Coding with MedDRA. MedDRA trademark is owned by IFPMA on behalf of ICH

Transcription

1 Coding with MedDRA MedDRA trademark is owned by IFPMA on behalf of ICH

2 MedDRA was developed under the auspices of the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). The activities of the MedDRA Maintenance and Support Services Organization (MSSO) are overseen by an ICH MedDRA Management Board, which is composed of the six ICH parties (EU, EFPIA, MHLW, JPMA, FDA, PhRMA), the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) of the UK, Health Canada, and the WHO (as Observer). MSSO-DI

3 Disclaimer and Copyright Notice This presentation is protected by copyright and may be used, reproduced, incorporated into other works, adapted, d modified, d translated t or distributed ib t d under a public license provided that ICH's copyright in the presentation is acknowledged at all times. In case of any adaption, modification or translation of the presentation, reasonable steps must be taken to clearly label, demarcate or otherwise identify that changes were made to or based on the original presentation. Any impression that the adaption, modification or translation of the original presentation is endorsed or sponsored by the ICH must be avoided. The presentation is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. In no event shall the ICH or the authors of the original presentation be liable for any claim, damages or other liability arising from the use of the presentation. The above-mentioned permissions do not apply to content supplied by third parties. Therefore, for documents where the copyright vests in a third party, permission for reproduction must be obtained from this copyright holder. MSSO-DI

4 Course Overview MedDRA background MedDRA s structure, scope, and characteristics MedDRA maintenance Coding conventions Synonym lists QA of coding MedDRA Term Selection: Points to Consider document Hands-on coding exercises MSSO-DI

5 MedDRA Background

6 What is MedDRA? Med = Medical D = Dictionary for R = Regulatory A = Activities MSSO-DI

7 Objectives for MedDRA Development Result of an ICH initiative (M1) To provide: An international multi-lingual terminology Standardized di d communication between industry and regulators Support of electronic submissions Application through all phases of the development cycle MSSO-DI

8 Objectives for MedDRA Development (cont) To provide (cont): Classification for a wide range of clinical i l information Support for multiple medical product areas A terminology that saves time, resources, and money MSSO-DI

9 MedDRA and the MSSO International support and development of terminology Foster use of MedDRA through communications and educational offerings Custodians, not owners, of the terminology JMO (partner organization for Japanese- language MedDRA) Governed by a Management Board (industry, regulators, multi-national, other interested parties) MSSO-DI

10 MedDRA Definition MedDRA is a clinically-validated international medical terminology used by regulatory authorities and the regulated biopharmaceutical industry. The terminology is used through the entire regulatory process, from pre-marketing to post-marketing, and for data entry, retrieval, evaluation, and presentation. MSSO-DI

11 US FDA Regulatory Statust Used in several databases including FAERS (drugs and biologics), VAERS (vaccines), and CAERS (foods, dietary supplements, cosmetics) FAERS and VAERS accept LLTs and PTs CAERS accepts PTs Recommended terminology for adverse event reporting in several Proposed Rules Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Mandatory use in electronic reporting LLTs and PTs accepted MSSO-DI

12 Regulatory Status (cont) European Union EudraVigilance database Clinical trial SUSARs (Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions) Post-authorization Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) Use MedDRA LLTs (current version or the one previous to it) New PV legislation l i covers suspected adverse reactions from: Use inside and outside terms of marketing authorization Overdose, misuse, abuse, and medication errors Occupational exposures Good pharmacovigilance practices (GVP) specifically mention MedDRA MSSO-DI

13 Regulatory Status t (cont) European Union (cont) Used in interface between EudraVigilance and EU Risk Management Plan Used throughout Summary of Product Characteristics (labeling) ICH M4E Guideline on Common Technical Document Recommended in adverse event summary tables Canada Recommended/preferred terminology for adverse reaction reporting and Product Monograph (labeling) MSSO-DI

