CLINICAL EVALUATION OF GINGIVAL SULCUS DEPTH IN PRIMARY DENTITION BY COMPUTERIZED, PRESSURE- SENSITIVE FLORIDA PROBE
|
|
- Ethelbert Blake
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 GMJ GULF MEDICAL JOURNAL ORAL PROCEEDINGS CLINICAL EVALUATION OF GINGIVAL SULCUS DEPTH IN PRIMARY DENTITION BY COMPUTERIZED, PRESSURE- SENSITIVE FLORIDA PROBE Anukriti Pathak 1 *, B. Nandlal 2 1Specialist Pediatric Dentist & Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Thumbay Hospital, Dubai; 2 Head of Department, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India *Presenting Author ABSTRACT Introduction: Knowledge of the norms of gingival sulcus depth is essential for the assessment of the extent of periodontal detachment as well as in the treatment of the affected tissue. In the past, the gingival sulcus depth in primary dentition has been measured by conventional periodontal probes and indigenously designed probes for more precise measurements. The periodontal probing system Florida Probe incorporates the advantages of constant probing force, precise electronic measurements, and computer storage of data. Various studies have been conducted using the Florida Probe system in permanent dentition. Objective: The aim of the study is to clinically evaluate the gingival sulcus depth in primary dentition using Florida Probe. Materials & Methods: A single examiner recorded the gingival sulcus depth of the 20 primary teeth, at six sites on each tooth, with computerized, pressure-sensitive Florida Probe. Results: The mean gingival sulcus depth in primary dentition as measured by Florida Probe (0.2 mm precision) was found to be 1.20 mm with a standard deviation of 0.25 mm. Conclusion: Florida Probe could be a better alternative to conventional probes to measure the gingival sulcus depth not only in permanent dentition but also in primary dentition. The advantages of constant force probing, a smaller tip diameter, accurate precision, and acceptance by children render the method appropriate for evaluating the gingival sulcus depth in primary dentition. Keywords: Computerized pressure-sensitive Florida Probe, gingival sulcus depth, primary dentition Citation: Pathak A, Nandlal B. Clinical evaluation of gingival sulcus depth in primary dentition by computerized, pressure-sensitive Florida Probe. Gulf Medical Journal. 2016;5(S1):S43 S51. INTRODUCTION Periodontal diseases in adults are often traced to the early years of life. Gingival diseases found in primary dentition may progress to jeopardize the periodontium of permanent teeth 1. This has aroused considerable interest in the study of gingival and periodontal diseases in children. Early diagnosis is important for successful treatment. Hence, it is imperative that children Correspondence: Dr. Anukriti Pathak, Specialist Pediatric Dentist and Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Thumbay Hospital, Dubai, UAE. dranukritipathak@gmail.com receive periodontal examination as part of their routine dental visits 2. Measuring the gingival sulcus depth is among the prime criteria to determine the onset of periodontal diseases 3. The gingival sulcus is a shallow V shaped groove, bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelial lining of the free gingival margin on the other side. It extends around the circumference of the tooth in the cervical region of the crown. The gingiva is attached to the tooth with the help of the junctional epithelium, located at the bottom of the gingival sulcus. The onset of periodontal disease is signified by the loss of attachment of the junctional 43
2 ANUKRITI PATHAK, B. NANDLAL epithelium from the tooth surface, resulting in a deepened gingival sulcus (also known as the periodontal pocket). Hence, measuring variation in the normal sulcus depth is critical in diagnosing periodontal disease. The knowledge of sulcus depth is also helpful in the restorative dentistry of primary teeth for the margin placement of the prefabricated crown below the marginal gingiva so that it does not impinge upon the epithelial attachment 3. The depth of the sulcus or tooth to be treated at the buccal margin should be measured as a baseline to properly trim the crown margins. As the buccal area presents the shallowest sulcus, a simple measurement would help determine how far apically the gingival margin of the crown should be placed to prevent damage to the gingival attachment 4. Thus, knowledge of the norms of gingival sulcus depth is essential not only for the assessment of the extent of periodontal detachment and in the treatment of the affected tissue but also for restorative procedures 3. Gingival sulcus depth has not been studied so extensively in primary dentition as in adult dentition. In 1966, Rosenblum et al. conducted a gingival sulcus depth study using a specially designed instrument on 29 children of 3 years to 6.2 years 5. It was found that the mean gingival sulcus depth for the entire primary dentition was 2.1 mm, with a range of 0.5 mm to 4.6 mm 5. Chawla et al. designed a new instrument made by various modifications in the amalgam carrier; they found the mean gingival sulcus depth to be 1.44 mm, with a range of 0.73 mm to 2.93 mm 3. Bimstein et al. evaluated gingival sulcus depth using a periodontal probe calibrated in millimeters 4. The average gingival sulcus depths around the primary maxillary and primary mandibular teeth were found to be 1.5 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively 4. In 2006, Gomes-Filho et al. evaluated the relationship among the age, gender, race, gingival width, and probing depth of primary teeth 6. The traditional method to record sulcus depth is using manual probing with a graduated periodontal probe. Because of the inaccuracy of manual pocket probing, in 1979, the National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR) in the US requested the development of more sensitive methods 7. The criteria were met by the Florida Research Group, which developed the Florida Probe system. It incorporates the advantages of constant probing force, precise electronic measurements, and computer storage of data 8. The present study is aimed at assessing the gingival sulcus depth in primary dentition by more sensitive methods, i.e., using computerized, pressure-sensitive Florida Probe, and evaluating the relationship among age, gender, and gingival sulcus depth. MATERIALS & METHODS The participants comprised 30 subjects (15 male and 15 female) aged 4 6 years who were randomly selected from JSS Public School in Mysore, India. They were classified into three groups (each with 10 subjects) on the basis of age and further (with five subjects each) on the basis of gender. Systemically healthy children with sets of firm primary teeth that had not undergone scaling and oral prophylaxis in the last six months were included in the study. The exclusion criteria comprised systemic disease; advanced gingivitis or gingival pathologies; pulpal pathogenesis; the evidence of caries at the buccal, lingual, or proximal surface; missing, supplementary, or mobile teeth; mixed dentition; malocclusion; parafunctional habits; and uncooperative children. During the first appointment, oral hygiene instructions were reinforced and recommendations were given for home use of fluoride-containing toothpastes and mouthrinsing solutions. The children were asked to perform oral hygiene measures under the supervision of their parents. The parents were offered an explanation of the study procedure; written informed consent was obtained from those who voluntarily agreed to have their children participate in the study. The study protocol described herein was approved by the college ethical committee concerning the use of human subjects in clinical examinations. 44
