Ciguatera Fish Poisoning & Dengue Fever

Transcription

1 Ciguatera Fish Poisoning & Dengue Fever

2 Who Am I Why I m Here Why It s Important

3 Warmer and drier Warmer and drier years ahead More intense hurricanes More intense rainfall Increased sea surface temperatures

4 What this means for dengue Warmer temps increase mosquito production More rainfall means more water for mosquito breeding More mosquitoes could lead to more dengue What this means for ciguatera Increased SSTs lead to coral die-offs (86ºF) Coral die-offs lead to increased algae growth Increased algae growth could lead to increased ciguatera fish poisoning Photo by Wolcott Henry

5 Caribbean Ciguatera Gambierdiscus toxicus Grows best at 84ºF Long-term SST data shows # of days above 84ºF has nearly doubled (44 to 86 days) Today s SST 84.9ºF

6 Builds up in fish and humans through bioaccumulation Worldwide over 400 species of fish LIKELY to contain ciguatoxin Typically large predatory fish like grouper, snapper, eels, mackerel, amberjack, and barracuda

7 50,000 to 500,000 sick every year worldwide 3% (or over 3,000 people) in the USVI Only 1,000 th of an M&M to make you sick

8 Symptoms (over 150) Gastrointestinal Cardiovascular Neurological Duration 1-2 weeks Sometimes months to years Relapses due to fish, nuts, caffeine, or alcohol l Only 1% are sick enough to die

9 Odorless, tasteless, and colorless Can t be destroyed by cooking, freezing, etc. Myths haven t proven effective at detecting Best way is to be careful about the fish you eat type and where its caught Also, avoid eating organs, head, and roe

10 Limited Treatment Targets Symptoms Anti-nausea nausea meds Anti-diarrheal meds No antidote No vaccine No immunity

11 Four Stages Eggs Larvae or Wriggles Pupae or Tumblers Adults Container Breeders Interesting ti Facts Eggs can last up to 1 yr 1 wk from egg to adult Only needs 1 TBSP water Nectar for both; blood for female Fly mph

12 Mosquito Targeting g CO2 (60 ft) Heat/Moisture Vision Sick Human Mosquito Sick Human Can t have humanhuman transmission Needs at least 1 week to incubate in the mosquito Aedes aegypti Prefers indoors During the day Approaches from behind

13 50 million worldwide; 1 in 130 USVI Four varieties (serotypes) Immunity to one variety after illness but not all Second infection complicates illness hospital immediately No Vaccine

14 Dengue Fever 1-3 days after infected mosquito bite Some only get silent infections (no symptoms) Otherwise high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, breakbone, sometimes a rash or bleeding Fever from 3-7 days; weakness for several weeks Possible dengue hemorraghic fever complications after fever breaks Treatment bed rest, Tylenol (not aspirin or ibuprofen), and rehydration IF SICK AVOID ADDITIONAL MOSQUITO BITES!!!

15 DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER Can happen during first or later infections Symptoms Severe stomach pain Bleeding of the skin, nose, or gums Drowsy or irritable Cold, clammy skin GET THEM TO THE HOSPITAL RIGHT AWAY!!! DENGUE SHOCK SYNDROME Happens in extremely severe cases Symptoms Altered heartbeat Drop in blood pressure GET THEM TO THE HOSPITAL RIGHT AWAY!!!

16 Eliminate container breeding areas Eliminate standing water and clean out containers every week Keep mosquitoes out of the house Avoid dark colors Build a bat house

17 Three major outbreaks past 25 yrs (88-90; 95-97; 04-05) During % cases DHF; 2 people developed DSS and died Outbreaks associated with El Nino (during and the year after) Most recent El Nino June 09 May 10 STT saw increase in dengue latter half 2010 Currently ENSO neutral through the end of the year?

18 True or False climate change will affect our health. Through what two illnesses? What four letter organism causes CFP? True or False you can taste & smell the ciguatoxin.

19 True or False - Ciguatoxin can be destroyed by cooking. Name 3 fish to watch out for. Dengue is caused by a? True or False dengue needs a mosquito.

20 Name three ways to prevent mosquito bites. If you get sick a second time or develop DHF or DSS what should you do?

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