Malaria Presentation

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Aldous Arnold
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1 Issue No: 147, Date: 15 th April, 2017 Deter the Summer Season from the Army of Mosquitoes!! Malaria is a lifethreatening blood disease caused by parasites transmitted to humans through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito. Once an infected mosquito bites a human and transmits the parasites, those parasites multiply in the host's liver before infecting and destroying red blood cells. Malaria is caused by the bites from the female Anopheles mosquito, which then infects the body with the parasite Plasmodium. This is the only mosquito that can cause malaria. The successful development of the parasite within the mosquito depends on several factors, the most important being humidity and ambient temperatures. When an infected mosquito bites a human host, the parasite enters the bloodstream and lays dormant within the liver. For the next 5-16 days, the host will show no symptoms but the malaria parasite will begin multiplying asexually. The new malaria parasites are then released back into the bloodstream when they infect red blood cells and again begin to multiply. Some malaria parasites, however, remain in the liver and are not released until later, resulting in recurrence. An unaffected mosquito becomes infected once it feeds on an infected individual, thus beginning the cycle again. Malaria Presentation

2 Issue No: 147, Date: 15 th April, 2017 Complicated Malaria Fever and chills Uncomplicated Malaria Sensation of cold, shivering Impaired consciousness Prostration (adopting a prone or prayer position) Fever, headaches, and vomiting (seizures sometimes occur in young children) Sweats followed by a return to normal temperature, with tiredness. Deep breathing and respiratory distress Multiple convulsions Abnormal bleeding and signs of anemia Clinical jaundice and evidence of vital organ dysfunction. Preventing malaria: ABCD Approach Awareness of risk Bite prevention Check whether you need to take malaria prevention tablets Preventing malaria: Many cases of malaria can be avoided. An easy way to remember is the ABCD approach to prevention: Awareness of risk find out whether you're at risk of getting malaria before travelling. Nobody has complete immunity to malaria, and any level of natural protection you may have had is quickly lost when you move out of a risk area. Bite prevention avoid mosquito bites by using insect repellent, covering your arms and legs, and using an insecticide-treated mosquito net. It's not possible to avoid mosquito bites completely, but the less you're bitten, the less likely you are close to getting malaria. Diagnosis To avoid being bitten: Stay somewhere that has effective air conditioning and screening on doors and windows. If this isn't possible, make sure doors and windows close properly. If you're not sleeping in an air-conditioned room, sleep under an intact mosquito net that's been treated with insecticide. Use insect repellent on your skin and in sleeping environment. Remember to reapply it frequently. The most effective repellent contains diethyltoluamide(deet) and are available in sprays, roll-ons, sticks and creams. Wear light, loose-fitting trousers rather than shorts, and wear shirts with long sleeves. This is particularly important during early evening and at night, when mosquitoes prefer to feed.

Check whether you need to take malaria prevention tablets If you do, make sure you take the right antimalarial tablets at the right dose, and finish the course.

3 Check whether you need to take malaria prevention tablets If you do, make sure you take the right antimalarial tablets at the right dose, and finish the course. There's currently no vaccine available that offers protection against malaria, so it's very important to take antimalarial medication to reduce your chances of getting the disease. However, antimalarials only reduce your risk of infection by about 90%, so taking steps to avoid bites is also important. Issue No: 147, Date: 15 th April, 2017 DEET insect repellents The chemical DEET is often used in insect repellents. It's not recommended for babies who are less than two months old. Diagnosis Seek immediate medical advice if you develop malaria symptoms, as long as up to a year after you return from travelling. You must seek medical help straight away if you become ill while travelling in an area where malaria is found, or after returning from travelling, even if you've been taking antimalarial tablets. Malaria can get worse very quickly, so it's important that it's diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. HOME REMEDIES TO KEEP MOSQUITOS AWAY Lemon Eucalyptus oil can be used to repel mosquitoes. Rubbing the skin with baby oil or imitation vanilla extract repels biting insects such as mosquitoes and blackflies. One of our favorite remedies is rubbing apple cider vinegar on your skin to repel insects. If you take in enough apple cider vinegar by putting it on foods you eat, you ll develop a body odor that will repel insects, including black flies. Some people swear garlic (in tablet or juice form) works and swallow garlic to ward off these summer pests. DEET is safe for older children, adults and pregnant women if you follow the manufacturer's instructions: use on exposed skin don't spray directly on to your face spray onto your hands and pat on to your face avoid contact with lips and eyes wash your hands after applying don't apply to broken or irritated skin make sure you apply DEET after applying sunscreen, not before Disclaimer: Content is sourced from public domain & is provided by H3U for educational & informational purposes. It should not be considered as a substitute to medical advice. H3U makes every effort to ensure accuracy or completeness of editorial content, However we do not take responsibility for any errors, omission & also do not take responsibility to ensure that data, information of material is kept up to date. The views expressed in these articles are not necessarily those of H3U. Reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or otherwise, for reason other than educational & for informational purposes are strictly prohibited without prior written permission of H3U. Corporate Office Vipul MedCare Pvt Ltd. 534, Udyog Vihar, Phase V, Gurgaon, Haryana Phone: , Fax: , info@vipulmedcare.com

