A population-based study measuring the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among adults in West Malaysia
|
|
- Gary Moody
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 & 2013 International Society of Nephrology A population-based study measuring the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among adults in West Malaysia Lai Seong Hooi 1, Loke Meng Ong 2, Ghazali Ahmad 3, Sunita Bavanandan 3, Noor Ani Ahmad 4, Balkish M. Naidu 4, Wan Nazaimoon W. Mohamud 5 and Muhammad Fadhli M. Yusoff 4 1 Department of Medicine and Haemodialysis Unit, Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Baru, Malaysia; 2 Department of Medicine and Haemodialysis Unit, Penang Hospital, Penang, Malaysia; 3 Department of Nephrology, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 4 Institute for Public Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and 5 Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia In this population-based study, we determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in West Malaysia in order to have accurate information for health-care planning. A sample of 876 individuals, representative of 15,147 respondents from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011, of the noninstitutionalized adult population (over 18 years old) in West Malaysia was studied. We measured the estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) (CKD-EPI equation); albuminuria and stages of chronic kidney disease were derived from calibrated serum creatinine, age, gender and early morning urine albumin creatinine ratio. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in this group was 9.07%. An estimated 4.16% had stage 1 chronic kidney disease (egfr 490 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 and persistent albuminuria), 2.05% had stage 2 (egfr ml/min per 1.73 m 2 and persistent albuminuria), 2.26% had stage 3 (egfr ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ), 0.24% had stage 4 (egfr ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ), and 0.36% had stage 5 chronic kidney disease (egfr o15 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ). Only 4% of respondents with chronic kidney disease were aware of their diagnosis. Risk factors included increased age, diabetes, and hypertension. Thus, chronic kidney disease in West Malaysia is common and, therefore, warrants early detection and treatment in order to potentially improve outcome. Kidney International (2013) 84, ; doi: /ki ; published online 12 June 2013 KEYWORDS: adults; chronic kidney disease; prevalence Correspondence: Lai Seong Hooi, Department of Medicine and Haemodialysis Unit, Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Baru 80100, Malaysia. laihooi@pd.jaring.my Received 31 January 2013; revised 12 April 2013; accepted 25 April 2013; published online 12 June 2013 The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Malaysia is unknown. 1 There has been an increasing trend in dialysis provision for end-stage renal disease in Malaysia from 96 per million population in 2002 to 182 per million population in By the end of 2011, there were 27,572 patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) in Malaysia (prevalence rate of 966 per million population). RRT places a large burden on the health-care budget. 3 It is important to obtain accurate local data on CKD to facilitate health-care planning including review of health-care priorities, program activities, and allocation of resources. The objective of this population-based study is to determine the prevalence of CKD in adults aged X18 years in West Malaysia. RESULTS There were 876 respondents who agreed to participate out of the 1152 targeted, giving a response rate of 76%. Table 1 compares the overall National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2011 cohort in West Malaysia aged X18 years (N ¼ 15,147) with the CKD substudy cohort (N ¼ 876). There was no difference in the profile of both cohorts. Table 2 shows the baseline characteristics of the CKD substudy population (N ¼ 876). Almost half of respondents (41.8%) were middle-income earners and 49.1% had a maximum education at the secondary school level. Microalbuminuria was detected in 0.5% of respondents with estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) o60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 and in 9.1% of respondents with egfr X60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 (total 9.6%). Macroalbuminuria was detected in 0.8% of respondents with egfr o60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 and in 2.8% of respondents with egfr X60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 (total 3.6%). There were 172 diabetics in the CKD substudy (that is, 19.6% of the cohort) and 32% of them had albuminuria. This was much higher than the prevalence of albuminuria in the entire CKD cohort (13.2%). Hypercholesterolemia was present in 44% and hypertension was present in 38.4%. In this cohort, 18.8% admitted to using nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and 14% admitted to using traditional 1034 Kidney International (2013) 84,
2 LS Hooi et al.: Prevalence of CKD among adults in West Malaysia clinical investigation Table 1 Comparison between National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) cohort sample and CKD sample NHMS cohort (X18 years), N ¼ 15,147 CKD sub-study, N ¼ 876 Sociodemographic characteristics Number Mean Median Number Mean Median IQR Age (years) 15, Systolic blood 14, pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 14, Glucose level 13, (mmol/l) Cholesterol level (mmol/l) 13, Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; IQR, interquartile range. Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the CKD study population (N ¼ 876) Sociodemographic characteristics N % Gender Male Female Race Malay Chinese Indian Others Education attainment No formal education Primary Secondary Tertiary Unclassified Strata a Urban Rural Income quartiles b Low (orm 2300 per month) Middle (RM per month) High (XRM 5600 per month) History of illness Previously diagnosed CKD Hypertension Hypercholesterolemia Diabetes History of cardiovascular disease History of stroke Positive family history of CKD NSAID use Yes No At least once a day At least once a week At least once a month Less than once a month No answer Table 2 (Continued ) Sociodemographic characteristics N % Traditional medicine Yes No At least once a day At least once a week At least once a month No answer Heart disease Yes No Family history of kidney disease Yes No Cigarette smoking Ever smoker Current smoker Noncurrent smoker Never smoker Alcohol consumption Ever drinker Current drinker Noncurrent drinker Never drinker Albuminuria Normoalbuminuria Microalbuminuria (egfr o60) Microalbuminuria (egfr X60) Macroalbuminuria (egfr o60) Macroalbuminuria (egfr X60) Albuminuria among diabetics Normoalbuminuria Microalbuminuria Macroalbuminuria Physical activity Active Inactive Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; egfr, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. a Urban: population X10,000 per enumeration block (EB); rural: population ,000 per EB. b In June 2011, 1 USD ¼ 3.0 RM (Malaysian currency ringgit). medicines. There were 29% of respondents who had ever smoked and 18.2% who had ever taken alcohol. Out of the 876 respondents, 850 had egfr measurements (Table 3). In all, 78% of the respondents had egfr X90 ml/ min per 1.73 m 2, 19.1% had egfr ml/min per 1.73 m 2, 2.2% had egfr ml/min per 1.73 m 2, 0.2% had egfr ml/min per 1.73 m 2, and 0.4% had egfr o15 ml/min per 1.73 m 2. At baseline, there were 113 respondents with albuminuria. However, only 59 (52.2%) agreed to be retested. Of the 42 subjects with microalbuminuria, 19 (45.2%) had a positive confirmatory test. Of those with macroalbuminuria, 70.6% Kidney International (2013) 84,
