann. Surg., 1984:200: Velnonch. Balancing the normal appendectomy rate with perforated appendicitis rate: Implication for quality assurance. Ann. Surg., 1992:58: Wets SW, Naylor D. Diagnostic accuracy and short tenn surgical outcomes in cases of suspected acute appendicitis. J. Can. Med. Asso., I 995:152: Ramirez JM, Deus J. Practical score to aid decision making in doubtful cases of appendicitis. Br. J. Surg., 1994:81 : Alvarado A. A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Ann. Emerg. Med., 1986;15: Fenyo 0. Routine use of a scoring system for decision making in suspected acute appendicitis in adults. Acta. Chir. Scand., 1987:1 53: Kalan M, Talbot D, Cunliffe Wi, clap. Evaluation of the modified Alvarado score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a prospective study Ann. R. CoIl. Surg. Eng., 1994;76:4l Owen TD, William H, Stiff 0, et al. Evaluation of the Alvarado score in acute appendicitis. J. R. Soc. Med., 1992:85: Komer H, Sondenaa JA, Soreido JA, et al. Structured data collection improves the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Br. J. Sug., 1998:85: Calder JDF, Gajraj H. Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis. Br. J. Hosp. Med., 1995;54: Colson M, Skinner KA, Dunnington 0. High negative appendectomy rates are no longer acceptable.
10 Am. J. Surg., 1997:174: Rao PM, Rhea JT, Rattner DW, et al. Introduction of appendiceal CT: impact on negative appendectomy and appendiceal perforation rates. Ann. Surg., 1999:229: Hale DA, Molloy M, Pearl RH, et al. Appendectomy: a contemporary appraisal. Ann. Surg., 1997;225: Hale DA, Jacques DP, Molloy M, et al. Appendectomy : improving care through quality improvement. Arch. Surg., 1997:132: Fenyo 0, Lindbcrg 0, Blind P, et al. Diagnostic decision support in suspected appendicitis : validation of a simplified scoring system. Eur. i. Surg., 1997:163: Gallego MG, Fadrique B, Nieto MA, et al, Evaluation of ultrasonography and clinical diagnostic scoring in suspected appendicitis. Br. J. Surg., 1998;85: Malik AA, Wanie NA. Continuing diagnostic challenge of acute appendicitis. evaluation through modified Alvarado score. Aust. NZ. J. Surg., 1998:68: Ohmann C, Yang Q, Franke C. Diagnostic scores for acute appendicitis. Abdominal Pain Study Group. Eur. J. Surg., 1995:161:
Alvarado vs Lintula Scoring Systems in Acute Appendicitis
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Alvarado vs Lintula Scoring Systems in Acute Appendicitis Daniel Ojuka, Mike Sangoro School of Medicine, University of Nairobi Correspondence to: Dr. Daniel Ojuka, P.O. Box 19762 00202,
More informationEvaluation of accuracy of four clinical scores and comparison with ultrasonography for diagnosis of acute appendicitis
International Surgery Journal Subramaniyan P et al. Int Surg J. 2017 Jun;4(6):1940-1944 http://www.ijsurgery.com pissn 2349-3305 eissn 2349-2902 Original Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20172108
More informationALVARADO SCORE IN DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS
ALVARADO SCORE IN DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS *Md. Zikrullah Tamanna 1, Uzma Eram 2, Abdul Muthalib Hussain 3, ShafkatUllahKhateeb 4 and Badurudeen Mahmood Buhary 5 1 Emergency Department, King Fahad
More informationComparative Analysis of Alvarado and Teicher Scores in the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparative Analysis of Alvarado and Teicher s in the Diagnosis of Acute ABSTRACT Objective Study design Place & Duration of study Methodology Results Conclusion Key words Faran Kiani,
More informationClinical Decision-Support Tool for Acute Appendicitis
Clinical Decision-Support Tool for Acute Appendicitis Stéphane Meystre, MD, MS. Department of Medical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Author s address: Dr. med. Stéphane Meystre
More informationORIGINAL RESEARCH Evaluation Of Alvarado Score And CRP In Diagnosis Of Acute Appendicitis And Correlation With Histopathological Examination
IJCMR 509 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Evaluation Of Alvarado Score And CRP In Diagnosis Of Acute Appendicitis And Correlation With Histopathological Examination Vinay Sagar Cheeti 1, P. Mallikarjun 2, D.Venkateshwar
More informationIs Pediatric Appendicitis Score Sufficient to Make the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis Among Children?
