International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN: REAL TIME BLOOD SUGAR MONITORING

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1 REAL TIME BLOOD SUGAR MONITORING 1 DEWIANI, 2 ELYASPALANTEI, 3 IKA PUSPITA, 2,3 Electrical Engineering Department Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, INDONESIA 1dewiani@unhas.ac.id, 2elyas.palantei@gmail.com, 3ikapuspita_elektro@yahoo.com Abstract- This research aims to design an interface that connects the blood sugar measuring instrument with the mobile phone as well as designing database systems and visual display for monitoring blood sugar levels in a patient's body. Monitoring system that integrates glucometer, arduino, Bluetooth, and mobile phones, are used to transmit data from the blood sugar measurement. Beside the position of patient there is glucometer along with android based mobile phone that will be used to transmit the measured data to a web server that can be accessed by doctors to monitor the progress of patients' health. Based on observations, we obtained error value of 23.33% for observation within 60 seconds, an error of 32% for observation within 90 seconds, and the error of 31.11% for observation within 120 seconds. Keywords- Glucometer, Diabetes, Bluetooth, Handphone. I. INTRODUCTION Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based wireless has really become a necessity in many aspects of life. With ICT, the information can be presented in real time, quickly and very easily accessible by involved parties. In the field of health, ICT is indispensable for monitoring the health condition of patient, especially associated with diabetes [1]. Diabetes, for instance, is a metabolic disease that can affect almost every organ system in the body. It is estimated that the number of patients with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia is about 17 million people or 8.6 percent of the population and ranks the 4th largest after India, China, and the United States (US). Diabetes can be detected early by performing blood tests regularly [2]. Therehave been several studies reported in the area of health monitoring system, including a study conducted by Shyr-Kuen Chen and his colleagues in 2012 on the system protocol based on ZigBee for data transmission in patients, where the monitoring system used multiple types of wireless networks, like WiMAX and internet [3]. A recent study reported by B.G.Sudharshan, et al. (2014) is also related to a comparative analysis of transmission method using GSM, Zigbee, Bluetooth, and WiFi. Much literature shows that the use of Bluetooth transmission medium is cheaper and simpler than other media. Further research study conducted by Mala Lavanya and Mr. Ashok Shigli (2014) related to GSM and HTTP transmission protocol for monitoring blood sugar, body temperature and heart rate using Zigbee. With so many body conditions that was monitored, the more components/tools is used [4], [5]. In this paper, We designed a simplified monitoring system by using only the Internet and Bluetooth connectionsas media of transmission. An efficient monitoring system is also obtained by focusing the measurement only on the blood sugar level, so the price of the equipment is cheaper. Through blood sugar monitoring system is expected to help monitoring the patient's condition and can improve the patient's quality of life. The performance of plasma sprayed based YSZ TBCs systems on aluminium alloys is a very important in the automotive industry. In the keeping view of application of aluminum alloys in the automotive industry, the durability of 2024 AA with TBCs systems was studied for high temperature applications. This article investigate the thermal fatigue behaviour of plasma sprayed based YSZ TBCs systems for 2024 aluminium alloy (AA). II. TEORITICAL BASIS Glucose is a simple carbohydrate compound group or monosaccharides. In nature, the glucose contained in fruits and honey bees. Glucose serves as a source of energy for brain cells, nerve cells and red blood cells. Normal human blood containing glucose amounts or concentrations that remain, which is between mg per 100 ml of blood. This blood glucose increased after you eat carbohydrates, but after approximately 2 hours after a meal, the amount of blood will return to normal. Peoplewho suffer from diabetes mellitus, the amount of blood glucose greater than 130 mg/100 ml of blood.[6] In order to function optimally, the body should be able to maintain the concentration of blood sugar (in the form of glucose) within certain limits, i.e mg/ml in a fasting state (a state where a person has a food dietry consumption, i.e absence of food for at least 8 hours). When blood sugar rises above 170 mg/100ml, sugar is excreted into urine. Conversely if the blood sugar level dropsto mg/ml, we would feel nervous, dizzy, weak and hungry. Very high blood sugar levelis called hyperglycemia and when it is too low, it iscalled hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia in the long term can cause prolonged health problemsand also associated with diabetes, including damage to the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. The blood sugar level in the body is regulated by the pancreas by producing the insulin hormone which is involved in the regulation of blood. Insulin is responsible for controlling the blood sugar levels and also to process carbohydrates, fats and proteins into energy for the human body. Diabetes 114

