Psihofizikalne metode Psychophysical methods
|
|
- Toby Hunter
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 MED RAZGL 1997; 36: Psihofizikalne metode Psychophysical methods Du{ka Meh* Klju~ne besede ob~utek, motnje diagnostika senzori~ni prag Izvle~ek. Kvantitativni senzori~ni testi so pomembno dopolnilo klini~nega pregleda. Ob~utke izvabljamo s fiziolo{kimi modalno-specifi~nimi dra`ljaji in merimo s psihofizikalnimi preiskavnimi metodami. Zaznavni prag je odvisen od vrste zunanjih in notranjih dejavnikov, ki jih moramo upo{tevati pri odlo~itvi o motenem ob~utku. Ob~utljivost (za dotik, bole~ino, toploto, hlad, vibracijo) lahko okvarijo razli~ne bolezni. Nevrolo{ka bolezen lahko selektivno prizadene senzori~ni nevron na razli~nih ravneh, razli~ne populacije nevronov in njihove razli~ne dele, natan~na lokalizacija bolezenskega procesa pa je mogo~a le s povezovanjem rezultatov klini~nega pregleda in razli~nih preiskav. Le ocena praga s psihofizikalnimi metodami (opisali smo termomerijo, vibrametrijo in ocenjevanje zaznavanja dotika) je zato premalo za ovrednotenje klini~ne slike. Key words sensation, disorders diagnosis sensory thresholds Abstract. Quantitative sensory tests constitute an important complement to physical examination. Perception is evoked by modality-specific stimuli and sensory thresholds are examined by psychophysical methods. Sensory disturbances are defined in terms of changes in perception thresholds. Different psychophysical methods are described. Subjective responses are assessed by thermometry, vibrametry and examination of tactile sensation which are affected by some internal and external factors. As these tests do not localize the lesion, they should be complemented by a physical examination and other investigations. Uvod Psihofizika preu~uje odnose med fizikalnimi lastnostmi dra`ljaja in senzori~nimi izku{- njami, psihofizikalne metode pa temeljijo na dolo~anju zaznavnih pragov. Zaznavni prag je opredeljen kot velikost dra`ljaja, ki izzove zaznavo, oz. kot intenzivnost dra`ljaja, ki jo preiskovanec zazna v polovici poskusov. V senzori~nih poteh je stalna, naklju~na aktivnost ({um), ki jo zunanji dra`ljaj pove~a. Preiskovanec primerja izrazitost zaznave z notranjim merilom in se mora odlo~iti, ~e je nova aktivnost toliko ve~ja od {uma, da dra`ljaj, ki jo je izzval, lahko opredeli kot pra`ni dolo~i torej svoje merilo. Notranje merilo je pri razli~nih preiskovancih in pri istem preiskovancu na razli~nih mestih razli~no, nanj pa vplivajo tudi ~as, preiskovan~evi motivacija in pripravljenost za sodelovanje ter drugi dejavniki, npr. verjetnost, da se bo preiskovanec odlo~il za eno od mo`nosti (1 3). Dolo~anje zaznavnih pragov je zahtevno delo, ki ga dobro opravi le natan~en, potrpe`ljiv in teoreti~no dobro podkovan preiskovalec. Na izmerjene zaznavne prage mo~no vplivajo *Znanstvena sodelavka dr. Du{ka Meh, dr. med., In{titut RS za rehabilitacijo, Linhartova 51, 1000 Ljubljana in Univerzitetni in{titut za klini~no nevrofiziologijo, Klini~ni center, 1525 Ljubljana. 191
2 MED RAZGL 1997; 36 dejavniki, ki preoblikujejo (zavirajo ali spodbujajo) dra`ljaj, ki potuje proti mo`ganski skorji. Hrup, utrujenost, vznemirjenost, so~asni drugi dra`ljaji so nekateri od dejavnikov, ki motijo zaznavanje in onemogo~ajo natan~no dolo~itev pragov. Preiskave ote`ko~a tudi preiskovan~ev strah in za veliko ljudi morda nepri~akovan, pri dolo~anju ob~utljivosti za vibracijo tudi neznan in te`ko prepoznaven dra`ljaj. Zaznavni pragi so odvisni tudi od aktivnosti simpati~nega `iv~nega sistema (4), ~eprav povezave med izmerjenimi zaznavnimi pragi in aktivnostjo simpati~nega `iv~evja, dolo~eno z merjenjem simpati~nega ko`nega odziva, nismo mogli dokazati (5), vznemirjen preiskovanec pa pragov ni mogel zanesljivo ozna~iti (6). Pomembna je adaptacija, na katero vplivajo tudi hitrost spreminjanja dra`ljaja in starost preiskovanca. Ko`na temperatura mo~no vpliva na izmerjene prage (5, 6). Mo`en in verjeten je vpliv osrednjih procesnih mehanizmov, ki jih ne poznamo in zaenkrat ne moremo dovolj zanesljivo oceniti, ter spremenljivost notranjega merila (1 3). Na zaznavne prage vplivajo tudi dolo~ena zdravila, predvsem tista, ki vplivajo na zaznavne procese v osrednjem `iv~evju in povzro~ajo dremavost in zaspanost, zaradi pomirjevalnega u~inka in izzvane fizi~ne utrujenosti pa vplivajo tudi na psihomotorne sposobnosti. Preizku{ali smo vpliv diazepama na prage zaznave vibracije (5, 7). Statisti~no zna~ilno spremenjenih zaznavnih pragov po zau`itju diazepama nismo na{li, pove~al pa se je raztros vrednosti. Pri bolnikih, ki u`ivajo diazepam, zaznavnih pragov zaradi vpliva u~inkovine na zaznavanje ne bo smiselno opravljati. V svetu je le nekaj raziskovalnih sredi{~, ki se ukvarjajo s psihofizikalnim ocenjevanjem ob~utljivosti. Na{a raziskovalna skupina se z dvema metodama, termometrijo in vibrametrijo, raziskovalno ukvarja od za~etka devetdesetih let, vedno pomembnej{i pa postajata tudi pri diagnosti~nih postopkih. Pri raziskovalnem in klini~nem delu bomo za- ~eli dolo~ati tudi prage zaznave rahlega dotika in bole~ine zaradi pritiska. Termometrija Termometrija je ena od psihofizikalnih metod, s katerimi ocenjujemo ob~utke. Pri delu uporabljamo metodo Marstock (8), ki so jo razvili {vedski in nem{ki raziskovalci in se po mestih (Marburgu in Stockholmu), v katerih so delali, tudi imenuje. Uporabljamo Somedicov aparat (SOMEDIC Thermotest, Somedic AB Stockholm, [vedska) (slika 1). Preiskava omogo~a kvantitativno oceno pragov zaznave toplote, hladu in bole~ine zaradi mraza in zaradi vro~ine, zelo pomembne podatke pa dobimo s hkratnim spremljanjem kakovosti ob~utka. Absolutnih vrednosti pragov zaznave toplote in hladu ne vrednotimo, saj so izmerjene vrednosti odvisne od ko`ne temperature. Prag zaznave hladu je nizek pri nizki ko`ni temperaturi in se vi{a z vi{anjem ko`ne temperature, prag zaznave toplote pa je najni`ji pri visoki ko`ni temperaturi in vi{ji pri ni`jih temperaturah ko`e (9). 192