Iraqi JMS Published by AlNahrain College of Medicine ISSN 686579 Email: iraqijms@colmedalnahrain.edu.iq http://www.colmednahrain.edu.iq Is Pediatric Appendicitis Score Sufficient to Make the Diagnosis
More informationThe accuracy of emergency medicine and surgical residents in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis
American Journal of Emergency Medicine (2010) 28, 766 770 www.elsevier.com/locate/ajem Original Contribution The accuracy of emergency medicine and surgical residents in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis
More informationAlvarado score: can it reduce unnecessary interventions for acute appendicitis in children?
ARS Medica Tomitana - 2017; 3(23): 115-120 10.1515/arsm-2017-0020 Chisalau V.1, Tica C.2, Chirila S.2, Ionescu C.2 Alvarado score: can it reduce unnecessary interventions for acute appendicitis in children?
More informationAppendicitis inflammatory response score: a novel scoring system for acute appendicitis
International Surgery Journal Patil S et al. Int Surg J. 2017 Mar;4(3):1065-1070 http://www.ijsurgery.com pissn 2349-3305 eissn 2349-2902 Original Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20170863
More informationTo Evaluate the Efficacy of Alvarado Score and Ultrasonography in Acute Appendicitis
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-853, p-issn: 2279-861.Volume 15, Issue 9 Ver. XI (September). 16), PP 14-18 www.iosrjournals.org To Evaluate the Efficacy of Alvarado
More informationOriginal Research Article A clinicopathological study of acute appendicitis in eastern India Ekka NMP 1, Singh PR 2, Kumar V 3
Original Research Article A clinicopathological study of acute appendicitis in eastern India Ekka NMP 1, Singh PR 2, Kumar V 3 1 Dr Nishith M Paul Ekka Senior Resident drnmpekka@gmail.com 2 Dr Pritesh
More informationIntroduction Diagnosis of acute appendicitis is basically a clinical matter. Many patients present with a typical history and physical examination fin
Modified Clinical Score of Acute Appendicitis Surgical Department College Of Medicine Karballa University. Abstract B ackground Suspected acute appendicitis is the most common non traumatic admissions
More informationOriginal Research Article
International Surgery Journal Regar MK et al. Int Surg J. 2017 May;4(5):1755-1761 http://www.ijsurgery.com pissn 2349-3305 eissn 2349-2902 Original Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20171634
More informationIV and Oral contrast vs. IV contrast alone computed tomography for the visualization of appendix and diagnosis of appendicitis in adult ED patients
IV and Oral contrast vs. IV contrast alone computed tomography for the visualization of appendix and diagnosis of appendicitis in adult ED patients Aman Wadhwani, MD/MSc-Candidate Lancia Guo, MD Erik Saude,
More informationEvaluation of the of the sensitivity, accuracy and positive predictive value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of Appendicitis.
