Index. Note: Page numbers followed by f and t indicate figures and tables, respectively.

Transcription

1 Index Note: Page numbers followed by f and t indicate figures and tables, respectively. A Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB), 76, 93 ABR. See auditory brainstem response (ABR) acoustic neuroma audiometric criteria for, 25 stacked ABR findings with, 39 40, 39f acoustic reflex, 27 acoustic reflex decay definition, 29 negative, 29, 30f positive, 29, 30f testing, 29 equipment, calibration, 12, 14f acoustic reflex threshold (ART) clinical significance, 27 28, 28f definition, 27 interpretation, 28, 29t measurement, 28, 28f, 29f testing, equipment, calibration, 12, 14f adaptation test, 50, 51f AEP. See auditory evoked potential(s) (AEP) air-bone gap, 18, 23 air-conduction (AC) testing, 14 16, 15f, 23 interaural attenuation for, 17, 17f masking for, 17, 17f thresholds obtained via, 16 alarm clock(s), amplified/vibrating, 94, 94f alerting systems, 93, 94 Alexander s law, 54 American National Standards Institute (ANSI), standards for audiometric calibration, 12 for hearing aids, for maximum permissible ambient noise levels (MPANLs), 14, 15t amplitude scaling, on motor control test, 48 49, 49f ANSI. See American National Standards Institute (ANSI) APHAB. See Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) aphysiologic pattern on motor control test, 49, 50f on sensory organization test, 45f, 46 47, 47f ART. See acoustic reflex threshold (ART) audiogram(s), 16 interpretation, 21 symbols used in, 16, 16f audiometer(s), calibration, 12, 13f audiometric equipment, calibration, 12, 13f, 14f audiometric symbols, 16, 16f 97

2 98 Index audiometric testing, maximum allowable noise level for, 14, 15t auditory brainstem response (ABR), 35 clinical applications, 37 interpretation, normal values in, 37t neurodiagnostic, otoneurologic, pathology-related patterns, stacked, 39 40, 39f testing, abnormal results, 38f normal results, 38f threshold, 37 waveform, 36 auditory evoked potential(s) (AEP) interpretation, 34 testing, 34 azimuth, 2 3, 3f B background noise, and speech recognition, 9 Baha. See hearing aid(s), boneanchored (Baha) benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), 56 57, 56f characteristics, by affected canal, 56 57, 57t binaural hearing, advantages, 9 11 binaural squelch, 11, 83 binaural summation, 9 10, 10f, 83 Bing test, 31, 32t bone-conduction (BC) testing, 14 16, 15f, 23 interaural attenuation for, 18 masking for, 17f, 18, 18f thresholds obtained via, 16 bone vibrator, 31 BPPV. See benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) BTE hearing aids. See hearing aid(s), behind-the-ear (BTE) C calibration, audiometric, 12, 13f, 14f requirements for, 12 standards for, 12 caloric testing abnormal results on, methods, canalithiasis, 57 Carhart s notched, 21 CDP. See computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) center of gravity (COG) alignment, 44f, 47 center of gravity (COG) scores, CHAMP, 40, 40f Characteristics of Amplification Tool (COAT), 76 CHL. See conductive hearing loss (CHL) CIC hearing aids. See hearing aid(s), completely-in-the-canal (CIC) Client-Oriented Scale of Improvement (COSI), 76, 93 COAT. See Characteristics of Amplification Tool (COAT) cochlear hearing loss, recruitment and, 5 cochlear hydrops analysis masking procedure. See CHAMP cochlear pathology, ABR pattern with, 38 cocktail party effect, 11 COG. See center of gravity (COG) computerized dynamic posturography (CDP), 42 clinical applications, 51 limitations, 52 conductive hearing loss (CHL), 21 ABR pattern with, 38 audiogram for, 23, 24f consonant(s), frequency spectrum of, 8 and speech recognition, 8, 8f

