Meeting Topics. Promote physical activity and youth sport safety by providing education on the latest youth sport safety information:

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Lynette Cannon
5 years ago
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2 Dear Parent, On behalf of the National Football League and American Heart Association, I welcome you to the Back to Sports meeting. I want to thank Westgate/Westside Athletic Association for helping distribute this information. I work at Athletes Training Center ( and have many years experience as an athletic trainer at the collegiate and high school levels. Currently, I see increasing numbers of young athletes who experience overuse injuries, which are preventable. I am also the President of the Nebraska State Athletic Trainers Association ( and am passionate about youth athlete safety. I appreciate your time and letting me share some great information with you about concussion, heat injury, cardiac issues, and preventing overuse injuries. You are always welcome to contact me at dkleber@athletestrainingcenter.com if I can answer questions for you. Thanks,

information: o Concussion o Heat related illnesses and

3 Meeting Topics Promote physical activity and youth sport safety by providing education on the latest youth sport safety information: o Concussion o Heat related illnesses and hydration o Cardiac arrest and proper response o Pediatric overuse injuries

4 Objectives 1. Identify at least 2 3 signs and symptoms of 4 different youth sports safety issues, including who is at risk. 2. Apply 3 strategies immediately that help keep kids safe and having fun while they play the sports they love. 3. Access at least 1 resource to turn to for reliable sports safety information.

Youth Sports Safety Myth Busters True or False 1. Helmets prevent concussions. 2. If your child didn t lose consciousness, he/she doesn t have a concussion. 3.

5 Youth Sports Safety Myth Busters True or False 1. Helmets prevent concussions. 2. If your child didn t lose consciousness, he/she doesn t have a concussion. 3. Heat related illnesses like heat cramps, heat exhaustion or exertional heatstroke are not preventable. 4. Most Americans will act to help a victim in cardiac arrest. 5. Youth athletes are likely to tell an adult (parent and/or coach) about pain or possible injury.

6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Concussions

7 What is a concussion? Animation of a Concussion Video A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury or TBI caused by a direct bump, blow, or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move quickly back and forth. The rapid head motion causes the brain to move inside the skull, creating chemical changes and sometimes stretching and damaging the brain cells.

8 Who is at risk? Young children and teens are more likely to get a concussion. 1 Sports related concussions seen in the ER: o years old 47% o years old 29% o 8 11 years old 19% o 7 years old or younger 5% Concussions can happen in any sport or recreational activity. Sports where contact with another athlete is common have an increased risk. 1 U.S. Conswww.cpsc.gov/cgibin/NEISSQuery/home.aspxumer Product Safety Commission. National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) Estimates Query Builder. Available at Accessed June 24, 2014

9 Concussion signs & symptoms Signs Observed by Parents Appears dazed or stunned Is confused about assignment or position Forgets an instruction Is unsure of game, score, or opponent Moves clumsily Answers questions slowly Loses consciousness (even briefly) Shows mood, behavior, or personality changes Symptoms Reported by Athletes Headache or pressure in head Nausea or vomiting Balance problems or dizziness Double or blurry vision Sensitivity to light Sensitivity to noise Felling sluggish, hazy, foggy, or groggy Concentration or memory problems Confusion Just not feeling right or feeling down

10 What should you do if you suspect a concussion? Remove the athlete from play. When in doubt, sit them out! Keep an athlete with a possible concussion out of play for the remainder of the day of the injury and until cleared by a health care provider. Watch your athlete for signs and symptoms that may show up or get worse once the athlete is at home or returns to school. Let the brain rest until cleared by a health care provider to prevent serious injury from secondary impact syndrome.

When can a child who experienced a concussion return to the classroom? For most students, only short term changes or support services are needed as they recover from a concussion.

11 When can a child who experienced a concussion return to the classroom? For most students, only short term changes or support services are needed as they recover from a concussion. A variety of formal support services may be available to help students who are experiencing a longer or more difficult recovery. Support services may include: o Response to Intervention Protocol (RTI) o 504 Plan o Individualized Education Plan (IEP)

12 When can a child return to play? Returning to activity should follow a step wise progression after an athlete has been cleared by a health care provider. Baseline Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 No Symptoms Light aerobic activity Moderate activity Heavy, non contact activity Practice and full contact Competition

13 How to help keep athletes safe Talk with athletes about the importance of reporting a concussion and following return to play guidelines. o Coming back too early can be dangerous, lead to a longer recovery and a delay in return to play. Create a culture of safety, including proper equipment fit. Keep up to date on concussion information. o Review state, league or organizational concussion guidelines. o Go to CDC for HEADS UP Concussion information

