COMPARISON OF MENTAL HEALTH AND COPING SKILLS OF DIVORCED WOMEN AND WOMEN MARRIED IN ILAM CITY

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1 COMPARISON OF MENTAL HEALTH AND COPING SKILLS OF DIVORCED WOMEN AND WOMEN MARRIED IN ILAM CITY Jahahah Mohammadzade 1, Mozhgan Maleki * 2, Fatemeh Veisy 2 1. Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Science and Research Branch, Iran. 2. Department of Psychology Student, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Science and Research Branch, Iran. *Corresponding author: iaumaleki@yahoo.com ABSTRACT Psychological studies in families have shown that the effects of divorce emotional - mental, because of its progressive nature in every area of life, health, family and endangers society. Is associated with psychological problems. Coping respoes, cognitive methods that are used to dealing with the concer of life and can be a function of the level of mental health. The aim of this study was to compare the mental health and coping respoes in women, divorced women and Ilam is in In this study, causal - comparative divorced women and 50 men, 40 women were randomly selected from Ilam wife. Subjects using Goldberg's General Health (GHQ), Billings and mouse as well as a test deal, chek list of demographic characteristics were examined. Data collected using independent t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient and analysis of variance were used. The mean scores for mental health divorcees 27.3 ± 8.9, and in women partners of 32.7 ± 8 was. Between mean scores of problemoriented and emotion-oriented coping respoes in women, divorced or, no significant differences existed between age, education and income were significantly associated with mental health. The difference between divorced women and women with a spouse, mental health and coping strategies, the difference was significant. Women who had divorced his wife, women had lower mental health. Coequence of divorce on psychological issues is one of the most important issues facing families, and inattention to this problem is caused by the breakdown of the family circle. KEYWORDS: coping respoes, mental health, the problem-oriented coping, emotion-oriented deal, divorced women. INTRODUCTION Any change in human life, both pleasant and unpleasant, requires a re-adjustment. How to cope with life changes and stresses resulting from these changes in different people and different situatio are different (Ramandy et al, 2013). Divorce and separation, the most important part of the fundamental structure of the disunity of society, the family. Divorce, the word mea to get rid of a conventional marriage and is phenomenon. Divorce allows men and women under circumstances of marital bonds are broken and separated (Malek Mahmoudi, 2002). Divorce on women's personal and social life and psychological status of this group is impressive. Coping strategies, as a cognitive efforts are aimed at the person requiring special management, internal - external and overcome conflicts that are beyond his personal resources, launches (Lazarus, 1991). According to the definitio and theoretical approaches have been proposed to counter the perception, perhaps in a general conclusion it can be deemed to cotitute a cognitive or behavioral efforts to manage situatio in which From the perspective of a person, stressful. Moreover, only a coping strategy or a dimeion cannot be adapted or bad compromise is reached. Rather, the quality or process of coping strategies can only be evaluated based on its outcome (Aldridge and Roesch, 2007). In a general classification, there are two types of coping strategies. 1 deal focused. The aim of this strategy, problem solving or doing something to alter the source of stress. (2) emotion-focused coping. The purpose of this type of coping strategies, reducing or managing the emotional distress that is associated with the position (Folkman and Lazarus, 1980). In areas related to mental health and coping strategies, we can say that mental health is a two-way interaction with the following. Meanwhile, the election results and the use of effective coping strategies and stress is proportional to the change. On the other hand, in light of the underlying psychological space that is safe, accurate identification and assessment of stressful situatio in order to choose the right approach to effective, enabled 6. WHO, mental health is the ability to create harmonious relatiohips with others, ability to changed social environment, and appropriate resolution of conflicts Mnttqy knows itinctively and personal desires. So that an individual can bring a balanced mix of contradictio. By definition, this organization offers, the main role of mental health, mental health providers to help them to develop the mental powers and talents. In fact, mental health is based on three pillars: a) Mental Health. B) Eradication of pathoge and prevention of mental illnesses. C) Create fertile ground for the growth and development Volume- 4 Issue- 3 (2015) ISSN: (p); (e) 2015 DAMA International. All rights reserved. 16