3 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF GINGIVAL SULCUS DEPTH IN PRIMARY DENTITION BY FLORIDA PROBE The subjects were recalled after seven days of reinforcement of oral hygiene instructions. A thorough history and complete dental examination were conducted on the recall appointments. Dental caries was recorded according to the Modified Møller s Index (1966) on a computerized proforma 9. The examination was only clinical. Subjects with dental caries grades 0, 1, and 2 at the occlusal surface, but with no evidence of caries at the buccal, lingual, and proximal surface were considered for the study. The Plaque Index (PI) of Silness and Löe (1964) was used to record the plaque 10, 11. Subjects with plaque scores of 0 and (excellent or good) were considered for the study. The Gingival Index (GI) of Löe and Silness (1967) was used to record gingival inflammation 11, 12. Subjects with scores of (healthy gingiva or mild gingivitis) were included in the study. The subjects were balanced for caries, gingivitis, and plaque using the Dental Caries Index, Gingival Index, and Plaque Index, respectively, for all age groups and genders. A custom-made occlusal stent was prepared for the maxillary and mandibular arches. The stent was prepared with self-cure clear resin using the sprinkle-on method on a cast model obtained from an alginate impression of each subject. It was created in a way that it covered the occlusal/incisal one-third on the buccal and lingual sides (thickness of about 2 3 mm). Vertical grooves were made on the stent using a straight fissure bur and contra-angled micromotor handpiece to guide the probes at six sites on each tooth: mesio-buccal (MB), mid-buccal (B), disto-buccal (DB), mesio-lingual (ML), mid-lingual (L), and disto-lingual (DL). The stent was made to fit on the occlusal/incisal surfaces of the teeth, and measurements were made using Florida Probe by placing it in the groove made on the stent. Measurement of Gingival Sulcus Depth with Florida Probe System FP32 version with PD/CEJ standard probe tips (Florida Probe Corporation, Gainesville, USA) were used in this study 13. The Florida Probe system comprises a probe handpiece, displacement transducer with digital readout, foot switch, computer interface, and personal computer. Study Conducted Using Florida Probe System as per Manufacturer s Instructions A single examiner recorded the gingival sulcus depth in 30 subjects (15 male and 15 female) using the Florida Probe system 13. The subjects were made to wear the occlusal stent. Pocket depth was measured at six sites per tooth: three facial and three lingual. To measure pocket depth, the tip of the probe was placed at the base of the sulcus, and the sleeve was brought to the gingival margin. As confirmed by the manufacturers, no changes were required to be made to the angulation or probing pressure of Florida Probe for the primary dentition. Florida Probe Pocket Depth Handpiece products, with a normal tip length of 10.8mm, were used 13. The tips were made from implant-grade titanium and marked with 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm blue bands for visual reference. They were 0.45 mm in diameter and had a straight wire design with a flat bottom and rounded corners. The standard model of the Florida Probe system comes with a 15 gm probing force set in the encoder 13. The Florida Probe software is designed for a maximum of 32 adult teeth. However, the missing tooth mode of the software was used to remove the molar teeth from each subject (leaving 20 teeth totally), to represent the primary teeth set found in children. Data entered directly from the Probe Handpiece products was recorded at 0.2 mm precision (1.2 mm, for example). It is expected that the higher precision numbers obtained from the Florida Probe data would help with increased accuracy and precision over manual probing. Statistical Analysis Statistical calculations were performed using the SPSS software for Windows, Version 16.0 (Statistical Presentation System Software, SPSS Inc., New York). The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure was carried out for each tooth type for the purpose of 45
4 ANUKRITI PATHAK, B. NANDLAL comparing any variations in gingival sulcus depth in the age groups of 4, 5, and 6. An independent sample t-test was performed for each tooth type for comparison between genders. A paired sample t-test was conducted for each tooth type to compare the maxillary and mandibular arches. Repeated measures ANOVA was performed in both males and females to compare the differences in the mean values of the gingival sulcus depth between the buccal and lingual surfaces for each tooth type. The significance levels were fixed at 5%, i.e., the 0.05 (significant), 0.01 (significant), or (highly significant) levels. Any probability value above 0.05 was considered nonsignificant. RESULTS Table 1 displays the descriptive data pertaining to the distribution of subjects according to age and gender. Table 1. Distribution of subjects according to age and gender Age groups No. of subjects Gender No. of teeth No. of sites Females Males N n Total Table 2. Age-wise variation of mean gingival sulcus depth by type of primary teeth Tooth Age N n Mean S. D. p value Maxillary central incisor * Mandibular central incisor Overall teeth S. D. Standard deviation, *<0.05 Significant 46
5 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF GINGIVAL SULCUS DEPTH IN PRIMARY DENTITION BY FLORIDA PROBE Significant variations in probing depth were observed among the three age groups for the maxillary second molar. The results were found to be non-significant for all the teeth (Table 2). Females were found to have significantly (p < 0.05) greater sulcus depth for the maxillary central incisors and mandibular second molars. The difference between the overall teeth of males and females was observed to be highly Table 3. Gender-wise variation of mean gingival sulcus depth by type of primary teeth significant (p < 0.001), with females having greater sulcus depth than males (Table 3). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in probing depth were observed for the central incisors. The mean of the probing depth for the maxillary arch was greater than that for the mandibular arch, though not statistically significant (Table 4). Tooth Gender N n Mean S. D. p value Maxillary central incisor M F * M F M F M F M F Mandibular central incisor M F M F M F M F M F * Overall teeth M F *** ***<0.001 Highly significant; *<0.05 Significant Table 4. Arch-wise variation of mean gingival sulcus depth by type of primary teeth Tooth Arch N n Mean S. D. P value Central incisor Maxillary Mandibular * Maxillary Mandibular Maxillary Mandibular Maxillary Mandibular Maxillary Mandibular Overall teeth Maxillary Mandibular *<0.05 Significant 47