3 LS Hooi et al.: Prevalence of CKD among adults in West Malaysia (12/17) had persistent albuminuria on repeated testing (Table 4). Out of the 876 respondents, 840 had both egfr and urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) measurements (Table 5). For CKD stages 1 and 2, the prevalence was adjusted according to the persistence of albuminuria. The distribution of CKD stages were as follows: stage 1, 4.16%; stage 2, 2.05%; stage 3, 2.26%; stage 4, 0.24%; and stage 5, 0.36% (total CKD prevalence is 9.07%). If persistence of albuminuria was not taken into account, the prevalence of CKD would be 15%. CKD was found in a total of 126 of the respondents. Only 5 of them (4%) were aware that they had CKD, with 96% being unaware. Using univariate analysis, the factors associated with significantly increased risk for CKD were age, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia (Table 6). Logistic regression showed that the prevalence of CKD increased with age. Respondents with diabetes were 2.6 times more likely Table 3 Prevalence of egfr category (N ¼ 850) egfr (ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ) N Prevalence (%) Normal (X90) Mild (60 89) Moderate (30 59) Severe (15 29) Very severe (o15) Abbreviation: egfr, estimated glomerular filtration rate in ml/min per 1.73 m 2 using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. than nondiabetics to have CKD, whereas those with hypertension were 3.1 times more likely than nonhypertensives to have CKD (Table 7). DISCUSSION The overall prevalence of CKD in West Malaysia was 9.07%. The prevalence of CKD by stages 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 4.16%, 2.05%, 2.26%, 0.24%, and 0.36%, respectively. In 2011, 24,180 patients 418 years old were on RRT in West Malaysia (Malaysian Dialysis and Transplant Registry, personal communication), which amounts to 0.17% of the population (total population at risk was 14,595,893). The estimate of 0.36% for stage 5 CKD is higher than the number of patients on RRT in the country at the time. Not all patients with egfr o15 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 were on RRT. The National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011 is a population-based cross-sectional study with stratified random sampling. The CKD substudy relied on experienced epidemiologists, trained field teams, and statisticians from the Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia. There was a quality assurance program for both data collection and the central laboratory. The study took place over 4 months in the 11 states of West Malaysia and the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. Urine samples and serum creatinine were sent by courier to the central laboratory in Kuala Lumpur to arrive on the same day of sampling, which made it difficult to include the remote areas of West Malaysia and East Malaysia Table 4 Persistence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria Normoalbuminuria in the second specimen Microalbuminuria in the second specimen Macroalbuminuria in the second specimen Total, N ¼ 59 Number % Number % Number % Microalbuminuria in the first specimen Macroalbuminuria in the first specimen Table 5 Prevalence of CKD stages (N ¼ 840) Albuminuria within each level, N (%) Persistence of albuminuria (%) Albuminuria within each level (%) (corrected for persistence) Estimated GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ) None Micro Macro Micro Macro Micro Macro X (69.8) 57 (6.8) 13 (1.5) (15.2) 21 (2.5) 11 (1.3) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA o15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Number of respondents Prevalence of CKD (%) Adjusted prevalence of CKD (%) Normal 714 Stage Stage Stage Stage Stage Total % 9.07% Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; NA, not applicable Kidney International (2013) 84,
4 LS Hooi et al.: Prevalence of CKD among adults in West Malaysia clinical investigation Table 6 Factors associated with CKD prevalence by univariate analysis (N ¼ 126) Variable N %With CKD P-value Unadjusted OR (95% CI) Age o ( ) 65 þ ( ) Gender Male Female ( ) Race Malay Chinese ( ) Indian ( ) Others ( ) Household income Low (orm 2300 per month) Middle (RM per month) High (XRM 5600 per month) ( ) ( ) Cigarette smoking Ever ( ) No Alcohol consumption Ever ( ) No Physical activity Active Inactive ( ) Diabetes Yes o ( ) No Hypertension Yes o ( ) No Hypercholesterolemia Yes o ( ) No Heart disease Yes ( ) No Family history of kidney disease Yes ( ) No NSAID use Yes ( ) No Traditional medicine use Yes ( ) No Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OR, odds ratio; RM, Malaysian currency ringgit. Definition of chronic kidney disease status: estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) o60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 and/or albuminuria. Table 7 Adjusted OR for factors associated with CKD Variable Adjusted OR (95% CI) P-value Age (years) ( ) þ 3.15 ( ) Diabetes 2.56 ( ) Po0.001 Hypertension 3.09 ( ) Po0.001 Hypercholesterolemia 1.29 ( ) Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; OR, odds ratio. (the states of Sabah and Sarawak). The baseline characteristics of the CKD substudy were similar to that of the overall NHMS 2011 cohort (some data not shown). There was no difference in the profile of both cohorts, except for a preponderance of urban respondents in the CKD sample, which occurred by design (90.3% vs. 77.5%). This suggests that the CKD substudy was conducted on a valid representative sample for the population of West Malaysia. There was a good response rate of 76%. 4 The instruments used to determine blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure had been standardized, validated, calibrated, and used throughout the study. The measurement of creatinine used a calibration traceable to the isotope dilution mass spectroscopy reference method. Care was taken to locate the subjects who worked in the daytime. The field staff worked both in the evenings and on weekends to locate the respondents. Hence, the number of men and women was almost equal. All the three main ethnic groups in Malaysia were represented in proportion to the general population. egfr was derived from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation 5 using serum creatinine, age, and sex as variables. The CKD-EPI equation had been validated by Teo et al. 6 on a multiethnic population in Singapore. We chose to use the early-morning spot urine ACR, although it is a more costly and cumbersome method of estimating albuminuria, as it provides a sensitive measure for detection of kidney damage. The definition of albuminuria followed that stated in the KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) guideline for CKD. 7 It was not possible to repeat the measurement of albuminuria in every case, but 52.2% of initial positive results were retested. Microalbuminuria persisted in 45.2% and macroalbuminuria in 70.6%. For albuminuria, the rate of persistence was taken into account in the calculation of CKD stages 1 and 2. If persistence of albuminuria was ignored, the prevalence of CKD would have been higher (15 instead of 9.07%). The other signs of kidney damage, for example, structural changes on ultrasound and persistent hematuria, were not recorded, and the prevalence of CKD may be higher than estimated in the study. Serum creatinine was not repeated after 3 months, as this was not possible in a short-term survey. No tests for hematuria were instituted, as positive results would have had to be confirmed with microscopy, which is logistically difficult. 8 Kidney International (2013) 84,
