The term demodicosis has been used to describe cutaneous
|
|
- Edmund Boyd
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Cornea In Vivo Evaluation of Ocular Demodicosis Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy Takashi Kojima, 1,2,3 Reiko Ishida, 3,4 Enrique Adan Sato, 1 Tetsuya Kawakita, 2 Osama M. A. Ibrahim, 1 Yukihiro Matsumoto, 1 Minako Kaido, 1,2 Murat Dogru, 1 and Kazuo Tsubota 2 From the 1 Johnson & Johnson Department of Ocular Surface and Visual Optics, and the 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and 4 Ishida Eye Clinic, Shizuoka, Japan. 3 Contributed equally to the work and therefore should be considered equivalent authors. Presented in part at the 2010 Japan Cornea Congress, Sendai, Japan, February 13 15, Submitted for publication March 5, 2010; revised June 15, 2010; accepted August 1, Disclosure: T. Kojima, None; R. Ishida, None; E.A. Sato, None; T. Kawakita, None; O.M.A. Ibrahim, None; Y. Matsumoto, None; M. Kaido, None; M. Dogru, None; K. Tsubota, None Corresponding author: Murat Dogru, Johnson & Johnson Department of Ocular Surface and Visual Optics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, , Japan; muratodooru2005@yahoo.co.jp. PURPOSE. To investigate the applicability of in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy in the diagnosis and follow-up of ocular demodicosis infestation in a prospective controlled study. METHODS. Fifteen right eyes of 15 patients with blepharitis associated with cylindrical dandruff (10 males, 5 females; mean age: years) and eight right eyes of eight age- and sex-matched control subjects underwent HRTII/RCM, evaluation of ocular symptom scores, tear function tests including vital stainings, Schirmer test, and tear clearance test, and evaluation of mite numbers in the eyelids. RESULTS. In vivo confocal microscopy effectively disclosed the mites in the terminal bulbs of the eyelashes, which were not observed after treatment. Eyelids with demodicosis infestation showed marked inflammatory infiltrates around the meibomian glands and conjunctiva, which cleared with tea tree oil treatment. CONCLUSIONS. Laser scanning confocal microscopy seems to be an efficient noninvasive tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of ocular demodicosis infestation. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52: ) DOI: /iovs The term demodicosis has been used to describe cutaneous diseases caused by Demodex mites, among which Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are common commensals of the pilosebaceous units in human beings. 1,2 The face, scalp, and upper chest are reportedly common sites for infestation. D. folliculorum is occasionally found in the follicular infundibulum, whereas D. brevis is most commonly encountered in sebaceous ducts and meibomian glands. Demodex mites may play a pathogenic role when they are in excessive numbers 1,3 5 or penetrating into the dermis, 6,7 and in dermatology practices, they have been implicated in papulopustular rosacea, 3,4 pityriasis folliculorum, 5,8 rosacea-like demodicosis, 9 demodicosis gravis (granulomatous rosacea-like demodicosis), 10 and blepharitis. 11 Kheirkhah et al. 12 provided strong evidence supporting the notion that blepharitis was frequently associated with miteharboring cylindrical dandruff in eyelashes and that Demodex infestation in eyelashes also manifested trichiasis, meibomian gland dysfunction with lipid tear deficiency, and conjunctival inflammation, 13 together with features of corneal disease at presentation that were serious enough to prompt the referring physician to suspect limbal stem cell deficiency. The presence and density of Demodex mites can be studied by potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparations of follicular plugs, skin scrapings, and skin biopsy specimens. 14,15 Kheirkhah et al. 16 recently reported that addition of fluorescein solution after mounting further increased the proficiency of detecting and counting mites embedded in cylindrical dandruff of epilated eyelashes. Confocal microscopy is a new emerging noninvasive technology for evaluating the tissue structure and cell phenotype in vivo, which is useful as a supplementary diagnostic tool for the assessment of the histopathological processes in many ocular surface diseases and anterior-segment disorders, including the in vivo examination of the cornea, bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva, and meibomian glands. The process has been reported to be useful in the investigation of the morphology of normal human corneas and pathologic alterations in dry eyes, diabetes, acanthamoeba keratitis, infectious corneal ulcers, herpetic keratitis, keratoconus, aging, contact lens wear, and refractive surgical procedures In this prospective controlled study, we investigated the applicability of in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy in the diagnosis and follow-up of ocular demodicosis infestation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifteen right eyes of 15 patients with blepharitis associated with cylindrical dandruff (10 males, 5 females; mean age: years) and eight right eyes of eight age- and sex-matched control subjects were studied in this study. Subjects who were referred to us with chronic blepharitis associated with cylindrical dandruff not responding to a previous treatment consisting of infant shampoo lid scrubbing, topical steroids, and antibiotic eye drops for more than 8 weeks were included in this study. Those patients who had any history of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, chemical, thermal, or radiation injury, keratoconus, ocular or systemic disease including atopic keratoconjunctivitis, a history of ocular surgery, or contact lens or drug use that would alter the ocular surface were excluded. No patient was being treated with systemic steroids, prostaglandin inhibitors, or topical or systemic immunosuppressants at the time of inclusion in the study. A conventional slit-lamp microscopic examination was initially performed. The subjects then underwent tear function and ocular surface examinations, including tear film break-up time measurements, fluorescein and Rose Bengal Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, January 2011, Vol. 52, No. 1 Copyright 2011 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc. 565
2 566 Kojima et al. IOVS, January 2011, Vol. 52, No. 1 staining of the ocular surface, the Schirmer test I, and finally the confocal scanning laser microscopy of the entire eyelid. Confocal laser scanning examinations were done on the control subjects as well by the same investigator, who was masked to the diagnosis of the subjects. The examination procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board, and the study conformed to the ethical principles for research involving human subjects as outlined in the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consents were obtained from all subjects after receiving an explanation of the nature and possible consequences of taking part in the study. Assessment of Ocular Symptom Visual Analog Scale Scores Patients were asked about the symptoms of itching and foreign body sensation, and the intensity of symptoms was evaluated before and after tee tree oil treatment using visual analog scales (VAS) scores. Absence of itching or foreign body sensation constituted a score of zero points on the visual analog pain scales, and the presence of intense, unbearable symptoms was considered a full pain score of 100 points. Briefly, the visual analog symptom scales were prepared as 10 cm lines, and the patients were asked to check a point on the line corresponding to their degree of symptoms. Ocular Surface Vital Staining The ocular surface was examined by fluorescein staining. 27 Briefly, 2 L of preservative-free 0.5% fluorescein dye was instilled in the conjunctival sac. The fluorescein staining was scored according to the protocol described by Shimmura et al. 28 The cornea was divided into three equal areas of upper, middle, and inferior corneal compartments. Each compartment was graded on a scale of zero (no staining) to three points (intense staining). A fluorescein staining score above one point was considered abnormal (maximum: nine points). Tear Quantity Evaluation To evaluate the tear quantity, a Schirmer test without anesthesia was performed. Briefly, the sterilized Schirmer strip (Showa Yakuhin Kako Co., Tokyo, Japan) was placed in the lateral conjunctival fornix for 5 minutes. The length of the wet portion was measured. A value of 5 mm was considered abnormal. In Vivo Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy In vivo laser confocal microscopy was performed on all subjects with a new-generation confocal microscope (Rostock Corneal Software Version 1.2 of the HRTII-RCM; Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II- Rostock Cornea Module, Heidelberg Engineering, Dossenheim, Germany). After topical anesthesia with 0.4% oxybuprocaine, the subject s chin was placed on the chin rest. The objective of the microscope was an immersion lens covered by a polymethylmethacrylate cap (Tomo-Cap; Heidelberg Engineering). Comfort gel (Bausch & Lomb GmbH, Berlin, Germany) was used as a coupling agent between applanating lens cap and the ocular surface. After an