2 occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels or when cells do not respond appropriately to insulin [7]. Fig. 1. Monitoring Blood SugarSystem Configuration III. DESIGN MONITORING BLOOD SUGAR SYSTEM The glucometer will be used in the subject (patient) to measure blood sugar levels. The readings in the form of blood sugar levels (mg/dl) will then be sent to a receiving device contained on the medical side through the network telemedis. In general, schematic diagram of a blood glucose monitoring system will be designed is shown in Figure 1. In particular, the data transmission system used in this study are shown in Figure 2. The transmission system using the tool: glucometer dr. test meter, arduino mega 2560, HC-05 bluetooth and mobile phone Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 GT-P3100. In glucometer, there is a blood strip containing the blood sample as well serving as a sensor detecting blood sugar. This sensor is equipped with glucose reagent. When blood is dripped or glucometer test strips attached to it, it will generate a potential difference or voltage caused by the reaction between blood glucose reagent on the transducer.[8] The resulting voltage ranges from 0-5 volts. The voltage in the form of electrical or analog quantity is entered into the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) and then converted into a signal of 8 bits. ADC output signal will go to the microcontroller for processing the data. The results of data processing are then fed to the LCD by the microcontroller to display the results. Keypad on the glucometer is a key instruction for the microcontroller.[2] On the LCD there are 7 ports (Seg1-Seg7) as a seven segment display and a 4 port signal Com (COM1-COM4). Output from the ports on this LCD glucometer in form of analog signals are subsequently connected to arduino. The whole seven segment port together with Com signal port are connected to the analog arduino input, starting from analog input 0 to 10 (A0-A10). While the positive side of the battery on a glucometer port connected to Vcc of 3.3 volts and the negative side of the battery is connected to GND port on arduino as a power supply. In general, diagram LCD glucometer port that connected to the port arduino, are shown in Figure 4. Fig.2. Blood Sugar Data Transmission Systems The working principle of a glucometer can generally be described in Figure 3. Fig. 3. Glucometer Diagram Block [8] Fig. 4. Glucometer, Arduino and Bluetooth Port Diagram Design For connection to the port of arduino bluetooth, 5 volts Vcc arduino connected to Vcc to the GND arduino bluetooth while connected to GND on bluetooth. Similarly, arduino TX1 port is connected to the RX port on bluetooth, while the RX1 arduino port is connected to the TX port on bluetooth as the connection for sending and receiving data of blood sugar. The design stages of the monitoring system is described in Figure 5 below 115

3 Fig. 7. Results of the observation wtihin 90 seconds Fig. 5. Stages of Blood Sugar Monitoring System Design IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Once the design is complete, we perform tests on the system of data transmission in blood sugar by making observations on the transmission of such data for 60 and 120 seconds, with the blood sugar values were read on the glucometer is 86 and we obtained the measurement results of blood sugar in the mobile phone screen as shown in Figure 6, 7 and 8 below. Fig. 8. Results of the observation wtihin120 seconds Fig. 6. Results of the observation within 60 seconds From the observations above, it can be seen that the instability of blood sugar measurement is obtained through phone connection. Thus we can calculate error value (E) on average after three attempts for each time the above observation, by comparing the total error value with total measurements obtained, and then multiplied by 100%. From that formula we obtained error value from observations as shown in table