5 LS Hooi et al.: Prevalence of CKD among adults in West Malaysia The prevalence of CKD in West Malaysia of 9.07% is similar to the rates in the region. The prevalence of CKD in Asia varies from 6.8% in South Korea, 12% in Taiwan, 13% in Beijing, and 13% in Japan to 17.5% in Thailand. 9 However, the prevalence depends on the definition of CKD, study design, and methodology. 4 In South Korea (for 5136 adults), the MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) equation alone with egfr o60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 was used to define CKD. 10 In Taiwan (for 462,293 adults), the MDRD equation was used to estimate GFR; for stage 1 and stage 2 CKD, proteinuria from dipstick adjusted for persistence was included. 11 In Beijing, a large sample of 13,925 adults was tested, with egfr measured using calibrated serum creatinine and a formula specific to China. Albuminuria, which was measured by albumin creatinine ratio, and hematuria, which was confirmed by microscopy, were included in the definition, based on single measurements. 12 The study from Japan in 504,724 adults used a Japanese equation for egfr and dipstick for proteinuria to define CKD. 13 The study from Thailand in 3459 subjects used the MDRD equation with serum creatinine standardized with isotope dilution mass spectroscopy; for stage 1 and stage 2 CKD, the presence of a single estimation of albuminuria quantified by urine ACR and/or hematuria was included. 14 Only 4% of respondents were aware of the diagnosis. Awareness of CKD was found in 1.9% in Thailand 14 and 3.54% in Taiwan. 11 This gives weight to the recommendation that screening and detection should be carried out in highrisk groups, especially in the primary-care setting. More public education about CKD is also necessary. The incidence of albuminuria in respondents with diabetes was 2.4 times higher than the substudy population (32% vs. 13.2%). As the overall prevalence of diabetes was very high (19.6%), this is an ominous finding, and interventions, such as glycemic control and angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors should be instituted to prevent progression of diabetic nephropathy. Local practice guidelines recommend yearly testing for albuminuria. 15 Medical personnel should adhere closely to this guideline. The percentage of new dialysis patients with diabetes mellitus had risen from 44% in 2000 to 56% in The factors associated with CKD in other studies include age, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, use of traditional medicines, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 9 In this study, increasing age, diabetes, and hypertension were identified as significant risk factors. These factors would be considered high risk in Malaysia, and early detection in these groups may ameliorate the progression of CKD, the associated complications, cardiovascular morbidity, and mortality. 7,16 MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a substudy of the NHMS 2011, 17 which was carried out by the Institute for Public Health, Malaysia, to describe the health status, health-related behaviors, and health service utilization of a representative sample of the population of Malaysia. The study was conducted from April to July This study had received the approval of the Malaysian Research and Ethics Committee and was registered with the National Medical Research Register (NMRR ). Sampling design and sample An up-to-date and representative sampling frame for this population has been provided by the Department of Statistics. Malaysia is divided into enumeration blocks, that is, geographically continuous areas with identifiable boundaries. There were B75,000 enumeration blocks EBs in Malaysia in the year The sampling frame was stratified by state and urban/rural residence For the NHMS, a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design was used to draw a sample of 9258 private dwellings. For the CKD substudy, only respondents from West Malaysia were selected (Figure 1). Remote areas categorized as strata 4 by the Department of Statistics with a population o1000 per locality were excluded because of logistic restrictions. The sample size was calculated using a formula for a complex design study estimating population prevalence. 17 It was determined based on the expected prevalence of CKD of 10%, 0.03 margin of error, and 95% confidence interval, resulting in an optimal sample size of 770 for estimating prevalence at the national level. The final sample size was increased to 1152, taking nonrespondents into consideration. The inclusion criteria were all noninstitutionalized individuals above the age of 18 years who gave consent for participation in the study. Exclusion criteria were pregnant women or those menstruating during data collection. All potential respondents were screened by trained data collectors to determine the eligibility for the CKD substudy, and subsequently completed a data collection form via a face-to-face interview. The nurse in the field team was responsible for obtaining clinical measurements. Fasting blood sugar and total cholesterol were estimated by a dry method (CardioChek PA, Indianapolis, IN), which has been validated. 18 BP was measured by Omron Japan Model HEM-907 (Tokyo, Japan), which has been validated 19 and calibrated. BP was measured with the respondent at rest in a sitting position, with the BP set and appropriate-sized cuff at chest level. Two readings were taken 15 min apart, and the average measurement was used for analysis. Blood sampling for serum creatinine and early-morning urine sampling for urine ACR estimation were obtained by hemodialysis personnel from the nearest Ministry of Health hemodialysis unit. Blood and urine samples (including repeat samples) were sent by express courier to Institute for Medical Research Kuala Lumpur (central laboratory) for analysis and storage. Serum and urine creatinine and microalbumin were analyzed on Selectra XL Chemistry Analyzer (Vital Scientific, Dieren, The Netherlands) using reagents purchased from Randox Laboratories (Antrim, UK). The Jaffe method was used to measure creatinine, and has calibration traceable to an isotope dilution mass spectroscopy reference method. Interassay coefficient of variability for creatinine at 124 and 303 mmol/l was 6.2% and 4.7%, respectively, and for microalbumin at 32.2 and 159 mg/l was 8.0% and 3.6%, respectively. egfr was derived for these subjects using the CKD-EPI equation 5,13 as follows: 141minðSCr=k; 1Þ a max ðscr=k; 1Þ 1:209 0:993 Age ð1:018 if femaleþ 1038 Kidney International (2013) 84,
6 LS Hooi et al.: Prevalence of CKD among adults in West Malaysia clinical investigation 100 0'0''E 105 0'0''E 110 0'0''E 115 0'0''E 120 0'0''E West Malaysia East Malaysia 0 0'0'' 0 0'0'' 5 0'0''N 5 0'0''N 10 0'0''N 10 0'0''N 100 0'0''E 105 0'0''E 110 0'0''E 115 0'0''E 120 0'0''E Figure 1 Distribution of living quarters selected for chronic kidney disease study. where SCr is serum creatinine (in mg/dl), k is 0.7 for women and 0.9 for men, a is for women and for men, min is the minimum of SCr/k or 1, and max is the maximum of SCr/k or 1. Repeat urine measurements were obtained in respondents with albuminuria within 2 months of the initial test to estimate persistence of urine abnormalities. Patients with abnormal urine results and/or abnormal egfr were notified to the regional nephrologist for confirmatory urine tests and further management. Definitions Microalbuminuria was defined as urine ACR mg/g. Macroalbuminuria was defined as urine ACR of X300 mg/g. 11 Persistent albuminuria was defined as two episodes of albuminuria at least 1 month apart. CKD stages 1 and 2 were defined as egfr X90 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 and ml/min per 1.73 m 2, respectively, with persistent urine ACR X30 mg/g. Stages 3, 4, and 5 were defined as egfr 30 59, 15 29, and o15 ml/min per 1.73 m 2, respectively, regardless of kidney damage. 13,16 Hypertension was defined as the average of two BP readings with systolic BP X140 and/or diastolic BP X90 mm Hg 20 and/or selfreported hypertension previously diagnosed by medical personnel. Diabetes mellitus was defined as a fasting capillary blood glucose level X6.1 mmol/l on CardioChek, or self-reported diabetes diagnosed by medical personnel, or random capillary blood glucose X11.1 mmol/l. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as random or fasting blood cholesterol X5.2 mmol/l or self-reported hypercholesterolemia diagnosed by medical personnel. Physical activity inactive was defined as a score of o600 metabolic equivalent (MET)-min/week on IPAQ 21 (International Physical Activity Questionnaire). Statistical methods Data analysis was done by exporting the raw data into SPSS (version 18, Chicago, IL). The data were then checked and cleaned. Distributions and categories were examined. Categories with small sample size and skewed distributions were noted. Meaningful combination of categories was done when indicated. Analysis was done according to the working definitions. Data were presented as mean and median for continuous variables and proportion for categorical variables. Prevalence estimates of all outcomes were performed. The prevalence of CKD was reported with and without correction for the persistence of albuminuria (a second sample of urine was obtained in 52.2% of initial positive readings). Factors associated with CKD were assessed using logistic regression. Unadjusted odds ratios between exposure variables and indicators of CKD were determined. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the simultaneous effects of dependent variables, that is, sex, age, ethnicity, household income group, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, family history of kidney disease, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and traditional medicine use with CKD status. The dependent variable is CKD status, which includes all CKD cases. A backward stepwise variable selection method was used to obtain significant variables in the model. All possible two-factor interaction terms were checked one by one together with the main effects. The Kidney International (2013) 84,