examiner asked the patient to look downward, the center of the polymethylmethacrylate cap was applanated onto the eyelid margins by adjusting the controller, and the digital images of the underlying eyelash bulbs of three central eyelashes, palpebral conjunctiva, and meibomian glands were observed on the computer screen. These eyelashes were also marked before confocal examination on the eyelid so that the same eyelashes could be removed for light microscopy examination. When the first superficial epithelial cells were visualized, the digital micrometer gauge was set at zero, and then by pressing on the foot pedal, sequence images were recorded while gradually moving the focal plane into the subepithelial tissue. The eyelids were scanned all along while moving the applanating lens from the nasal toward the temporal lid margin with minute horizontal movements. Ten sequences each containing 100 frames were taken in each eye, and ten non-overlapping frames with the best resolution were selected from each sequence. The length of a single confocal microscopy examination session was approximately 10 minutes. None of the subjects complained of discomfort, nor was any adverse effect observed after an examination in this series. Light Microscopic Evaluation of Ocular Demodicosis Ocular demodicosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of epilated, previously marked lashes according to a modified method recently reported by Gao et al. 12 Briefly, under a slit-lamp biomicroscope at a magnification of 25, three central lashes with cylindrical dandruff from the superior eyelid were removed by fine forceps, placed separately on each end of a glass slide, and mounted with a separate coverslip. The number of mites was counted immediately, and the Demodex count was recorded as the mean number of mites/lash and compared after tea tree oil treatment using the Wilcoxon test. Weekly lid scrubs with 50% tea tree oil and daily lid scrubs with tea tree shampoo also were advised for the patients for a minimum of 6 weeks, according to a regimen recently reported by Gao et al., 29 but the healthy control subjects were not given any treatment. The medical records, including the history of present illness, complete eye examination results, and external photographs, also were reviewed for the first visits and subsequent follow-up visit to compare the changes in subjective symptoms, objective ocular surface signs documented by external photography, and Demodex count. Statistical Analyses A Wilcoxon test was performed to analyze the differences in symptom scores and tear function examinations between subjects and controls before and after treatment with tea tree oil. Age and sex differences were studied by 2 analysis. A P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant (Instat software for Macintosh; GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA). RESULTS All patients in whom both in vivo confocal microscopy and light microscopy examinations revealed Demodex infestation had cylindrical dandruff of the eyelashes. The dandruff observed before treatment cleared up with 6 weeks of tea tree oil treatment. All patients had notable conjunctival inflammation and eyelid margin injection at presentation as evidenced by redness involving bulbar areas and tarsal areas. All patients in this series had meibomian gland dysfunction, defined by cloudy secretions and poor expression of the meibum on digital expression. None of the control subjects were observed to have dandruff on their eyelashes. Ocular Symptom VAS Scores The mean VAS scores for itchiness and foreign body sensation were significantly higher in patients with demodicosis infestation before treatment compared with posttreatment scores and VAS scores of healthy control subjects (P 0.05). The mean VAS scores for itchiness and foreign body sensation decreased significantly after 6 weeks of treatment (P 0.05; Table 1). Ocular Surface Vital Staining The mean fluorescein staining score was significantly higher in patients with demodicosis infestation before treatment compared with posttreatment scores and scores of healthy control subjects (P 0.05). The mean fluorescein staining score decreased significantly after 6 weeks of treatment in patients with demodicosis infestation (P 0.05; Table 1).
3 IOVS, January 2011, Vol. 52, No. 1 Confocal Microscopy Evaluation for Ocular Demodicosis 567 TABLE 1. Ocular Symptom Visual Analog Scale Scores and Fluorescein Staining Scores in Control Subjects as well as Patients with Demodicosis Infestation before and after Treatment Tear Quantity Results Schirmer test results were above 10 mm in all patients with demodicosis and healthy control subjects. There were no significant differences in Schirmer test values between patients and controls as well as the Schirmer test values before and after treatment in patients (data not shown). In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Evaluation of Demodicosis Infestation In vivo confocal microscopy examination effectively disclosed the mites in all patients with cylindrical eyelash dandruff. Representative in vivo confocal microscopy images of the eyelash bulbs in a 72-year-old female patient with demodicosis and a healthy female control subject are shown in Figure 1. In vivo confocal microscopy examination showed consistent dilatation of meibomian gland acinar units surrounding the infested eyelashes with periglandular inflammatory infiltrates mainly consisting of dendritic cells in all patients with demodicosis. Similarly, the palpebral conjunctiva adjacent to the eyelid margin showed marked inflammatory infiltrates in all patients. The acinar dilatation appeared to improve with tea tree oil treatment together with resolution of periglandular and conjunctival inflammatory cell infiltrates. Representative in vivo confocal microscopy images of the meibomian gland acinar units before and after treatment, as well as the palpebral conjunctiva in the same patient shown in Figure 1A, are shown in Figures 1C F. The anterior segment photograph of the eyelid, in vivo confocal microscopy, and light microscopy images of a central lash in another 68-year-old female patient with demodicosis before treatment are shown in Figures 2A, 2C, and 2E, respectively. Posttreatment anterior segment photograph of the eyelid, in vivo confocal microscopy, and light microscopy images of a central lash are shown in Figures 2B, 2D, and 2F, respectively. The mean mite count/lash was observed to decrease significantly with treatment in both in vivo confocal microscopy and light microscopy examinations (P 0.05; Table 2). Although the mean mite count/lash tended to be higher in confocal microscopy examinations when compared with the mite counts in light microscopy, there were no statistically significant differences in mean mite counts between the two methodologies (P 0.05; Table 2). DISCUSSION Itchiness VAS Score Foreign Body Sensation VAS Score Fluorescein Staining Score Demodex patients before treatment Demodex patients after treatment Control subjects VAS, visual analog scale. The Demodex is a microscopic, elongated mite that is a very common parasite, with only D. folliculorum and D. brevis found in the human skin. 30 The mite has a head-neck part and a body-tail part, with four pairs of stumpy legs. The adult D. folliculorum has a length of mm and is found in small hair follicles. D. brevis is mm long and lives embedded in the sebaceous glands. Both species appear to coexist in the same skin area and especially tend to gather in the forehead, face, nose, cheeks, and external ear tract. 31 Previous ophthalmological studies showed D. folliculorum to be attached to the lash follicle, whereas D. brevis appears to be embedded deep into the lash s sebaceous gland and the meibomian glands. 32 Several pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed for demodicosis, including (1) blockage of hair follicles and sebaceous ducts by the mites or the reactive hyperkeratosis, (2) stimulation of the host s humoral and cell-mediated immune reactions by the mites and their waste products, (3) a foreign body granulomatous reaction to the mite s chitinous skeleton, and (4) a vector role for bacteria. 1,4,33 Recently, Lacey et al. 34 reported that antigenic proteins related to Bacillus oleronius isolated from D. folliculorum mites are capable of stimulating an inflammatory response in FIGURES 1. (A, B) Representative in vivo confocal microscopy images of the eyelash bulbs in a 72-year-old female patient with demodicosis and a healthy female control subject. Note the heavy Demodex infestation of the eyelash in the patient and the absence of mites in the control subject. (C F) Representative in vivo confocal microscopy images of the meibomian gland acinar units before and after treatment as well as the palpebral conjunctiva in the same patient shown in (A). Note the dilatation of meibomian gland acinar units surrounding the infested eyelashes with periglandular inflammatory infiltrates mainly consisting of dendritic cells (C). Similarly, the palpebral conjunctiva adjacent to the eyelid margin showed marked inflammatory infiltrates (E). The acinar dilatation appeared to improve with tea tree oil treatment together with resolution of periglandular and conjunctival inflammatory cell infiltrates (D, F).