3 MEH D: PSIHOFIZIKALNE METODE A Slika 1. A termotester s termodo, ki jo na del, ki ga pregledujemo, pritrdimo z elasti~nim trakom. B preiskovanec s pritiskom na stikalo spremeni smer toka in s tem temperaturo. Stikalo pritisne takoj, ko za~uti, da je postal stimulator toplej{i ali hladnej{i (dra`iti za~nemo vedno s temperaturo 30 C, ki je v nevtralnem obmo~ju). Spreminjanje temperature zapisujemo s peresnim pisalnikom. B 193
4 MED RAZGL 1997; 36 Vrednosti, ki nam pomagajo pri opredeljevanju ob~utljivosti, so {irina nevtralnega obmo~ja (razlika med pragoma zaznave toplote in zaznave hladu), ter praga zaznave bole~ine zaradi mraza in zaradi vro~ine (slika 2). TEMPERATURA ( C) PV 40 PZBV 35 PZT 30 PZH PZBM Slika 2. Temperatura, s katero dolo~amo zaznavne prage, se spreminja linearno. V nevtralnem obmo~ju (obmo~ju ugodja) ne zaznavamo ni~, ~e se temperatura {e dvigne ali zni`a, pa zaznamo toploto ali hlad. Pri {e ve~jih spremembah zaznamo bole~ino, skrajna meja, do katere zdr`imo, a je pri preiskovancih obi~ajno ne dolo~amo, pa je toleran~na meja. PV prag vzdr`ljivosti, PZBM prag zaznave bole~ine zaradi mraza, PZBV prag zaznave bole~ine zaradi vro~ine, PZH prag zaznave hladu, PZT prag zaznave toplote. Pri ocenjevanju ob~utkov za toploto, hlad in bole~ino zaradi mraza in zaradi vro~ine uporabljamo ~isti toplotni dra`ljaj, saj stimulator, termodo, z elasti~nim trakom pritrdimo na mesto, ki ga pregledujemo, in med dolo~anjem zaznavnih pragov ne dra`imo receptorjev za dotik. Termoda ne deformira ko`e in podko`nega tkiva, saj je pritisk na tkivo premajhen, velikost termode pa je standardna, tovarni{ko dolo~ena in pri vseh preiskovancih enaka, tako da ne more vplivati na rezultate. V odvisnosti od smeri toka, ki te~e skoznjo, se ohlaja ali segreva in s tem hladi ali segreva ko`o na dra`enem mestu. Temperaturo za dolo~itev {irine nevtralnega obmo~ja spreminjamo s hitrostjo 0,15 C/s, kar dose`emo z 10 % najve~jega mo`nega toka (I o ), zelo ob~utljiva podro~ja dra`imo s po~asneje se spreminjajo~o temperaturo (s 5 % I o, tj. z 0,04 C/s), za dolo~itev bole~ine zaradi 194
5 MEH D: PSIHOFIZIKALNE METODE A B C SR,V, ± ST,D, (n) 0,80+0,46 C (130) SR,V, ± ST,D, (n) 0,94+0,79 C (166) SR,V, ± ST,D, (n) 25,15+4,61 C (106) 1,94+1,61 C (126) 2,02+1,87 C (126) 2,43+1,69 C (159) 2,24+1,38 C (159) 25,56+3,75 C (105) 25,49+3,85 C (111) 1,73+1,16 C (126) 2,28+1,81 C (125) 2,32+1,74 C (162) 2,61+1,83 C (158) 24,71+4,62 C (106) 25,78+3,72 C (108) 1,53+1,06 C (130) 1,89+1,12 C (166) 24,09+4,87 C (105) 2,19+1,54 C (126) 2,89+1,88 C (157) 25,43+3,43 C (104) 3,28+2,30 C (119) 4,88+3,89 C (153) 24,97+4,17 C (95) 2,98+2,34 C (122) 4,24+3,19 C (151) 23,78+5,09 C (98) ^ D E SR,V, ± ST,D, (n) 24,46+4,8 C (111) SR,V, ± ST,D, (n) 35,95+3,71 C (130) SR,V, ± ST,D, (n) 37,51+4,13 C (166) 24,56+4,77 C (104) 25,01+4,34 C (101) 36,80+3,14 C (126) 37,41+3,29 C (126) 38,01+3,37 C (159) 37,60+3,54 C (160) 25,05+4,25 C (104) 37,42+3,03 C (125) 38,20+3,35 C (159) 24,51+4,60 C (101) 36,93+3,32 C (126) 38,54+3,56 C (163) 23,15+4,76 C (107) 37,69+4,21 C (130) 40,18+4,81 C (166) 25,20+3,80 C (91) 37,60+3,21 C (126) 39,32+3,82 C (158) 25,51+3,95 C (85) 39,06+2,93 C (119) 40,73+3,20 C (153) 23,63+5,21 C (85) 38,22+3,01 C (122) 39,59+2,76 C (151) Slika 3. Povpre~ne vrednosti {irin nevtralnih obmo~ij (A, B) in pragov bole~ine zaradi mraza (C, ^) in zaradi vro~ine (D, E) na razli~nih delih telesa. SR, V srednja vrednost in ST, D standardna deviacija. mraza ali zaradi vro~ine pa uporabimo 40 % I o oz. hitrost 1 C/s. Hitrosti 0,15 C/s in 1 C/s se skladajo s priporo~enimi v literaturi (9, 10) in ne vplivajo na zaznavne prage, ki pa jih ne spremenijo niti po~asnej{e spremembe 0,04 C/s (6). Preiskava je odvisna od preiskovan~evega sodelovanja, saj s stikalom sam spreminja smer toka in s tem temperaturo. Stikalo pritisne takoj, ko za~uti, da je postal stimulator toplej{i ali hladnej{i (praga zaznave toplote in hladu) oz. bole~e vro~ ali bole~e mrzel (praga zaznave bole~ine zaradi vro~ine in zaradi mraza). Preiskovalec mora natan~no 195
6 MED RAZGL 1997; 36 spremljati preiskovan~eve odzive, resni~nost njegovih navedb pa lahko preveri z vrsto drobnih zvija~. Dra`iti za~nemo vedno s temperaturo 30 C, ki je v nevtralnem obmo~ju (temperaturnem obmo~ju, kjer temperatura stimulatorja ne izzove pro`enja impulzov in preiskovanec ni~esar ne zaznava). Mejni uporabljani temperaturi sta 10 C in 50 C, ki `e izzoveta bole~ino, ne moreta pa po{kodovati preiskovanca. Normativne vrednosti zaznavnih pragov smo dolo~ili na devetih delih telesa desno in levo (11, 12), dokaj natan~no pa lahko zaznavanje ocenimo tudi drugje (vrednosti se med sosednjimi podro~ji ne razlikujejo bistveno). Na splo{no so razlike med razli~nimi merjenimi mesti najbolj izra`ene pri dolo~anju {irine nevtralnega obmo~ja, pri dolo~anju bole~ine zaradi mraza in zaradi vro~ine pa so manj{e (slika 3). Izmerjeni pragi so med preiskovanci zelo razli~ni (na hrbtni strani nog se {irine nevtralnih obmo~ij npr. pri `enskah gibljejo od 0,25 do 11 C, pri mo{kih pa od 0,20 do 14,80 C). Zaznavanje toplote, hladu in bole~ine je spremenjeno pri mnogih nevrolo{kih okvarah, pri vseh, ki okvarijo katerega od ~lenov v senzori~ni poti. Najzna~ilnej{e okvare perifernega `iv~evja, ki spremenijo delovanje tankih mieliniziranih (A-delta) in nemieliniziranih `iv~nih vlaken, ki sestavljajo kar dve tretjini ali tri ~etrtine vlaken v perifernem `ivcu (13 15), so periferne nevropatije in mnoge med njimi izolirano ali pa najprej in najo~itneje okvarijo prav tanka vlakna. Bolezni, ki izolirano okvarijo tanka `iv~na vlakna, so diabeti~na (16 18) in amiloidna nevropatija (19), Riley-Dayev sindrom (20), hereditarna senzori~na nevropatija (21), Tangierjeva bolezen (22), Fabryjeva bolezen (23), pansenzori~na familiarna nevropatija (24) in Sjögrenov sindrom (25 28). Okvare so s psihofizikalnimi preiskavami dokazali tudi pri nekaterih boleznih osrednjega `iv~evja (29). Izolirano okvaro zaznavanja toplote, hladu in bole~ine