West African Journal of Ultrasound Vol 17 Number 2 (2016) Evaluation of the of the sensitivity, accuracy and positive predictive value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of Appendicitis. 1 2 3 Oguntola
More informationPitfalls in Paediatric Appendicitis: Highlighting Common Clinical Features of Missed Cases
Original Article Pitfalls in Paediatric Appendicitis: Highlighting Common Clinical Features of Missed Cases Melanie D.W. Seah and Kee-Chong Ng, Department of Emergency Medicine, KK Women s and Children
More informationLaparoscopy for diagnosing equivocal appendicitis. Oscar Duffy Surgical Intern Cork University Hospital
Laparoscopy for diagnosing equivocal appendicitis Oscar Duffy Surgical Intern Cork University Hospital Treatment is straightforward diagnosis is not Negative appendicectomy rate 15-33% but can be as high
More informationPERFORATED APPENDICITIS VS NON-PERFORATED APPENDICITIS
PERFORATED APPENDICITIS VS NON-PERFORATED APPENDICITIS Abstract Pages with reference to book, From 325 To 326 Abdul Rashid Khawaja, M. Imtiaz Rasool, Ifran Ahmed Nadeem ( Department of Surgery, Rawalpindi
More informationACUTE APPENDICITIS; EFFICACY OF COMPLETE CLINICAL EVALUATION AND MODIFIED ALVARADO SCORING SYSTEM IN DIAGNOSE
The Professional Medical Journal DOI: 10.17957/TPMJ/15.3013 ORIGINAL PROF-3013 ACUTE APPENDICITIS; EFFICACY OF COMPLETE CLINICAL EVALUATION AND MODIFIED ALVARADO SCORING SYSTEM IN DIAGNOSE 1. MBBS, MCPS,
More informationData to Improve Clinical Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis. Dr. Alaa AK Mohammed
Data to Improve Clinical Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis Dr. Alaa AK Mohammed FRCS, CABS, College of Medicine, Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University, Najaf-Iraq Abstract Severe appendix inflammation is a
More informationAPPENDECTOMY IS ONE OF THE
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Has Misdiagnosis of Appendicitis Decreased Over Time? A Population-Based Analysis David R. Flum, MD Arden Morris, MD Thomas Koepsell, MD E. Patchen Dellinger, MD Context Misdiagnosis
More informationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (July 2018) Vol. 72(2), Page
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (July 2018) Vol. 72(2), Page 3904-3908 Comparative Study between Alvarado Score and Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis
More informationDevelopment of the RI PASA score: a new appendicitis scoring system for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis
220 Original Article Development of the RI PASA score: a new appendicitis scoring system for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis Chong C F, Adi M I W, Thien A, Suyoi A, Mackie A J, Tin A S, Tripathi S,
More informationValue of early change of serum C reactive protein combined to modified Alvarado score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Msolli et al. BMC Emergency Medicine (2018) 18:15 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-018-0166-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Value of early change of serum C reactive protein combined to modified Alvarado score in the
More informationRole of modified Alvarado scoring system and USG abdomen in acute appendicitis: an overview
International Surgery Journal http://www.ijsurgery.com pissn 2349-3305 eissn 2349-2902 Original Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20175404 Role of modified Alvarado scoring
More informationPaediatric appendicitis scoring: a useful guide to diagnose acute appendicitis in children
International Surgery Journal Dhruv KK et al. Int Surg J. 2016 Feb;3(1):84-89 http://www.ijsurgery.com pissn 2349-3305 eissn 2349-2902 Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20151534
More informationAppendicitis USG vs CT
Appendicitis USG vs CT Dr Sateesh Kumar Kailasam MBBS Dip EM (RCGP, UK) MRCEM (UK) Group Head Maxcure Group of Hospitals National Treasurer Society for Emergency Medicine India (SEMI) My Talk includes
More informationRole of serum C- reactive protein and leukocyte count in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in Nepalese population
Original Article Nepal Med Coll J 2008; 10(1): 11-15 Role of serum C- reactive protein and leukocyte count in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in Nepalese population CS Agrawal, 1 S Adhikari 2 and M
More informationRole of Alvarado Score in Diagnosis and Management of Acute Appendicitis