6 ANUKRITI PATHAK, B. NANDLAL The overall mean of the gingival sulcus depth for primary teeth in females was 1.24 ± The mean values of the gingival sulcus depth at the buccal and lingual surfaces in each tooth type are mentioned in Table 5. In females, the buccal sulcus depth was found to be shallower than the lingual sulcus depth (nonsignificant difference) for the maxillary central incisors, maxillary lateral incisors, maxillary second molars, mandibular canines, and mandibular second molars. The buccal sulcus depth was observed to be significantly shallower for the maxillary and mandibular first molars. It was found that the buccal sulcus depth was significantly deeper than the lingual sulcus depth for the mandibular central and lateral incisors. It was also deeper for the maxillary canine, but the difference was nonsignificant. The mean of the gingival sulcus depth for primary teeth in males was found to be 1.16 ± The mean values of the gingival sulcus depth at the buccal and lingual surfaces in each tooth type are mentioned in Table 6. In males, the buccal sulcus depth was observed to be shallower than the lingual sulcus depth for the maxillary lateral incisors and first molars with a non-significant difference. The buccal sulcus depth was significantly shallower for the maxillary central incisors and mandibular first molars. The buccal sulcus depth was significantly deeper than the lingual sulcus depth for the maxillary canines. It was also deeper for the maxillary second molars, mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, and second molars, but the difference was non-significant. The mean gingival sulcus depth for the entire primary dentition was found to be 1.20 ± 0.25 mm. The mean values of the gingival sulcus depth in each primary tooth type are mentioned in Table 7. Table 5. Mean gingival sulcus depth at buccal and lingual surfaces by type of primary teeth in females Tooth type Maxillary Mandibular Buccal Lingual Buccal Lingual Central incisor Table 6. Mean gingival sulcus depth at buccal and lingual surfaces by type of primary teeth in males Tooth type Maxillary Mandibular Buccal Lingual Buccal Lingual Central incisor Table 7. Mean gingival sulcus depth in primary dentition Tooth type Maxillary Mandibular Mean S. D. Mean S. D. Central incisor
7 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF GINGIVAL SULCUS DEPTH IN PRIMARY DENTITION BY FLORIDA PROBE Figure 1. Measuring gingival sulcus depth with Florida Probe Figure 2. Child undergoing Florida Probe examination DISCUSSION A growing amount of research and data emphasize the relevance of the prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment of periodontal diseases in children. To avoid erroneous diagnoses and unnecessary treatments, the pediatric dentist is required to differentiate between the pathologic processes and normal changes that occur in the periodontium with age 14. The conventional periodontal probe is the standard instrument used for the assessment of probing depth and the clinical attachment level. However, other probes have been introduced to reduce probing errors typically associated with conventional probing. Florida Probe may have some advantages over a conventional probe. Florida Probe applies constant, standardized force during measurement. The system incorporates the use of computer software and a footswitch for efficient data capture, which eliminates transcribing problems. This could reduce bias since examiners would have no knowledge of the measurements obtained using Florida Probe. The 0.2 mm resolution of measurement attainable with Florida Probe eliminates the need for rounding to a higher or lower value. Because of this level of resolution, normal distributions would be more closely approximated, likely reflecting changes in measurement over time. This contrasts the stepfunction of the whole millimeter differences created with conventional probe measurements. Decisions for change might therefore be made at lower cut-off points with Florida Probe than with a conventional probe
8 ANUKRITI PATHAK, B. NANDLAL Age-wise Variation of Mean Gingival Sulcus Depth In the present study, the gingival sulcus depth was observed to increase from the ages of 4 years to 6 years, but the results were significant only for the maxillary second molars. This is contrary to the findings of Gomes-Filho et al., wherein the gingival sulcus depth was found to increase on the basis of age from 4 to 6 years 6. The results were significant in the majority of the teeth. Gender-wise Variation of Mean Gingival Sulcus Depth In the present study, the mean gingival sulcus depth was observed to be greater in females than males, but significant differences were found only for the maxillary central incisors and mandibular second molars. Gomes-Filho et al. did not demonstrate significant gender differences in the majority of the teeth 6. The mean gingival sulcus depth was found to be greater in males than females in a study by Chawla et al., but the difference was noted as statistically insignificant 3. Mean Values of Gingival Sulcus Depth in Primary Dentition In the present study, the mean gingival sulcus depth in primary dentition was noted as 1.20 ± 0.25 mm. The readings were found to be close to those of other studies. Ainamo et al. observed an average gingival sulcus depth of 1 mm in 20 children aged 3 to 10 years 16. Chawla et al., who reported the mean depth as 1.44 mm with a range of 0.73 mm to 2.93 mm, also used a new instrument reading to one-tenth of a millimeter 3 Gomes-Filho et al. noted the probing depth in primary dentition was from 1.03 ± 0.91 mm to 2.08 ± 0.07 mm 6. Conversely, Rosenblum et al. observed higher values of 2.1 mm with a range of 0.5 mm to 4.6 mm 5. The mean gingival sulcus depth in both males and females increased gradually from the primary central incisor to primary second molar (in both the maxillary and mandibular arches) except in the primary first molar, wherein the depth was lesser than in the primary canine (Table 3). These results were in accordance with Chawla et al., Rosenblum et al., and Bimstein et al, who reported similar patterns in their studies 3 5. The shallowest sulcus depth for the first primary molar may be due to the special configuration of the buccal bulge in the tooth. Table 4 indicates the mean gingival sulcus depth for the maxillary teeth (1.22 ± 0.27 mm) was more than that for the mandibular teeth (1.18 ± 0.24 mm). This result was in accordance with the study by Bimstein et al., wherein the average sulcus depth was found to be 1.5 mm around the maxillary teeth and 1.3 mm around the mandibular teeth 4. The fact that the maxillary teeth had a greater sulcus depth than the mandibular teeth may be explained by the differences in the ages of tooth eruption and the eruption process itself. The difference in the gingival sulcus depth at the buccal and lingual surfaces (Tables 5 and 6) may be due to the difference in the tooth morphology of each tooth type and their alignment in the arch. In