14 MedDRA Overview

15 Scope of MedDRA Not a drug dictionary Patient demographic terms Clinical trial study design terms OUT IN Medical conditions Indications Investigations (tests, results) Medical and surgical procedures Medical, social, family history Medication errors Product quality issues Device-related issues Pharmacogenetic terms Toxicologic issues Standardized queries Frequency qualifiers Numerical values for results Severity descriptors Not an equipment, device, diagnostic product dictionary MSSO-DI

16 MedDRA Structure System Organ Class (SOC) (26) High Level Group Term (HLGT) (334) High Level Term (HLT) (1,717) Preferred Term (PT) (20,057) 057) Lowest Level Term (LLT) (71,326) MedDRA Version 16.0 MSSO-DI

17 MedDRA Term Level Definitions SOC - Highest level of the terminology, and representing an anatomical or physiological system, etiology, or purpose HLGT - Subordinate to SOC, superordinate grouping for one or more HLTs HLT - Subordinate to HLGT, superordinate grouping for one or more PTs PT - Represents a single medical concept LLT - Lowest level of the terminology, related to a single PT as a synonym, lexical variant, or quasi- synonym (Note: All PTs have an identical LLT) MSSO-DI

18 System Organ Classes Blood and lymphatic system disorders Cardiac disorders Congenital, familial and genetic disorders Ear and labyrinth disorders Endocrine disorders Eye disorders Gastrointestinal disorders General disorders and administration site conditions Hepatobiliary disorders Immune system disordersd Infections and infestations Injury, poisoning and procedural complications Investigations Metabolism and nutrition disorders Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) Nervous system disorders Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions Psychiatric i disorders d Renal and urinary disorders Reproductive system and breast disorders Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Social circumstances Surgical and medical procedures Vascular disorders MSSO-DI

19 High Level Group Term Subordinate only to SOCs and superordinate grouping for one or more HLTs SOC Cardiac disorders HLGT HLGT HLGT Coronary artery Cardiac Cardiac valve disorders arrhythmias disorders MSSO-DI

20 High Level Term Subordinate to HLGTs and superordinate grouping for the PTs linked to it SOC Cardiac disorders HLGT Cardiac arrhythmias HLT HLT HLT Rate and rhythm disorders NEC Cardiac conduction disorders Supraventricular arrhythmias MSSO-DI

21 Examples of PTs SOC = Cardiac disorders HLGT = Cardiac arrhythmias HLT = Rate and rhythm disorders NEC PT PT PT Arrhythmia Bradycardia Tachyarrhythmia MSSO-DI

22 Examples of LLTs SOC = Cardiac disorders d HLGT = Cardiac arrhythmias HLT = Rate and rhythm disorders NEC PT = Arrhythmia LLT LLT Arrhythmia LLT Dysrhythmias NOS Arrhythmia LLT (Non-current) Other specified cardiac dysrhythmias MSSO-DI

23 Non-Current Terms Non-current tterms are flagged at tthe LLT level within MedDRA Not recommended for continued use Retained within the terminology to preserve e historical data for retrieval e and analysis Terms that are vague, ambiguous, out- dated, d truncated, t or misspelled Terms derived from other terminologies that do not fit MedDRA rules MSSO-DI

24 MedDRA Codes Each MedDRA term assigned an 8-digit numeric code The code is non-expressive Codes can fulfill a data field in various electronic submission types (e.g., E2B) Initially assigned alphabetically by term starting with New terms are assigned sequentially Supplemental terms are assigned codes MSSO-DI

25 A Multi-Axial Terminology Multi-axial i l = the representation ti of a medical concept in multiple SOCs Allows grouping by different classifications Allows retrieval and presentation via different data sets Purpose of Primary SOC Determines which SOC will represent a PT during cumulative data outputs Is used to support consistent data presentation for reporting to regulators MSSO-DI

26 A Multi-Axial Terminology (cont) SOC = Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders SOC = Infections and infestations HLGT = Respiratory tract infections HLGT = Viral infectious disorders HLT = Viral upper respiratory tract infections HLT = Influenza viral infections PT = Influenza MSSO-DI