ugotovimo tudi pri razli~nih intramedularnih procesih, npr. siringomielijah in tumorjih. Vibrametrija Kvantitativne in kvalitativne podatke o zaznavanju vibracije prav tako izmerimo s psihofizikalno preiskavo, vibrametrijo. Merilni aparat, vibrameter, ima standardizirana pritisk na ko`o in amplitudo premika ter omogo~a dolo~anje zaznavnih pragov. Uporabljamo metodo, ki sta jo opisala Goldberg in Lindblom (30), zaznavne prage pa merimo s Somedicovim aparatom (Vibrameter type IV, Somedic AB Stockholm, [vedska) (slika 4). Stimulator je nepolariziran elektromagnet, ki vibrira z dvakratno frekvenco uporabljenega elektri~nega signala s 100 Hz. Kar najbolj navpi~no in pravokotno ga prislonimo na ko`o nad kostjo. Pritisk na tkivo je enak te`i stimulatorja (450 g), sti~na povr{ina pa meri 1,13 cm 2. Uporabljeni pritisk je med meritvijo stalen, signalna lu~ka na vibrametru pa preiskovalca opozori na morebitno odstopanje od za~etne to~ke. Stimulator pred merjenjem na vsakem mestu, ki ga pregledujemo, uravnamo, saj je amplituda odvisna od viskozno-elasti~nih lastnosti tkiva (31), ki jim prilagodimo aparat. Amplitudo vibracije (mo`ne so vrednosti od 0 do 399,9 μm) merimo neposredno s pomo~jo pretvornika v stimulatorju. Preiskovanec pove, kdaj za~uti vibracijo in kdaj ob~utek izgine. Frekvenca in oblika vibracije (sinusna) sta stalni, zaradi {irjenja vibracije na okolna zdrava tkiva pa metoda za dokazovanje izpadov na omejenih podro~jih, glavi ali prsnem ko{u, ni primerna. 196
7 MEH D: PSIHOFIZIKALNE METODE A Slika 4. A pod preiskovano mesto polo`imo blazino z zrnci, ki prepre~uje {irjenje vibracije po podlagi. B vibrameter prislonimo kar najbolj navpi~no na ko`o nad kostjo, na kateri dolo~amo prage zaznave vibracije. B 197
8 MED RAZGL 1997; 36 AMPLITUDA ( μm) 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 PZV 0,5 0 PIV 0,5 1 1,5 Slika 5. Sinusoidno nihanje (vibracijo) zaznamo, ko amplituda dose`e zaznavni prag. Pri manj{i amplitudi ob~utek vibracije izgine (prag izginotja ob~utka vibracije). PIV prag izginotja ob~utka vibracije, PZV prag zaznave vibracije. Dolo~amo prag zaznave vibracije (PZV) in prag izginotja ob~utka vibracije (PIV) ter izra- ~unamo vibracijski prag (VP), srednjo vrednost med obema prej{njima (slika 5). Normativne vrednosti smo dolo~ili za sedem razli~nih telesnih delov (32, 33). Izmerjene vrednosti se med razli~nimi mesti razlikujejo (30, 32 34). Preiskovanci te`e dolo~ijo PIV, kjer je aktivnost, dodana {umu, majhna, in variabilnost teh podatkov je ve~ja, variabilnosti PZV in VP pa sta podobni (30, 32). Pri okvarjeni ob~utljivosti ali pri druga~e spremenjenih pogojih, ko je prage te`ko dolo~iti, se zato izjemoma lahko zadovoljimo tudi z dolo~itvijo le PZV (32). Razli~ni deli telesa so za vibracijo razli~no ob~utljivi. Razponi izmerjenih vrednosti so veliki (slika 6). Vibrametrija je znana in pri klini~nem in raziskovalnem delu pogosto uporabljana metoda. Pomembna je za potrditev ali izklju~itev okvarjenega zaznavanja, kadar so rezultati preiskovanja z glasbenimi vilicami dvomljivi. Dolo~anje zaznavnih pragov je ob~utljivo in poka`e tudi subklini~ne okvare. Ocenjevanje zaznavanja dotika Psihofizikalna preiskava, s katero ocenjujemo zaznavanje dotika, je dolo~anje zaznave z von Freyevimi laski (35). Preiskava je dokaj preprosta. Sinteti~ni laski so pritrjeni 198
9 MEH D: PSIHOFIZIKALNE METODE 0,10 1,22 0,11 1,34 0,11 0,80 0,10 1,05 na dr`alo (slika 7). Ob delovanju dolo~ene sile se upognejo. Preiskovanec ~uti pritisk na ko`o in glede na debelino laska, ki ga ~uti, izmerimo ob~utljivost preiskovanega telesnega dela. Na zaznavanje dotika prav tako vpliva vrsta dejavnikov, lastnih izku{enj pa imamo {e premalo, da bi jih lahko natan~no opredelili. Sklep 0,11 1,55 0,11 1,44 0,11 1,48 Slika 6. Razponi izmerjenih pragov zaznavanja vibracije na razli~nih delih telesa. Ob upo{tevanju omejitev so kvantitativni senzori~ni testi pomembna pomo~ v klini~ni praksi in klini~nem raziskovanju. Pred odlo~itvijo o motenem ob~utku moramo ovrednotiti dejavnike, ki odlo~ajo o pomenu rezultata. Zaznavni prag je namre~ odvisen od ve~ zunanjih in notranjih dejavnikov. Nevrolo{ke bolezni lahko povzro~ijo okvaro senzibilnosti (ob~utka za dotik, ob~utka bole~ine, ob~utka za toploto ali hlad, ob~utka za vibracijo), lahko pa tudi spremenijo zaznavanje navedenih ob~utkov. Le ocena praga je zato premalo za ovrednotenje klini~ne slike. Upo{tevati moramo tudi, da lahko nevrolo{ka bolezen selektivno prizadene senzori~ni nevron na razli~nih ravneh, razli~ne populacije nevronov in njihove razli~ne dele. 199
10 MED RAZGL 1997; 36 A Slika 7. Von Freyevi laski za dolo~anje ob~utljivosti za dotik. A sinteti~ni laski so pritrjeni na dr`ala. B ob delovanju dolo~ene sile se laski upognejo. B 200
11 MEH D: PSIHOFIZIKALNE METODE Literatura 1. Green DM, Swets JA. Signal detection theory and psychophysics. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Swets JA, Tanner WP Jr, Birdsall TG. Decision processes in perception. Psychol Rev 1961; 89: Coombs CH, Dawes RM, Tversky A. Mathematical psychology: an elementary introduction. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Francini F, Zoppi M, Maresca N, Procacci P. Skin potential and EMG changes induced by cutaneous electrical stimulation. 1. Normal man in arousing and non-arousing environment. Appl Neurophysiol 1979; 42: Meh D, Deni{li~ M. Influence of sympathetic activity, temperature, ischemia and diazepam on thermal and vibration thresholds. Pflügers Arch Eur J Physiol 1996; 431: R Meh D. Ocenjevanje toplote, hladu in bole~ine pri ~loveku. Magistrsko delo. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Meh D. Elektrofiziolo{ko in psihofizi~no ocenjevanje somatosenzori~nega in avtonomnega `iv~nega sistema. Doktorska disertacija. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Fruhstorfer H, Lindblom U, Schmidt WG. Method for quantitative estimation of thermal thresholds in patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1976; 39: Kenshalo DR. Psychophysical studies of temperature sensitivity. In: Neff WD, ed. Contributions to sensory physiology. New York: Academic Press, 1970: Swerup C, Nilsson BY. Dependence of thermal thresholds in man on the rate of temperature change. Acta Physiol Scand 1987; 131: Meh D, Deni{li~ M. Ocenjevanje ob~utkov toplote, hladu in bole~ine. Zdrav Vestn 1993; 62: Meh D, Deni{li~ M. Quantitative assessment of thermal and pain sensitivity. J Neurol Sci 1994; 127: Bessou P, Perl ER. Response of cutaneous sensory units with unmyelinated fibers to noxious stimuli. J Neurol Neurosurg 1969; 32: Ochoa J, Mair WGP. The normal sural nerve in man. I. Ultrastructure and numbers of fibres and cells. Acta Neuropathol 1969; 13: Jacobs JM, Love S. Qualitative and quantitative morphology of human sural nerve at different ages. Brain 1985; 108: Said G, Slama G, Selva J. Progressive centripetal degeneration of axons in small fibre diabetic polyneuropathy. Brain 1983; 106: Claus D, Mustafa C, Vogel W, Herz M, Neundörfer B. Assessment of diabetic neuropathy: definition of norm and discrimination of abnormal nerve function. Muscle Nerve 1993; 16: Hendriksen PH, Oey PL, Wieneke GH, Bravenboer B, van Huffelen AC. Subclinical diabetic polyneuropathy; early detection of involvement of different nerve fibre types. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56: Dyck PJ, Lambert EH. Dissociated sensation in amyloidosis. Compound action potential, quantitative histologic and teased-fiber, and electron microscopic studies of sural nerve biopsies. Archs Neurol 1969; 20: Aguayo AJ, Nair CPV, Bray GM. Peripheral nerve abnormalities in the Riley-Day symptome. Archs Neurol 1971; 24: Dyck PJ, Nichols PC. Quantitative measurement of sensation related to compound action potential and number and sizes of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers of sural nerve in health, Friedreich's ataxia, hereditary sensory neuropathy, and tabes dorsalis. In: Rémond A, ed. Handbook of electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. Vol. 9. Amsterdam; Elsevier, 1971: Kocen RS, King RH, Thomas PK, Haas LF. Nerve biopsy findings in two cases of Tangier disease. Acta Neuropathol 1973; 26: Ohnishi A, Dyck PJ. Loss of small peripheral sensory neurons in Fabry disease. Archs Neurol 1974; 31: Appenzeller O, Kornfeld M. Acute pandysautonomia. Archs Neurol 1973; 29: Deni{li~ M, Meh D. Neurophysiological assessment of peripheral neuropathy in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Investig 1994; 72: Deni{li~ M, Meh D. Sicca syndrome associated with asymmetric sensory and autonomic neuropathy. Neurol Cro 1994; 43:
12 MED RAZGL 1997; Deni{li~ M, Meh D. Early asymmetric neuropathy in primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Neurol 1997; 244: Deni{li~ M, Meh D, Popovi~ M, Kos Golja M. Small nerve fibre dysfunction in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome. Neurophysiological and morphological confirmation. Scand J Rheumatol 1995; 24: Boivie J. Sensory abnormalities in patients with central nervous system lesions as shown by quantitative sensory testing. In: Boivie J, Hansson P, Lindblom U, eds. Touch, temperature, and pain in health and disease. Mechanisms and assessment. Seattle: IASP Press, 1994: Goldberg JM, Lindblom U. Standardised method of determining vibratory perception thresholds for diagnosis and screening in neurological investigation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1979; 42: Nielsen VK. The vibration stimulus: effects of viscous-elastic resistance of skin on the amplitude of vibrations. Electroencephalogr clin Neurophysiol 1975; 38: Meh D, Deni{li~ M. Zaznavanje vibracije. Zdrav Vestn 1995; 64: Meh D, Deni{li~ M. Influence of age, temperature, sex, height and diazepam on vibration perception. J Neurol Sci 1995; 134: De Michele G, Filla A, Coppola N, et al. Influence of age, gender, height and education on vibration sense. A study by tuning fork in 192 normal subjects. J Neurol Sci 1991; 105: Johansson RS, Vallbo AB, Westlind G. Thresholds of mechanosensitive in the human hand as measured with von Frey hairs. Brain Res 1980; 184: Prispelo
Uporaba termotesta 3
MED RAZGL 2002; 41: 279 288 RAZISKOVALNI ^LANEK Du{ka Meh 1, Miro Deni{li~ 2 Uporaba termotesta 3 Usage of Thermotest IZVLE^EK KLJU^NE BESEDE: temperaturni ob~utek, bole~inski prag, Sjoegrenov sindrom,
More informationCorrespondence between neurological symptoms
British Journal ofindustrial Medicine 1989;46:570-574 Correspondence between neurological symptoms and outcome of quantitative sensory testing in the hand-arm vibration syndrome LENA EKENVALL,' GOSTA GEMNE,2
More informationA n epidemiological study has recently been carried out into
442 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Clinical validation of methods of diagnosis of neuropathy in a field study of United Kingdom sheep dippers D Buchanan, G A Jamal, A Pilkington, S Hansen... See end of article for authors
More informationRazmerje med aktivnostjo simpatika in parasimpatika pri testu z nagibno mizo 4
MED RAZGL 2003; 42: 17 28 RAZISKOVALNI ^LANEK Melita T. Kermavnar 1, Anton Grad 2, Bernard Megli~ 3 Razmerje med aktivnostjo simpatika in parasimpatika pri testu z nagibno mizo 4 The Ratio Between Sympathetic
More informationDiagnostic investigation of patients with chronic polyneuropathy: evaluation of a clinical guideline
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;71:205 209 205 Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands N R Rosenberg P Portegies M
More informationSENSORY FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN OF HUMANS
SENSORY FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN OF HUMANS SENSORY FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN OF HUMANS EDITED BY DAN R. KENSHALO Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida PLENUM PRESS NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress
More informationSomatosensory modalities!