their study, Newman et al. reported the mean gingival sulcus depth in permanent dentition to be 1.8 mm 1. In the present study, the mean gingival sulcus depth for primary teeth was found to be 1.20 mm. It was observed that the gingival sulcus depth for primary teeth was lesser than for permanent teeth. Similar findings have been reported in other studies. The presence of shallow gingival sulcus in primary dentition may be due to the small size of teeth and jaws, and a less powerful musculature in children. Knowledge of the gingival sulcus depth is helpful in restorative dentistry for primary teeth for the margin placement of a prefabricated crown below the marginal gingival so that it does not impinge upon the epithelial attachment 4. In the present study, the gingival sulcus depths at the three buccal sites of the maxillary and mandibular first molars in females were noted to be 1.23 mm and 1.05 mm (MB), 0.90 mm and 0.81 mm (B), and 1.09 mm and 1.09 mm (DB), respectively. The gingival sulcus depths at the three buccal sites of the maxillary and mandibular first molars in males were 50
9 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF GINGIVAL SULCUS DEPTH IN PRIMARY DENTITION BY FLORIDA PROBE observed to be 1.29 mm and 0.94 mm (MB), 0.89 mm and 0.78 mm (B), and 1.01 mm and 1.03 mm (DB), respectively. The B (mid-buccal) site presents the shallowest sulcus at the buccal margin; the crown margins should be trimmed according to the mid-buccal measurement of the gingival sulcus depth to prevent damage to the gingival attachment. The current study offers cross-sectional data; however, longitudinal studies are required to evaluate the age variations in the gingival sulcus depth in primary dentition. These norms may not be applicable for an individual case, but should be taken into consideration for the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases and restorative procedures. One of the drawbacks of the study is its sample size; a larger epidemiological survey is required to represent the population to establish the norms of the gingival sulcus depth in primary dentition. The present study strongly suggests that Florida Probe could be a better alternative to conventional probes to measure the gingival sulcus depth not only in permanent dentition but also in primary dentition. The advantages of constant force probing, a smaller tip diameter, accurate precision, and acceptance by children render the method appropriate for evaluating the gingival sulcus depth in primary dentition. REFERENCES 1. Newman MG, Takei HH, Carranza FA. Carranza s Clinical Periodontology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; Califano JV; American Academy of Periodontology--Research, Science and Therapy Committee; American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Periodontal diseases of children and adolescents. Pediatr Dent ;27(7 Suppl): Chawla HS, Vacher BR, Taneja JR. Clinical evaluation of depth of gingival sulcus of primary teeth. J Indian Dent Assoc. 1973;45(7): Bimstein E, Eidelman E. Dimensional differences in the attached gingiva and gingival sulcus in the mixed dentition. ASDC J Dent Child. 1983;50(4): Rosenblum FN. Clinical study of the depth of the gingival sulcus in the primary dentition. J Dent Child. 1966;33(5): Gomes-Filho IS, Miranda DA, Trindade SC, de Souza Teles Santos CA, de Freitas CO, da Cruz SS, et al. Relationship among gender, race, age, gingival width, and probing depth in primary teeth. J Periodontol. 2006;77(6): Gibbs CH, Hirschfeld JW, Lee JG, Low SB, Magnusson I, Thousand RR, et al. Description and clinical evaluation of a new computerized periodontal probe--the Florida Probe. J Clin Periodontol. 1988;15(2): Eley BM, Cox SW. Advances in periodontal diagnosis. 2. New clinical methods of diagnosis. Br Dent J. 1988;184(2): Moller IJ. Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of the incipient carious lesion. Adv Fluorine Res. 1966;4: Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963;21: Loe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol. 1967;38(6): Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964;22: Florida Probe User Manual. Version Gainesville: Florida Probe Corporation; Bimstein E, Matsson L. Growth and development considerations in the diagnosis of gingivitis and periodontitis in children. Pediatr Dent. 1999;21(3): Osborn JB, Stoltenberg JL, Huso BA, Aeppli DM, Pihlstrom BL. Comparison of measurement variability in subjects with moderate periodontitis using a conventional and constant force periodontal probe. J Periodontol. 1992;63(4): Ainamo J, Loe H. Anatomical characteristics of gingiva: a clinical and microscopic study of the free and attached gingiva. J Periodontol. 1966;37(1):
A Clinical Evaluation of Anatomic Features of Gingiva in Dental Students in Tabriz, Iran
Received 26 October 2007; Accepted 11 February 2008 A Clinical Evaluation of Anatomic Features of Gingiva in Dental Students in Tabriz, Iran Adileh Shirmohammadi 1 Masoumeh Faramarzie 1 * Ardeshir Lafzi
More informationAdvanced Probing Techniques
Module 21 Advanced Probing Techniques MODULE OVERVIEW The clinical periodontal assessment is one of the most important functions performed by dental hygienists. This module begins with a review of the
More informationMDJ Lower Arch Crowding In Relation To Periodontal Disease Vol.:5 No.:2 2008
MDJ Lower Arch Crowding In Relation To Periodontal Disease Dr. Barzam Abdulwahab, B.D.S M.sc. (periodontics) Abstract A clinical examination was done to study the relationship between crowding and periodontal
More informationKeratinized Gingiva Width Alteration during Orthodontic Alignment and Leveling Phase; a Preliminary Investigation
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Dental Science Volume 7 Number 2 Keratinized Gingiva Width Alteration during Orthodontic Alignment and Leveling Phase; a Preliminary A Dannan, M Darwish, M Sawan Citation
More informationProsthetic Options in Implant Dentistry. Hakimeh Siadat, DDS, MSc Associate Professor
Prosthetic Options in Dentistry Hakimeh Siadat, DDS, MSc Associate Professor Dental Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics & Dental s Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
More informationFundamental & Preventive Curvatures of Teeth and Tooth Development. Lecture Three Chapter 15 Continued; Chapter 6 (parts) Dr. Margaret L.
Fundamental & Preventive Curvatures of Teeth and Tooth Development Lecture Three Chapter 15 Continued; Chapter 6 (parts) Dr. Margaret L. Dennis Proximal contact areas Contact areas are on the mesial and
More informationNATIONAL EXAMINING BOARD FOR DENTAL NURSES
NATIONAL EXAMINING BOARD FOR DENTAL NURSES NATIONAL DIPLOMA EXAMINATION DENTAL CHARTING NEBDN is a limited company registered in England & Wales No. 5580200 Registered with the Charity Commisioners No.
More information1. What is the highest and sharpest cusp on the lower first deciduous molar? 2. Which of the following is NOT the correct location of an embrasure?
1 1. What is the highest and sharpest cusp on the lower first deciduous molar? a. mesiobuccal b. distobuccal c. distolingual d.mesiolingual 2. Which of the following is NOT the correct location of an embrasure?