27 A Multi-Axial Terminology (cont) PTs in the following SOCs only appear in that particular SOC and not in others, i.e., they are not multi-axial Investigations Surgical and medical procedures Social circumstances MSSO-DI

28 Rules for Primary SOC Allocation PTs for diseases, signs and symptoms are assigned to prime manifestation site SOC Congenital and hereditary anomalies terms have SOC Congenital, familial l and genetic disorders d as Primary SOC Neoplasms terms have SOC Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) as Primary SOC Exception: Cysts and polyps have prime manifestation site SOC as Primary SOC Infections and infestations terms have SOC Infections and infestations as Primary SOC MSSO-DI

29 Primary SOC Priority If a PT links to more than one of the exceptions, the following priority will be used dto determine primary SOC: 1 st : Congenital, familial and genetic disorders 2 nd : Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) 3 rd : Infections and infestations MSSO-DI

30 SOC Congenital, familial l and genetic disorders - Example PT HLT HLGT SOC Congenital Viral infections Infections and Congenital, HIV congenital infestations familial and infection congenital genetic disorders (P) Congenital Neonatal and Pregnancy, neonatal infections perinatal conditions puerperium and perinatal conditions Retroviral infections Viral infectious disorders Infections and infestations Acquired immunodeficiency syndromes Immunodeficiency Immune syndromes system disorders MSSO-DI

31 Conditions vs. Investigations PT HLT HLGT SOC Pregnancy test positive Reproductive hormone analyses Endocrine investigations (incl sex hormones) Investigations Pregnancy Normal pregnancy, labour and delivery Pregnancy, labour, delivery and postpartum t conditions Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions Be careful to distinguish between a condition and an investigation or a result of an investigation MSSO-DI

32 Standardised MedDRA Queries (SMQs) Groupings of terms from more than one SOC related to defined medical condition or area of interest Examples: Lack of efficacy/effect; Rhabdomyolysis/myopathy; Osteonecrosis 90 SMQ topics available in MedDRA v16.0 More information on MSSO Web site MSSO-DI

33 MedDRA Maintenance

34 MedDRA Maintenance MedDRA is a user responsive terminology Subscribers may submit change requests to the MSSO for consideration Core and basic subscribers: 100 change requests (CRs) per month For simple changes (PT and LLT levels), notification of supplemental change within 7-10 working days Weekly supplemental l changes posted on MSSO Web site Complex changes above PT level received all year round. Posted for subscribers comments mid-year. MSSO-DI

35 MedDRA Maintenance (cont) Twice yearly official updates 1S September X1 X.1 release (Simple changes only) 1 March X.0 release (Complex and simple changes) MSSO-DI

36 WebCR Web-based based tool for Change Requests (CR) URL: Via the Change Request Information page Ability to submit CRs online Immediate confirmation Review unsubmitted CRs online Ability to query CR history back to v5.1 MSSO-DI

37 Change Request Justification Statements Justification statement always required Inadequate justification Term does not exist in MedDRA Adequate justification statement of need Support with definitions and references (PDFs preferred) Examples of need: Term needed to code an indication Concept is being reported in a clinical trial MSSO-DI

38 Proactive MedDRA Maintenance What is the proactive approach? Corrections/improvements made internally by the MSSO General changes suggested by users Submitting ideas Send to MSSO Help Desk. Justification is helpful. Example: Consider consolidation of HLTs with only one PT Evaluation of proposals MSSO is not obligated to respond Proactive approach does not replace usual CR process MSSO-DI

39 MedDRA Version Analysis Tool (MVAT) Web-based ( Free to all subscribers Allows for comparison of any two versions Features Version Report Generator (produces exportable report comparing any two versions) Data Impact Report (identifies changes to a specific set of MedDRA terms or codes uploaded to MVAT) Search Term Change (identifies changes to a single MedDRA term or code) MSSO-DI