3 Index 99 COSI. See Client-Oriented Scale of Improvement (COSI) COWS acronym, 58 CROS. See hearing aid(s), CROS system cupulolithiasis, 57 cvemp. See vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test, from sternocleidomastoid muscle D db. See decibel(s) (db) db HL. See decibels in hearing level (db HL) db IL. See decibels intensity level (db IL) db SPL. See decibels in sound pressure level (db SPL) decibel(s) (db), definition, 1 decibels in hearing level (db HL) definition, 1 equivalent db SPL, 1, 1f, 12 reference level for, 1, 1f with speech awareness threshold, 2 with speech recognition threshold, 2 decibels in sound pressure level (db SPL) auditory threshold for, at audiometric frequencies, 1, 1f definition, 1 equivalent to 0 db HL, 1, 1f, 12 reference level for, 1 vs. db IL, 1 2, 2t decibels intensity level (db IL) definition, 1 reference level for, 1 vs. db SPL, 1 2, 2t detection. See also speech awareness threshold (SAT) definition, 2 difference limen (DL), 9, 10f directional microphone(s), 80 82, 81f polar patterns, 81, 81f directional preponderance, of nystagmus response from caloric stimulation, 59 discrimination. See also word recognition score (WRS) definition, 2 distortion product (DP) gram, 33, 34f distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), 32 interpretation, 33 measurement, 33 Dix-Hallpike maneuver, 55 56, 56f DPOAE. See distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) DR. See dynamic range (DR) DSL v5.0 prescriptive method for hearing aid(s), 89 DSVV. See dynamic subjective visual vertical (DSVV) test dynamic range (DR), 6, 6f dynamic subjective visual vertical (DSVV) test, 64 67, 65f E ear canal volume (ECV) abnormal, 26, 27f definition, 26 normal values, 26, 26t earmold(s), 85, 85f ECochG. See electrocochleography (ECOG, ECochG) ECOG. See electrocochleography (ECOG, ECochG) ECV. See ear canal volume (ECV) electrocochleography (ECOG, ECochG), 34 35, 35f, 36f EQ. See equilibrium score (EQ) equilibrium score (EQ), 43 45, 44f composite, 45

4 100 Index eye movement(s). See nystagmus; pursuit abnormalities; saccades F feedback definition, 82 in hearing aids, management, feedback cancellation systems, 83 fixate suppress and nystagmus response from caloric stimulation, 59 and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), 63 FM system, personal, 93 f o. See fundamental frequency (f o ) frequency. See also fundamental frequency (f o ) definition, 7 just noticeable difference for, 9, 10f fundamental frequency (f o ), 7, 7f G gaze nystagmus test, 55 H HAE. See hearing aid evaluation (HAE) HAF. See hearing aid fitting (HAF) harmonics, 7, 7f HAT. See hearing assistance technology (HAT) head shadow effect, 3 headshake nystagmus, 55 hearing aid(s) amplifier for, 80, 80f ANSI standards for, S , 86, 88, 88f S , 86 88, 87f basic sound processing in, 80, 80f behind-the-ear (BTE), 78 79, 78f earmold styles for, 85, 85f open-fit, 78f, 79, 79f tubing for, 85 and bilateral amplification, 83 bone-anchored (Baha), 84 85, 84f candidacy for determination, otologist/ physician and, 75 evaluation for, 75 completely-in-the-canal (CIC), 78, 78f coupler measurements, CROS system, 84 85, 84f traditional wireless, 84, 84f transcranial, 84 directional mode, DSL v5.0 prescriptive method for, 89 electroacoustic assessment, 86, 87f feedback, management, frequency channels, 82 in-the-canal (ITC), 78, 78f in-the-ear (ITE), 78, 78f and medical clearance for amplification, 75 microphone for, 80, 80f. See also directional microphone(s) and monaural amplification, 83 NAL-NL1 prescriptive method for, 89 90, 89f, 90f and noise reduction, 82 omnidirectional mode, prescriptive targets for, real ear measurements (REMs) for, 89, 89f 92f, receiver for, 80, 80f styles, 78 79, 78f TransEar, 84 85, 84f for unilateral hearing loss, 84 85, 84f validation, 93 venting, 85 86, 86f verification, 93 hearing aid evaluation (HAE), hearing aid fitting (HAF), 75, 76