Original Article Print ISSN: 2321-6379 Online ISSN: 2321-595X DOI: 10.17354/ijss/2016/510 Role of Alvarado Score in Diagnosis and Management of Acute Appendicitis Chhari Akash Singh 1, Ashish Pratap Singh
More informationDiagnostic values of ultrasound and the Modified Alvarado Scoring System in acute appendicitis
Nasiri et al. International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2012, 5:26 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Open Access Diagnostic values of ultrasound and the Modified Alvarado Scoring System in acute appendicitis Shirzad
More informationTo Assess the Diagnostic Accuracy of Alvarado Scoring System by Placing Variables in Time Scale for the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis
ORIGINAL ARTICLE To Assess the Diagnostic Accuracy of Alvarado Scoring System by Placing Variables in Time Scale for the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis KHALID JAVEED KHAN, SAMIHA CHOUDHRY, HINA KHAN,
More informationAlvarado scores and pain onset in relation to multislice CT findings in acute appendicitis
Diagn Interv Radiol 2008; 14:14-18 Turkish Society of Radiology 2008 ABDOMINAL IMAGING ORIGINAL ARTICLE Alvarado scores and pain onset in relation to multislice CT findings in acute appendicitis Erkan
More informationComparative Study of Diagnostic Accuracy of Modified Alvarado Score and Ultrasonography in Acute Appendicitis
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861. Volume 13, Issue 1 Ver. VII. (Jan. 2014), PP 36-40 Comparative Study of Diagnostic Accuracy of Modified Alvarado
More informationPAPER. Computed Tomography and Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Appendicitis
Computed Tomography and Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Appendicitis When Are They Indicated? PAPER Erik B. Wilson, MD; J. Christopher Cole, MD; Michael L. Nipper, MD; Donald R. Cooney, MD; Randall
More informationIntroduction of Appendiceal CT Impact on Negative Appendectomy and Appendiceal
ANNALS OF SURGERY Vol. 229, No. 3, 344-349 1999 ULppinc Willams & Wilins, Inc. Introduction of Appendiceal CT Impact on Negative Appendectomy and Appendiceal Perforation Rates Patrick M. Rao, MD,* James
More informationPrognostic indicators of childhood acute viral encephalitis
ecommons@aku Community Health Sciences Department of Community Health Sciences December 1999 Prognostic indicators of childhood acute viral encephalitis E Bhutto Aga Khan University M Naim Aga Khan University
More informationIntraluminal gas in non-perforated acute appendicitis: a CT sign of gangrenous appendicitis
Intraluminal gas in non-perforated acute appendicitis: a CT sign of gangrenous appendicitis Poster No.: C-978 Congress: ECR 202 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: D. Plata Ariza, E. MARTINEZ CHAMORRO, J.
More informationINTRALUMINAL GAS IN NON-PERFORATED ACUTE APPENDICITIS: A predictor of gangrenous appendicitis
INTRALUMINAL GAS IN NON-PERFORATED ACUTE APPENDICITIS: A predictor of gangrenous appendicitis DM Plata Ariza, MD; E Martínez Chamorro, MD; D Castaño Pardo, MD; M Arroyo López, MD; E Peghini Gavilanes,
More informationPitfalls in the CT diagnosis of appendicitis
The British Journal of Radiology, 77 (2004), 792 799 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/95663370 E 2004 The British Institute of Radiology Pictorial review Pitfalls in the CT diagnosis of appendicitis 1 C D LEVINE, 2 O
More informationLow diagnostic values of ultrasonography and negative appendectomy: still a major problem in university hospitals
Original Research Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.Vol. 24, No. 4, February 2011. pp. 200-207 Low diagnostic values of ultrasonography and negative appendectomy: still a major problem in
More informationComputed Tomography Diagnostic Values of Acute Appendicitis in Different Patient Subgroups
J Radiol Sci 2013; 38: 9-14 Computed Tomography Diagnostic Values of Acute Appendicitis in Different Patient Subgroups Chih-Chen Chang Yon-Cheong Wong Li-Jen Wang Cheng-Hsien Wu Huan-Wu Chen Chen-Chih
More informationPoint-of-Care Ultrasound Integrated Into a Staged Diagnostic Algorithm for Pediatric Appendicitis
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Point-of-Care Ultrasound Integrated Into a Staged Diagnostic Algorithm for Pediatric Appendicitis Stephanie J. Doniger, MD, RDMS* and Aaron Kornblith, MD Objectives: We hypothesized that