40 MSSO s MedDRA Browsers MedDRA Desktop Browser Download from MSSO Web site View/search MedDRA and SMQs Export functionality MedDRA Web-Based Browser Requires specific user ID and password Access to all MedDRA versions in English and available EU languages (and Chinese, if subscribed) View/search MedDRA and SMQs Export functionality MSSO-DI

41 MedDRA Browser Demonstration and Instruction

42 Coding Exercises

43 Assessing the Reported Information Consider what is being reported. Is it a: Clinical condition - Diagnosis, sign or symptom? Indication? Test result? Injury? Procedure? The type of report will Medication error? influence the way you Product quality issue? search for a suitable LLT. It may indicate in which Social circumstance? SOC you expect to find Device issue? the closest match. Procedural complication? Is it a combination of these? MSSO-DI

44 MedDRA Browsing Tips First, try using actual words from reporter Use top-down and bottom-up approaches Look at the neighbors Check the hierarchy Consider synonyms, e.g., Liver and Hepatic Use word stems, e.g., Pancrea Search different word orders, and, or, etc. Use available resources for difficult verbatim terms (web search, medical dictionaries, colleagues) MSSO-DI

45 Exercise 1 The patient states she has been experiencing headaches, dizziness and vertigo. LLT PT LLT PT LLT PT MSSO-DI

46 Exercise 2 Lab results indicate an increase in erythrocytes. LLT PT MSSO-DI

47 Exercise 3 Drug was contaminated ated with Staphylococcus. LLT PT MSSO-DI

48 Exercise 4 A three year old boy was admitted for loratadine toxicity ty after accidentally ingesting the remaining tablets in the bottle. LLT PT LLT PT MSSO-DI

49 Exercise 5 The epate patient s tsinsulin pump p was noted to be broken. LLT PT MSSO-DI

50 Coding with MedDRA

51 What Does MedDRA Offer? Size and specificity ( granularity ) Hierarchy/grouping terms Support SOCs widen data collection/analysis options Up-to-date and medically rigorous User-responsive STANDARDIZATION MSSO-DI

52 Why Do We Need Coding Conventions? Differences in medical aptitude of coders Consistency concerns (many more choices to manually code terms in MedDRA compared to older terminologies) Even with an autoencoder, may still need manual coding MSSO-DI

53 Can I Make Coding Conventions Specific to My Company/Product? MedDRA may reduce the need to do this because: Increased size/granularity results in more accurate representation of data Secondary SOC allocations allow for different i views of fthe dt data This type of approach should be done cautiously MSSO-DI

54 Synonym Lists Can be derived d from existing term lists or directly from verbatims For recurring, but unusual, verbatims onetime assignment to a MedDRA term Enforces consistency by limiting choices once MedDRA term is assigned Increases likelihood of autoencoding hit Natural outgrowth of a legacy data conversion Maintenance required MSSO-DI

55 Synonym List Examples Verbatim LLT Comment Throbbing above temple Aching all over head Pulsing pain in head Muscular pain in legs Headache Myalgia of lower extremities LLT Myalgia of lower extremities is a better choice than LLT Muscular pain since it captures both the event and body site MSSO-DI

56 Synonym List Maintenance For new MedDRA versions, run synonyms against new MedDRA LLTs Identify new non-current LLTs that are on synonym list; flag for recoding Identify possible new current direct matches Remaining challenge is to determine if better medical matches have been added (essentially, a manual process) Communicate results to users of synonym y list MSSO-DI

57 QA Reports Allows reviewers to check for consistency y( (both auto-encoded and human-coded terms) Check for adherence to/deviation from coding conventions Check for emerging g drifts/biases Multiple data views (verbatims to coded terms; coded term to verbatims; by SOC, etc.) MSSO-DI

58 MSSO-DI

59 MSSO-DI

60 MedDRA Term Selection: Points to Consider (MTS:PTC) An ICH-endorsed guide for MedDRA users Provides term selection advice for industry and regulatory purposes Objective is to promote accurate and consistent term selection to facilitate a common understanding di of shared data Recommended to be used as the basis for individual id organizations coding conventions MSSO-DI