Somatosensory modalities! The somatosensory system codes five major sensory modalities:! 1. Discriminative touch! 2. Proprioception (body position and motion)! 3. Nociception (pain and itch)! 4. Temperature!
More informationPain and Touch. Academic Press. Edited by Lawrence Kruger. Department of Neurobiology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California
Pain and Touch Edited by Lawrence Kruger Department of Neurobiology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California San Diego New York Sydney Academic Press London Boston Tokyo Toronto Contributors
More informationComparison of Sudomotor and Sensory Nerve Testing in Painful Sensory Neuropathies
138 Original Article Comparison of Sudomotor and Sensory Nerve Testing in Painful Sensory Neuropathies James M. Killian, MD,* Shane Smyth, MD,* Rudy Guerra, PhD, Ishan Adhikari, MD,* and Yadollah Harati,
More informationPeripheral Nerve Amyloidosis in Sural Nerve Biopsies. A Clinicopathologic Analysis of 13 Cases
Peripheral Nerve Amyloidosis in Sural Nerve Biopsies A Clinicopathologic Analysis of 13 Cases Bijal Rajani, MB, BS; Vakesh Rajani, MB, BS; Richard A. Prayson, MD Objective. Amyloidosis is a well-recognized
More informationHEMATURIJA PRI OTROCIH HAEMATURIA IN CHILDREN
HEMATURIJA PRI OTROCIH HAEMATURIA IN CHILDREN - ABSTRACT - - UVOD IN OPREDELITEV POJMOV Hematurija je prisotnost krvi v urinu. - - - mesecev. Lahko je - - Hematurija je sicer lahko pomemben znak bolezni
More informationMotor and sensory nerve conduction studies
3 rd Congress of the European Academy of Neurology Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 24 27, 2017 Hands-on Course 2 Assessment of peripheral nerves function and structure in suspected peripheral neuropathies
More informationAAEM PRACTICE TOPIC IN ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC MEDICINE
AAEM PRACTICE TOPIC IN ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC MEDICINE American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine 421 First Avenue S.W., Suite 300 East, Rochester, MN 55902 (507/288-0100) ABSTRACT: The development
More informationPrincipi PET-CT preiskave. Marko Grmek
Principi PET-CT preiskave Marko Grmek PET-CT PET pozitronska emisijska tomografija CT računalniška tomografija Fuzijska slika Detektor sevanja - PET skener - CT naprava PET-CT preiskava Radiofarmak - 18
More informationFEP Medical Policy Manual
FEP Medical Policy Manual Effective Date: October 15, 2018 Related Policies: None Quantitative Sensory Testing Description Quantitative sensory (QST) systems are used for the noninvasive assessment and
More informationThermosensory threshold: a sensitive test of HIV associated peripheral neuropathy?
Short Communication Journal of NeuroVirology (1998) 4, 433 ± 437 ã 1998 Journal of NeuroVirology, Inc. http://www.jneurovirol.com Thermosensory threshold: a sensitive test of HIV associated peripheral
More informationOn 8-10 February 1988, a conference on peripheral
Diabetic Neuropathy On 8-1 February 1988, a conference on peripheral neuropathy in diabetes was held in San Antonio, Texas, to review the progress achieved in this field over the past few years. A strong
More informationA Review of Neuropathic Pain: From Diagnostic Tests to Mechanisms
DOI 10.1007/s40122-017-0085-2 REVIEW A Review of Neuropathic Pain: From Diagnostic Tests to Mechanisms Andrea Truini Received: September 19, 2017 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication
More informationElectroneurographic parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome
Journal of Health Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Electroneurographic parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome Suljo Kuniæ 1 *, Emir Tupkoviæ 1,2, Mediha Nišiæ 1, Semiha Salihoviæ 1 1 Department
More informationSympathetic skin response-a method of assessing
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1984;47:536-542 Sympathetic skin response-a method of assessing unmyelinated axon dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies BHAGWAN T SHAHANI, JOHN J-HALPERIN,*
More informationراما ندى أسامة الخضر. Faisal Muhammad
22 راما ندى أسامة الخضر Faisal Muhammad Revision Last time we started talking about sensory receptors, we defined them and talked about the mechanism of their reaction. Now we will talk about sensory receptors,
More informationOur senses provide us with wonderful capabilities. If you had to lose one, which would it be?
Our senses provide us with wonderful capabilities. If you had to lose one, which would it be? Neurological disorders take away sensation without a choice! http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter04.html
More informationOn 8-10 February 1988, a conference
C O N S E N S U S S T A T E M E N T Diabetic Neuropathy On 8-1 February 1988, a conference on peripheral neuropathy in diabetes was held in San Antonio, Texas, to review the progress achieved in this field
More informationEvaluation of thermal, pain, and vibration sensation
Journal ofneurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1988;51:1420-1424 Evaluation of thermal, pain, and vibration sensation thresholds in newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetic patients DAN ZIEGLER, PETER MAYER,
More informationFITNESS AS DETERMINANTS OF BODY BALANCE IN ELDERLY MEN
Kinesiologia Slovenica, 12, 1, 39 47 (2006) Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, ISSN 1318-2269 39 Janusz Maciaszek BODY COMPOSITION AND MOTOR FITNESS AS DETERMINANTS OF BODY BALANCE IN ELDERLY MEN
More information1. Tactile sensibility. Use a wisp of cotton-wool or a fine camel-fir brush. If it is desired to test the sensibility or the skin to light touch over
SENSORY EXAMINATION 1. Tactile sensibility. Use a wisp of cotton-wool or a fine camel-fir brush. If it is desired to test the sensibility or the skin to light touch over a hairy part, it is essential to
More informationT he severity of a neuropathy is usually quantified by an
417 PAPER Neurophysiological testing correlates with clinical examination according to fibre type involvement and severity in sensory neuropathy J-P Lefaucheur, A Créange... See end of article for authors
More informationKim Chong Hwa MD,PhD Sejong general hospital, Division of endocrine & metabolism