5 Index 101 verification, 76, 93 hearing assistance technology (HAT), 93 94, 94f hearing loss asymmetrical, 30 conductive. See conductive hearing loss (CHL) configuration, 21, 22f flat, 21, 22f fragmentary (corner), 21, 22f high-frequency, 21, 22f inverted trough, 21, 22f notched, 21, 22f precipitous, 21, 22f rising, 21, 22f sloping, 21, 22f gradual, 21 precipitous, 21 sharp, 21 trough, 21, 22f functional, differential diagnosis, 30 magnitude, 21, 21t mixed, 21, 23 audiogram for, 23, 24f noise-induced, 21, 23 sensorineural. See sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) type, 21 unilateral, 30 hearing aid options for, 84 85, 84f and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test, 69 hertz (Hz), 7 Hz. See hertz (Hz) I ILD. See interaural level difference (ILD) immitance audiometer(s), 25, 25f calibration, 12, 14f infrared listening system, 93 intensity, just noticeable difference for, 9, 10f interaural attenuation, 17, 17f for air-conduction (AC) testing, 17, 17f for bone-conduction (BC) testing, 18 interaural level difference (ILD), 3, 4f interaural spectral differences, 3 interaural time difference (ITD), 4, 4f, 5f ITC hearing aids. See hearing aid(s), in-the-canal (ITC) ITD. See interaural time difference (ITD) ITE hearing aids. See hearing aid(s), in-the-ear (ITE) J jnd. See just noticeable difference (jnd) Jongkee s formula, 58 just noticeable difference (jnd) definition, 9 for frequencies, 9, 10f for intensity, 9, 10f L latency, on motor control test, 48 49, 49f LDLs. See loudness discomfort levels (LDLs) LGOB. See Loudness Growth in Octave Bands (LGOB) loudness rapid growth of, 5 recruitment, 5 6, 5f loudness discomfort levels (LDLs), 92 definition, 76 measurement, 76 78, 77f Loudness Growth in Octave Bands (LGOB), 5 6, 5f loudness scale, 77, 77t M MAA. See minimum audible angle (MAA)

6 102 Index malingering, differential diagnosis, 30 masking. See also CHAMP for air-conduction (AC) testing, 17, 17f backward, 9 for bone-conduction (BC) testing, 17f, 18, 18f definition, 9 downward spread of, 9 for non-test ear, 17, 17f for speech audiometry, 17 for speech recognition threshold, 20 upward spread of, 9 for word recognition testing, 20 maximum compliance abnormal, 26 27, 27f definition, 26 normal values, 26, 26t maximum permissible ambient noise levels (MPANLs), for audiometric testing, 14, 15t medical clearance for amplification, 75 Meniere s disease, 23 differential diagnosis, 35, 40 headshake nystagmus in, 55 MEP. See middle ear pressure (MEP) microphone(s). See also directional microphone(s) hearing-aid, 80, 80f middle ear pressure (MEP) abnormal, 26, 27f definition, 26 normal values, 26, 26t minimum audible angle (MAA), 2 3, 3f MLV. See monitored live voice (MLV) monitored live voice (MLV), 19 motor control test, 48 49, 49f, 50f amplitude scaling on, 48 49, 49f aphysiologic pattern on, 49, 50f latency on, 48 49, 49f weight symmetry on, 48 49, 49f MPANLs. See maximum permissible ambient noise levels (MPANLs) N NAL-NL1 prescriptive method for hearing aid(s), 89 90, 89f, 90f narrow-band noise (NBN), in masking for pure tone testing, 17 National Acoustic Laboratories (NAL), NAL-NL1 prescriptive method for hearing aids, 89 90, 89f, 90f NBN. See narrow-band noise (NBN) noise-induced hearing loss, 8 noise reduction, hearing aids and, 82 non-test ear (NTE), masking for, 17, 17f NTE. See non-test ear (NTE) nystagmus. See also optokinetic nystagmus (OPK/OKN) test gaze-evoked, 55 positional, 55 positioning, post-headshake, 55 response from caloric stimulation, 58 directional preponderance, 59 fixate suppress and, 59 spontaneous of central origin, 54 characteristics, and origin, 54 classification, 54 measurement, 54 of peripheral origin, 54 O OAE. See otoacoustic emissions (OAE) occlusion effect (OE), 79