4 568 Kojima et al. IOVS, January 2011, Vol. 52, No. 1 FIGURE 2. (A, B) Representative anterior segment photographs of the eyelid in a 68-year-old female patient with demodicosis before and after treatment. Note the clearance of dandruff and resolution of eyelid injection. (C, D) In vivo confocal microscopy images of a central lash before and after treatment. Note the disappearance of the mites with tea tree oil treatment. (E, F) Light microscopy images of epilated central lashes before and after treatment. Note the disappearance of the mites with tea tree oil treatment. patients with papulopustular rosacea. In relation to ocular inflammation, Kheirkhah et al. 35 described clinical features of inflammation including blepharitis, meibomitis, bulbar and palbebral conjunctival injection, and a wide spectrum of corneal lesions, including superficial corneal vascularization, marginal corneal infiltration phlyctenule-like lesions, and nodular corneal scars. Akilov and Mumcuoglu 36 showed that an increasing density of the mites was associated with an increasing trend of apoptosis in lymphocytes, which could result in local immunosuppression, allowing the mites to survive in the host. Accumulating evidence in the dermatology literature suggests that symptoms may develop when the hair follicles become heavily infested, or when the mites penetrate into the dermal tissue. 5 Although our study could not provide information on the correlation of symptom severity scores and mite density, which obviously needs a larger study population, the patients in the current series had very high itching and foreign body sensation VAS scores. Indeed, a recent study by Lee et al. 37 showed a strong correlation between eyelid Demodex counts and the severity of the ocular discomfort as well as increased age. Previous histopathology studies in the dermatology literature revealed dense perivascular and perifollicular infiltrates, often with abundant neutrophils and occasionally with multinucleated histiocytes, excessive Demodex mites in follicular infundibula, and infundibular pustules containing mites in perifollicular inflammatory infiltrates. 38 In a study by Vollmer, 39 83% of the follicles with mites showed inflammation. It has been suggested that an increasing density of mites correlated with an increasing perifollicular inflammation and clinical manifestations. 3 A density of 5 mites/follicle or 5 mites/ cm 2 of skin biopsy specimens has been considered to be pathogenic. 2,3 Until now, the density of Demodex mites has been traditionally studied by KOH preparations of follicular plugs, skin scrapings, and skin biopsy specimens in dermatology literature and light microscopic examination of epilated eyelashes in ophthalmology. 14,15 Kheirkhah et al. 16 suggested among other methods that fluorescein dye staining improved microscopic evaluation and counting of Demodex in blepharitis with cylindrical dandruff. We tried to find out whether in vivo confocal microscopy would be effective in the diagnosis and follow-up of the eyelid disease in patients with blepharitis associated with cylindrical dandruff. Our results suggested that this technology not only effectively disclosed the mites embedded in the bulbs but also provided additional useful information on the meibomian gland/conjunctival disease, the features of which were acinar dilatation, periglandular inflammation, and conjunctival inflammatory infiltrates. In vivo confocal microscopy was also helpful in following the course of the eyelidmeibomian-conjunctival disease with tea tree oil treatment revealing resolution of inflammatory cells, resolution of acinar dilatation, and clearance of the mites with an obvious and significant decrease in mean mite counts in the eyelashes. Further improvements in relation to resolution of this new technology might allow us to visualize the eggs of the novice mites and tailor our treatment strategies accordingly. Likewise, future studies on larger populations establishing the cutoff value for mite density that causes clinically significant ocular surface disease and studies looking into the correlation between eyelid mite density assessed by confocal microscopy and corneal epithelial and meibomian gland disease severity will provide invaluable information. Although statistically insignificant, it was of interest that the mean mite counts in confocal microscopy were higher than the counts obtained by light microscopy, which may be owing to the in vivo examination of the mites, while the mites could be lost during epilation or coverslipping for light microscopy examination. Some patients may experience pain during epilation for light microscopy evaluation of the eyelashes. The painless nature of in vivo confocal microscopy examination compared with epilation may be another advantage of this technology. On the other hand, it is sometimes quite difficult to show the mites embedded in dandruff attached to the midportion of the eyelashes because of lack of stability of the examination background in confocal microscopy where mites embedded within the dandruff can be visualized with ease ex vivo when epilated and coverslipped with this technology. Finally, in accordance with data coming mostly from studies by Gao et al., 13,29 we found 50% tea tree oil treatment to be effective based on our in vivo observations on the improvement of meibomian gland disease, eyelid inflammatory status, and clearance of the mites from the base of the eyelashes. In conclusion, we found laser scanning confocal microscopy to be an efficient noninvasive TABLE 2. Mean Mite Counts in Eye Lashes Assessed by Confocal and Light Microscopy before and after Tea Tree Oil Treatment Mean Mite Count/ Lash before Treatment Mean Mite Count/ Lash after Treatment Confocal microscopy Light microscopy
5 IOVS, January 2011, Vol. 52, No. 1 Confocal Microscopy Evaluation for Ocular Demodicosis 569 tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of ocular demodicosis infestation. References 1. Baima B, Sticherling M. Demodicidosis revisited. Acta Derm Venereol. 2002;82: Erbagci Z, Ozgoztasi O. The significance of Demodex folliculorum density in rosacea. Int J Dermatol. 1998;37: Forton F, Seys B. Density of Demodex folliculorum in rosacea: a case-control study using standardized skin-surface biopsy. Br J Dermatol. 1993;128: Bonnar E, Eustace P, Powell FC. The Demodex mite population in rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;28: Ayres S Jr, Ayres S III. Demodectic eruptions (demodicidosis) in the human: 30 years experience with 2 commonly unrecognized entities; pityriasis folliculorum (Demodex) and acne rosacea (Demodex type). Arch Dermatol. 1961;83: Ecker RI, Winkelmann RK. Demodex granuloma. Arch Dermatol. 1979;115: Hoekzema R, Hulsebosch HJ, Bos JD. Demodicidosis or rosacea: what did we treat? Br J Dermatol. 1995;133: Dominey A, Tschen J, Rosen T, Batres E, Stern JK. Pityriasis folliculorum revisited. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;21: Ayres S Jr, Mihan R. Rosacea-like demodicidosis involving the eyelids: a case report. Arch Dermatol. 1967;95: De Dulanto F, Camacho-Martinez F. Demodicidosis gravis [in French]. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1979;106: Post CF, Juhlin E. Demodex folliculorum and blepharitis. Arch Dermatol. 1963;88: Gao Y-Y, Di Pascuale MA, Li W, et al. High prevalence of ocular Demodex in lashes with cylindrical dandruffs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46: Gao Y-Y, Di Pascuale M, Elizondo A, Tseng SCG. Clinical treatment of ocular demodicosis by lid scrub with tea tree oil. Cornea. 2007;26: Karincaoglu Y, Bayram N, Aycan O, Esrefoglu M. The clinical importance of Demodex folliculorum presenting with nonspecific facial signs and symptoms. J Dermatol. 2004;31: Plewig G, Kligman AM. The Role of Demodex. Berlin: Springer; 2000: Kheirkhah A, Blanco G, Casas V, Tseng SCG. Fluorescein dye improves microscopic evaluation and counting of demodex in blepharitis with cylindrical dandruff. Cornea. 2007;26: Benitez del Castillo JM, Wasfy MA, Fernandez C, Garcia-Sanchez J. An in vivo confocal masked study on corneal epithelium and subbasal nerves in patients with dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(9): Kobayashi A, Yoshita T, Sugiyama K. In vivo findings of the bulbar/ palpebral conjunctiva and presumed meibomian glands by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Cornea. 2005;24(8): Messmer EM, Mackert MJ, Zapp DM, Kampik A. In vivo confocal microscopy of normal conjunctiva and conjunctivitis. Cornea. 2006;25(7): Villani E, Galimberti D, Viola F, et al. The cornea in Sjögren s syndrome: an in vivo confocal study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48(5): Zhivov A, Stachs O, Kraak R, et al. In vivo confocal microscopy of the ocular surface. Ocul Surf. 2006;4(2): Zhang M, Chen J, Luo L, et al. Altered corneal nerves in aqueous tear deficiency viewed by in vivo confocal microscopy. Cornea. 2005;24(7): Hu Y, Adan ES, Matsumoto Y, et al. Conjunctival in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy in patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Mol Vis. 2007;13(8): Matsumoto Y, Dogru M, Sato EA, et al. The application of in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy in the management of Acanthamoeba keratitis. Mol Vis. 2007;13(7): Matsumoto Y, Sato EA, Ibrahim OM, et al. The application of in vivo laser confocal microscopy to the diagnosis and evaluation of meibomian gland dysfunction. Mol Vis. 2008;14(7): Ibrahim OM, Matsumoto Y, Dogru M, et al. The efficacy, sensitivity, and specificity of in vivo laser confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of meibomian gland dysfunction. Ophthalmology Feb 26. [Epub ahead of print]. 27. Toda I, Tsubota K. Practical double vital staining for ocular surface evaluation. Cornea. 1993;12: Shimmura S, Ono M, Shinozaki K, et al. Sodium hyaluronate eyedrops in the treatment of dry eyes. Br J Ophthalmol. 1995;79: Gao YY, Di Pascuale MA, Li W, Baradaran-Rafii A, et al. In vitro and in vivo killing of ocular demodex by tea tree oil. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89: English FP, Nutting WB. Demodicosis of ophthalmic concern. Am J Ophthalmol. 1981;91: Kamoun B, Fourati M, Feki J, et al. Blepharitis due to Demodex: myth or reality? [in French]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 1999;22: Humiczewska M. Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis (Acarida) as the factors of chronic marginal blepharitis [in Polish]. Wiad Parazytol. 1991;37: Rufli T, Buchner SA. T-cell subsets in acne rosacea lesions and the possible role of Demodex folliculorum. Dermatologica. 1984; 169: Lacey N, Delaney S, Kavanagh K, Powell FC. Mite-related bacterial antigens stimulate inflammatory cells in rosacea. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157: Kheirkhah A, Casas V, Li W, Raju VK, Tseng SCG. Corneal manifestations of ocular demodex infestation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007; 143: Akilov OE, Mumcuoglu KY. Immune response in demodicosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2004;18: Lee SH, Chun YS, Kim JH, Kim ES, Kim JC. The relationship between demodex and ocular discomfort. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51: Hsu C, Hsu MM, Lee Jy. Demodicosis. A clinicopathological study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60: Vollmer RT. Demodex-associated folliculitis. Am J Dermatopathol. 1996;18:
In Vivo Evaluation of Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Conjunctival Impression Cytology
Cornea In Vivo Evaluation of Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Conjunctival Impression Cytology Takashi Kojima, 1,2 Yukihiro Matsumoto, 1 Osama M. A. Ibrahim,
More informationDownloaded from sjsph.tums.ac.ir at 17:00 IRST on Tuesday October 30th
53-59 1 12 1393 : : : : : : : : : : - : 1392/10/7 : molavig@yahoo.com 1392/5/21 : :.... :. %10... (%92). 78 100 :.(p
More informationSeok Hyun Lee, Yeoun Sook Chun, Jae Hoon Kim, Eung Suk Kim, and Jae Chan Kim METHODS. Patients
Clinical and Epidemiologic Research The Relationship between Demodex and Ocular Discomfort Seok Hyun Lee, Yeoun Sook Chun, Jae Hoon Kim, Eung Suk Kim, and Jae Chan Kim PURPOSE. To determine the correlative
More informationAnn Dermatol Vol. 29, No. 2, 2017 https://doi.org/ /ad
Preference of the Measurement of Demodex Mites pissn 1013-9087ㆍeISSN 2005-3894 Ann Dermatol Vol. 29, No. 2, 2017 https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2017.29.2.137 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Demodex Mite Density Determinations
More informationPrevalence of Demodex Species Infestation in Patients with And Without Scaly Blepharitis
January, 2019 2019; Vol3; Issue 1 http://iamresearcher.online Prevalence of Demodex Species Infestation in Patients with And Without Scaly Blepharitis Ezhil vathani 1, Venmani. M 2, Malini. R 3 1 Department
More informationJKAU: Med. Sci., Vol. 17 No. 1, pp: 3-9 (2010 A.D. / 1431 A.H.) DOI: /Med Chronic Blepharitis
JKAU: Med. Sci., Vol. 17 No. 1, pp: 3-9 (2010 A.D. / 1431 A.H.) DOI: 10.4197/Med. 17-1.1 Chronic Blepharitis Amal A. Bukhari, MDS, FRCS Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz University
More informationEvidence for Technology in the Treatment of Advanced Dry Eye
Evidence for Technology in the Treatment of Advanced Dry Eye COPE 44435-AS Chris Lievens, OD, MS, FAAO Evidence for Technology in the Treatment of Advanced Dry Eye COPE: 44435-AS Chris Lievens, OD MS FAAO
More informationDry Eye Assessment and Management Study ELIGIBILITY OCULAR EVALUATION FORM
Page 1 of 13 BEFORE COMPLETING THE OCULAR EXAMINATION, YOU MUST BE ABLE TO ANSWER YES TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: Have you done MMP9? (SVonly) The Following are done at Baseline: Have you done Tear Osmolarity?
