Bariatric surgery: has anything changed in the last few years?

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1 Bariatric surgery: has anything changed in the last few years? Mauro Toppino University of Turin Digestive and Colorectal Surgery Minimal Invasive Surgery Center (Head:Prof. Mario Morino) XIV Annual Conference ESS, Turin, November 25-27, 2010

2 Bariatric surgery: has anything changed in the last few years? The past The present The future?

3 Bariatric surgery: has anything changed in the last few years? The past

4 70s Jejuno-ileal By-pass

5 Gastric Bypass (GBP) 80s Transected Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass Torres lesser curve pouch gastric by-pass

6 80s VERTICAL BANDED GASTROPLASTY (VBG) (MASON) MacLean

7 80s Bilio-Pancreatic Diversion (BPD) (Scopinaro)

8 80s GASTRIC BANDING (ASGB)

9 Obesity Surgery at the end of the 80s Many discussions about the best technique: the simpler (with lesser results on weight loss) or the more complex (with better results)?

10 Change in the 90s LAPAROSCOPY * Real revolution * Widespreading obesity surgery

11 FEASIBILITY BY LAPAROSCOPY Simple and easy techniques

12 ADJUSTABLE SILICONE GASTRIC BANDING Widespread (Europe) New surgeons (without bariatric experience) Many failures and complications Wrong indications

13 Evolution of the laparoscopic techniques

14

15 BARIATRIC SURGERY BARIATRIC SURGERY WORLDWIDE WORLDWIDE Henry Buchwald

16 BARIATRIC SURGERY WORLDWIDE 2003 Weighted Percentages (Open and Laparoscopic Pooled) 70% 65,11% 60% 50% 40% 30% 24,41% 20% 10% 5,43% 4,85% 0% RYGB ASGB VBG BPD/DS

17 Italian Registry * for bariatric surgery * Official Registry of S.I.C.OB. (Italian Society Obesity Surgery)

18 10250 Interventions ASGB 4437 (43.3 %) VBG 3405 (33.2 %) BPD 1741 (17 %) GBP 427 (4.2 %) Others 240 (2.4 %)

19 Bariatric surgery: has anything changed in the last few years? The present

20 Improvement of techniques (more details for safety)

21 New technique 2 steps procedure (p. with BMI > 60) (M. Gagner) Sleeve gastrectomy Duodenal switch (after 1 year)

22 Sleeve gastrectomy Later proposed as a single procedure (due to good results on weight loss)

23 METABOLIC BARIATRIC SURGERY WORLDWIDE 2008 Buchwald H., Obes. Surg., % 45% Weighted Percentages (Open and Laparoscopic Pooled) 49,0% 42,3% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 1,1% 1,7% 5,3% 0% RYGB ASGB VBG BPD/DS Sleeve Gastrectomy

24 METABOLIC BARIATRIC SURGERY WORLDWIDE 2008 USA / Canada Buchwald H., Obes. Surg., 2009 Weighted Percentages (Open and Laparoscopic Pooled) 90% 80% 70% 85% % 50% 40% 51% 44% 30% 20% 10% 0% 9% 4,5% 1% 0% 4% RYGB ASGB BPD/DS Sleeve G.

25 METABOLIC BARIATRIC SURGERY WORLDWIDE 2008 Europe Buchwald H., Obes. Surg., 2009 Weighted Percentages (Open and Laparoscopic Pooled) 70% 60% 63,7% % 40% 39,0% 43,2% 30% 20% 10% 11,1% 6,1% 4,9% 0,0% 7,0% 0% RYGB ASGB BPD/DS Sleeve G.

26 Italian Obesity Surgery Registry interventions Gastric banding 49.4% 4% (6208) Gastric bypass 22.4% (2810) Gastroplasty 10.3% (1288) Sleeve gastrectomy 8.4% (1053) Bilio-pancr. Diversion 7.1% (890)

27 New!!! Metabolic Surgery

28 Obesity Surgery Literature Data (patients with BMI > 40 Kg/m2 or with comorbidities) Bariatric operations lead to important weight loss and comorbidities improvement (type 2 diabetes too)

29 Excellent effects of biliopancreatic diversion on type 2 diabetes Scopinaro Noya Mingrone- Castagneto

30 Buchwald, JAMA 2004 Metanalysis 136 papers patients Type 2 Diabetes - disappeared: 76.8% of cases - disappeared or improved: 86% of cases

31 Buchwald, JAMA 2004 Recovery from type 2 diabetes * No need for medical therapies * Glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin normal values 98.9% Bilio-pancreatic diversion 83.7% Gastric bypass 71.6% Vertical Banded Gastroplasty 47.9% Adjustable Gastric Banding

32 Experimental studies on rats Francesco Rubino Ann. Surg., 2004

33 Specific effect of gastro-intestinal bypass surgery Endocrine mechanism Incretins secerning cells Anti-incretins secerning cells

34 Type 2 Diabetes can be cured by surgery

35 Consensus Conference Diabetes Surgery Summit Roma, Marzo 2007 Gastrointestinal Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes, in patients with BMI < 35, has to be considered a research priority

36

37 European Workshop on Metabolic Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes Rome, Italy September 27-28, 2010 Universita Cattolica S. Cuore Rome, Italy

38 Need for randomized studies Dixon J.B., JAMA 2008 Adjustable gastric banding and conventional therapy for type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

39 Studies on bariatric operations on diabetic patients Bilio-pancreatic Diversion (Scopinaro, Obes. Surg., 2007) (BMI < 35) Gastric Bypass (Alexandrides, Obes. Surg., 2007) Sleeve Gastrectomy (Lacy, Obes. Surg., 2007)

40 Duodenal Jejunal Bypass (DJB)

41 Ileal interposition (IT) Ileal interposition (De Paula, Surg. Endosc., 2007) (BMI < 35)

42 Bariatric surgery: has anything changed in the last few years? The future?

43 NOTES Swanström LL, Khajanchee Y, Abbas MA. Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery: The Future of Gastrointestinal Surgery. The Permanente Journal/ Spring 2008/ Volume 12 No. 2:42-7

44 NOTES Surgical Access Natural Orifice Surgery Trans-vaginal, parietal, umbilical access SA-NOS Endoscopic Access Natural Orifice Surgery Trans-gastric, colic, vescical access EA-NOS

45

46 SA-NOS: TRANSUMBILICAL ACCESS (E-NOTES or SILS)

47 SA-NOS: TRANSUMBILICAL ACCESS (E-NOTES or SILS)

48 Transvaginal Sleeve Gastrectomy

49

50 Endocinch (BBraun) Endoluminal Vertical Gastroplasty

51

52 TOGa Trans Oral Gastroplasty STOMAPHYX

53

54

55 EndoBarrier TM Liner

56

57 ValenTx Endo-Bypass Pass System ValenTx Endo Bypass

58 Bariatric surgery CONCLUSIONS Something is changed in the last few years New technique: sleeve gastrectomy Improvement of safety Metabolic Surgery

59 Bariatric surgery Future Will NOTES demonstrate efficacy and safety?? The major part of the medical community had the same doubt at the beginning of laparoscopy

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