7 Index 103 ocular counter-roll, 64, 66 OE. See occlusion effect (OE) open-fit behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aid(s), 78f, 79, 79f receiver-in-the-aid (RITA), 79, 79f receiver-in-the-ear (RITE), 79, 79f optokinetic nystagmus (OPK/OKN) test, 63 64, 64f otoacoustic emissions (OAE). See also distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE); transientevoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) clinical significance, 32 definition, 32 measurement, 32 otoconia, 57 ovemp. See vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test, from extraocular muscles P pitch, 7 presbycusis, 8, 23 pure tone audiometry, See also air-conduction (AC) testing; bone-conduction (BC) testing thresholds obtained via, 16 pure tone sinewave, 7, 7f pursuit abnormalities, 54, 54f R real ear aided response (REAR) measurement(s), real ear front-to-back ratio measurement, 92, 92f real ear insertion gain (REIG) measurement(s), 90f, real ear measurements (REMs), for hearing aid(s), 89, 89f 92f, real ear saturation response (RESR 90 ), 77, 89f, 90 real ear SPL measurement(s), 89f, real ear unaided gain (REUG) measurement(s), REAR. See real ear aided response (REAR) measurement(s) receiver-in-the-aid (RITA) open-fit BTE hearing aid(s), 79, 79f receiver-in-the-ear (RITE) open-fit BTE hearing aid(s), 79, 79f recruitment definition, 5 sensorineural hearing loss and, 5 6, 5f REIG. See real ear insertion gain (REIG) measurement(s) REMs. See real ear measurements (REMs) RESR 90. See real ear saturation response (RESR 90 ) retrocochlear pathology ABR findings with, 38 39, 38f and acoustic reflex decay, 29 audiometric findings with, 25 REUG. See real ear unaided gain (REUG) measurement(s) Rinne test, 31, 32t RITA. See receiver-in-the-aid (RITA) open-fit BTE hearing aid(s) RITE. See receiver-in-the-ear (RITE) open-fit BTE hearing aid(s) rotational chair test, 60, 61f. See also step velocity test clinical applications, 66 limitations, and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) assessment, 60 62, 61f S saccades, abnormalities, 53, 53f saccadic pursuit, 54, 54f