More informationIn Vivo Confocal Microscopy of Meibomian Glands in Sjögren s Syndrome
Cornea In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of Meibomian Glands in Sjögren s Syndrome Edoardo Villani, Silvia Beretta, Michela De Capitani, Daniela Galimberti, Francesco Viola, and Roberto Ratiglia PURPOSE. To
More informationPREVALENCE OF DEMODEX MITES IN EYELASHES AMONG PEOPLE OF OAXACA, MEXICO
Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica, 59 (2), pp. 257 262 (2012) DOI: 10.1556/AMicr.59.2012.2.10 PREVALENCE OF DEMODEX MITES IN EYELASHES AMONG PEOPLE OF OAXACA, MEXICO JAIME VARGAS-ARZOLA 1,LEOBARDO
More informationBlepharoconjunctivitis is a common eye disease in the
CLINICAL SCIENCE MS NO: ICO201750 Ocular Demodicosis as a Potential Cause of Pediatric Blepharoconjunctivitis Lingyi Liang, MD, PhD,* Steve Safran, MD, Yingying Gao, MD, Hosam Sheha, MD, PhD,* V. K. Raju,
More informationHigh incidence of demodicidosis in eyelid basal cell carcinomas
Oxford, IJD International 0011-9059 Blackwell 45 UK Publishing Journal Ltd. Ltd, of Dermatology 2003 Dermatologic surgery Demodicidosis Erbagci, Dermatologic Erbagci, surgery in and eyelid Erkiliç basal
More informationOptimizing the Ocular Surface. Presentation Title. Charlene M. Grice, Carolina Eyecare Physicians, LLC
Optimizing the Ocular Surface Presentation Title Presenter Charlene M. Grice, Name MD Carolina Eyecare Physicians, LLC Financial Disclosures I have no financial disclosures. I will discuss off label use
More informationChildhood corneal neovascularization
Miltos Balidis PhD, FEBOphth, ICOphth Sotiria Palioura MD,PhD Childhood corneal neovascularization Opacities Cornea clarity is essential for optimal vision at any age. In childhood, loss of corneal transparency
More informationConfocal microscopy is a noninvasive technology that is
Special Issue Application of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Dry Eye Disease Yukihiro Matsumoto and Osama M. A. Ibrahim Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Correspondence:
More informationSupplementary Online Content
Supplementary Online Content Uchino Y, Uchino M, Yokoi N, et al. Alteration of tear mucin 5AC in office workers using visual display terminals: the Osaka Study. JAMA Ophthalmol. Published online June 5,
More informationOCULAR SURFACE DISEASE SYNDROMES WAYNE ISAEFF, MD LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
OCULAR SURFACE DISEASE SYNDROMES WAYNE ISAEFF, MD LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY SURFACE DISEASE DRY EYE DYSFUNCTIONAL TEARS SYND ALLERGIC DISORDERS MEIBOMIAN GLAND PROBLEMS OCULAR IMMUNE
More informationDry Eye Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Pearls from the Trenches (2 hours) Mile Brujic, O.D Kensington Blvd. Bowling Green, OH 43402
Dry Eye Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Pearls from the Trenches (2 hours) Mile Brujic, O.D. 1409 Kensington Blvd. Bowling Green, OH 43402 Summary As our understanding of dry eye disease has evolved, so
More informationDry eye syndrome in diabetic children
European Journal of Ophthalmology / Vol. 17 no. 6, 2007 / pp. 873-878 Dry eye syndrome in diabetic children A. AKINCI 1, E. CETINKAYA 2, Z. AYCAN 2 1 Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology 2 Department
More informationEverything you wanted to know and were afraid to ask about Demodex
Contact Lens Update CLINICAL INSIGHTS BASED IN CURRENT RESEARCH Everything you wanted to know and were afraid to ask about Demodex December 7, 2015 Etty Bitton, OD, MSc is an Associate Professor and Director
More informationStrategies for Anterior Segment Disease Management Mile Brujic, OD, FAAO 1409 Kensington Blvd Bowling Green, OH
Strategies for Anterior Segment Disease Management Mile Brujic, OD, FAAO 1409 Kensington Blvd Bowling Green, OH 43402 brujic@prodigy.net 419-261-9161 Summary As optometry s scope of practice continues
More informationCORNEAL CONDITIONS CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION
GENERAL INFORMATION CORNEAL CONDITIONS CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION WHAT ARE CORNEAL CONDITIONS? The cornea is the clear outer layer of the eye. Shaped like a dome, it helps to protect the eye from foreign
More informationDry Eye Syndrome (DES)
Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) (1) What is Dry eye syndrome (DES)? (2) What causes dry eye syndrome? (3) What are the features of dry eye syndrome? (ii) Irritation and dry eyes This occurs because without adequate
More informationInvestigating demodex in forensic autopsy cases
Forensic Science International 135 (2003) 226 231 Investigating demodex in forensic autopsy cases M. Hakan Özdemir a,*, Umit Aksoy b,çiler Akisu b, Ersel Sönmez a, M. Ali C akmak c a Department of Forensic
More informationCOPE#37748-AS. Demodex. Scott Schachter Scott Hauswirth Katherine Mastrota Mario Gutierrez Ben Gaddie Christine Sindt Scheffer Tseng.
Disclosures Mites that eat and live on your lids Mites that eat and live on your lids COPE#37748-AS COPE#37748-AS Last 12 months: Allergan AMO Bausch/Valeant NiCox Cooper Milton M. Hom, OD, FAAO, FACAAI(Sc).
