ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION. A minimalist model of code switching THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK. Quadros, Lillo Mar/n, & Chen Pichler

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1 Two Languages But One Computa2on: Code Blending in Bimodal Bilingual Development Ronice Müller de Quadros Universidade Federal de SC Diane Lillo Mar2n University of Connec/cut Deborah Chen Pichler Gallaudet University TISLR 2010 Purdue University ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Warm thanks to: bimodal bilingual children and their families research assistants Financial support from: Award Number R01DC from the Na/onal Ins/tutes of Health (Na/onal Ins/tute on Deafness and Other Communica/on Disorders). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIDCD or the NIH. The Gallaudet Research Ins/tute. CNPq (Brazilian Na/onal Council of Technological and Scien/fic Development) Grant #200031/ and #470111/ Intermodality INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Studies of intermodal language development can help us becer understand the architecture of the human capacity for language. There is licle conflict between the ar/culatory mechanisms of signed and spoken languages, so it is an excellent popula/on in which to test ques/ons of language design. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK One Computa/on Lillo Mar/n, Quadros, Koulidobrova & Chen Pichler (2009) MacSwan s (2000, 2005) Minimalist Model of Code Switching Plus concepts from Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993, Idsardi & Raimy 2010, Siddiqi 2010) cf. Liceras et al A minimalist model of code switching MacSwan (2000, 2005) Code switching can be accounted for using only the mechanisms needed to describe monolingual competence MacSwan s model as illustrated by Cantone & Müller (2005) 1

2 Distributed Morphology One Computa/on Important Notes: In the first steps, there are only abstract hierarchical features and roots with no phonological material (no language specifica/on). At VI, elements from either language can be inserted as long as the Vocabulary Items match (do not conflict) in features (may lead to code switching or cross linguis/c influence). Elements from both languages may be inserted if they do not compete for ar/cula/on (code blending). Predic/ons One proposi/on may be expressed in either or both modali/es Bilinguals will not produce two different ucerances simultaneously i.e., will not produce: One proposi/on in sign while two are produced in speech (or vice versa) One proposi/on in sign while a different one is produced in speech (or vice versa) BINATIONAL STUDY OF BIMODAL BILINGUAL LANGUAGE ACQUISITION We examine the development of a sign language and a spoken language in two language pairs: Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) and Brazilian Portuguese (BP) American Sign Language (ASL) and English (E) Par/cipants Data analyzed for the current presenta/on Name Lang s Age Range Igor Libras / BP 2;01 2;11 Ben ASL / AE 2;01 2;06 Lex ASL / AE 3;03 3;09 Tom ASL / AE 2;04 2;07 Sess ns # Coded UI s All par/cipants have at least one Deaf parent and rela/vely equal exposure to both sign and spoken languages. Bimodality under One Computa/on Modality Speech Sign Bimodal Bimodal Types Bimodal Overlap Bimodal Redundancy 2

3 3 Modality Bimodal Types Bimodal Overlap Included Included Mismatch Mismatch Bimodal Overlap Bimodal Redundancy Poten/al Counterexamples 1 Timing overlap Mul/s Igor (2;10)

4 Lengthening Holding or repea/ng of the sign or word Used as a conversa/onal strategy Holding acen/on Maintaining the topic Cohesion across ucerances Repairs (Bennec Kastor 1994; Huang 2010) Poten/al Counterexamples 2 Timing overlap Mismatches Coordina/on Children are s/ll developing the ability to coordinate well manual and vocal outputs Repe//on is used to repair the ill coordinated /ming Poten/al Counterexamples 3 Non redundancy Igor (2;07) One Proposi/on According to our model, these are not counterexamples as long as combined they express one proposi/on Look, she s sick This one is black. I want that toy. CONCLUSIONS Mul/ple kinds of blending are possible with mul/ple ar/culators. Our model, incorpora/ng MacSwan s proposals for code switching and concepts from Distributed Morphology, can capture these possibili/es. 4

5 CONCLUSION One proposi/on is one computa/on with intermodal expression. Signed words Facial expressions One proposi2on Gestures Spoken words SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Bennec Kastor, T. (1994) Repe//on in language development: From interac/on to cohesion. In Johnstone, B. (Ed.), Repe--on in Discourse: Interdisciplinary Perspec-ves, Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Cantone, K. & Müller, N. (2005) Codeswitching at the interface of language specific lexicons and the computa/onal system. Interna-onal Journal of Bilingualism 9(2), Chen Pichler, D. & Quinn, L. (2008) Two sources for ASL English mixing by young bimodal bilinguals. IASCL. Dona/, C & Branchini, C. (2009) Simultaneous grammars: two word orders but only one morphology. ESSLLI. Emmorey, K., Borinstein, H., Thompson, R. & Gollan, T. (2008) Bimodal bilingualism. Bilingualism: L&C 11(1), Halle, M. & Marantz, A. (1993) Distributed Morphology and the pieces of inflec/on. In Hale, K. & Keyser, S.J. (Eds.), The View from Building 20, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Huang, C. C. (2010) Other repe//on in Mandarin child language: A discourse pragma/c perspec/ve. Journal of Pragma-cs 42(3), Idsardi, W. & Raimy, E. (2010) Three types of lineariza/on and the temporal aspects of speech. In Biberauer, T. & Roberts, I. (Eds.), Principles of Lineariza-on. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Liceras, J. M., Spradlin, K. T. & Fernández Fuertes, R. (2005) Bilingual early func/onal lexical mixing and the ac/va/on of formal features. Interna-onal Journal of Bilingualism 9(2), Lillo Mar/n, D., Quadros, R.M., Koulidobrova, H. & Chen Pichler, D. (2010) Bimodal bilingual cross language influence in unexpected domains. Proceedings of GALA MacSwan, J. (2000) The architecture of the bilingual language faculty: Evidence from code switching. Bilingualism: L&C 3(1), MacSwan, J. (2005) Codeswitching and genera/ve grammar. Bilingualism: L&C 8(1), Siddiqi, D. (2010) Distributed morphology. Language and Linguis-cs Compass 4(7), Pe/co, L.A., et al. (2001) Bilingual signed and spoken language acquisi/on from birth: Implica/ons for the mechanisms underlying early bilingual language acquisi/on. Journal of Child Language 28(2), Van den Bogaerde, B. & Baker, A. E. (2005) Code mixing in mother child interac/on in deaf families. Sign Language & Linguis-cs 8(1/2),