Kim Chong Hwa MD,PhD Sejong general hospital, Division of endocrine & metabolism st1 Classification and definition of diabetic neuropathies Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy Diabetic autonomic neuropathy
More informationPESTICIDE INTAKE FROM VEGETABLES AND GRAIN IN FINLAND. Pirjo-Liisa PENTTILÄ 1
Zbornik predavanj in referatov 6. slovenskega posvetovanja o varstvu rastlin, str. 28-33 Zreče, 4. 6. marec 2003 PESTICIDE INTAKE FROM VEGETABLES AND GRAIN IN FINLAND Pirjo-Liisa PENTTILÄ 1 Ministry of
More informationA Practical Approach to Polyneuropathy SLOCUM DICKSON ANNUAL TEACHING DAY NOVEMBER 4, 2017
A Practical Approach to Polyneuropathy SLOCUM DICKSON ANNUAL TEACHING DAY NOVEMBER 4, 2017 Disclosures Research support from Cytokinetics, Inc Catalyst, Inc Editorial fees from UptoDate. Objectives Describe
More informationBi/CNS/NB 150: Neuroscience. November 11, 2015 SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM. Ralph Adolphs
Bi/CNS/NB 150: Neuroscience November 11, 2015 SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM Ralph Adolphs 1 Menu for today Touch -peripheral -central -plasticity Pain 2 Sherrington (1948): senses classified as --teloreceptive
More informationPathological changes in the vagus nerve in diabetes
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1987;50:1449-1453 Pathological changes in the vagus nerve in diabetes and chronic alcoholism Y-P GUO,* J G McLEOD, J BAVERSTOCK From the Department of
More informationWork, vibration, & the neurosensory system. Close effects Remote effects Stress and pressure
Work, vibration, & the neurosensory system Close effects Remote effects Stress and pressure Temporary neurosensory effects Reduced sensibility due to: - Temporary threshold shift Reduced motor control
More informationEpidermal Nerve Fiber and Schwann cell densities in the distal leg of Nine-banded Armadillos with Experimental Leprosy neuropathy
Epidermal Nerve Fiber and Schwann cell densities in the distal leg of Nine-banded Armadillos with Experimental Leprosy neuropathy Gigi J Ebenezer 1 Richard Truman 2 David Scollard 2 Michael Polydefkis
More informationINFLUENCE OF STEP AEROBICS TRAINING PROGRAMME ON CHOSEN DIMENSIONS OF MORPHOLOGICAL STATUS IN MALES
44 Sekuli}, D., Furjan-Mandi}, G., Kondri}, M. (2001). Influence of step aerobics training programme on KinSI 7(1 2), 44 48 Damir Sekuli}* Gordana Furjan- Mandi}** Miran Kondri~*** INFLUENCE OF STEP AEROBICS
More informationIndex. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 14 (2003) Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 14 (2003) 445 453 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Acid maltase deficiencies, electrodiagnosis of, 420, 422 Acquired peripheral neuropathy,
More informationVALIDITY OF TEST OF OBJECT RELATIONS (TOR) BASIC INFORMATIONS FOR RESEARCHERS
VALIDITY OF TEST OF OBJECT RELATIONS (TOR) BASIC INFORMATIONS FOR RESEARCHERS (unpublished and not lectured version work in progress) 2002 Gregor Zvelc, Institute for Integrative Psychotherapy and Counseling,
More informationHIV/AIDS UPDATE Janez Tomažič Klinika za infekcijske bolezni in vročinska stanja Katedra za infekcijske bolezni in epidemiologijo
HIV/AIDS UPDATE 2017 Janez Tomažič Klinika za infekcijske bolezni in vročinska stanja Katedra za infekcijske bolezni in epidemiologijo Patogeneza okužbe s HIV 1. Sesutje imunskega sistema KLINIČNE OPREDELITVE
More informationQuantitative Sensory Testing. Description. Section: Medicine Effective Date: April 15, 2016
2.01.39 Subject: Quantitative Sensory Testing Page: 1 of 11 Last Review Status/Date: March 2016 Quantitative Sensory Testing Description Quantitative sensory testing (QST) systems are used for the noninvasive
More informationPeripheral Neuropathies
Peripheral Neuropathies ELBA Y. GERENA MALDONADO, MD ACTING ASSISTANT PROFESSOR UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON MEDICAL CENTER Objectives Definition Neurophysiology Evaluation of polyneuropathies Cases Summary
More information6 Somatosensitivity, viscerosensititvity, proprioception and pain II
6 Somatosensitivity, viscerosensititvity, proprioception and pain II Simple Complex Receptors General Superficial somatosensors Deep viscerosensors Muscles, tendons, joints proprioceptors Special Part
More informationNERVE CONDUCTION STUDY AMONG HEALTHY MALAYS. THE INFLUENCE OF AGE, HEIGHT AND BODY MASS INDEX ON MEDIAN, ULNAR, COMMON PERONEAL AND SURAL NERVES
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 2, July 2006 (19-23) ORIGINAL ARTICLE NERVE CONDUCTION STUDY AMONG HEALTHY MALAYS. THE INFLUENCE OF AGE, HEIGHT AND BODY MASS INDEX ON MEDIAN, ULNAR,
More informationCutaneous thermal thresholds in patients with
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1991;54:877-881 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, London, UK S J M Smith Z Ali C J Fowler Correspondence
More informationEARLY IDENTIFICATION AND FOLLOW-UP OF PERIPHERAL AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHIES
EARLY IDENTIFICATION AND FOLLOW-UP OF PERIPHERAL AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHIES llestablish diagnosis llcontrol effectiveness of treatment llprovide quantitative data to adapt patient care and lifestyle 3 MINUTES
More informationHow can we go about studying the neuronal processes involved in sensation and perception?
How can we go about studying the neuronal processes involved in sensation and perception? quantified sensory input sensory coding psychophysi cs neuronal activity decoding, decision making percept, behavior
More informationRok Zba~nik**, Ga{per Gregori~***
MED RAZGL 1998; 37: 323 337 48-urno neinvazivno ambulantno merjenje krvnega tlaka pri bolnikih s kon~no ledvi~no odpovedjo, zdravljenih s pomo~jo hemodialize* 48-hour non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure
More informationTHE CONVENTIONAL TUNING FORK AS A QUANTITATIVE TOOL FOR VIBRATION THRESHOLD
THE CONVENTIONAL TUNING FORK AS A QUANTITATIVE TOOL FOR VIBRATION THRESHOLD MOHAMMED H. ALANAZY, MD, NUHA A. ALFURAYH, MBBS, SHAZA N. ALMWEISHEER, MBBS, BANDAR N. ALJAFEN, MBBS, and TAIM MUAYQIL, MBBS
More informationZdrav življenjski slog Zdrav krvni tlak. Svetovna liga za hipertenzijo
Zdravživljenjskislog Zdravkrvnitlak Svetovnaligazahipertenzijo Svetovnidan hipertenzije17.maj2012 Kajjehipertenzija? Hipertenzijajekroninostanje,kjerjekrvni tlakzvišan.mnogiljudjeimajozvišantlak mnogaleta,nedabisetegazavedali.