2 of the personality and talents to their maximum potential. The psychology of health, the role of coping strategies in the physical and mental health, it is of great importance. Coping strategies as mediators between stress and disease have been identified (Carver et al, 1993).slamt psychologically, as a theoretical cotruct that serves as a unified whole set of physical features, habits, desires, feelings, thoughts and behaviors that the person might become relatively stable characteristics and traits described (Farmahin Farahani, 2009). Mental health is as important structures, it can have a large influence on individual skills such as coping skills, have. The results confirm that the problem is different. Ghazanfari and Poor Ezatollah (2008), showed that there is a significant relatiohip between mental health and coping strategies. And somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression are less likely to be. Conversely, the person coping strategies to deal more exercise, fewer mental health benefits. Physical harm, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression will be greater. Passing (2003), to investigate the relatiohip between mental health and coping techniques and problem-focused coping skills that enhance the mental health of the program, plays a role. Mental health of teenagers has increased. Wickrama et al., (2006), a study of the financial and physical health conditio showed that divorced women divorced women compared to women, higher levels of severe economic distress experienced. The show higher rates of poor self-assessed health. Lorenz et al (2006), a study of short-term and longterm effects of divorce on women, found that divorced women compared with women significantly in the years following the divorce, higher levels of stress and a decade later, showed higher levels of disease. Higher levels of stressful life events and the women that eventually led to depression, experience. Amin Khoi et al (2011) in their study showed that the measures of coping skills and mental health questionnaire and its subscales, there was a significant inverse relatiohip. Also, regression analysis revealed that the more active coping skills, the most important predictor of mental health and its subscales (somatic symptoms, anxiety and iomnia); deal of intellectual skills, the most important predictor of inefficacy protective social and coping skills, the most important predictor of the subjects had severe depression. Pahlevani et al (2002) showed in their study group infertile compared to fertile group also experienced greater stress and had lower mental health. Also, the Infertile men than women infertile, had less stress and better mental health. Most infertility cases, less effective coping strategies, which were used, lower mental health, but in a focused and emotion-focused coping strategies were not significantly different. The infertile women were significantly more infertile men were less useful coping strategies. The Hafarian et al (2009) showed that the mean scores of all dimeio of quality of life (physical health, psychological, social relatiohips and environment) was significantly lower than divorced women divorced women. With regard to the content expressed or relying on existing literature, this study aimed to evaluate in a comparative study, coping skills and mental health among women and divorced women is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methods: The study was a causal - comparative. The population of the women are and divorced women, the simple random sampling, two-group were., for this purpose, the following two standardized questionnaires were used. 1 Questionnaire coping respoes Billings and mouse: The questionnaire coists of 19 items, which are two main ways to deal with stress, coping as problem-focused and emotion-focused coping measures. Poorshahbaz, reliability and Step Hosseini, test-retest reliability coefficient of the questionnaire 0.97 and Enayatian 0.39 have reported it (quoting Poorshahbaz). Two. 28-item questionnaire (Short Form) mental health screening test is most known in psychiatry has had a huge impact on the progress of research (Henderson, 1990). The questionnaire was separated by Goldberg (1979) for people with mental disorders than the general population, medical centers, is built. The purpose of this questionnaire has been tralated into 36 languages. Many researchers (Chiong and Spirese, 1994) stated that the questionnaire used in both clinical and community applicatio (Yaghobi, 1995). Robi Virax (1981) believe that public health testing is the ability to assess the severity of mental disorders. The text of the questionnaire about general health status with an emphasis on psychological issues in the present. In all questio, participants have an option that would correspond to the situation further. Subjects responded to each question on a four-degree range is much less than usual, less than usual, as always and more than ever determined. In all of the optio below levels indicative of good health and high values indicate lack of health in the individual. The questionnaire covers four sub-scales are as follows: Volume- 4 Issue- 3 (2015) ISSN: (p); (e) 2015 DAMA International. All rights reserved. 17