4 Table 1. Error Value From Observations Due to the instability of glucometer delivery to the mobile phone, the program is installed in the mobile phone side. Hence, the mobile phone functions as a direct transmitter to the server. Measurement Blood Sugar Value Result Display on the phone are shown in Figure 9. Through the program interface,, the real value received by the phone can be stopped and thensent to the server. The doctor inserts username and password in order to access the login page. When the doctors choose icon "PATIENT", then the names of some patients with diabetes will appear, and then doctors can choose which patients that they want to know his/her development of the blood sugar condition. By selecting the name of the patient, the screen then will show a graph of measurement results of the patient's blood in one patient as shown in Figure 11. Fig. 11. Display of the Patient Data Chart The picture above shows patient data in the form of: full name, , place and date of birth, sex and address. Through the chart, the doctor can see the condition of the patient's blood sugar wheter it is increase or decrease in blood sugar levels. The Y-axis is the blood sugar data chart, while on the X axis the chart is a blood sugar data admission time. In addition to the chart mode, there is also a table mode in measuring a patient's blood sugar as shown in Figure 12. Fig. 9. Measurement Blood Sugar Result Display on Android Program at Mobile Phone Data sent to the server is accessible to the doctoe. Hence, the doctor can observe the patient's condition. Login display for the doctor seen in Figure 10. Fig. 12. Patient Data Table Similar to the chart display, the display data from a patient's blood sugar measurements in the form of this table provide more detailed information related to the value of accurate blood glucose measurement results, with date and time of the measurement of blood sugar. With the information in the form of charts and tables, the doctor can analyze the patient's condition, so that they can do a subsequent medical action if necessary. CONCLUSIONS Fig. 10. Doctor's Login Display It can be concluded that the error values for blood measurement results was erratic.this situation occurs 117

5 due to the frequency of glucometer ADC at up to 200 KHz while the processor frequency is 125 khz, which does not meet the criterion of Nyquist theory. To overcome this problem, the program that can received real value and then be stored and sent to the server was made on android phone. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was part of the Hasanuddin University PUPT Research and Development (R&D) Project funded from DGHE (Directorate General of Higher Education), Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia. The R&D grant itself was granted for the financial year The authors would like to deliver the sincere thanks to all parties who involved and supported the implementation of the research project. The research works were also the research collaboration between the Electrical Engineering Department and the Medical Science Faculty, Hasanuddin University (UNHAS) Makassar Indonesia REFERENCES [1] Amil Ahmad Ilham, Elyas Palantei, and Santi, Development of Medical Data Visual Display for The Interactive Telemedicine Network (Pengembangan Tampilan Visual Data Medis Pada Jaringan Telemedis Interaktif), Electrical Engineering Study Program, Informatics Engineering sub- Study Program, Engineering Faculty Universitas Hasanuddin. Makassar, [2] Rizha Tamridho, Construction of Blood Sugar Tester Instrumentation System (Rancangbangun Alat Pengukur Kadar Gula Darah), Universitas Indonesia, Depok, [3] Shyr-Kuen Chen, Tsair Kao, Chia-Tai Chan, Chih-Ning Huang, Chih-Yen Chiang, Chin-Yu Lai, Tse-Hua Tung, and Pi-Chung Wang. A Reliable Transmission Protocol for ZigBee-Based Wireless Patient Monitoring. IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine, vol. 16, no. 1, January [4] B.G.Sudharshan, S.C Prasanna Kumar, Shashiraj Yadav R V. A Review of Various Technologies And Transmission Modes For Design And Development of A Transmission Enabled Glucometer. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology. Volume: 03 Issue: 06, June [5] Mala Lavanya, and Ashok Shigli. Reliable Transmission Protocal for Gsm And Http Based on Wireless Patient Monitoring. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development,Volume 1, Issue 12, December [6] Poedjiadi, Anna, Fundamental of Biochemistry (Dasar- Dasar Biokimia), Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press, [7] Amatsier, Yunita. Fundamental of Nutrition Science (Prinsip Dasar Ilmu Gizi). Jakarta : Gramedia Pustaka Utama, [8] Ponco Indrianto, Measurement Tool for Glucose Quantity Containing in Blood (Alat Pengukur Glukosa Dalam Darah), Department of Electrical Engineering, Industrial Engineering Faculty, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata, Semarang,