More informationUSEFULNESS OF C REACTIVE PROTEIN AND LEUKOCYTE COUNT IN MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS IN CHILDREN
USEFULNESS OF C REACTIVE PROTEIN AND LEUKOCYTE COUNT IN MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS IN CHILDREN Rashid Ganai AB., *Tariq Ahmed Mala and Shahid Amin Malla Department of Surgery, GMC and SMHS Srinagar
More informationAppendicitis is the most common atraumatic
Prospective Validation of the Pediatric Appendicitis Score in a Canadian Pediatric Emergency Department Maala Bhatt, MD, MSc, Lawrence Joseph, PhD, Francine M. Ducharme, MD, MSc, Geoffrey Dougherty, MD,
More informationDelays by patients, emergency physicians, and surgeons in the management of acute appendicitis: retrospective study
Chung et al Delays by patients, emergency physicians, and surgeons in the management of acute appendicitis: retrospective study CH Chung, CP Ng, KK Lai Objectives. To compare the contributions of patients,
More informationComparative study of management of acute appendicitis with special consideration of Alvarado Score
Original Research Article Comparative study of management of acute appendicitis with special consideration of Alvarado Score Jayesh Gohel, Hiren Parmar *, Balraj Solanki 2 Associate Professor, Department
More informationKaryn A. Ledbetter, MD; Andrew K. Moriarity, MD; Safwan Halabi, MD Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202
LEARNING FROM OUR MISSED OPPORTUNITIES: INITIAL EXPERIENCE USING SONOGRAPHER REPORT CARDS TO IMPROVE THE DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF PEDIATRIC APPENDIX ULTRASOUND AND DECREASE CT UTILIZATION Karyn A. Ledbetter,
More informationAndrzej Żyluk 1, Paweł Ostrowski 2
POLSKI PRZEGLĄD CHIRURGICZNY 2011, 83, 3, 135 143 10.2478/v10035-011-0021-9 An analysis of factors influencing accuracy of the diagnosis of acute appendicitis Andrzej Żyluk 1, Paweł Ostrowski 2 Department
More informationCLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE RIPASA SCORING SYSTEM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS
e - ISSN - XXXX - XXXX American Journal of Advanced Medical & Surgical Research Journal homepage: www.mcmed.us/journal/ajamsr CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE RIPASA SCORING SYSTEM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE
More informationMedical Management of Appendicitis: Are We There Yet? Monica E. Lopez, MD, FACS, FAAP
Medical Management of Appendicitis: Are We There Yet? Monica E. Lopez, MD, FACS, FAAP Texas Children s Hospital Objectives Discuss the surgical and non-operative approaches to the treatment of appendicitis
More informationEffective Health Care Program
Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 157 Effective Health Care Program Diagnosis of Right Lower Quadrant Pain and Suspected Acute Appendicitis Executive Summary Background Abdominal pain is a common
More informationKhanal BR, Ansari MA, Pradhan S Department of Radiology and Imaging, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2008), Vol. 6, No. 1, Issue 21, 70-74 Original Article Accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis Khanal BR, Ansari MA, Pradhan S Department
More informationAPPENDICITIS AND ITS APPEARANCES ON CT
APPENDICITIS AND ITS APPEARANCES ON CT APPENDICITIS Results from acute inflammation of the appendix. Most common abdominal surgical emergencies. Diagnosis usually clinical based on physical exam and lab
More informationCritical Review Form Clinical Decision Analysis
Critical Review Form Clinical Decision Analysis An Interdisciplinary Initiative to Reduce Radiation Exposure: Evaluation of Appendicitis in a Pediatric Emergency Department with Clinical Assessment Supported
More informationA Case Report of Acute Renal Artery Occlusion Mimicking Acute Appendicitis
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Surgery Volume 7 Number 1 A Case Report of Acute Renal Artery Occlusion Mimicking Acute Appendicitis S Abouel-Enin, A Douglas, R Morgan Citation S Abouel-Enin, A Douglas,
More informationThe role of abdominal X-rays in the investigation of suspected acute appendicitis
Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Vol. 2(11) pp. 1216-1220, November 2011 Available online@ http://www.interesjournals.org/jmms Copyright 2011 International Research Journals Full Length Research
More informationInvestigating the Impact of the Amount of Contrast Material used in Abdominal CT Examinations Regarding the Diagnosis of Appendicolith