3 A) physical symptoms: 7 females accounted for the (questio 1 to 7). Headache, feeling of weakness, feeling the need to strengthen and feel hot or cold medicine in your body is examined. B) symptoms of anxiety: an account of Article 7 (Questio 8 and 14). Anxiety, iomnia, anxiety and anger being pressured to examine the. C) impaired social interaction: an account of Article 7 (questio 15 to 21). Ability to perform everyday tasks satisfaction, perceived usefulness, ability to learn and fun to review the activities of daily living. D) D) symptoms of depression: an account of Article 7 (questio 22 to 28). Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, feeling worthless life, suicidal thoughts and dreams of death and disability in performing the task (Goldberg & Hiller, 1979). For scoring, there are two methods: the first method, the optio are (0, 0, 1, 1) are evaluated. The person will vary from 0 to 28. Second, respoes are based on Likert scoring (0, 1, 2, 3). The result is a score from zero to 84 in a swing. In both methods, a score lower, indicating a more favorable mental health. In this study, the Likert scoring method was used. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire in several studies, is ideal. Factor analysis of the questionnaire data were collected from 15 different cultures and languages, the stability of the subscales of depression and social dysfunction is confirmed. Taghavi (2011), the general health questionnaire (28 questio) using three testretest split-half and Cronbach's alpha, respectively, equivalent to 0.70, 0.93 and 0.90 Results. Montazeri et al (2002), Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability, 0.87 Reported. Degradation and depletion data spss18 software using Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test was performed. RESULTS Table 1: Comparison of the two study groups in terms of their demographic characteristics Demographic characteristics The amount of income Education Age SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean Married women women T-test. Comparison of two divorced and for age, education and income, so it did not show significant differences, indicating the proximity of these features in the two groups together. Table 2: Differences between the two groups for mental health Significant level. t df Mean - SD ± ± 8 Number Groups Married According to the results in the table above, the mean scores on the mental health of and divorced women, showed a significant difference between the two groups, so that the mental health of women, divorced women with bottom is more. Table 3 Comparison of the coping strategies of divorced women and Significant f standard deviation -Mean Group ± ± ± ± Type of Confronting Cognitive Assessment Social support Volume- 4 Issue- 3 (2015) ISSN: (p); (e) 2015 DAMA International. All rights reserved. 18

4 ± ± ± ± ± ± Emotional Inhibition Solve of problem-based Based on physical containment (Physical problems) According to the above table, the comparison of coping strategies between the two groups, it was found that divorced women are more emotional inhibition as a coping strategy use. Married women, problem solving coping style than other types of countermeasures to employ. Table 4: Results of ANOVA P< F MS DF SS SOV Intergroup Iide group Total As is clear from the above table, the difference between groups is statistically significant and can be said to have divorced women and women in mental health and coping strategies are significantly different. Ie, at least one component of problem solving, emotional inhibition inhibits physical, cognitive appraisal and social support among divorced women and healthy, there is a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Divorce, legal separation, even for women who have been stresses is not necessarily an end. But, in the final stages of marriage or after a divorce, events and processes (mediators), there is a new, capable of emotio, behavior and affect the health of the divorced woman. In support of the former spouse, or child custody visits, lack of emotional support due to lower sibling relatiohip, friends and neighbors, reduced economic activity, and other events that disrupt the normal process of life, such as moving from the environment and expeive the local poor and unfit living facilities. These mediators, provides mechanisms. Through their divorce or welfare of divorced women affects performance and the level lowers their quality of life. This study aims to determine the difference between people with different levels of mental health and coping style in stressful situatio is performed. Results are significant differences among the three levels of self-esteem, coping strategies for indicated. This result is coistent with findings by researchers such as Campbell and Laval (1993) is a high correlation between mental health and coping ability were shown. The results showed that, compared with other women, divorced women, faced with more problems. And the evaluation of the event and the stress of it, is higher than women. When all subjects (divorced and ) in terms of the use of different coping skills and its effect on mental health, were examined, it was observed that most of the people who use emotion-focused coping strategy, compared to those less use of coping strategies, they have lower mental health. The results showed that emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies can variance in anxiety, physical