More informationSensory information processing, somato-sensory systems
mm? Sensory information processing, somato-sensory systems Recommended literature 1. Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM (2000) Principles of Neural Science, McGraw-Hill, Ch. xx. 2. Berne EM, Levy MN, Koeppen
More informationMaturation of corticospinal tracts assessed by electromagnetic stimulation of the motor cortex
Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1988, 63, 1347-1352 Maturation of corticospinal tracts assessed by electromagnetic stimulation of the motor cortex T H H G KOH AND J A EYRE Department of Child Health,
More informationMedical Policy. MP Quantitative Sensory Testing
Medical Policy MP 2.01.39 BCBSA Ref. Policy: 2.01.39 Last Review: 06/22/2017 Effective Date: 06/22/2017 Section: Medicine End Date: 06/26/2018 Related Policies 2.04.58 Nerve Fiber Density Testing DISCLAIMER
More informationTHE AFFERENT INNERVATION OF THE KIDNEY AND TESTIS OF TOAD
THE AFFERENT INNERVATION OF THE KIDNEY AND TESTIS OF TOAD AKIRA NIIJIMA* Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata Afferent impulses were recorded by Tower (1) from ramus
More informationWater immersion modulates sensory and motor cortical excitability
Water immersion modulates sensory and motor cortical excitability Daisuke Sato, PhD Department of Health and Sports Niigata University of Health and Welfare Topics Neurophysiological changes during water
More informationQuantitative Sensory Testing
Quantitative Sensory Testing Policy Number: 2.01.39 Last Review: 1/2018 Origination: 7/2008 Next Review: 7/2018 Policy Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas City (Blue KC) will not provide coverage for
More informationlymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia
Journal ofneurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 1979, 42, 519-523 Peripheral neuropathy in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia GIOVANNI TREDICI, MARIO MINAZZI, AND EMILIO LAMPUGNANI
More informationDifferentiation of conversive sensory loss and malingering by P300 in a modified oddball task
Pain 0 0 0 0 0 p Website publication January NeuroReport, () WE applied the methodology of evoked potentials (EP) to reveal the functional level of abnormality in a patient with circumscribed complete
More informationCoding of Sensory Information
Coding of Sensory Information 22 November, 2016 Touqeer Ahmed PhD Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences National University of Sciences and Technology Sensory Systems Mediate Four Attributes of
More informationDiagnosis of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy/ Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Small Fiber Neuropathy
PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION AT PAINMEDICINENEWS.COM Diagnosis of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy/ Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Small Fiber Neuropathy TODD LEVINE, MD Clinical Associate Professor University
More informationAFFERENT IMPULSES FROM SINGLE MYELINATED FIBERS IN SPLANCHNIC NERVES, ELICITED BY MECHANICAL STIMULATION OF TOAD'S VISCERA
AFFERENT IMPULSES FROM SINGLE MYELINATED FIBERS IN SPLANCHNIC NERVES, ELICITED BY MECHANICAL STIMULATION OF TOAD'S VISCERA AKIRA NIIJIMA Department Physiology, Niigata University School Medicine, Niigata
More informationOriginal Research Article
NERVE CONDUCTION STUDY IN CHILDREN WITH INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS Hannah John, Sahila M 2 Senior Resident, Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. 2Professor,
More informationPattern Visual Evoked Cortical Potentials in Patients With Toxic Optic Neuropathy Caused by Toluene Abuse
Pattern Visual Evoked Cortical Potentials in Patients With Toxic Optic Neuropathy Caused by Toluene Abuse Masahiro Kiyokawa, Atsushi Mizota, Michihiko Takasoh and Emiko Adachi-Usami Department of Ophthalmology,
More informationQuantitative Sensory Testing
Quantitative Sensory Testing Policy Number: 2.01.39 Last Review: 1/2019 Origination: 7/2008 Next Review: 7/2019 Policy Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas City (Blue KC) will not provide coverage for
More informationCompound Action Potential, CAP
Stimulus Strength UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN FACULTY OF MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTRODUCTION TO NEUROPHYSIOLOGY Spring, 2013 Textbook of Medical Physiology by: Guyton & Hall, 12 th edition
More informationBiomechanics of Pain: Dynamics of the Neuromatrix
Biomechanics of Pain: Dynamics of the Neuromatrix Partap S. Khalsa, D.C., Ph.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering The Neuromatrix From: Melzack R (1999) Pain Suppl 6:S121-6. NIOSH STAR Symposium May
More informationLateral view of human brain! Cortical processing of touch!
Lateral view of human brain! Cortical processing of touch! How do we perceive objects held in the hand?! Touch receptors deconstruct objects to detect local features! Information is transmitted in parallel
More informationA prospective study in patients with type 1 diabetes
Pathophysiology/Complications O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Early Electrophysiological Abnormalities and Clinical Neuropathy A prospective study in patients with type 1 diabetes LARS HYLLIENMARK, MD, PHD
More informationA family study of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Joturnal of Medical Genetics, 1982, 19, 88-93 A family study of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease A P BROOKS* AND A E H EMERY From the University Department of Human Genetics, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh
More information8 th EFIC PAIN SCHOOL IN: NEUROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS IN CHRONIC PAIN Clinical and instrumental processes 10 th - 13 th October 2016
Aim 8 th EFIC PAIN SCHOOL IN: NEUROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS IN CHRONIC PAIN Clinical and instrumental processes 10 th - 13 th October 2016 Many specialists from different countries and a variety of branches of
More information10 th EFIC BERGAMO PAIN SCHOOL IN: NEUROPATHIC PAIN 8 th - 11 th October 2018
10 th EFIC BERGAMO PAIN SCHOOL IN: NEUROPATHIC PAIN 8 th - 11 th October 2018 Aim The recognition that a disease or a lesion of the somatosensory system itself can be associated with the experience of
More informationat least in part, by observing the effect of raising body temperature on the evoked potentials. upper limit of the normal value for latency of
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 1979, 42, 250-255 Effect of raising body temperature on visual and somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with multiple sclerosis W. B. MATTHEWS,
More informationORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION. Value of the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in the Evaluation of Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Value of the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in the Evaluation of Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy Charlene Hoffman-Snyder, MSN, NP-BC; Benn E. Smith, MD; Mark A. Ross, MD; Jose
More informationEvoked skin sympathetic nerve responses in man
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1987;50:1015-1021 Evoked skin sympathetic nerve responses in man PAUL M SATCHELL, CHRISTOPHER P SEERS From the Sobell Department ofneurophysiology, Institute
More informationParadoxical heat sensation in healthy subjects: peripherally conducted by Aδ or C fibres?