Research Article Investigating the Impact of the Amount of Contrast Material used in Abdominal CT Examinations Regarding the Diagnosis of Appendicolith Eleftherios Lavdas 1,2, Nadia Boci 2, Lia Sarantaenna
More informationRight Iliac Fossa Pain
Princess Margaret Hospital for Children PAEDIATRIC ACUTE CARE GUIDELINE Right Iliac Fossa Pain Scope (Staff): Scope (Area): All Emergency Department Clinicians Emergency Department This document should
More informationASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC SURGERY Pediatric Negative Appendectomy Rate: Trend, Predictors, and Differentials
Journal of Surgical Research 173, 16 20 (2012) doi:10.1016/j.jss.2011.04.046 ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC SURGERY Pediatric Negative Appendectomy Rate: Trend, Predictors, and Differentials Tolulope A. Oyetunji,
More informationEvaluation of Ultrasound and Alvarado Score Combination for the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Babylon Childrens
September, 2017 2017; Vol1; Issue8 http://iamresearcher.online Evaluation of Ultrasound and Alvarado Score Combination for the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Babylon Childrens Ahmed. S. Resheed Pediatric
More informationSignificance of Ripasa Scoring System in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis
Significance of Ripasa Scoring System in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis 1 Marwah Karan, 2 Maheshwari Kumar Mukesh, 3 Krishna Atul, 4 Agarwal Vijay, 5 Kumar Deepak, 6 Jain Atul, 7 Prasad Akshay 1,6,7 Resident,
More informationStudy of laparoscopic appendectomy: advantages, disadvantages and reasons for conversion of laparoscopic to open appendectomy
International Surgery Journal Agrawal SN et al. Int Surg J. 2017 Mar;4(3):993-997 http://www.ijsurgery.com pissn 2349-3305 eissn 2349-2902 Original Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20170849
More informationElectrical impedance scanning of the breast is considered investigational and is not covered.
ARBenefits Approval: 09/28/2011 Effective Date: 01/01/2012 Revision Date: Code(s): Medical Policy Title: Electrical Impedance Scanning of the Breast Document: ARB0127 Administered by: Public Statement:
More informationOriginal Article Validity of Modified Alvarado Scoring System Pak Armed Forces Med J 2017; 67 (5):
Open Access Original Article Validity of Modified Alvarado Scoring System Pak Armed Forces Med J 2017; 67 (5): 813-18 VALIDITY OF MODIFIED ALVARADO SCORING SYSTEM (MASS) IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS
More informationWe are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists. International authors and editors
We are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,800 116,000 120M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our
More informationOriginal article A Prospective Study of Christian Scoring System and its Co- Relation with Ultrasound in diagnosing Acute Appendicitis
Original article A Prospective Study of Christian Scoring System and its Co- Relation with Ultrasound in diagnosing Acute Appendicitis Abhinandan. B. Vandakudri*, Sanjay N Koppad*, Arunkumar. Jeedi,*,
More informationThe Value of Ultrasound in Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis
The Value of Ultrasound in Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis *Dr. Baha'a Mushref Abdulsalam Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq Received 14/2/2012 Accepted 23/5/2012
More informationEndometriosis of the Appendix Resulting in Perforated Appendicitis
27 Endometriosis of the Appendix Resulting in Perforated Appendicitis Toru Hasegawa a Koichi Yoshida b Kazuhiro Matsui c a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama,
More informationThe nontraumatic acute abdomen
CT features of acute appendicitis: pictorial review Marco ntonio Cura, MD The nontraumatic acute abdomen is one of the most common presentations to the emergency room, with appendicitis being one of the
More informationISSN X (Print) Original Research Article. *Corresponding author Dr. Pawan Katti
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences (SJAMS) Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2016; 4(4C):1278-1282 Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources)
More informationACUTE APPENDICITIS IN THE
Age and Ageing 87;:2-2 JAMES McCAUJON* Registrar GORDON P. CANNMGt Senior Registrar ACUTE APPENDICITIS IN THE Registrar Department of Pathology Stobhill General Hospital, Glasgow G2 Summary Acute appendicitis