More informationFinancial Disclosures
March 19, 2015 Financial Disclosures Consultant: Alcon Allergan Bausch & Lomb Modernizing Medicine Ophthalmologyweb.co m Investor: Novabay Ophthotech Ocular Surface Disease Ocular surface disease is often
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Contents METHODS... 2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria... 2 Supplementary table S1... 2 Assessment of abnormal ocular signs and symptoms... 3 Supplementary table S2... 3 Ocular
More informationOcular Allergy. Phil Lieberman, MD
Ocular Allergy Phil Lieberman, MD Disclosure Consultant/Advisory Board: Genentech, Meda, Mylan, Teva Speaker: Genentech, Meda, Merck, Mylan, Teva Learning Objectives Upon completion of this session, participants
More informationBreaking the Cycle. Yijie (Brittany) Lin, MD, MBA, Reena Garg, MD New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai
Lin, Garg Ophthalmology Times 1 Breaking the Cycle Yijie (Brittany) Lin, MD, MBA, Reena Garg, MD New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai Abstract A 32 year-old female with a history of LASIK surgery
More informationScheffer C.G. Tseng, MD, PhD
Demodex: when mites are causing your eye irritation? Scheffer C.G. Tseng, MD, PhD Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Eye Mites? Gross! What are They? And What Do They Do? Chapter 3: Are
More informationPAINFUL PAINLESS Contact lens user BOV
Common Causes Allergies Infections Ocular Cornea, uveitis, endophthalmitis Orbital Orbital cellulitis Inflammation Uveitis Scleritis / episcleritis Glaucomas Trauma Foreign bodies Chemical injuries History
More informationMeibomian Gland Dysfunction: What Does It Mean James P. McCulley, MD, FACS, FRCOph(UK)
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: What Does It Mean James P. McCulley, MD, FACS, FRCOph(UK) David Bruton, Jr. Professor of Ophthalmology Chairman, Department of Ophthalmology The University of Texas Southwestern
More informationOverview & pathophysiology of Dry Eye and the use of cyclosporine eye drops in dry eye...
Overview & pathophysiology of Dry Eye and the use of cyclosporine eye drops in dry eye... This Allergan sponsored session was held on July 24, 2005, Hotel Satya Ashoka, Jabalpur. The session was followed
More informationConjunctivitis in Dogs
Customer Name, Street Address, City, State, Zip code Phone number, Alt. phone number, Fax number, e-mail address, web site Conjunctivitis in Dogs (Inflammation of the Moist Tissues of the Eye) Basics OVERVIEW
More informationDistinction layer by layer. HRT II Rostock Cornea Module
Distinction layer by layer HRT II Rostock Cornea Module Homogenously illuminated, undistorted images Movie capture Manual Pachymetry Epithelial and intra-corneal pachymetry Full corneal thickness Post-LASIK
More informationOOGZIEKTEN VOOR DE HUISARTS F. GOES, JR.
OOGZIEKTEN VOOR DE HUISARTS F. GOES, JR. HET RODE OOG F. GOES, JR. Condition Signs Symptoms Causes Conjunctivitis Viral Normal vision, normal pupil size Mild to no pain, diffuse Adenovirus (most common),
More information10/27/2017. Evidence for Technology in the Treatment of Dry Eye COPE: AS. Dry eye. Dry eye
Evidence for Technology in the Treatment of Dry Eye COPE: 44090-AS Chris Lievens, OD MS FAAO Professor Chief of staff Southern college of optometry Dry eye Chronic Multifactorial Characterized by disturbances
More informationEfficacy and Safety of Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution in Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome: A Japanese Phase 2 Clinical Trial
Efficacy and Safety of Ophthalmic Solution in Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome: A Japanese Phase 2 Clinical Trial Yukihiro Matsumoto, MD, 1 Yuichi Ohashi, MD, 2 Hitoshi Watanabe, MD, 3 Kazuo Tsubota, MD,
More informationOphthalmic Immunomodulators Prior Authorization with Quantity Limit Program Summary
Ophthalmic Immunomodulators Prior Authorization with Quantity Limit Program Summary FDA APPROVED INDICATIONS DOSAGE 1,4 Agent Indication Dosage and Administration Restasis (cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion)
More information1. Department of Ophthalmology, Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
International Journal of Medical Science and Education An official Publication of Association for Scientific and Medical Education (ASME) www.ijmse.com Original Research Article pissn- 2348 4438 eissn-2349-3208
More informationThe estimation of tear volume or secretion is regarded as
Strip Meniscometry: A New and Simple Method of Tear Meniscus Evaluation Murat Dogru, 1,2 Katsushi Ishida, 3 Yukihiro Matsumoto, 1 Eiki Goto, 2 Misaki Ishioka, 4 Takashi Kojima, 5 Tateki Goto, 6 Megumi
More informationCool approach to managing hot lids
CET CONTINUING Sponsored by 1 CET POINT Cool approach to managing hot lids Amit Patel, MB BCh, FRCOphth Eyelid inflammation is a common condition encountered in both primary and secondary care, and encompasses
More informationOcular Surface Disease in Atopic Dermatitis
Ocular Surface Disease in Atopic Dermatitis Murat Dogru,* Naoyuki Nakagawa, Kazuaki Tetsumoto, Chikako Katakami* and Misao Yamamoto* *Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe,
More informationAuthor's response to reviews
Author's response to reviews Title:Efficacy of 1% carboxymethylcellulose sodium for treating dry eye after phacoemulsification: results from a multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled study Authors:
More informationPrednisolone Sodium Phosphate Ophthalmic Solution USP, 1% (Sterile) Rx only
Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate Ophthalmic Solution USP, 1% (Sterile) Rx only DESCRIPTION Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate Ophthalmic Solution, 1%, is a sterile solution for ophthalmic administration having
More informationEffect of Oral Pilocarpine in Treating Severe Dry Eye in Patients With Sjögren Syndrome. Tetsuya Kawakita, Shigeto Shimmura, and Kazuo Tsubota
ORIGINAL CLINICAL STUDY Effect of Oral Pilocarpine in Treating Severe Dry Eye in Patients With Sjögren Syndrome Tetsuya Kawakita, Shigeto Shimmura, and Kazuo Tsubota Purpose: The aim of this study is to
More informationA Clinical Study of Ocular Surface Diseases and their Management
A Clinical Study of Ocular Surface Diseases and their Management Dr. D. Uday Kumar 1, Dr. G. Manjula 2 1 M.S. Professor of Ophthalmology 2 M.S, D.O. Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Abstract: A Clinical
More informationDEMODEX SPECIES POSITIVITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH CANCER, ON HEMODIALYSIS AND WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health DEMODEX SPECIES POSITIVITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH CANCER, ON HEMODIALYSIS AND WITH DIABETES MELLITUS Fatma Yola Mutlu 1 and Zeynep Tas Cengiz 2 1 Research and Application
More informationNasolacrimal Duct Blockage
The eyelids play a key role in protecting the eyes. They help spread moisture (tears) over the surface of the eyes when they close (for example, while blinking); thus, they help prevent the eyes from becoming
More informationFigure 7.1 Figure 7.2 Figure 7.3
CASE 7 Patient: A 63 year-old Thai female from Pathumthani Chief Complaint: Progressive facial eruption in 1 month Present Illness: The lesions involved only facial area without itching or pain. No associated
More information1998 DESCRIPTION Evaluation of Subjective and Objective tests for diagnosing tear-film disorders known to cause ocular irritation.