7 LS Hooi et al.: Prevalence of CKD among adults in West Malaysia statistical significance of each regression coefficient was tested using the Wald w 2 statistic. Goodness-of-fit statistics was used to assess the fit of the logistic model against the actual outcomes. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. The P-value of o0.05 is considered significant. DISCLOSURE All the authors declared no competing interests. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the following: Director General of Health Malaysia for permission to publish this paper; Dr Zaki Morad Mohamad Zaher who initially proposed the study; Drs Liu WJ, Rosnawati Yahya, and Lim TO in helping with protocol development; Mohd Hazrin bin Hasim@Hashim, Institute for Public Health for contributing Figure 1, and data collectors of NHMS 2011 for recruitment of respondents for the CKD study; Ms Nur Zati Iwani AK, Ruziana Mona WZ, and Nor Idayu R from the Institute for Medical Research for processing and analysis of all urine and blood samples; Dr Punithavathi Narayanan from Clinical Research Centre, Penang, for data handling of the blood and urine results; and Dr Tahir Aris, Head of the Institute for Public Health Malaysia, for his support. We also thank the nephrologists and paramedics of hemodialysis units (Ministry of Health) at the following hospitals for collecting urine and blood samples: Federal Territory: Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Putrajaya Hospital; Johor: Batu Pahat Hospital, Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Sultan Ismail Hospital, Kluang Hospital, Sultanah Fatimah Hospital Muar; Kedah: Baling Hospital, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital Alor Setar, Sultan Abdul Halim Hospital Sungai Petani, Kulim Hospital; Kelantan: Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital Kota Bharu; Melaka: Melaka Hospital; Negeri Sembilan: Port Dickson Hospital, Jelebu Hospital; Pahang: Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital Kuantan, Bentong Hospital, Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Hospital Temerloh; Penang: Penang Hospital, Bukit Mertajam Hospital, Balik Pulau Hospital; Perak: Tapah Hospital, Raja Permaisuri Bainun Hospital Ipoh, Seri Manjung Hospital, Taiping Hospital; Perlis: Sultanah Fauziah Hospital Kangar; Selangor: Selayang Hospital, Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital Klang, Serdang Hospital, Kajang Hospital, Banting Hospital; Terengganu: Sultanah Nur Zahirah Hospital Kuala Terengganu, Kemaman Hospital. Last but not least, we thank all the NHMS respondents who consented to involvement in this study. The study was made possible by the National Institutes of Health, Ministry Health Malaysia, and partly supported by a research grant from the Post Graduate Renal Society Malaysia. REFERENCES 1. Hooi LS, Wong HS, Morad Z. Prevention of renal failure the Malaysian experience. Kidney Int 2005; 67(Suppl 94): S70 S Lim YN, Ong LM, Goh BL (eds). 19th Report of the Malaysian Dialysis and Transplant Registry Kuala Lumpur 2012, ISSN Accessed on 9 December Couser WG, Remuzzi G, Mendis S et al. The contribution of chronic kidney disease to the global burden of major communicable diseases. Kidney Int 2011; 80: McCullough K, Sharma P, Tariq A et al. Measuring the population burden of chronic kidney disease: a systematic literature review of the estimated prevalence of impaired kidney function. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27: Levey A, Stevens L, Schmid C et al. for the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI). A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150: Teo BW, Xu H, Wang DH et al. GFR estimating equations in a multiethnic Asian population. Am J Kidney Dis 2011; 58: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Intl Suppl 2013; 3: Chadban S, Briganti E, Kerr P et al. Prevalence of kidney damage in Australian adults: The Ausdiab Kidney Study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: S131 S Li PKT, Chow KM, Matsuo S et al. Asian chronic kidney disease (CKD) best practice recommendations: positional statements for early detection of CKD from Asian Forum for CKD Initiatives (AFCKDI). Nephrology (Carlton) 2011; 16: Jang SY, Kim IH, Ju EY et al. Chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome in a general Korean population: the Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANESIII) Study. J Public Health 2010; 32: Wen CP, Cheng TY, Tsai MK et al. All-cause mortality attributable to chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort based on adults in Taiwan. Lancet 2008; 371: Zhang L, Zhang P, Wang F et al. Prevalence and factors associated with CKD: a population study from Beijing. Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 51: Imai E, Horio M, Watanabe T et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the Japanese general population. Clin Exp Nephrol 2009; 13: Ingsathit A, Thakkinstian A, Chaiprasert A et al. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in the Thai adult population: Thai SEEK study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25: Management of chronic kidney disease in adults. Clinical practice guidelines. Ministry of Health Malaysia MOH/P/PAK/217.11(GU). accessed on 11 December Levey A, Coresh J. Chronic kidney disease. Lancet 2012; 379: Institute of Public Health (IPH) 2011 National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011 (NHMS 2011), NMRR Volume I: Methodology and General Findings, 258 pages. ISBN Noor Ani A, Ummi Nadiah Y, Noor Azah D et al. Sensitivity and specificity of CardioChek s PA in detecting individuals with abnormal cholesterol and glucose level. Int J Biomed 2012; 2: Gurpreet K, Tee GH, Karuthan C. Evaluation of the accuracy of the Omron HEM-907 blood pressure device. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63: Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003; 289: Institute of Public Health (IPH) 2011 National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011 (NHMS 2011), NMRR Volume 2: Noncommunicable diseases, 188 pages, ISBN Kidney International (2013) 84,
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has received
Participant Follow-up in the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) After Initial Detection Allan J. Collins, MD, FACP, 1,2 Suying Li, PhD, 1 Shu-Cheng Chen, MS, 1 and Joseph A. Vassalotti, MD 3,4 Background:
More informationS150 KEEP Analytical Methods. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Vol 55, No 3, Suppl 2, 2010:pp S150-S153
S150 KEEP 2009 Analytical Methods American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Vol 55, No 3, Suppl 2, 2010:pp S150-S153 S151 The Kidney Early Evaluation program (KEEP) is a free, communitybased health screening
More informationChapter - 2 DIALYSIS IN MALAYSIA
2 th Report of the Malaysian Dialysis and Transplant Registry 212 Dialysis IN Malaysia Chapter - 2 DIALYSIS IN MALAYSIA Goh Bak Leong Lim Yam Ngo Ong Loke Meng Ghazali Ahmad Lee Day Guat Dialysis IN Malaysia
More informationChapter 1: CKD in the General Population
Chapter 1: CKD in the General Population Overall prevalence of CKD (Stages 1-5) in the U.S. adult general population was 14.8% in 2011-2014. CKD Stage 3 is the most prevalent (NHANES: Figure 1.2 and Table
More informationA n aly tical m e t h o d s
a A n aly tical m e t h o d s If I didn t go to the screening at Farmers Market I would not have known about my kidney problems. I am grateful to the whole staff. They were very professional. Thank you.