More informationMorphology of an Anatomic Crown. By: Assistant Professor Dr. Baydaa Ali Al - Rawi
Morphology of an Anatomic Crown By: Assistant Professor Dr. Baydaa Ali Al - Rawi October 4, 2009 Elevated landmarks Depressed landmarks A) Elevated landmarks : 1. Dental lobe : is one of the primary centers
More informationEvidence-based decision making in periodontal tooth prognosis
Clin Dent Rev (2017) 1:3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41894-017-0004-2 TREATMENT Evidence-based decision making in periodontal tooth prognosis Carlos Ernesto Nemcovsky 1 Received: 12 April 2017 / Accepted:
More informationLec. 3-4 Dr. Saif Alarab Clinical Technique for Class I Amalgam Restorations The outline form
Lec. 3-4 Dr. Saif Alarab Clinical Technique for Class I Amalgam Restorations Class I refers to -Restorations on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth, - The occlusal two thirds of facial and lingual
More informationIndications The selection of amalgam as a restorative material for class V cavity should involve the following considerations:
1 Lec.7 د.عبد املنعم اخلفاجي CLASS V CAVITY PREPARATION FOR AMAGLAM Indications The selection of amalgam as a restorative material for class V cavity should involve the following considerations: 1- Caries:
More informationAlveolar Growth in Japanese Infants: A Comparison between Now and 40 Years ago
Bull Tokyo Dent Coll (2017) 58(1): 9 18 Original Article doi:10.2209/tdcpublication.2016-0500 Alveolar Growth in Japanese Infants: A Comparison between Now and 40 Years ago Hiroki Imai 1), Tetsuhide Makiguchi
More informationPermanent 2 nd Maxillary Molars
Permanent 2 nd Maxillary Molars In comparison to the first max molar First molars appears in the oral cavity at the age of 6 years old.. While 2 nd molar 3 rd molar Max. 2 nd molar have long roots (sometimes
More informationAETIOLOGY AND SEVERITY OF GINGIVAL RECESSION AMONG YOUNG INDIVIDUALS IN BELGAUM DISTRICT IN INDIA
AETIOLOGY AND SEVERITY OF GINGIVAL RECESSION AMONG YOUNG INDIVIDUALS IN BELGAUM DISTRICT IN INDIA V. Dodwad. Aetiology and severity of gingival recession among young individuals in Belgaum district in
More informationEvaluation of fixed partial denture in relation to gingival recession and other factors
Evaluation of fixed partial denture in relation to gingival recession and other factors Faiza M. Abdul Ameer,B.D.S., M. Sc. (1) Zainab M. Abdul Ameer,B.D.S., M. Sc (2) ABSTRACT Background: Gingival recession
More informationCore build-up using post systems
Core build-up using post systems Dr. Gergely Pataky Department of Conservative Dentistry What to speak about today General considerations Classification of post systems Dowel-core or fibre post? Biologic
More informationTooth Retained Implant: No More an Oxymoron
بنام خدا بنام خدا OPEN ACCESS Freely Available Online Original Hypothesis Tooth Retained Implant: No More an Oxymoron Divya Bhat a Abstract a Department of Periodontics, D.A.P.M.R.V. Dental College, Karnataka,
More informationPERMANENT MANDIBULAR INCISORS
PERMANENT MANDIBULAR INCISORS (Central and Lateral) DR.AHMED AL-JOBORY LEC. 5 PERMANENT MANDIBULAR INCISORS ARE 4 IN NUMBER : 2 CENTRAL (RIGHT &LEFT) AND 2 LATERAL INCISORS (RIGHT &LEFT). CHARACTERISTIC
More informationأ.م. هدى عباس عبد اهلل CROWN AND BRIDGE جامعة تكريت كلية. Lec. (2) طب االسنان
Lec. (2) CROWN AND BRIDGE أ.م. هدى عباس عبد اهلل Patient selection and examination A thorough diagnosis must first be made of the patient's dental condition, considering both hard and soft tissues. this
More informationRelationship Between Gingivitis and Anterior Teeth Irregularities Among 18 to 26 Years Age Group: A Hospital Based Study in Belgaum, Karnataka
Relationship Between Gingivitis and Anterior Teeth Irregularities Among 18 to 26 Years Age Group: A Hospital Based Study in Belgaum, Karnataka V Chandrasekhara Reddy, BR Ashok Kumar, Anil Ankola ABSTRACT
More informationResearch Article. Average Distance between the Gingival Margin and the Cemento-enamel Junction
Available online www.ijpras.com International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Allied Sciences, 2017, 6(4):54-60 Research Article ISSN : 2277-3657 CODEN(USA) : IJPRPM Average Distance between the Gingival
More information1B Getting Ready for Instrumentation: Mathematical Principles and Anatomic Descriptors
MODULE 1B Getting Ready for Instrumentation: Mathematical Principles and Anatomic Descriptors Module Overview This module contains a review of the mathematical principles and anatomic descriptors used
More informationThe Periodontal Disease Index (PDI)
The Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) BY S I G U R D P. R A M F J O R D * T H E P E R I O D O N T A L Disease Index is a clinician's modification of Russell's P I index for epidemiological surveys of periodontal
More information14/09/15. Assessment of Periodontal Disease. Outline. Why is Periodontal assessment needed? The Basics of Periodontal assessment
Assessment of Periodontal Disease Dr Wendy Turner Outline Why is Periodontal assessment needed? The Basics of Periodontal assessment Probing: Basic Periodontal Examination for adults and children. Detailed
More informationThe following standards and procedures apply to the provision of orthodontic services for children in the Medicaid/NJ FamilyCare (NJFC) programs.
B.4.2.11 Orthodontic Services The following standards and procedures apply to the provision of orthodontic services for children in the Medicaid/NJ FamilyCare (NJFC) programs. Orthodontic Consultation
More informationPrimary Teeth Chapter 18. Dental Anatomy 2016
Primary Teeth Chapter 18 Dental Anatomy 2016 Primary Teeth - Introduction Synonyms deciduous teeth, baby teeth, temporary teeth, milk teeth. There are 20 primary teeth, designated as A thru T in the Universal
More informationPeriodontal Maintenance
Periodontal Maintenance Friday, February 20, 2015 1:06 PM Periodontal disease control always begins with patient education - Plaque control, diet, smoking cessation, impact that systemic health has on
More informationClass II Furcations Treated by Guided Tissue Regeneration in Humans: Case Reports
0 Class II Furcations Treated by Guided Tissue Regeneration in Humans: Case Reports R.G. Caffesse, B.A. Smith/ B. Duff, E.C. Morrison, D. Merrill/ and W. Becker In the cases reported here, the response
More informationChapter 2. Material and methods
Chapter 2 Material and methods Material and methods Summary This chapter describes the subjects and methods being used in this study. Between 1986 and 1997 9 expeditions were undertaken in remote areas
More informationEsthetic Crown Lengthening
Esthetic Crown Lengthening Esthetic Crown Lengthening ACCELERATED OSTEOGENIC ORTHODOTNICS (WILKODONTICS) It is a technique developed by Wilko brothers. has roots in orthopedics, back to the early 1900s
More informationDental Morphology and Vocabulary
Dental Morphology and Vocabulary Palate Palate Palate 1 2 Hard Palate Rugae Hard Palate Palate Palate Soft Palate Palate Palate Soft Palate 4 Palate Hard Palate Soft Palate Maxillary Arch (Maxilla) (Uppers)
More informationDIAGNOSTIC/PREVENTIVE SERVICES
DIAGNOSTIC/PREVENTIVE SERVICES Diagnostic Services D0120 Periodic oral evaluation 100% 100% D0140 Limited oral evaluation problem focused 100% 100% D0150 Comprehensive oral evaluation 100% 100% D0160 Detailed
More informationBiologic width: Understanding and its preservation Malathi K 1, Singh A 2
Biologic width: Understanding and its preservation Malathi K 1, Singh A 2 Review Article 1 Dr K Malathi Professor & Head, Periodontics Government Dental college and Hospital Tamil Nadu, India 2 Dr Arjun
More informationSCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. 86 Stomatologija, Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal, 2007, Vol. 9, No. 3 SUMMARY
Stomatologija, Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal, 9:86-9, 7 The relationship between the severity of malposition of the frontal teeth and periodontal health in age 5- and 5-44 Jolanta Pugaca, Ilga
More informationCombined Periodontal and Prosthetic Treatment of Patients With Advanced Periodontal Disease
A Longitudinal Study of Combined Periodontal and Prosthetic Treatment of Patients With Advanced Periodontal Disease by Sture Nyman Jan Lindhe Clinical and laboratory research endeavors have revealed unanimously
More informationGive your teeth a hug: a simplified brushing technique for children Journal of Dentistry for Children No.291, September-October, 1984
Data Sheet no.3 in support of the Collis Curve Toothbrush Give your teeth a hug: a simplified brushing technique for children Journal of Dentistry for Children No.291, September-October, 1984 David Collis
More informationThakur H et al.applicability of various Mixed Dentition analysis among Sriganganagar School children
Original Article APPLICABILITY OF MOYER S AND TANAKA-JOHNSTON MIXED DENTITION ANALYSIS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN OF SRI GANGANAGAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN) A PILOT STUDY Thakur H, Jonathan PT Postgraduate student,
More informationEvaluation of peri-implant tissue response according to the presence of keratinized mucosa Abstract Purpose: Materials and methods Results:
Evaluation of peri-implant tissue response according to the presence of keratinized mucosa Bum-Soo Kim 1, Young-Kyun Kim 1, Pil-Young Yun 1, Yang-Jin Lee 2, Hyo-Jeong Lee 3, Su-Gwan Kim 4 1Department of
More informationCLINICAL TESTS OF AN ULTRASONIC PERIODONTAL PROBE
From: Reviews of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation Vol. 21, D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, eds. AIP CP 615, 1880-1887 (2002) CLINICAL TESTS OF AN ULTRASONIC PERIODONTAL PROBE Mark K.