8 104 Index SAT. See speech awareness threshold (SAT) Schwabach test, 31 sensorineural hearing loss dynamic range for, 6, 6f and loudness recruitment, 5 6, 5f sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), 21 audiogram for, 23, 24f sudden, 23 sensory organization test (SOT), aphysiologic pattern, 45f, 46 47, 47f and center of gravity (COG) scores, equilibrium score (EQ) calculated from, 43 45, 44f inter-trial variability on, 47, 47f pathology-related patterns on, 45 47, 46f sensory analysis graph, 44f, 48 six conditions for, 42 43, 43f strategy analysis, 44f, 48 support surface dependence pattern, 45f, 46 sway patterns on, 47, 47f vestibular dysfunction pattern, 45 46, 45f vestibular loss pattern, 45f, 46, 46f vision preference pattern, 45f, 46 visual dependence pattern, 45f, 46 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) definition, 11 directional microphones and, 81 improvement, needed by hearing-impaired listener to equal normal hearing, 11, 11f monaural listening and, 11 single-sided deafness (SSD). See hearing loss, unilateral SLM. See sound level meter (SLM) smooth pursuit test, 54, 54f SNHL. See sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) SOT. See sensory organization test (SOT) sound(s) high-frequency, localization, 3, 4f low-frequency, localization, 4, 4f sound level meter (SLM), 12 sound localization, 83 psychoacoustic properties affecting, 3 4, 4f, 5f speech audiometry, masking for, 17 speech awareness threshold (SAT), 2, 19 speech recognition background noise and, 9 frequency spectrum of vowels vs. consonants and, 8, 8f upward spread of masking and, 9 speech recognition threshold (SRT), 2 determination, interpretation, 19, 19t masking for, 20 SPL-O-Gram, 89f, 92 spondee words, used to establish speech recognition threshold (SRT), SRT. See speech recognition threshold (SRT) SSCD. See superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) SSD (single-sided deafness). See hearing loss, unilateral SSNHL. See sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), sudden stacked auditory brainstem response, 39 40, 39f static admittance, definition, 26 static compliance, 26 27, 27f Stenger test definition, 30

9 Index 105 interpretation, 30 technique for, 30 step velocity test, decreased/ prolonged time constant on, 61f, 62 subjective visual vertical (SVV), 64. See also dynamic subjective visual vertical (DSVV) test superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD), detection, 68 69, 69f support surface dependence, on sensory organization test, 45f, 46 SVV. See subjective visual vertical (SVV) T telephone, amplified, 93, 94, 94f TEOAE. See transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) TransEar, 84 85, 84f transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), 32 interpretation, 33, 33f measurement, TTY/TDD, 94 tuning fork test(s) clinical applications, 31 interpretation, 32t TV listening devices, 93, 94f tympanogram abnormal, 26, 27f normal, 26, 26f tympanometry definition, 25 equipment, 25, 25f calibration, 12, 14f normal values, 26, 26t technique for, U unilateral hearing loss (UHL). See hearing loss, unilateral utricular dysfunction, dynamic subjective visual vertical (DSVV) test for, 64 66, 65f V validation, of hearing aids, 93 velocity storage, 63 VEMP. See vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test vent(s)/venting, for hearing aids, 85 86, 86f verification, of hearing aids, 76, 93 vertigo. See benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) vestibular dysfunction, on sensory organization test, 45 46, 45f vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test, 67 68, 67f air-conducted, 67 68, 70 clinical applications, 70 from extraocular muscles, 67, 70 hearing loss and, 69 limitations, 70 response amplitude, 69 latency, 69 threshold, 68 significant findings on, 68 69, 69f from sternocleidomastoid muscle, 67 68, 67f, 68f, 70 vestibular loss, on sensory organization test, 45f, 46, 46f vestibulocollic reflex, assessment, 67 68, 67f vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), 42. See also visual vestibular ocular reflex (VVOR) test assessment, 60, 61f asymmetry, 61f, 62 failure to fixate suppress, 63 gain, 61f, 62 phase measures, 61f, 62

10 106 Index vestibulospinal reflex (VSR), evaluation, 42 videonystagmography. See videooculography (VOG) video-oculography (VOG), 42, 52, 52f clinical applications, 59 limitations, 60 significant findings on, vision preference, on sensory organization test, 45f, 46 visual dependence, on sensory organization test, 45f, 46 visual vestibular ocular reflex (VVOR) test, 63 VNG (videonystagmography). See video-oculography (VOG) VOR. See vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) vowel(s), frequency spectrum of, 8 and speech recognition, 8, 8f VVOR. See visual vestibular ocular reflex (VVOR) test W Weber test, 31, 32t weight symmetry, on motor control test, 48 49, 49f word list(s), for word recognition score, 19 word recognition score (WRS), 2 determination, interpretation, 20, 20t testing, masking for, 20 WRS. See word recognition score (WRS)