Brain (1999), 122, 239 246 Paradoxical heat sensation in healthy subjects: peripherally conducted by Aδ or C fibres? Ehud Susser, 1 Elliot Sprecher 2 and David Yarnitsky 1,2 1 Technion Faculty of Medicine,
More informationCIDP + MMN - how to diagnose and treat. Dr Hadi Manji
CIDP + MMN - how to diagnose and treat Dr Hadi Manji Outline Introduction CIDP Diagnosis Clinical features MRI Nerve conduction tests Lumbar puncture Nerve biopsy Treatment IV Ig Steroids Plasma Exchnage
More informationSURAL NERVE CONDUCTION STUDIES USING ULTRASOUND-GUIDED NEEDLE
SURAL NERVE CONDUCTION STUDIES USING ULTRASOUND-GUIDED NEEDLE POSITIONING: INFLUENCE OF AGE AND RECORDING LOCATION Olivier Scheidegger, MD; Christina Kihm; Christian Philipp Kamm, MD; Kai Michael Rösler
More informationNerve pathologic features differentiate POEMS syndrome from CIDP
Piccione et al. Acta Neuropathologica Communications (2016) 4:116 DOI 10.1186/s40478-016-0389-1 RESEARCH Nerve pathologic features differentiate POEMS syndrome from CIDP Ezequiel A. Piccione 1, Janean
More informationSensory Assessment of Regional Analgesia in Humans
REVIEW ARTICLE Dennis M. Fisher, M.D., Editor-in-Chief Anesthesiology 2000; 93:1517 30 2000 American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. Sensory Assessment of Regional
More informationChapter 5 Test Review. Try the practice questions in the Study Guide and on line
Chapter 5 Test Review Try the practice questions in the Study Guide and on line Printing game plan Put six slides on a page Select pure black and white as the printing option Okay, now wade into the answers>>>>
More informationHuman nerve excitability
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, andpsychiatry, 1978, 41, 642-648 Human nerve excitability RICHARD E. MICHAEL P. POWERS", HERBERT M. SWICK, AND McQUILLEN From the Department of Neurology, University
More informationPolicy #: 066 Latest Review Date: October 2014
Name of Policy: Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) Policy #: 066 Latest Review Date: October 2014 Category: Medical Policy Grade: B Background/Definitions: As a general rule, benefits are payable under
More informationSENSORY NERVOUS SYSTEM & SENSORY RECEPTORS. Dr. Ayisha Qureshi Professor MBBS, MPhil
SENSORY NERVOUS SYSTEM & SENSORY RECEPTORS Dr. Ayisha Qureshi Professor MBBS, MPhil Sensory Deprivation Tank Is the world really as we perceive it? Is the world really as we perceive it? NO. The world
More informationPain Pathways. Dr Sameer Gupta Consultant in Anaesthesia and Pain Management, NGH
Pain Pathways Dr Sameer Gupta Consultant in Anaesthesia and Pain Management, NGH Objective To give you a simplistic and basic concepts of pain pathways to help understand the complex issue of pain Pain
More informationEmpirical Formula for Creating Error Bars for the Method of Paired Comparison
Empirical Formula for Creating Error Bars for the Method of Paired Comparison Ethan D. Montag Rochester Institute of Technology Munsell Color Science Laboratory Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science
More informationChanges in sensation after nerve injury or
3'ournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1993;56:393-399 393 Department of Neurology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester M13 9WL S Braune W Schady Correspondence to Dr W Schady, Department
More informationSomatic Sensation (MCB160 Lecture by Mu-ming Poo, Friday March 9, 2007)
Somatic Sensation (MCB160 Lecture by Mu-ming Poo, Friday March 9, 2007) Introduction Adrian s work on sensory coding Spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia Four somatic sense modalities Touch Mechanoreceptors
More informationInsulinska rezistenca pri bolnicah s sindromom policisti~nih ovarijev 1
MED RAZGL 29; 48: 25 217 RAZISKOVALNI ^LANEK Matja` Merc 2, Luka Notar 3, Andrej Jane`4 Insulinska rezistenca pri bolnicah s sindromom policisti~nih ovarijev 1 Insulin Resistance in Patients with Polycystic
More informationPrispelo: Sprejeto:
doi 10.2478/v10152-010-0031-8 Zdrav Var 2011; 50: 87-94 DISABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC NON-SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN: VALIDATION OF THE SLOVENE VERSION OF THE OSWESTRY DISABILITY INDEX OVIRANOST BOLNIKOV
More informationHow strong is it? What is it? Where is it? What must sensory systems encode? 9/8/2010. Spatial Coding: Receptive Fields and Tactile Discrimination
Spatial Coding: Receptive Fields and Tactile Discrimination What must sensory systems encode? How strong is it? What is it? Where is it? When the brain wants to keep certain types of information distinct,
More informationSpatial Coding: Receptive Fields and Tactile Discrimination
Spatial Coding: Receptive Fields and Tactile Discrimination What must sensory systems encode? How strong is it? What is it? Where is it? When the brain wants to keep certain types of information distinct,
More informationSensory coding and somatosensory system
Sensory coding and somatosensory system Sensation and perception Perception is the internal construction of sensation. Perception depends on the individual experience. Three common steps in all senses
More informationPrioritetni dejavniki tveganja v živilih. Urška Blaznik, dr. Stanislava Kirinčič, mag. Viviana Golja, Irena Veninšek Perpar
Prioritetni dejavniki tveganja v živilih Urška Blaznik, dr. Stanislava Kirinčič, mag. Viviana Golja, Irena Veninšek Perpar Svetovni dan zdravja 2015, nacionalni posvet o varnosti živil, 7. april 2015 Zakaj
More informationPSY 310: Sensory and Perceptual Processes 1
Touch PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 33 Why is the Braille system better? Vision and audition involve perception of objects from a distance Safe and dependent on the transfer of energy (light, air pressure)
More informationTouch PSY 310 Greg Francis. Lecture 33. Touch perception
Touch PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 33 Why is the Braille system better? Touch perception Vision and audition involve perception of objects from a distance Safe and dependent on the transfer of energy (light,
More informationThe near-nerve sensory nerve conduction in tarsal tunnel syndrome
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1985;48: 999-1003 The near-nerve sensory nerve conduction in tarsal tunnel syndrome SHN J OH, HYUN S KM, BASHRUDDN K AHMAD From the Department ofneurology,
More informationCollin County Community College. BIOL 2401 : Anatomy/ Physiology PNS
Collin County Community College BIOL 2401 : Anatomy/ Physiology PNS Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) PNS all neural structures outside the brain and spinal cord Includes sensory receptors, peripheral nerves,
More informationCHAPTER 10 THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM
CHAPTER 10 THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM 10.1. SOMATOSENSORY MODALITIES "Somatosensory" is really a catch-all term to designate senses other than vision, hearing, balance, taste and smell. Receptors that could
More informationA STUDY OF ASSESSMENT IN PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DETECTED THYROID DISORDERS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING INSTITUTE
A STUDY OF ASSESSMENT IN PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DETECTED THYROID DISORDERS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING INSTITUTE Rajan Ganesan 1, Marimuthu Arumugam 2, Arungandhi Pachaiappan 3, Thilakavathi
More informationProf Wayne Derman MBChB,BSc (Med)(Hons) PhD, FFIMS. Pain Management in the Elite Athlete: The 2017 IOC Consensus Statement
Prof Wayne Derman MBChB,BSc (Med)(Hons) PhD, FFIMS Pain Management in the Elite Athlete: The 2017 IOC Consensus Statement 2 as 20 Experts published and leaders in their respective field 12 month lead in
More informationSOMATIC SENSATION PART I: ALS ANTEROLATERAL SYSTEM (or SPINOTHALAMIC SYSTEM) FOR PAIN AND TEMPERATURE
Dental Neuroanatomy Thursday, February 3, 2011 Suzanne S. Stensaas, PhD SOMATIC SENSATION PART I: ALS ANTEROLATERAL SYSTEM (or SPINOTHALAMIC SYSTEM) FOR PAIN AND TEMPERATURE Reading: Waxman 26 th ed, :
More information