More informationVolume 22 No. 14 September Dentists, Federally Qualified Health Centers and Health Maintenance Organizations For Action
State of New Jersey Department of Human Services Division of Medical Assistance & Health Services Volume 22 No. 14 September 2012 TO: Dentists, Federally Qualified Health Centers and Health Maintenance
More informationStainless Steel Crowns
Stainless Steel Crowns Objectives Indications for use of stainless steel crowns Technique used in preparing and placing a stainless steel crown restoration on a primary molar. Indications for SSC Restoration
More informationEFFECT OF ORAL HYGIENE INSTRUCTIONS ON GINGIVAL INDEX AND PLAQUE SCORE AMONG PERIODONTAL PATIENTS VISITING THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI DENTAL HOSPITAL.
EFFECT OF ORAL HYGIENE INSTRUCTIONS ON GINGIVAL INDEX AND PLAQUE SCORE AMONG PERIODONTAL PATIENTS VISITING THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI DENTAL HOSPITAL. INVESTIGATOR KAGURU GEORGE KARIUKI BDS III 2004/2005
More informationDental Services Referral Form- Orthodontic Clinic
Dental Services Referral Form- Orthodontic Clinic Date / / Title: Surname Given name Date of birth: Street address Suburb Postcode Name of Residential Facility (if applicable) Room: Phone - Home: Mobile:
More informationDELTA DENTAL PPO sm AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENT TO DELTA DENTAL PREMIER PARTICIPATING DENTIST S AGREEMENT
DELTA DENTAL PPO sm AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENT TO DELTA DENTAL PREMIER PARTICIPATING DENTIST S AGREEMENT This agreement (the "Supplement") supplements the Delta Dental Premier Participating Dentist s Agreement
More informationIt is essential for dental professionals to measure
Effectiveness of a Specially Designed Dental Model for Training, Evaluation, and Standardization of Pocket Probing Masayo Sunaga, RDH, BLA; Masato Minabe, DDS, PhD; Koji Inagaki, DDS, PhD; Atsuhiro Kinoshita,
More informationEssentialSmile Ped 221 Schedule of Benefits
EssentialSmile Ped 221 Schedule of Benefits P.O. Box 19199 Plantation, FL 33318 Telephone: 877-760-2247 Fax: 954-370-1701 www.mysolstice.net Members can search for a Network Provider at www.solsticecare.com/provider-search.aspx
More informationEFFECTIVENESS OF ORAL HYGIENE INSTRUCTION MEDIA ON PERIODONTAL HEALTH AMONG HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN
EFFECTIVENESS OF ORAL HYGIENE INSTRUCTION MEDIA ON PERIODONTAL HEALTH AMONG HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN Malee Arunakul, Yosvimol Kuphasuk 2 and Romcharee Boonyathanasit 3 Department of Pediatric Dentistry,
More informationRoot Dentine Sensitivity
Indian Medical Gazette JULY 2012 269 Original Study Root Dentine Sensitivity Jyoti Ajay Khade, Associate Professor, Dept. of Dentistry, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) Adilabad, A.P.
More informationEssentialSmile Ped 221 Schedule of Benefits
EssentialSmile Ped 221 Schedule of Benefits P.O. Box 9 Plantation, FL 33318 Telephone: 877 760 2247 Fax: 954 370 1701 www.mysolstice.net Members can search for a Network Provider atwww.solsticecare.com/provider
More informationA Clinical and Cephalometric Study of the Influence of Mandibular Third Molars on Mandibular Anterior Teeth
10.5005/jp-journals-10021-1193 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Tara Ramprakash Kavra, Etika Kabra A Clinical and Cephalometric Study of the Influence of Mandibular Third Molars on Mandibular Anterior Teeth 1 Tara Ramprakash
More informationPart II National Board Review Operative Dentistry. Module 3D General Questions Answers in BOLD (usually the first answer)
Part II National Board Review Operative Dentistry Module 3D General Questions Answers in BOLD (usually the first answer) Howard E. Strassler, DMD University of Maryland Dental School With special acknowledgements
More informationPolycarbonate Crowns for Primary teeth Revisited. Restorative options, Technique & Case reports
Polycarbonate Crowns for Primary teeth Revisited Restorative options, Technique & Case reports Karthik Venkataraghavan 1, John Chan 2 1 Pediatric Dentist, Vibha Dental Care Centre, Bangalore, India. 2
More informationArch dimensional changes following orthodontic treatment with extraction of four first premolars
Received: 14 June. 2015 Accepted: 7 Dec. 2015 Arch dimensional changes following orthodontic treatment with extraction of four first premolars Abstract Asghar Ebadifar DDS, MSc 1, Mohammad Hossien Shafazand
More informationPatient had no significant findings in medical history. Her vital signs were 130/99, pulse 93.