More informationDiscriminating between simple and perforated appendicitis
1 Discriminating between simple and perforated appendicitis Bröker M.E.E. 1, Van Lieshout E.M.M., PhD 2, Van der Elst M., MD PhD 1, Stassen L.P.S., MD PhD 3, Schepers T., MD PhD 1 1 Department of Surgery,
More informationEach year, over 250,000 appendectomies for presumed
ORIGINAL ARTICLES Negative Appendectomy and Imaging Accuracy in the Washington State Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program The SCOAP Collaborative. The SCOAP Collaborative included Joseph Cuschieri,
More informationEszter Mán Zsolt Simonka Ákos Varga
Surg Endosc (2014) 28:2398 2405 DOI 10.1007/s00464-014-3488-8 and Other Interventional Techniques Impact of the alvarado score on the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: comparing clinical judgment, alvarado
More informationOriginal Research Article. Dilip Kothari 1, Archana Kothari 2 *, Abhishek Kalantri 3, Pawan Bhambani 4
International Surgery Journal Kothari D et al. Int Surg J. 2017 Aug;4(8):2439-2444 http://www.ijsurgery.com pissn 2349-3305 eissn 2349-2902 Original Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20173142
More informationAppendicitis Ultrasound: Comparison Study of the Radiology Resident to the Technologist and Attending
Research Article imedpub Journals http://www.imedpub.com Journal of Pediatric Care ISSN 2471-805X DOI: 10.21767/2471-805X.100011 Abstract Appendicitis Ultrasound: Comparison Study of the Radiology Resident
More informationRight Colon, Sigmoid Colon, and Transverse Colon Diverticulitis in the Same Patient: Report of a Case
Right Colon, Sigmoid Colon, and Transverse Colon Diverticulitis in the Same Patient: Report of a Case Marc Greenwald, M.D., Tzvi Nussbaum, M.D. Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery,
More informationAcute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency in
FEATURE Is It Safe to Delay Appendectomy in Adults With Acute Appendicitis? Michael F. Ditillo, DO,* James D. Dziura, PhD, and Reuven Rabinovici, MD* Objective: To examine whether delayed surgical intervention
More informationThe diagnostic value of white cell count, C-reactive protein and bilirubin in acute appendicitis and its complications
GENERAL doi 10.1308/003588413X13511609957371 I G Panagiotopoulou 1, D Parashar 2, R Lin 1, S Antonowicz 1, AD Wells 1, FM Bajwa 1, B Krijgsman 1 1 Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
More informationProspective evaluation of clinical, biochemical and sonographic findings in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children
Original article: Prospective evaluation of clinical, biochemical and sonographic findings in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children 1 Dr Pervaze Salam, 2 Dr Tariq Ahmed Mala, 3 Dr Firdous Hamid,
More informationEvaluation of Oral Midazolam as Pre-Medication in Day Care Surgery in Adult Pakistani Patients
Evaluation of Oral Midazolam as Pre-Medication in Day Care Surgery in Adult Pakistani Patients Abstract Pages with reference to book, From 239 To 241 Nauman Ahmed, Fauzia A. Khan ( Department of Anaesthesia,
More informationFocused Abdominal Computed Tomography in Clinically Suspected Adolescent Acute Appendicitis
Original Article J Curr Surg. 2018;8(1-2):7-12 Focused Abdominal Computed Tomography in Clinically Suspected Adolescent Acute Appendicitis Muhammad Imran Aslam a, Muhammad Osman Karim b, d, Syed Hussain
More informationInternational Journal of Surgery
International Journal of Surgery 7 (2009) 451 455 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Surgery journal homepage: www.theijs.com Evaluating routine diagnostic imaging in acute
More informationBreast Carcinoma in Pakistani Females: A. Morphological Study of 572 Breast Specimens
Breast Carcinoma in Pakistani Females: A. Morphological Study of 572 Breast Specimens M. Shahid Siddiqui,Naila Kayani,Sara Sulaiman,Akbar S. Hussainy,Sajid H. Shah,Suhail Muzaffar ( Faculty of Health Sciences,
More informationAbdominal CT Does Not Improve Outcome for Children with Suspected Acute Appendicitis
Original Research Abdominal CT Does Not Improve Outcome for Children with Suspected Acute Appendicitis Danielle I. Miano, BS* Renee M. Silvis, BS* Jill M. Popp, PhD* Marvin C. Culbertson, MD Brendan Campbell,
More informationClinical Evaluation of the Nose: A Cheap and Effective Tool for the Nasal Fracture Diagnosis