DEWS DRY EYE: DIAGNOSTIC TEST TEMPLATE RAPPORTEUR A.J.Bron 18 th Oct 2004 TEST Mixed tests TO Ocular Irritation / Dry Eye REFERENCES DIAGNOSE VERSION of TEST Multiple tests DESCRIPTION Evaluation of Subjective
More informationVision Health: Conditions, Disorders & Treatments EYELID DISORDERS
Vision Health: Conditions, Disorders & Treatments EYELID DISORDERS There are a number of disorders that can affect the eyelid. Entropion Entropion is an inward turning of the eyelid and lashes toward the
More informationPardon the Objection: Cases Marc R. Bloomenstein OD, FAAO Scot Morris, OD Derek Cunningham, OD Kathy Mastrota, OD
I. Introduction a. Treating the anterior segment different for each patient b. How can new technology help your patients? c. The anterior segment is going to be the hot bed for new technology II. Lipiflow
More informationOphthalmology Times Case Study Yasmin Mali, MD. Case Study
Ophthalmology Times Case Study Yasmin Mali, MD Case Study A 57 year old female with presented with ocular irritation and discomfort in both eyes for several months. Patient was previously started on a
More informationCombined Medical and Surgical Treatment of Severe Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS Combined Medical and Surgical Treatment of Severe Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis Hiroshi Fujishima,*, Kazumi Fukagawa,* Yoshiyuki Satake,* Ichiro Saito, Jun Shimazaki,* Yoji Takano*,
More informationA Randomized Double-Masked Study of 0.05% Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Emulsion in the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
CLINICAL SCIENCE A Randomized Double-Masked Study of 0.05% Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Emulsion in the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Pinnita Prabhasawat, MD, Nattaporn Tesavibul, MD, and Wannaree
More informationEffect of Ultrasonic Moisture Glasses on Dry Eye Signs and Symptoms
Article https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.7.5.18 Effect of Ultrasonic Moisture Glasses on Dry Eye Signs and Symptoms Shuhei Onomura 1, Motoko Kawashima 1, Naohiko Aketa 1, Shinichiro Kondo 1,2, and Kazuo Tsubota
More informationMustard Gas Induced Ocular Surface Disorders
Challenging Case Mustard Gas Induced Ocular Surface Disorders Section Editor: Alireza Baradaran-Rafii, MD Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sulfur
More informationTopical diquafosol for patients with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction
BJO Online First, published on April 12, 2013 as 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302668 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Itoh Clinic, Saitama, Japan 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo School of
More informationTherapeutic effects of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution in patients with short tear film break-up time-type dry eye disease
Mun et al. BMC Ophthalmology (2018) 18:237 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-018-0910-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Therapeutic effects of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution in patients with short tear film
More informationNo Conflict of Interest to Report Charles Stockwell, O.D
OH MY!!! DRY EYE!!! No Conflict of Interest to Report Charles Stockwell, O.D Charles.stockwell@ttuhsc.edu The Problem 1 Filamentary Keratitis Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or dry eye syndrome, is the most
More informationMeibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) may well be the leading
Special Issue The International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Executive Summary Kelly K. Nichols, 1 Gary N. Foulks, 2 Anthony J. Bron, 3 Ben J. Glasgow, 4,5 Murat Dogru, 6 Kazuo Tsubota, 6 Michael
More informationThe Orbit. The Orbit OCULAR ANATOMY AND DISSECTION 9/25/2014. The eye is a 23 mm organ...how difficult can this be? Openings in the orbit
The eye is a 23 mm organ...how difficult can this be? OCULAR ANATOMY AND DISSECTION JEFFREY M. GAMBLE, OD COLUMBIA EYE CONSULTANTS OPTOMETRY & UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY CLINICAL
More informationDry eye syndrome. Lacrimal gland. Tear duct into nose. 1 of 6
Dry eye syndrome The aim of this information sheet is to answer any questions you may have about dry eye syndrome. If you have any further questions or concerns, please ask a doctor or nurse caring for
More informationConsulting Bausch+Lomb/Valeant, NovaBay (Avenova), Google, Allergan, Vistakon, Alcon
MGD Joe Barr, OD, MS, FAAO Emeritus Professor, The Ohio State University barr.2@osu.edu Financial Disclosures Stock holder: Envision, Access Media (not a major shareholder), Tree House, SMM Consulting
More informationThe first comprehensive definition of DED was published in
Special Issue Definition and Diagnostic Criteria of Dry Eye Disease: Historical Overview and Future Directions Jun Shimazaki Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital,
More informationC onjunctivochalasis (CCh) defined as a redundant. Clinical characteristics of conjunctivochalasis with or without aqueous tear deficiency
388 EXTENDED REPORT Clinical characteristics of conjunctivochalasis with or without aqueous tear deficiency M A Di Pascuale, E M Espana, T Kawakita, S C G Tseng... See end of article for authors affiliations...
More informationMeibomian gland dysfunction
SPECIAL REPORT Meibomian gland dysfunction June 2011 The mere formulation of a problem is far more essential than its solution To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new
More informationJohn Rawstron Christchurch 2015
John Rawstron Christchurch 2015 John Rawstron Christchurch 2015 Nasal and temporal pterygiae (medial and lateral) pingueculum Body Neck Head Cap/hood Iles de Fuchs Stocker s line Pathogenesis UV light
More informationOcular Surface Management in Corneal Transplantation, a Review
CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS Ocular Surface Management in Corneal Transplantation, a Review Kazuo Tsubota* *Departments of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, and Keio University School of Medicine,
More informationScreening of dry eye disease in visual display terminal workers during occupational health examinations: The Moriguchi study
Motoko KAWASHIMA, et al.: Screening of dry eye in visual display terminal workers J Occup Health 2015; 57: 253 258 253 Journal of Occupational Health Screening of dry eye disease in visual display terminal
More informationPapulopustular rosacea and rosacea-like demodicosis: two phenotypes of the same disease?
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14885 JEADV ORIGINAL ARTICLE Papulopustular rosacea and rosacea-like demodicosis: two phenotypes of the same disease? F.M.N. Forton, 1, * V. De Maertelaer 2 1 Dermatology Clinic, Brussels,
More informationOcular Anatomy for the Paraoptometric
Ocular Anatomy for the Paraoptometric Minnesota Optometric Association Paraoptometric CE Friday September 30, 2016 Lindsay A. Sicks, OD, FAAO Assistant Professor, Illinois College of Optometry lsicks@ico.edu
More informationDoes in-office manual expression for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) work?