Julia Collins Den 1200 Journal #4 1. Demographics Patient is J.S. age 29, Heavy/II 2. Assessment Patient had no significant findings in medical history. Her vital signs were 130/99, pulse 93. Patient does
More informationDental Implant Treatment Planning and Restorative Considerations
Dental Implant Treatment Planning and Restorative Considerations Aldo Leopardi, BDS, DDS, MS Practice Limited to Implant, Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics Greenwood Village, Colorado www.knowledgefactoryco.com
More informationClinical observations concerning the role of dental crowding among the local etiopathogenical factors of periodontal disease-case report
Clinical observations concerning the role of dental crowding among the local etiopathogenical factors of periodontal disease-case report Cristina Puºcaºu 1, Dragoº Totolici 1, Anca Dumitriu 2, Horia Traian
More informationTreatment of Altered Passive Eruption: Periodontal Plastic Surgery of the Dentogingival Junction
CASE REPORT Publication Treatment of Altered Passive Eruption: Periodontal Plastic Surgery of the Dentogingival Junction Roberto Rossi, DDS, MScD Private Practice Genoa, Italy Remo Benedetti, MD, DDS Private
More informationComputer technology is expanding to include
TECHNO BYTES Comparison of measurements made on digital and plaster models Margherita Santoro, DDS, MA, a Scott Galkin, DMD, b Monica Teredesai, DMD, c Olivier F. Nicolay, DDS, MS, d and Thomas J. Cangialosi,
More informationOral Health Status of Pregnant Women
Oral Health Status of Pregnant Women Ingrida Vasiliauskiene Stomatologija, Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal, 5:57-61, 2003 SUMMARY The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity
More informationFor many years, patients with
Dr. Robert Lowe is one of the great teachers in dentistry. Recently, he received the Gordon J. Christensen Award from the Chicago Dental Society in recognition of his excellence in teaching. Some of my
More informationASSESSMENT OF MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR ROTATION IN SKELETAL CLASS II, AND THEIR COMPARISON WITH CLASS I AND CLASS III SUBJECTS
ORIGINAL ARTICLE ASSESSMENT OF MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR ROTATION IN SKELETAL CLASS II, AND THEIR COMPARISON WITH CLASS I AND CLASS III SUBJECTS ABSTRACT FARHAT AMIN, BDS, MCPS, FCPS Mesial rotation of maxillary
More informationPeriodontal Disease. Radiology of Periodontal Disease. Periodontal Disease. The Role of Radiology in Assessment of Periodontal Disease
Radiology of Periodontal Disease Steven R. Singer, DDS srs2@columbia.edu 212.305.5674 Periodontal Disease! Includes several disorders of the periodontium! Gingivitis! Marginal Periodontitis! Localized
More informationThe Convergence Angle of Full-coverage Crown Preparations Made by Dental Students
Original Article The Convergence Angle of Full-coverage Crown Preparations Made by Dental Students H. Dorriz 1, 2, S. Nokar 3, 4, R. Baghai Naini 3, 4, A. Madadi 5 1 Associate Professor, Department of
More informationClinical UM Guideline
Clinical UM Guideline Subject: Teeth With A Poor or Guarded Prognosis Guideline #: Admin -01 Current Effective Date: 01/01/2016 Status: New Last Review Date: 02/08/2017 Description This document addresses
More informationThroughout the history of our specialty, orthodontists
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Twenty-year follow-up of patients with permanently bonded mandibular canine-to-canine retainers Frederick A. Booth, a Justin M. Edelman, b and William R. Proffit c Chapel Hill, NC Introduction:
More informationORTHODONTICS Treatment of malocclusion Assist.Lec.Kasem A.Abeas University of Babylon Faculty of Dentistry 5 th stage
Lec: Treatment of class I malocclusion Class I occlusion can be defined by Angles, classification as the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper 1 st permanent molar occlude with the developmental groove of the
More informationAn Overview of Gingival and Periodontal Diseases in 12 to 15 years using Gingivitis and Periodontitis Site Prevalence Index (WHO, 1978)
10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1079 ORIGINL RESERCH WJD n Overview of Gingival and Periodontal Diseases in 12 to 15 years n Overview of Gingival and Periodontal Diseases in 12 to 15 years using Gingivitis and
More informationAttachment G. Orthodontic Criteria Index Form Comprehensive D8080. ABBREVIATIONS CRITERIA for Permanent Dentition YES NO
First Review IL HFS Dental Program Models Second Review Ortho cad Attachment G Orthodontic Criteria Index Form Comprehensive D8080 Ceph Film X-Rays Photos Narrative Patient Name: DOB: ABBREVIATIONS CRITERIA
More informationThe dentogingival junction to the
Volume 79 Number 10 RedefiningtheBiologicWidthinSevere, Generalized, Chronic Periodontitis: Implications for Therapy M. John Novak,* Huda M. Albather, and John M. Close Background: Previous studies demonstrated
More informationChanges of the Marginal Periodontium as a Result of
Changes of the Marginal Periodontium as a Result of Labial Tooth Movement in Monkeys G. G. Steiner,* J. K. Pearson,f J. Ainamo^ Tooth position has been suggested to be an important factor in gingival recession.
More information6610 NE 181st Street, Suite #1, Kenmore, WA
660 NE 8st Street, Suite #, Kenmore, WA 9808 www.northshoredentalacademy.com.08.900 READ CHAPTER The Professional Dental Assistant (p.-9) No Key Terms Recall Questions:,,,, and 6 CLASS SYLLABUS DAY READ
More informationClinical Management of an Unusual Case of Gingival Enlargement
Clinical Management of an Unusual Case of Gingival Enlargement Abstract Aim: The purpose of this article is to report a case of conditioned gingival enlargement managed by nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
More informationSCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. Longitudinal evaluation of caries patterns from the primary to the mixed dentition
PEDIATRIC DENTlSTRYKopyright 0 1990 by The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Volume 12. Number 5 SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES Longitudinal evaluation of caries patterns from the primary to the mixed dentition
More informationJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 3.114, ISSN: , Volume 5, Issue 3, April 2017
THE INFLUENCE OF BILATERAL IMPACTED THIRD MOLAR ANGULATION AND POSITION ON THE INCISORS CROWDING HAZEM HASSAN* *Professor, Dept. of orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Andalus University for Medical
More informationRehabilitating a Compromised Site for Restoring Form, Function and Esthetics- A Case Report
Research & Reviews: Journal of Dental Sciences Rehabilitating a Compromised Site for Restoring Form, Function and Esthetics- A Case Report Priyanka Prakash* Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental
More informationTASKS. 2. Apply a disclosing agent to make the plaque visible.