More informationAnalytical Methods: the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) The Kidney Early Evaluation program (KEEP) is a free, community based health
Analytical Methods: the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) 2000 2006 Database Design and Study Participants The Kidney Early Evaluation program (KEEP) is a free, community based health screening program
More informationCreatinine & egfr A Clinical Perspective. Suheir Assady MD, PhD Dept. of Nephrology & Hypertension RHCC
Creatinine & egfr A Clinical Perspective Suheir Assady MD, PhD Dept. of Nephrology & Hypertension RHCC CLINICAL CONDITIONS WHERE ASSESSMENT OF GFR IS IMPORTANT Stevens et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 20: 2305
More informationJAWATANKUASA ETIKA & PENYELIDIKAN PERUBATAN
JAWATANKUASA ETIKA & PENYELIDIKAN PERUBATAN (Medical Research & Ethics Committee) KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN MALAYSIA d/a Institut Pengurusan Kesihatan Jalan Rumah Sakit, Bangsar Tel.: 03-2287 4032/2282 0491/2282
More informationHAEMODIALYSIS GOVERNMENT CENTRES
HAEMODIALYSIS IN GOVERNMENT CENTRES Stock and Flow Place of Haemodialysis and its Finance Death on Haemodialysis and Transfer to PD Government Haemodialysis Centres Haemodialysis Patient Characteristics
More informationCHAPTER 8 CADAVERIC ORGAN AND TISSUE DONATION. Editor: Datin Dr Lela Yasmin Mansor
CHAPTER 8 Editor: Datin Dr Lela Yasmin Mansor Expert Panel Datin Dr Lela Yasmin Mansor (chairperson) Dr Hooi Lai Seong Dr Omar Sulaiman Dr Muhammed Anis Abdul Wahab Matron Jamaliah Kario Staff Nurse Santi
More informationThe incidence and prevalence of hypertension
Hypertension and CKD: Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2004 Madhav V. Rao, MD, 1 Yang Qiu, MS, 2 Changchun Wang, MS, 2 and George
More informationCHAPTER 2. Dialysis in Malaysia
15th Report of the Malaysian Dialysis and Transplant Registry 27 DIALYSIS IN MALAYSIA CHAPTER 2 Dialysis in Malaysia Lim Yam Ngo Lim Teck Onn Lee Day Guat 4 DIALYSIS IN MALAYSIA 15th Report of the Malaysian
More informationTREAT THE KIDNEY TO SAVE THE HEART. Leanna Tyshler, MD Chronic Kidney Disease Medical Advisor Northwest Kidney Centers February 2 nd, 2009
TREAT THE KIDNEY TO SAVE THE HEART Leanna Tyshler, MD Chronic Kidney Disease Medical Advisor Northwest Kidney Centers February 2 nd, 2009 1 ESRD Prevalent Rates in 1996 per million population December
More informationKEEP Summary Figures S32. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;57(3)(suppl 2):S32-S56
21 Summary Figures S32 Definitions DATA ANALYSES DIABETES Self-reported diabetes, self reported diabetic retinopathy, receiving medication for diabetes, or elevated blood glucose (WHO); fasting blood sugar
More informationA New Approach for Evaluating Renal Function and Predicting Risk. William McClellan, MD, MPH Emory University Atlanta
A New Approach for Evaluating Renal Function and Predicting Risk William McClellan, MD, MPH Emory University Atlanta Goals Understand the limitations and uses of creatinine based measures of kidney function
More informationKEEP Summary Figures S40. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;59(3)(suppl 2):S40-S64
211 Summary Figures S4 Am J Kidney Dis. 212;59(3)(suppl 2):S4-S64 Definitions DATA ANALYSES DIABETES Self-reported diabetes, self reported diabetic retinopathy, receiving medication for diabetes, or elevated
More informationQUICK REFERENCE FOR HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS
KEY MESSAGES 1 SCREENING CRITERIA Screen: Patients with DM and/or hypertension at least yearly. Consider screening patients with: Age >65 years old Family history of stage 5 CKD or hereditary kidney disease
More informationCorrespondence should be addressed to Maisarah Jalalonmuhali;
Hindawi International Journal of Nephrology Volume 2017, Article ID 2901581, 7 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2901581 Research Article Comparative Performance of Creatinine-Based Estimated Glomerular
More informationThe relation between estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria in Okayama Prefecture, Japan
Environ Health Prev Med (2011) 16:191 195 DOI 10.1007/s12199-010-0183-9 SHORT COMMUNICATION The relation between estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria in Okayama Prefecture, Japan Nobuyuki
More informationCHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG MALAYSIAN ADULTS POPULATION FROM 2003 TO 2014
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG MALAYSIAN ADULTS POPULATION FROM 2003 TO 2014 Azli Baharudin 1, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad 1, Nor Azian Mohd Zaki 1, Kee Chee Cheong
More informationCHAPTER 5. Paediatric Renal Replacement Therapy
24th Report of the CHAPTER 5 Paediatric Renal Replacement Therapy Lee Ming Lee Lim Yam Ngo Lynster Liaw Chiew Tung Susan Pee Yap Yok Chin Wan Jazilah Wan Ismail 24th Report of the SECTION A: RRT PROVISION
More informationChapter 5 PAEDIATRIC RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY. Lee Ming Lee Lim Yam Ngo Lynster Liaw Susan Pee Wan Jazilah Wan Ismail Yap Yok Chin
Chapter 5 PAEDIATRIC RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY Lee Ming Lee Lim Yam Ngo Lynster Liaw Susan Pee Wan Jazilah Wan Ismail Yap Yok Chin SECTION A: RRT PROVISION FOR PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS This chapter presents
More informationKEEP 2009 Summary Figures
S4 29 Summary Figures American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Vol 55, No 3, Suppl 2, 21:pp S4-S57 S41 Definitions DATA ANALYSES DIABETES Self-reported diabetes, self reported diabetic retinopathy, receiving
More informationOutline. Outline CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW. Question 1: Which of these patients has CKD?