61 MedDRA Term Selection: PTC (cont) Developed by a working group of the ICH Steering Committee Regulators and industry representatives EU, Japan, USA Canadian observer, MSSO, JMO Updated d twice yearly with each MedDRA release Available on MSSO, JMO, and ICH Web sites English and Japanese Variety of file formats for ease of viewing and editing Summary of Changes document MSSO-DI

62 MTS:PTC Points of Note In some cases with more than one option for selecting terms, a preferred option is identified but this does not limit MedDRA users to applying that option. Organizations ations should be consistent in their choice of option. Section 4.1 Versioning (Appendix) Versioning methodologies Timing of version implementation MSSO-DI

63 General Term Selection Principles Quality of Source Data Quality Assurance Do Not Alter MedDRA Always Select a Lowest Level Term Select Only Current Lowest Level Terms When to Request a Term Use of Medical Judgment in Term Selection Selecting More than One Term Check the Hierarchy Select Terms for All Reported Information, Do Not Add Information MSSO-DI

64 Quality of Source Data Quality Assurance Quality of original information impacts quality of output Obtain clarification of data Can be optimized by careful design of data collection forms and proper training i of staff Organizations coding guidelines should be consistent with MTS:PTC Review of term selection by qualified individuals Human oversight of automated coding results MSSO-DI

65 Do Not Alter MedDRA MedDRA is a standardized terminology with a pre-defined term hierarchy Users must not make ad hoc structural alterations, including changing the primary SOC allocation If terms are incorrectly placed, submit a change request to the MSSO MSSO-DI

66 Always Select a Lowest Level Term Select Only Current LLTs Lowest Level Term that most accurately reflects the reported verbatim information should be selected Degree of specificity may be challenging Example: Abscess on face select Facial abscess, not simply Abscess Select current LLTs only Non-current terms for legacy conversion/historical purposes MSSO-DI

67 When to Request a Term Use of Medical Judgment Avoid company-specific work-arounds for MedDRA deficiencies. If concept not adequately represented in MedDRA, submit Change Request to MSSO. If no exact match in MedDRA, use medical judgment to match to an existing term that adequately represents the concept MSSO-DI

68 Selecting More than One Term Check the Hierarchy Can select more than one LLT to represent reported information. Document procedures. Selecting one term may lead to loss of specificity Selecting more than one term may lead to redundant counts Check the hierarchy above a selected LLT (PT, HLT, HLGT, SOC) to ensure e placement accurately reflects meaning of reported term MSSO-DI

69 Select Terms for All Reported Information Select terms for every AR/AE reported, regardless of causal association Select terms for device-related events, product quality issues, medication errors, medical and social history, investigations and indications as appropriate If diagnosis reported with characteristic signs and symptoms, preferred option is to select term for diagnosis only MSSO-DI

70 Do Not Add Information Do not make diagnosis if only signs/symptoms reported Reported LLT Selected Comment Abdominal pain Abdominal pain, increased serum amylase, and increased serum lipase Serum amylase increased Lipase increased It is inappropriate to assign an LLT for diagnosis of pancreatitis MSSO-DI

71 Pitfalls and Solutions In selecting an LLT for a result of an investigation, parent PT of the selected LLT should contain a qualifier/adjective E.g., present/absent, increased/decreased, etc. If parent PT of selected LLT does not contain a qualifier/adjective, you may have inadvertently tl selected an LLT for the test name, not a result E.g., Blood found in urine, select LLT Blood in urine (PT Blood urine present). Do not select LLT Blood urine (PT Blood urine has no qualifier/ adjective and thus represents the test t name only) l) MSSO-DI

72 Pitfalls and Solutions (cont) Inappropriate terms may be selected by autocoder Review all autocoding carefully Allergic to CAT scan autocoded as LLT Allergic egctocats cats Myocardial infarction in the fall of 2000 autocoded as LLT Myocardial infarction and LLT Fall MSSO-DI