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282816021 Does in-office manual expression for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) work? Conference
More informationMEIBOMIAN GLAND DYSFUNCTION: WHERE DRY EYE BEGINS
MEIBOMIAN GLAND DYSFUNCTION: WHERE DRY EYE BEGINS Craig Thomas, O.D. 3900 West Wheatland Road Dallas, Texas 75237 972-780-7199 thpckc@yahoo.com COPE Course #61212-AS FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES I am a paid consultant
More informationOral azithromycin combined with topical anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children
Oral azithromycin combined with topical anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children Daniel S. Choi, BA, and Ali Djalilian, MD Author affiliations: Department of
More informationMeibomitis, an inflammatory form of meibomian gland
Special Issue Inflamed Obstructive Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Causes Ocular Surface Inflammation Tomo Suzuki Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan Correspondence:
More informationLearning Objectives. Disclosures 2/2/ BMT Pharmacists Conference Bandage Contact Lens Therapy for Severe Ocular GVHD
2015 BMT Pharmacists Conference Bandage Contact Lens Therapy for Severe Ocular GVHD Tueng T. Shen, M.D., Ph.D. Professor of Ophthalmology Adjunct, Bioengineering and Global Health Feb. 13 th, 2015 Learning
More informationDRY EYE INFORMATION AND TREATMENTS
DRY EYE INFORMATION AND TREATMENTS If you cannot come to your appointment, please call us at least 24 hours before at 450.419.6345. Failure to notify us will result in a $50 fee being charged. Institut
More informationConjunctival in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy in patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis
Received 22 March 2007 Accepted 6 August 2007 Published 10 August 2007 Conjunctival in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy in patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis Yiqian Hu, 1,2,3 Enrique Sato
More informationA Novel Approach for Acne Treatment
A Novel Approach for Acne Treatment E.V. Ross, M.D.; M.A. Blair, M.D.; B.S. Graham, M.D.; Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA D.Y. Paithankar, Ph.D.; B.A. Saleh, M.Eng.; Candela Corporation, Wayland, MA
More informationCorneal nerve alterations in acute Acanthamoeba and fungal keratitis: an in vivo confocal microscopy study
(212) 26, 126 132 & 212 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 95-222X/12 www.nature.com/eye CLINICAL STUDY Corneal nerve alterations in acute Acanthamoeba and fungal keratitis: an in vivo confocal
More informationPRODUCT MONOGRAPH. (Fluorometholone 0.1% Ophthalmic Suspension), USP. Corticosteroid
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH Pr Sandoz Fluorometholone (Fluorometholone 0.1% Ophthalmic Suspension), USP Corticosteroid Sandoz Canada Inc., Date of Revision: June 21, 2012 145 Jules-Léger Boucherville, QC, Canada
More informationBill Kilgore, LDO,NCLE,COA Virginia Mason Medical Center
Bill Kilgore, LDO,NCLE,COA Virginia Mason Medical Center bkilgore@specialcontactfits.com NONE Five Primary Categories of Contact Lens Complications Eyelids Tear Film Conjunctiva/Limbus Cornea Other Hypoxia:
More informationINVELTYS (loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension) 1%, for topical ophthalmic use Initial U.S. Approval: 1998
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use INVELTYS safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for INVELTYS. INVELTYS (loteprednol
More informationVaricella-Zoster Virus Epithelial Keratitis in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Varicella-Zoster Virus Epithelial Keratitis in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Helena M. Tabery Varicella-Zoster Virus Epithelial Keratitis in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus In Vivo Morphology in the Human Cornea
More informationDr Rachael Neiderer. Ophthalmologist Auckland. 8:35-8:50 Managing Allergic Conjunctivitis & Why Sodium Chromoglycate is Out
Dr Rachael Neiderer Ophthalmologist Auckland 8:35-8:50 Managing Allergic Conjunctivitis & Why Sodium Chromoglycate is Out Allergic conjunctivitis Rachael Niederer Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland Case
More informationCurrent Best Evidence
Current Best Evidence Hsu CK, Hsu MM, Lee JY. Demodicosis: A clinicopathological study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 60: 453-62. All cutaneous diseases caused by Demodex mites are clubbed under the term demodicosis
More informationEvaluation of Dry Eye: A Hospital Based Study
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 16, Issue 9 Ver. XI (September. 2017), PP 44-49 www.iosrjournals.org Evaluation of : A Hospital Based
More informationMECHANISMS. Dr. WILLIAM J. BENJAMIN. Eye Physiology & Ocular Prosthetics Laboratory. School of Optometry
OCULAR DEFENSE MECHANISMS Dr. WILLIAM J. BENJAMIN Eye Physiology & Ocular Prosthetics Laboratory University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry Presented at the UAB School of Optometry as Part
More informationWorld innovation for dry-eye syndrome using a new pulsed light technology: IRPL
World innovation for dry-eye syndrome using a new pulsed light technology: IRPL Meibomian gland dysfunction has been identified to be the main cause of dry eye syndrome around the world These are the words
More informationTwo Cases of Corneal Ulcer Caused by Ocular Rosacea: Late Versus Prompt Diagnosis and Treatment
JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2016;6(2):263-267 Two Cases of Corneal Ulcer Caused by Ocular Rosacea: Late Versus Prompt Diagnosis and Treatment Anandita Widya, Susiyanti Made Infection and Immunology Division,
More informationIPL for the management of MGD/DED. Dr. Jeffrey Judelson, FRCSC
IPL for the management of MGD/DED Dr. Jeffrey Judelson, FRCSC IPL presentation Introduction to IPL Clinical evaluation of DED/MGD Overview of management multifaceted approach DED/MGD basics Prevalence
More informationA Guide to Administering
A Guide to Administering INDICATIONS AND USAGE YUTIQ (fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant) 0.18 mg is indicated for the treatment of chronic non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment
More informationOcular allergy pathogenesis and diagnosis
Ocular allergy pathogenesis and diagnosis Luís Delgado, MD PhD departament of Immunology and Immunoallergology Unit Hospital de S. Joao. Porto (Portugal) Marzo 2006 www.alergomurcia.com Good morning, Mr.
More informationDr.Sushil Kumar Tripathi
Rabamipide:360 Benefits in Dry eye syndrome Dr.Sushil Kumar Tripathi Prevalence of Dry Eye Syndrome: vone in four patients attending ophthalmic clinics report symptoms of dry eye. vprevalence of dry eye
More informationHow to Create a Dry Eye Center
How to Create a Dry Eye Center Whitney Hauser, OD Signal Ophthalmic Consulting Disclosures TearScience Consultant/Speaker NovaBay Speaker BioTissue - Speaker Lumenis Consultant/Speaker Shire Consultant/Speaker
More informationKeratoconjunctivitis sicca in canines diagnostic methods and routine testing
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in canines diagnostic methods and routine testing Author : JAMES OLIVER Categories : Vets Date
More informationINTRODUCTION. Printed in Great Britain. Correspondence Kevin Kavanagh Received 8 June 2013 Accepted 15 November 2013
Journal of Medical Microbiology (214), 63, 258 262 DOI 1.199/jmm..65136- Correlation between serum reactivity to Demodexassociated Bacillus oleronius proteins, and altered sebum levels and Demodex populations
More information