harm, depression and social dysfunction; (the mental health component) to significantly explain. In this case, the increased use of coping strategies, increased anxiety, depression and physical harm agrees. And reduce the use of problem-oriented approach, with a corresponding increase in social dysfunction. Thus, coping style, physical and mood symptoms more effectively. However, problem-centered approach, based more on personal interaction and social function affects. This finding is coistent with results that Gaz and mouse, Folkman and Lazarus, Berlin and saccular coistent (Pearlin and Schooler, 2005; Lazarus and Folkaman, 1984). women, compared with other women deal with the problems and stresses of life, coping strategies based on physical and emotional inhibition inhibitor use. In fact, itead of solving problems, it is physical. Thus, we can say that the way to deal with stress and emotional problems in life, women had more psychological distress when a Volume- 4 Issue- 3 (2015) ISSN: (p); (e) 2015 DAMA International. All rights reserved. 19

5 drug addict and emotional disarray. And not only that, they do not overcome the situation and its pressure, but also their emotion-focused coping style, on her own confusion in urease activity. In addition, women with dependent spouse, than patients without the use of problem-solving strategies. In the event of a problem, seeking solutio to change their position. According to the findings, we conclude that the frequency of life events on the risk of disease. And women with dependent spouse, due to lack of exposure to stressful events in life, and incur high stress. Therefore, in dealing with problems rather than problem-centered act, react emotionally, and, part of the time and energy they spend their psychological problems caused by the materialization of the conflict. As a result, they have taken the opportunity to resolve the problem. They solve problems rather than just in passing, it's emotional or physical reduce impulsive behavior. However, the long-term solution to the problems increase. Ways of coping as a mediating variable in the stress-illness relatiohip works. Depending on coping strategy, efficient or inefficient, dealing with problems, will be active or inactive. The results can be found in the area of prevention, applied by trained clinical psychologists. Because this disorder is common in medical environments, and divorced women, and they are difficult to physically go to a hospital for treatment, they close collaboration between physicia and psychologists specializing in behavioral medicine, it seems necessary. In the future, the researchers conducted a study on the impact of education on life skills and coping skills to deal with the difficulties of living in divorced women is recommended. REFERENCES Aldridge A.A. and Roesch S.C. (2007). Developing coping typologies of minority adolescents: A latent profile analysis. Adolescence. 31: Amini Khoi, N., Shykhyany, M., Fakori, Z. (2011). The relatiohip between coping skills and mental health among female student teachers. J. Women Society, Summer (2): Carver C.S., Pozo C., Harris S.D., Noriega V, Scheier M.F. Robion D.S, Ketcham A.S. (1993). How coping mediates the effect of optimism and distress: A study of women with early stage breast cancer. J. Personality Social Psychol. 65: Farmahin Farahani, M., (2009). Cross cultural education, dissemination of knowledge and secrets. Folkman S, Lazarus RS. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle aged community sample. Health Soc Behave;21, Ghazanfari F., Ghadam poor E. (2008). The relatiohip between coping and mental health of the residents of the city of Khorramabad. Journal of Mental Health. 1. Hafarian, L., Aghaei, A., Kajbaf M.B., Kamkar. M. (2009). Comparison of quality of life in women and its relatiohip with demographic Ghyrmtlqh divorced in Shiraz. J. Applied Psychol. Islamic Azad Univ. Sci. Res. Branch (Isfahan) number forty-one autumn, Lazarus R.S. and Folkaman S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springe: Lazarus R.S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. Oxford: Oxford University Press; P.112. Lorenz, O.F. & Wickrama, S., K A. & Conger, D.R. & Elder, H.G. (2006). The short-term and decade-long effects of divorce on wome midlife health. J. Health Social Behaviar (NLM-MEDLINE). 47(2):111. Malek Mahmoudi A. (2002). After a divorce. Isfahan Shahid Hssyn Publicatio understood. Pahlavani H., Malekoti S.K., Shahrokh-Tehraninezhad E. and Myrspasy A. (2002). Stressors, coping strategies and its relation to mental health in infertile patients. J. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. (thoughts and behavior (Spring 2002; 7, 4) s 28. Pearlin LI, Schooler C. (2005). The structure of coping. J. Health Social Behavior. 19: Ramandy M., Share Hussain S.I, Khormaei F., Mirzae A. (2013). The role of coping strategies on psychological problems in diabetics. J. Ilam Univ. Medical Sci. 21: Wickrama S.KA. Lorenz O.F. Conger, D.R. Elder H.G. Abraham, T.W. Fang A.Sh. (2006). Changes in family financial circumstance and the physical health of and recently divorced mothers. Social Sci. Medicine, 63(1): Volume- 4 Issue- 3 (2015) ISSN: (p); (e) 2015 DAMA International. All rights reserved. 20