73 FDA-Defined Coding Errors Missed Concepts All medical concepts described after the product is taken should be coded Example: The patient took drug X and developed alopecia, increased LFTs and pancreatitis. Manufacturer only codes alopecia and increased LFTs (missed concept of pancreatitis) Example: The patient took drug X and developed interstitial nephritis which later deteriorated into renal failure. Manufacturer only codes interstitial nephritis (missed renal failure concept) Acknowledgement: Dr. Toni Piazza-Hepp, Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, CDER MSSO-DI

74 FDA-Defined Coding Errors (cont) Soft Coding Selecting a term which is both less specific and less severe than another MedDRA term is soft coding Example: Liver failure coded as hepatotoxicity or increased LFTs Example: Aplastic anemia coded as unspecified anemia Example: Rash subsequently diagnosed as Stevens Johnson syndrome coded as rash Acknowledgement: Dr. Toni Piazza-Hepp, Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, CDER MSSO-DI

75 Term Selection Points Diagnoses and Provisional Diagnoses with or without Signs and Symptoms Death and Other Patient Outcomes Suicide and Self-Harm Conflicting/Ambiguous/Vague Information Combination Terms Age vs. Event Specificity Body Site vs. Event Specificity Location Specific vs. Microorganism Specific Information Modification of Pre-existing Conditions Exposures During Pregnancy and Breast Feeding Congenital Terms Neoplasms Medical and Surgical Procedures Investigations MSSO-DI

76 Term Selection Points (cont) Medication/Administration Errors, Accidental Exposures and Occupational Exposures Misuse, Abuse and Addiction Transmission of Infectious Agent via Product Overdose, Toxicity and Poisoning Device-related Terms Drug Interactions No Adverse Effect and Normal Terms Unexpected Therapeutic Effect Modification of Effect Social Circumstances Medical and Social History Indication for Product Use Off Label Use Product Quality Issues MSSO-DI

77 Diagnoses and Provisional Diagnoses SINGLE DIAGNOSIS DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS Single diagnosis without signs and symptoms PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS Single provisional diagnosis without t signs and symptoms Diagnosis (only possible option) Provisional diagnosis (only possible option) Example: Myocardial infarction select Myocardial infarction Example: Possible myocardial infarction select Myocardial infarction (select term as if definitive diagnosis) Similar principles apply for multiple diagnoses MSSO-DI

78 Diagnoses and Provisional Diagnoses (cont) SINGLE DIAGNOSIS DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS Single diagnosis with signs/ symptoms Preferred: Diagnosis only PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS Single provisional diagnosis with signs/symptoms Preferred: Provisional diagnosis and signs/symptoms Example: Anaphylactic Example: Possible myocardial reaction with rash, dyspnea, infarction with chest pain, hypotension, and laryngospasm dyspnea, diaphoresis select select Anaphylactic Myocardial infarction Chest reaction pain, Dyspnea, and Diaphoresis Similar principles apply for multiple diagnoses MSSO-DI

79 Diagnoses and Provisional Diagnoses (cont) SINGLE DIAGNOSIS DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS Single diagnosis with signs/ symptoms m PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS Single provisional diagnosis with signs/symptoms m Alternate: Diagnosis and signs/symptoms Alternate: Signs/symptoms only (as provisional diagnosis may change Example: Anaphylactic reaction Example: Possible myocardial with rash, dyspnea, hypotension, infarction with chest pain, and laryngospasm select dyspnea, diaphoresis select Anaphylactic reaction, Rash, Chest pain, Dyspnea, and Dyspnea, Hypotension, and Diaphoresis Laryngospasm Similar principles apply for multiple diagnoses MSSO-DI

80 What Terms to Select? Sepsis leading to shock from possible spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or bowel perforation Sepsis? Shock? Septic shock? Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis? Bowel perforation? MSSO-DI