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW MICHAEL G. SHLIPAK, MD, MPH CHIEF-GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE, SAN FRANCISCO VA MEDICAL CENTER PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS,
More informationEvaluation of Chronic Kidney Disease KDIGO. Paul E de Jong University Medical Center Groningen The Netherlands
Evaluation of Chronic Kidney Disease Paul E de Jong University Medical Center Groningen The Netherlands Evaluation and Management of CKD 1. Definition and classification of CKD 2. Definition and impact
More informationSummary of Recommendation Statements Kidney International Supplements (2013) 3, 5 14; doi: /kisup
http://www.kidney-international.org & 2013 DIGO Summary of Recommendation Statements idney International Supplements (2013) 3, 5 14; doi:10.1038/kisup.2012.77 Chapter 1: Definition and classification of
More informationHypertension, Hypertension Control, and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Malay Population in Singapore
Asia Pac J Public Health OnlineFirst, published on May 10, 2010 as doi:10.1177/1010539510361637 Hypertension, Hypertension Control, and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Malay Population in Singapore Asia-Pacific
More informationDiabetes Control and Complications in Public Hospitals in Malaysia
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Diabetes Control and Complications in Public Hospitals in Malaysia Mafauzy M. FRCP For the Diabcare-Malaysia Study Group, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian,
More informationCommunity-based screening for chronic kidney disease among populations older than 40 years in Beijing
Nephrol Dial Transplant (2007) 22: 1093 1099 doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl763 Advance Access publication 8 January 2007 Original Article Community-based screening for chronic kidney disease among populations older
More informationConcept and General Objectives of the Conference: Prognosis Matters. Andrew S. Levey, MD Tufts Medical Center Boston, MA
Concept and General Objectives of the Conference: Prognosis Matters Andrew S. Levey, MD Tufts Medical Center Boston, MA General Objectives Topics to discuss What are the key outcomes of CKD? What progress
More informationASSESSMENT OF A POINT-OF-CARE DEVICE FOR MEASURING CREATININE IN A COMMUNITY SCREENING PROGRAM FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
ASSESSMENT OF A POINT-OF-CARE DEVICE FOR MEASURING CREATININE IN A COMMUNITY SCREENING PROGRAM FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE Brooke Ann Spaeth, Anne K Shephard, Mark DS Shephard, Timothy H Mathew ABSTRACT
More informationObjectives. Pre-dialysis CKD: The Problem. Pre-dialysis CKD: The Problem. Objectives
The Role of the Primary Physician and the Nephrologist in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease () By Brian Young, M.D. Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
More informationUSRDS UNITED STATES RENAL DATA SYSTEM
USRDS UNITED STATES RENAL DATA SYSTEM Chapter 2: Identification and Care of Patients With CKD Over half of patients from the Medicare 5 percent sample have either a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease
More informationOutline. Outline CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW 7/23/2013. Question 1: Which of these patients has CKD?
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW MICHAEL G. SHLIPAK, MD, MPH CHIEF-GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE, SAN FRANCISCO VA MEDICAL CENTER PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS,
More informationOutline. Outline 10/14/2014 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW. Question 1: Which of these patients has CKD?
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW MICHAEL G. SHLIPAK, MD, MPH CHIEF-GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE, SAN FRANCISCO VA MEDICAL CENTER PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS,
More informationResearch Article Forecasting the Incidence and Prevalence of Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease in Malaysia up to the Year 2040
Hindawi International Nephrology Volume 217, Article ID 2735296, 5 pages https://doi.org/1.1155/217/2735296 Research Article Forecasting the Incidence and Prevalence of Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
More informationDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Padjadjaran University-Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital 2
Original Article Comparison of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Mean Value of HARUS 15-30-60, HADI, and ASIAN Fomula Accuracy in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Sylvia Rachmayati, 1 Ida Parwati, 1 Abdul Hadi
More informationCARDIO-RENAL SYNDROME
CARDIO-RENAL SYNDROME Luis M Ruilope Athens, October 216 DISCLOSURES: ADVISOR/SPEAKER for Astra-Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Daiichi-Sankyo, Esteve, GSK Janssen, Lacer, Medtronic, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Relypsa,
More informationHospital Selayang JKNS
State Venue & Date Collaboration Delegates Activities Johor KOMTAR JBCC Hospital Sultanah 504 Chairobic 11 th March 2018 Aminah NKF Health awareness talks by nephrologists, obstretrician, dermatologist,
More informationMasatoshi Kawashima 1, Koji Wada 2, Hiroshi Ohta 2, Rika Moriya 3 and Yoshiharu Aizawa 1. Journal of Occupational Health
176 J Occup Health, Vol. 54, 2012 J Occup Health 2012; 54: 176 180 Journal of Occupational Health Evaluation of Validity of the Urine Dipstick Test for Identification of Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate
More informationDisclosures. Outline. Outline 5/23/17 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW MICHAEL G. SHLIPAK, MD, MPH CHIEF-GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE, SAN FRANCISCO VA MEDICAL CENTER PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS,
More informationDisclosures. Outline. Outline 7/27/2017 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW MICHAEL G. SHLIPAK, MD, MPH CHIEF-GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE, SAN FRANCISCO VA MEDICAL CENTER PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS,
More informationCKDinform: A PCP s Guide to CKD Detection and Delaying Progression
CKDinform: A PCP s Guide to CKD Detection and Delaying Progression Learning Objectives Describe suitable screening tools, such as GFR and ACR, for proper utilization in clinical practice related to the
More informationLife Science Journal 2014;11(10)
Performance of CKD-EPI versus MDRD among Diabetic Egyptians Khaled Abou-Seif, Yahya Makkeyah, Maha Behairy and Mohamed Mostafa Ali Internal Medicine & Nephrology Department, Ain Shams University Mahabehairy80@gmail.com
More information1. Albuminuria an early sign of glomerular damage and renal disease. albuminuria
1. Albuminuria an early sign of glomerular damage and renal disease albuminuria Cardio-renal continuum REGRESS Target organ damage Asymptomatic CKD New risk factors Atherosclerosis Target organ damage
More informationCHAPTER 1 PROVISION OF ACUTE CORONARY CARE SERVICES IN MALAYSIA
CHAPTER 1 PROVISION OF ACUTE CORONARY CARE SERVICES IN MALAYSIA Sim Kui Hian Wan Azman Wan Ahmad Robaayah Zambahari Chin Sze Piaw Jamaiyah Haniff Lim Teck Onn In 26, there were a total of 31186 admissions
More informationKEEP S u m m a r y F i g u r e s. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Vol 53, No 4, Suppl 4, 2009:pp S32 S44.
28 S u m m a r y F i g u r e s American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Vol 53, No 4, Suppl 4, 29:pp S32 S44. S32 Definitions S33 Data Analyses Diabetes Self-reported diabetes, self reported diabetic retinopathy,
More informationINDEX WORDS: Awareness; chronic kidney disease; Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI); estimated glomerular filtration rate.
KEEP 2010 Comparison of CKD Awareness in a Screening Population Using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study and CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) Equations Manjula Kurella Tamura,
More informationDiabetes Mellitus in CKD: Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) and National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES)
Diabetes Mellitus in CKD: Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) and National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 Adam T. Whaley-Connell, DO, MSPH, 1 James R. Sowers, MD, 1 Samy
More informationKey Words: Screening, egfr, Newly Diagnosed Hypertensives, Diabetics
EGFR AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE STAGES AMONG NEWLY DIAGNOSED ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERTENSIVES AND DIABETICS SEEN IN A TERTIARY HEALTH CENTER IN NIGERIA Objectives: Moderate to severe CKD, may be symptomless
More informationNIH Public Access Author Manuscript JAMA Intern Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 August 01.