Eplasty. 2012; 12: e3. Published online 2012 January 23. PMCID: PMC3266122 Clinical Evaluation of the Nose: A Cheap and Effective Tool for the Nasal Fracture Diagnosis Joaquín Pérez-Guisado, MD, PhD a
More informationResearch Article Appendicitis in Children: Evaluation of the Pediatric Appendicitis Score in Younger and Older Children
Surgery Research and Practice, Article ID 438076, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/438076 Research Article Appendicitis in Children: Evaluation of the Pediatric Appendicitis Score in Younger and
More informationSupplementary Online Content
Supplementary Online Content McCaul KA, Lawrence-Brown M, Dickinson JA, Norman PE. Long-term outcomes of the Western Australian trial of screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms: secondary analysis of
More informationScientific Exhibit Authors: V. Moustakas, E. Karallas, K. Koutsopoulos ; Rodos/GR, 2
Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis: the role of Color Doppler Ultrasound as first-line imaging method and evaluation of the higher diagnostic performances of CT against its disadvantages. Poster No.: C-0708
More informationA Study of Factors Responsible for Delayed Presentation of Acute Appendicitis and their Implications on the Outcome
ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Study of Factors Responsible for Delayed Presentation of Acute Appendicitis and their Implications on the Outcome ABSTRACT Objectives: To highlight different etiological factors and
More informationA new simple scoring system for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis
\ A new simple scoring system for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis Zakaur Rab Siddiqui 1, Tanwir Khaliq 2, Syed Aslam Shah 3 1 Registrar, Department of Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences,
More informationUnenhanced Limited CT of the Abdomen in the Diagnosis of Appendicitis in Children: Comparison with Sonography
Lisa H. Lowe 1 Michael W. Penney 1 Sharon M. Stein 1 Richard M. Heller 1 Wallace W. Neblett 2 Yu Shyr 3 Marta Hernanz-Schulman 1 Received December 16, 1999; accepted after revision May 22, 2000. 1 Department
More informationPost-Operative Complications of Stump Ligation Alone Versus Stump Ligation with Invagination in Appendicectomy
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Surgery Volume 22 Number 2 Post-Operative Complications of Stump Ligation Alone Versus Stump Ligation with Invagination in Q MINHAS, K SIDDIQUE, S MIRZA, A MALIK Citation
More informationNegative appendicectomy and perforation rates after laparoscopic appendicectomy
Original article Negative appendicectomy and perforation rates after laparoscopic appendicectomy U. Güller 1,L.Rosella 2, J. McCall 3,L.E.Brügger 1 and D. Candinas 1 1 Department of Surgery, Division of
More informationLaparoscopic Appendectomy: Valuable. Joel Baumgartner UCHSC Surgery Grand Rounds Resident Debate November 20, 2006
Valuable Joel Baumgartner UCHSC Surgery Grand Rounds Resident Debate November 20, 2006 History National Library of Medicine History First open appendectomy in 1889 McBurney C. NY Med J 1889;50:676-84.
More informationSurgical Apgar Score Predicts Post- Laparatomy Complications
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Surgical Apgar Score Predicts Post- Laparatomy Complications Dullo M 1, Ogendo SWO 2, Nyaim EO 2 1 Kitui District Hospital 2 School of Medicine, University of Nairobi Correspondence to:
More informationDIAGNOSING ACUTE APPENDICITIS ON ULTRASOUND WHERE DO WE STAND? Joanne Howey, Radiology Resident, PGY-4 McMaster University
DIAGNOSING ACUTE APPENDICITIS ON ULTRASOUND WHERE DO WE STAND? Joanne Howey, Radiology Resident, PGY-4 McMaster University Disclosure No relevant financial or non-financial relationships to disclose Outline
More informationAcute appendicitis is a common condition and. Elevated serum bilirubin in acute appendicitis: A new diagnostic tool.
Kathmandu University Medical Journal (28), Vol. 6, No. 2, Issue 22, 161-165 Original Article Elevated serum bilirubin in acute appendicitis: A new diagnostic tool Khan S Department of surgery, Nepalgunj
More informationThe appendix is a small, tube-like structure attached to the first part of the large intestine, also called the colon. The appendix.
The appendix is a small, tube-like structure attached to the first part of the large intestine, also called the colon. The appendix is located in the lower right portion of the abdomen. It has no known
More information