81 Diagnoses and Provisional Diagnoses (cont) Always include signs/symptoms not associated with diagnosis Reported LLT Selected Myocardial infarction, chest pain, dyspnea, diaphoresis, ECG changes and jaundice Myocardial infarction Jaundice (note that jaundice is not typically associated with myocardial infarction) MSSO-DI

82 Conflicting/Ambiguous Information First, try to obtain more specific information Reported LLT Selected Comment Hyperkalemia with a serum potassium of 1.6 meq/l GU pain Serum potassium abnormal Pain LLT Serum potassium abnormal covers both of the reported concepts (note: serum potassium of meq/l is a low result, not high) GU could be either genito-urinary or gastric ulcer. If additional information is not available, then select a term to reflect the information that is known, i.e., LLT Pain MSSO-DI

83 Vague Information First, try to obtain more specific information Reported LLT Selected Comment Turned green Unevaluable event Turned green reported alone is vague; this could refer to a patient condition or even to a product (e.g., pills) Patient had a medical problem of unclear type Ill-defined disorder Since it is known that there is some form of a medical disorder, LLT Ill-defined disorder can be selected MSSO-DI

84 What Terms to Select? Clinical l complication of IUD IUD complication (PT Medical device complication)? Intra-uterine death (PT Foetal death)? Unevaluable event? Hypoglycemia (blood glucose = 200 mg/dl) Blood glucose abnormal? Blood glucose increased? Hypoglycemia? MSSO-DI

85 Combination Terms One condition is more specific than the other Reported Arrhythmia due to atrial fibrillation LLT Selected Atrial fibrillation A MedDRA combination term is available Reported Retinopathy due to diabetes LLT Selected Diabetic retinopathy MSSO-DI

86 Combination Terms (cont) If splitting provides more clinical information, select more than one term In all cases of combination terms, apply ppy medical judgment Reported Diarrhea and vomiting Wrist fracture due to fall LLT Selected Diarrhea Vomiting Wrist fracture Fall MSSO-DI

87 What Terms to Select? Retinal ldisease from HIV with near total blindness (R and L) Retinal damage? Retinal disorder? HIV disease? Blindness? HIV retinopathy? Blindness both eyes? MSSO-DI

88 Investigations Medical condition vs. investigation result Reported LLT Selected Comment Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia LLT Hypoglycemia y links to SOC Metabolism and nutrition disorders Decreased glucose Glucose decreased LLT Glucose decreased links to SOC Investigations MSSO-DI

89 Investigations (cont) Unambiguous investigation result Reported LLT Selected Comment Glucose 40 mg/dl Glucose low Ambiguous investigation result Glucose is clearly below the reference range Reported LLT Selected Comment His glucose was 40 Glucose abnormal No units have been reported. Select LLT Glucose abnormal if clarification cannot be obtained. MSSO-DI

90 Investigations (cont) Investigation results consistent with diagnosis Reported LLT Selected Comment Elevated potassium, K 7.0 mmol/l, and hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia Grouped investigation result terms It is not necessary to select LLT Potassium increased Reported LLT Selected Comment Increased alkaline phosphatase, increased SGPT, increased SGOT and elevated LDH Alkaline phosphatase increased SGPT increased SGOT increased LDH increased Select four individual terms. A single term such as LLT Liver function tests abnormal should not be selected. MSSO-DI

91 What Terms to Select? Testing showed increased serum creatinine and BUN, with increased BUN/creatinine ratio Increased serum creatinine? BUN increased? Blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio increased? Renal function tests NOS abnormal? CSF was positive for Candida spp. Candidal meningitis? Candida test positive? MSSO-DI

92 Medication Errors See Appendix B of MedDRA Introductory Guide for Concept Descriptions Top-down navigation in HLGT Medication errors is best approach for term selection Medication error with clinical consequences Reported Patient was administered wrong drug and experienced hypotension Because of similar sounding drug names, the patient took the wrong drug and experienced a rash LLT Selected Wrong drug administered Hypotension Drug name confusion Wrong drug administered Rash MSSO-DI