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: JAMA Intern Med. 2014 August ; 174(8): 1397 1400. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.2492. Prevalence and Characteristics of Systolic
More informationPrimary Care Approach to Management of CKD
Primary Care Approach to Management of CKD This PowerPoint was developed through a collaboration between the National Kidney Foundation and ASCP. Copyright 2018 National Kidney Foundation and ASCP Low
More informationAddressing Chronic Kidney Disease in People with Multiple Chronic Conditions
Addressing Chronic Kidney Disease in People with Multiple Chronic Conditions Andrew S Narva, MD Na/onal Kidney Disease Educa/on Program U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institute of
More informationGuest Speaker Evaluations Viewer Call-In Thanks to our Sponsors: Phone: Fax: Public Health Live T 2 B 2
Public Health Live T 2 B 2 Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetes: Early Identification and Intervention Guest Speaker Joseph Vassalotti, MD, FASN Chief Medical Officer National Kidney Foundation Thanks to
More informationChapter 1: CKD in the General Population
Chapter 1: CKD in the General Population In light of the 2017 blood pressure guidelines from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), this year we examine hypertension control
More informationSupplementary appendix
Supplementary appendix This appendix formed part of the original submission and has been peer reviewed. We post it as supplied by the authors. Supplement to: Jha V, Garcia-Garcia G, Iseki K, et al. Chronic
More informationFrom Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
FROM ISHIB 2009 THE PROS AND CONS OF STAGING CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE Background and Objectives: In 2002 the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative presented a new definition
More informationThe Diabetes Kidney Disease Connection Missouri Foundation for Health February 26, 2009
The Diabetes Kidney Disease Connection Missouri Foundation for Health February 26, 2009 Teresa Northcutt, RN BSN Primaris Program Manager, Prevention - CKD MO-09-01-CKD This material was prepared by Primaris,
More informationCHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW MICHAEL G. SHLIPAK, MD, MPH
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW MICHAEL G. SHLIPAK, MD, MPH SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR KIDNEY HEALTH RESEARCH COLLABORATIVE - UCSF CHIEF - GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE, SAN FRANCISCO
More informationHo Jun Chin 1,2,3, Jeong Myeong Ahn 2, Ki Young Na 1,2, Dong-wan Chae 1,2,3, Tae Woo Lee 1,3, Nam Joo Heo 4 and Suhnggwon Kim 1,3.
Nephrol Dial Transplant (2010) 25: 413 419 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfp512 Advance Access publication 25 September 2009 The effect of the World Kidney Day campaign on the awareness of chronic kidney disease and
More informationCHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW MICHAEL G. SHLIPAK, MD, MPH CHIEF-GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE, SAN FRANCISCO VA MEDICAL CENTER PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS,
More informationSeong Woo Lee 1, Yong Chul Kim 1, Se-Won Oh 2, Ho Seok Koo 1, Ki Young Na 2, Dong-Wan Chae 2, Suhnggwon Kim 1 and Ho Jun Chin 2.
Nephrol Dial Transplant (2011) 26: 3975 3980 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr154 Advance Access publication 31 March 2011 Trends in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease, other chronic diseases and health-related
More informationManaging Chronic Kidney Disease: Reducing Risk for CKD Progression
Managing Chronic Kidney Disease: Reducing Risk for CKD Progression Arasu Gopinath, MD Clinical Nephrologist, Medical Director, Jordan Landing Dialysis Center Objectives: Identify the most important risks
More informationPrevalence and risk factor analysis of microalbuminuria in Japanese general population: The Takahata study
http://www.kidney-international.org & 2006 International Society of Nephrology original article Prevalence and risk factor analysis of microalbuminuria in Japanese general population: The Takahata study
More informationEstimates of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from serum
Annals of Internal Medicine Review Estimating Equations for Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Era of Creatinine Standardization A Systematic Review Amy Earley, BS; Dana Miskulin, MD, MS; Edmund J. Lamb,
More informationRationale: Objectives: Indication: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Study Investigators/Centers: 300 physicians in 292 clinics Research Methods: Data Source:
GSK Medicine: N/A Study No.: 112255 Title: A Korean, multi-center, nation-wide, cross-sectional, epidemiology study to identify prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes
More informationTerms of Reference (TOR)
Terms of Reference (TOR) Terms of Reference for MSM Operational Research including Consultation with Key Stakeholders/Focus Group Discussions, Mapping of Currently Available Services, and Assessment of
More informationMalaysia Influenza Surveillance Protocol (2016) Dr. Zuhaida A. Jalil Surveillance Sector Disease Control Division, MOH Malaysia 3 May 2018
Malaysia Influenza Surveillance Protocol (2016) Dr. Zuhaida A. Jalil Surveillance Sector Disease Control Division, MOH Malaysia 3 May 2018 INTRODUCTION Development of the Malaysia Influenza Surveillance
More informationChapter 2: Identification and Care of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 2: Identification and Care of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Introduction The examination of care in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant challenge, as most large datasets
More informationChapter Two Renal function measures in the adolescent NHANES population
0 Chapter Two Renal function measures in the adolescent NHANES population In youth acquire that which may restore the damage of old age; and if you are mindful that old age has wisdom for its food, you
More informationTHE PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS THAT MAY CAUSE DEPRESSION AMONG ADULT WOMEN IN SELANGOR
ORIGINAL PAPER THE PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS THAT MAY CAUSE DEPRESSION AMONG ADULT WOMEN IN SELANGOR Sherina MS*, Rampal L*, Azhar MZ** *Department of Community Health,
More informationFACTORS INFLUENCING SMOKING BEHAVIOURS AMONG MALE ADOLESCENTS IN KUANTAN DISTRICT
FACTORS INFLUENCING SMOKING BEHAVIOURS AMONG MALE ADOLESCENTS IN KUANTAN DISTRICT M. Y Rapeah, Y Munirah, 0. Latifah, K Faizah, S. Norsimah, M Maryana, R. Saub. Factors influencing smoking behaviours among
More informationChronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology in Northern Senegal A Cross-sectional Study
KIDNEY DISEASES Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology in Northern Senegal A Cross-sectional Study Sidy Mohamed Seck, 1,2 Dominique Doupa, 2,3 Lamine Guéye, 2 Issa Ba 4 Special Report 1 Department of Internal
More informationKidney Failure- Are you at risk?? ( 腎功能衰竭 - 你是在高危險群嗎?)