4 It's natural to feel down sometimes, but if that low mood lingers day after day, it could signal depression. Major depression is an episode of sadness or apathy along with other symptoms that lasts at least two consecutive weeks and is severe enough to interrupt daily activities. Depression is not a sign of weakness or a negative personality. It is a major public health problem and a treatable medical condition. People s narrative of Depression living in a black hole Having a feeling of impending doom, Lifeless, empty, and apathetic. Men in particular may even feel angry and restless. No matter how you experience it, depression is different from normal sadness in that it engulfs your day-to-day life, interfering with your ability to work, study, eat, sleep, and have fun. Some people feel like nothing will ever change. But it s important to remember that feelings of helplessness and hopelessness are symptoms of depression not the reality of your situation. You can do things today to start feeling better. Learning about depression and the many things you can do to help yourself is the first step to overcoming the problem.

Symptoms of depression include: Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. A bleak outlook nothing will ever get better and there s nothing you can do to improve your situation.

Either insomnia, especially waking in the early hours of the morning, or oversleeping. Anger or irritability. Feeling agitated, restless, or even violent. Loss of energy.

5 Symptoms of depression include: Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. A bleak outlook nothing will ever get better and there s nothing you can do to improve your situation. Loss of interest in daily activities. You ve lost your ability to feel joy and pleasure. Appetite or weight changes. Sleep changes. Either insomnia, especially waking in the early hours of the morning, or oversleeping. Anger or irritability. Feeling agitated, restless, or even violent. Loss of energy. Feeling fatigued, sluggish, and physically drained. Self-loathing. Strong feelings of worthlessness or guilt. Reckless behavior. You engage in escapist behavior such as substance abuse, compulsive gambling, reckless driving, or dangerous sports. Concentration problems. Trouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things. Unexplained aches and pains. An increase in physical complaints such as headaches, back pain, aching muscles, and stomach pain.

Major depression Atypical depression Dysthymia Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) Major depression is characterized by intense, relentless symptoms.

Atypical depression is a common subtype of major depression with a specific symptom pattern. It responds better to some therapies and medications than others, so identifying it can be helpful.

6 Major depression Atypical depression Dysthymia Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) Major depression is characterized by intense, relentless symptoms. Left untreated, major depression typically lasts for about six months. Some people experience just a single depressive episode in their lifetime, but major depression can be a recurring disorder. Atypical depression is a common subtype of major depression with a specific symptom pattern. It responds better to some therapies and medications than others, so identifying it can be helpful. People with atypical depression experience a temporary mood lift in response to positive events, such as after receiving good news or while out with friends. Other symptoms of atypical depression include weight gain, increased appetite, sleeping excessively, a heavy feeling in the arms and legs, and sensitivity to rejection. It is a type of chronic lowgrade depression. The symptoms of dysthymia are not as strong as the symptoms of major depression, but they last a long time (at least two years). Some people also experience major depressive episodes on top of dysthymia, a condition known as double depression. If you suffer from dysthymia, you may feel like you ve always been depressed. For some people, the reduced daylight hours of winter lead to a form of depression known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD). SAD usually begins in fall or winter when the days become shorter and remains until the brighter days of spring. SAD can make you feel like a completely different person to who you are in the summer: hopeless, sad, tense, or stressed, with no interest in friends or activities you normally love.

7 What you can do Reach out to other people. Isolation fuels depression, so reach out to friends and loved ones, even if you feel like being alone or don t want to be a burden to others. The simple act of talking to someone face-to-face about how you feel can be an enormous help. The person you talk to doesn t have to be able to fix you. He or she just needs to be a good listener someone who ll listen attentively without being distracted or judging you. Get moving. When you re depressed, just getting out of bed can seem daunting, let alone exercising. Take a short walk or put some music on and dance around. Start with small activities and build up from there. Eat a mood boosting diet. Reduce your intake of foods that can adversely affect your mood, such as caffeine, alcohol, trans fats, sugar, and refined carbs. And increase mood-enhancing nutrients such as Omega-3 fatty acids, citrus fruits, green vegetables etc. Find ways to engage again with the world. Spend some time in nature, care for a pet, volunteer, and pick up a hobby you used to enjoy (or you can take up a new one). You won t feel like it at first, but as you participate in the world again, you will start feeling better. Disclaimer: Content is sourced from public domain & is provided by H3U for educational & informational purposes. It should not be considered as a substitute to medical advice. H3U makes every effort to ensure accuracy or completeness of editorial content, However we do not take responsibility for any errors, omission & also do not take responsibility to ensure that data, information of material is kept up to date. The views expressed in these articles are not necessarily those of H3U. Reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or otherwise, for reason other than educational & for informational purposes are strictly prohibited without prior written permission of H3U. Corporate Office Vipul MedCare Pvt Ltd. 534, Udyog Vihar, Phase V, Gurgaon, Haryana Phone: , Fax: , info@vipulmedcare.com

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