93 Medication Errors (cont) Important to record occurrence or potential occurrence of medication error Medication error without clinical consequences Reported LLT Selected Comment Medication was given Intramuscular If specifically reported formulation that there is no adverse intravenously instead of administered by other effect, acceptable to intramuscularly without route select LLT No adverse sequelae No adverse effect effect Pharmacist notices that t the names of two drugs are similar and is concerned that this may result in a medication error Circumstance or information capable of leading to medication error LLT Drug name confusion could be an optional additional term to select. Note: this example is a potential medication error. MSSO-DI

94 Overdose, Toxicity and Poisoning If overdose,,poisoning or toxicity is explicitly reported, select the appropriate term Overdose with clinical consequences Reported Stomach upset from study drug overdose LLT Selected Stomach upset Overdose Overdose without clinical consequences Reported LLT Selected Comment Patient received an overdose of medicine without any adverse consequences Overdose No adverse effect LLT No adverse effect can also be selected MSSO-DI

95 What Term to Select? Doctor prescribed the wrong drug. The pharmacist noticed the error before giving the drug to the patient. Wrong drug administered? i d? Drug prescribing error? Intercepted drug prescribing error? Unintentionally took more than maximum recommended dose due to dispensing error Accidental overdose? Incorrect dose administered? Drug dispensing error? MSSO-DI

96 Medication Errors Reported to EudraVigilance (EV) Examined selected medication error terms from MedDRA (Overdose terms excluded) Grouped medication error terms related to medicines by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system Retrieved individual cases reported to EV in postauthorisation phase (includes non-serious adverse reactions reported periodically for centrally authorised products (CAPs) in accordance with previous Volume 9A) MSSO-DI Acknowledgement: Dr. Sabine Brosch, EMA 96

97 Medication Error Cases in EudraVigilance Proportion of medication error reports ~ double from outside EEA MSSO-DI Acknowledgement: Dr. Sabine Brosch, EMA 97

98 Medication Errors by ATC Class * Examples: Medication errors associated with ATC Group Nervous System refer mainly to treatment non-compliance with antipsychotics ** Incorrect dosing *** Problems injecting immunosuppressant leading to incomplete dosing (No ADR) MSSO-DI Acknowledgement: Dr. Sabine Brosch, EMA 98

99 Medication Errors Associated with Serious ADRs % used as some products fall into more than one category MSSO-DI Acknowledgement: Dr. Sabine Brosch, EMA 99

100 Medication Errors by EMA Internal Groupings MSSO-DI Acknowledgement: Dr. Sabine Brosch, EMA 100

101 Misuse, Abuse and Addiction New MTS:PTC Section MSSO-DI

102 Coding Exercises Narratives and short verbatims Assess the reported terms Identify what concepts are reported (diagnosis, death, investigations, etc.) Refer to the appropriate sections of the MTS:PTC for guidance on term selection For example, Section 3.2 for death terms Use MTS:PTC preferred options (forget your organization s conventions) Use browser to search for and select LLTs (also record PT and primary SOC) MSSO-DI

103 Specific Tips for Narrative Exercises Overall, coding principles are the same as for short verbatim exercises Code all of the following: Events (including procedures and investigations as needed) Indications Medical history Social history MSSO-DI

104 Sample Narrative A 75-year-old male receiving Drug X for rheumatoid arthritis developed an area of darkened skin on his chest. The patient s medical history is significant for peripheral vascular disease and cigarette smoking. The skin lesion was excised; it was revealed to be a seborrhoeic wart. MSSO-DI

105 Course Summary In this course, we covered: A review of MedDRA s scope and structure, including primary SOC allocation rules Coding conventions, synonym lists, and coding QA Introduction to the MedDRA Term Selection: Points to Consider document Coding exercises MSSO-DI

106 Web site MSSO Contacts Telephone International AT&T Toll Free: Direct Dial (USA): Fax (USA) MSSO-DI