TASKS EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS Personal protective equipment Assortment of nylon, soft-bristled toothbrushes Assortment of dental Floss, waxed and nonwaxed Disclosing solution Face mirror 3. Demonstrate
More informationIn general, dental and dental hygiene students
Development and Evaluation of a New Dental Model at Tokyo Medical and Dental University for the Practice of Periodontal Pocket Probing Masayo Sunaga, R.D.H., B.L.A.; Keiko Kondo, R.D.H., B.L.A.; Toshiko
More informationNEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY
NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY DEPARTMENT: COURSE CODE: COURSE TITLE: COURSE DESCRIPTION: CLASS HOURS & CREDITS: NUMBER OF WEEKS:
More informationChanges of the Transverse Dental Arch Dimension, Overjet and Overbite after Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME)
Dental Journal Changes of the Transverse Dental Arch Dimension, Overjet and Overbite after Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) Department of Advanced General Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University.
More informationSECTION XVI. EssentialSmile Ped 111, ST, INN, Pediatric Dental SCHEDULE OF BENEFITS
SECTION XVI. EssentialSmile Ped 111, ST, INN, Pediatric Dental SCHEDULE OF BENEFITS COST-SHARING PEDIATRIC DENTAL CARE ESSENTIAL HEALTH BENEFIT Deductible One (1) Member under age 19 Two (2) or more Members
More informationMEDICAL ASSISTANCE BULLETIN COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WELFARE
MEDICAL ASSISTANCE BULLETIN COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WELFARE ISSUE DATE EFFECTIVE DATE NUMBER October 21,1996 October 28,1996 03-96-06 SUBJECT BY Information on New Procedures
More informationThe Clarion International Multidisciplinary Journal
The Clarion Volume 3 Number 1 (2014) PP 8-12 The Clarion International Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN : 2277-1697 Periodontal treatment needs of a rural population of North East India Dilip Goswami Department
More informationAvoiding Restorative Failure
Avoiding Restorative Failure Lee Ann Brady, DMD Dr. Brady has no relevant financial relationships to disclose. Presentation partially sponsored by DMG and GC America Friday, June 15, 2018 1:30pm 4:30pm
More informationCLINICAL APPLICATION GUIDE DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS & PERIODONTAL SCALERS/ CURETTES
CLINICAL APPLICATION GUIDE DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS & PERIODONTAL SCALERS/ CURETTES DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTATION EXPLORERS Explorers are used to examine tooth surfaces for calculus, decalcified and carious
More informationEssentials of. Dental Assisting. Edition 6. Debbie S. Robinson Doni L. Bird
Essentials of Dental Assisting Edition 6 Debbie S. Robinson Doni L. Bird CHAPTER21 Restorative Procedures http://evolve.elsevier.com/robinson/essentials/ LEARNING OBJECTIVES KEY TERMS 1. Pronounce, define,
More informationof the treated areas by means of a No. 3 explorer. The smoothness of the tooth-amalgam interface was then examined on each specimen by
Removal of Amalgam Overhangs A Profilometric and Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation by Jose D. Freitas Vale, d.d.s., m.s.* Raul G. Caffesse, d.d.s., m.s. dr. ODONT.fl Subgingival restorations with
More informationFactors Affecting Gingival Excess, Altered Passive Eruption and Recession in the Mandibular Anterior and Premolar Sites
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2010 Factors Affecting Gingival Excess, Altered Passive Eruption and Recession in the Mandibular Anterior
More informationAn Anterior Tooth Size Comparison in Unilateral and Bilateral Congenitally Absent Maxillary Lateral Incisors
An Anterior Tooth Size Comparison in Unilateral and Bilateral Congenitally Absent Maxillary Lateral Incisors Abstract The purpose of this study is to compare the anterior tooth size width in patients with
More informationident CT Guide Protocol
ident CT Guide Protocol The ident computer planning and iguide production starts with the CT Guide. This is a simple device which can be made by a dental technician, but it is essential that it is made
More informationClinical UM Guideline
Clinical UM Guideline Subject: Non-Medically Necessary Orthodontia Care Guideline #: #08-002 Current Publish Date: 10/16/2017 Status: Reviewed Last Review Date: 10/11/2017 Description This document addresses
More informationLingual correction of a complex Class III malocclusion: Esthetic treatment without sacrificing quality results.
SM 3M Health Care Academy Lingual correction of a complex Class III malocclusion: Esthetic treatment without sacrificing quality results. Christopher S. Riolo, DDS, M.S, Ph.D. Dr. Riolo received his DDS
More informationBone Levels - From Hypothesis To Facts
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861. Volume 6, Issue 5 (May.- Jun. 2013), PP 19-23 Bone Levels - From Hypothesis To Facts Savitha B 1, Priyanka
More informationGender Based Comparison of Gingival Zenith Esthetics Humagain M, Rokaya D, Srii R, Dixit S, Kafle D
Gender Based Comparison of Gingival Zenith Esthetics Humagain M, Rokaya D, Srii R, Dixit S, Kafle D ABSTRACT Background Department of Dentistry Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel,
More informationManagement of Crowded Class 1 Malocclusion with Serial Extractions: Report of a Case
Management of Crowded Class 1 Malocclusion with Serial Extractions: Report of a Case Hayder A. Hashim, BDS, MSc Abstract Aim: The purpose of this article is to show the value of serial extractions in a
More informationClinical crown length changes from age years: a longitudinal study
Journal of Dentistry 28 (2000) 469 473 Journal of Dentistry www.elsevier.com/locate/jdent Clinical crown length changes from age 12 19 years: a longitudinal study L.A. Morrow a, *, J.W. Robbins b, D.L.
More informationPeriodontal response to early uncovering, autonomous eruption, and orthodontic alignment of palatally impacted maxillary canines
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Periodontal response to early uncovering, autonomous eruption, and orthodontic alignment of palatally impacted maxillary canines Andrew D. Schmidt a and Vincent G. Kokich b Rhinelander,
More informationDiagnosis. overt Examination. Definitive Examination. History. atient interview. Personal History. Clinical Examination.
Diagnosis overt Examination History Definitive Examination atient interview Personal History Mental Attitude Medical History Dental History Clinical Examination Extra Oral Oral Radiographic Evaluation
More informationImmediate Loading with Flapless Implant Surgery for Rehabilitation of Single Bound Edentulous Space
Case Report Immediate Loading with Flapless Implant Surgery for Rehabilitation of Single Bound Edentulous Space Nidhi Bhatia 1, Shweta Bali 2, Meenu Taneja Bhasin 3, Priyanka Aggarwal 4, Vaibhav Joshi
More informationBenefit Changes for Texas Health Steps Orthodontic Dental Services Effective January 1, 2012
Benefit Changes for Texas Health Steps Orthodontic Dental Services Effective January 1, 2012 Information posted November 14, 2011 Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2012, the following
More information