Kidney Failure- Are you at risk?? ( 腎功能衰竭 - 你是在高危險群嗎?) Dr Goh Heong Keong, Penang www.passpaces.com/kidney.htm Outline of Lecture Introduction( 介紹 ) Definition of Chronic kidney disease( 慢性肾脏病的定义 ) Stages
More informationDiabetic Nephropathy
Diabetic Nephropathy Larry Lehrner, Ph.D.,M.D. llehrner@ksosn.com Commercial Support Acknowledgement: There is no outside support for this activity Financial Disclosure: stocks > 50,000 Bayer, J&J, Norvartis,Novo
More informationOutline. Outline. Introduction CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW 8/11/2011
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW MICHAEL G. SHLIPAK, MD, MPH CHIEF-GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE, SAN FRANCISCO VA MEDICAL CENTER PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS,
More informationDietary Sodium Intake and Urinary Sodium Excretion by Age Groups among Urban Dwellers
Dietary Sodium Intake and Urinary Sodium Excretion by Age Groups among Urban Dwellers Associate Professor Dr. Hazreen B Abd Majid Department of Social and Preventive Medicine and Centre for Population
More informationManaging patients with renal disease
Managing patients with renal disease Hiddo Lambers Heerspink, MD University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands Asian Cardio Diabetes Forum April 23 24, 216 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Prevalent cases,
More informationChronic kidney disease-what can you do and when to refer?
Chronic kidney disease-what can you do and when to refer? Dr Goh Heong Keong www.passpaces.com/kidney.htm Outline of Lecture Introduction Epidemiology of CKD in Malaysia/ World Complications of CKD What
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CALGARY. diabetes mellitus. Vinay Deved A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Quality of care and outcomes for First Nations People and non-first Nations People with diabetes mellitus by Vinay Deved A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL
More informationChronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Educational Objectives Outline Demographics Propose Strategies to slow progression and improve outcomes Plan for treatment of CKD Chronic Kidney Disease
More informationSupplementary Online Content
Supplementary Online Content Afkarian M, Zelnick L, Hall YN, et al. Clinical manifestations of kidney disease among US adults with diabetes, 1988-2014. JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.10924 emethods efigure
More informationQuality ID #119 (NQF 0062): Diabetes: Medical Attention for Nephropathy National Quality Strategy Domain: Effective Clinical Care
Quality ID #119 (NQF 0062): Diabetes: Medical Attention for Nephropathy National Quality Strategy Domain: Effective Clinical Care 2018 OPTIONS F INDIVIDUAL MEASURES: REGISTRY ONLY MEASURE TYPE: Process
More informationAnnual Report of the Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Registry
MOH/S/CRC/51.18 (AR) NATIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE DATABASE (NCVD) Annual Report of the Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Registry 2014 2015 Editor: Wan Azman Wan Ahmad A publication of the National Heart
More informationAppendix This appendix was part of the submitted manuscript and has been peer reviewed. It is posted as supplied by the authors.
Appendix This appendix was part of the submitted manuscript and has been peer reviewed. It is posted as supplied by the authors. Appendix to: Banks E, Crouch SR, Korda RJ, et al. Absolute risk of cardiovascular
More informationPrevalence of chronic kidney disease based on estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria in Icelandic adults
Nephrol Dial Transplant (2005) 20: 1799 1807 doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh914 Advance Access publication 31 May 2005 Original Article Prevalence of chronic kidney disease based on estimated glomerular filtration
More informationPREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND SELF-REPORTED CHRONIC DISEASES AMONG RESIDENTS IN PULAU KUNDUR, KELANTAN, MALAYSIA
SOUTHEAST ASIAN J TROP MED PUBLIC HEALTH PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND SELF-REPORTED CHRONIC DISEASES AMONG RESIDENTS IN PULAU KUNDUR, KELANTAN, MALAYSIA S Mohd Nazri, M Kamarul Imran, I Mohd Ismail and
More information23-Jun-15. Albuminuria Renal and Cardiovascular Consequences A history of progress since ,490,000. Kidney Center, UMC Groningen
Kidney function (egfr in ml/min) Albuminuria (mg/hr) Incidentie ESRD (%) 3-Jun- Number of patients worldwide that receives kidney replacement therapy Albuminuria Renal and Cardiovascular Consequences A
More informationManagement of Early Kidney Disease: What to do Before Referring to the Nephrologist
Management of Early Kidney Disease: What to do Before Referring to the Nephrologist Andrew S. Narva, MD, NIDDK Saturday, February 18, 2017 8:45 a.m. 9:30 a.m. Although evidence-based guidelines for managing
More informationAcknowledgements. National Kidney Foundation of Connecticut Mark Perazella. Co-PI Slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease to ESRD
A Practical Approach to Chronic Kidney Disease Management for the Primary Care Practioner: A web-site sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation of Connecticut Robert Reilly, M.D. Acknowledgements National
More informationMalaysian Healthy Ageing Society
Organised by: Co-Sponsored: Malaysian Healthy Ageing Society Bridging The Gap Between Primary And Secondary Care The Physiotherapy Perspective PRIMARY HEALTHCARE Thrust of the Malaysian healthcare system
More informationTitle:Impaired renal function and associated risk factors in newly diagnosed HIV-infected Adults in Gulu Hospital, Northern Uganda
Author's response to reviews Title:Impaired renal function and associated risk factors in newly diagnosed HIV-infected Adults in Gulu Hospital, Northern Uganda Authors: Pancras Odongo (odongopancras@gmail.com)
More informationHigher levels of Urinary Albumin Excretion within the Normal Range Predict Faster Decline in Glomerular Filtration Rate in Diabetic Patients
Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print, published online May 12, 2009 Albuminuria and GFR Decline in Diabetes Higher levels of Urinary Albumin Excretion within the Normal Range Predict Faster Decline in
More informationClinical Study Factors Associated with the Decline of Kidney Function Differ among egfr Strata in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
International Endocrinology Volume 2012, Article ID 687867, 6 pages doi:10.1155/2012/687867 Clinical Study Factors Associated with the Decline of Kidney Function Differ among egfr Strata in Subjects with
More informationPRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE NATIONAL CATARACT SURGERY REGISTRY JANUARY TO MARCH 2002
PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE NATIONAL CATARACT SURGERY REGISTRY JANUARY TO MARCH 2002 Edited by Goh Pik Pin Hamidah Budin Ong Poh Yan Shamala Retnasabapathy A publication of the National Cataract Surgery
More informationClinical Significance of Subjective Foamy Urine
Original ArticleMetabolism www.cmj.ac.kr Clinical Significance of Subjective Foamy Urine Kyu Keun Kang, Jung Ran Choi, Ji Young Song, Sung Wan Han, So Hyun Park, Woong Sun Yoo, Hwe Won Kim, Dongyoung Lee,
More informationOutline. Introduction. Outline CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW 6/26/2012
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UPDATE: WHAT THE GENERALIST NEEDS TO KNOW MICHAEL G. SHLIPAK, MD, MPH CHIEF-GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE, SAN FRANCISCO VA MEDICAL CENTER PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS,
More informationOnline clinical pathway for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in primary care. February 27, 2015 Dr. Kerry McBrien University of Calgary
Online clinical pathway for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in primary care February 27, 2015 Dr. Kerry McBrien University of Calgary FACULTY/PRESENTER DISCLOSURE Faculty: Kerry McBrien Relationships with
More informationTHE PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND DIABETES MELLITUS
214 ILEX PUBLISHING HOUSE, Bucharest, Roumania http://www.jrdiabet.ro Rom J Diabetes Nutr Metab Dis. 21(3):23-212 doi: 1.2478/rjdnmd-214-25 THE PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND DIABETES
More information