14 Heat Illnesses & Dehydration

15 Who is at risk? All youth athletes are at risk. Some factors that may increase risk include: Intrinsic Factors Unique to the individual Lower fitness level Lack of sleep Illness Taking certain medications (antihistamines, diuretics, antihypertensives) Overweight or obese Not used to the heat Extrinsic Factors Outside athletes control Intense or prolonged exercise without enough breaks High temperature and/or high humidity Heavy or heat retaining equipment Heat retaining clothing Direct sun exposure Not enough fluids or breaks

16 Heat related illnesses signs & symptoms Heat Syncope Fainting or lightheadedness episode Heat Cramps Heat Exhaustion Exertional Heat Stroke Involuntary muscle contraction, large electrolyte loss, sweating, fatigue Inability to continue to exercise in the heat, weakness, headaches, heavy sweating, clammy skin, dizziness or fainting, rapid pulse, heat cramps, fast and shallow breathing, nausea, vomiting Rectal temperature above 104 degrees, Central nervous system dysfunction Confusion, disorientation, combative behavior, unconsciousness, collapse, weakness

17 What should you do if you suspect a heat related illness? Heat Syncope Heat Cramps Heat Exhaustion Exertional Heat Stroke Move to cool or shaded area, sit or lie the athlete down as soon as they begin to feel symptoms, elevate legs to promote blood returning to heart, rehydrate with water or sports beverage. Monitor vital signs. Remove from play, consume salty foods/beverages, light stretching (if tolerable) Remove from play to cool or shaded area, rehydrate, douse with cold water or rotate cold, wet ice towels over the body, elevate legs to promote blood return, monitor closely MEDICAL EMERGENCY call Cold water immersion COOL FIRST, TRANSPORT SECOND

18 What is dehydration? Dehydration occurs when a person does not replace body fluids lost from sweating. Dehydration causes a person to become hotter and have a higher heart rate, putting them at greater risk for heat illnesses. Minimizing dehydration to less than 2 3% of a person's body weight will help to optimize health and performance

19 Dehydration signs & symptoms Signs and Symptoms of Dehydration Thirst Dry mouth Being irritable or cranky Headache Dizziness Heart palpitations Lightheadedness (especially when standing) Weakness Decreased urine output Dark urine color Nausea and vomiting Exercise session weight loss > 2%

20 How can hydration be monitored? Body Weight changes Pre practice to post practice o Most weight lost during activity is because of water loss. o For every pound of body weight lost, an athlete should drink 16 ounces of fluid. That is about one bottle of drink per pound weight lost. Urine color check o Check before and after practice. o Urine that is light or like lemonade indicates proper hydration. Urine color that is dark like apple juice would indicate dehydration o Encourage your athlete to maintain a urine color that looks like lemonade It s best to try to rehydrate within 2 hours post exercise.

21 Role of sports drinks Sports drinks are sometimes used to replace electrolytes and provide energy for people who: o Are doing intense activities that lasts 60 minutes or more. o Practice more than once a day, particularly in hot, humid conditions. o Sweat a lot, particularly individuals wearing a lot of equipment. In short session practices, there is no added benefit of drinking sports drinks when compared to plain water.

How to prevent heat related illnesses and dehydration Heat acclimatization Proper hydration before, during and after activity Take regular breaks throughout exercise sessions Make practice

22 How to prevent heat related illnesses and dehydration Heat acclimatization Proper hydration before, during and after activity Take regular breaks throughout exercise sessions Make practice adjustments to account for the weather conditions Dress for the heat Have your athlete observe the color of their urine Your athlete should never be denied, limited or discouraged from drinking water

23 Cardiac Arrest

24 Cardiac Arrest Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart unexpectedly stops beating. o It s triggered by an electrical malfunction in the heart that causes an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) and prevents the heart from pumping blood to the brain, lungs and vital organs. Death occurs within minutes if the victim does not receive treatment. It is not a heart attack. o A heart attack is caused by one or more blockages in the heart s blood vessels, preventing proper flow and heart muscle dies. A victim has the best chance of survival if CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and an AED (automated external defibrillator) are used immediately.

25 Who is at risk? Cardiac arrest can impact anyone at any age or any time. o There is no evidence that cardiac arrest is more common in athletes than in the general population of young people (ages 12 25). In 2013 the CDC estimates that in the United States approximately 1,300 patients younger than 25 died of sudden cardiac arrest. o The incidence of cardiac arrest in athletes is unknown. Sudden cardiac arrest in student athletes has an over 50% survival rate when prompt recognition and proper response (CPR and/or early defibrillation with AED) is followed. 1 1American Heart Association 2015 Statistical Update

26 Cardiac arrest signs & symptoms Many young cardiac arrest victims have no symptoms until the cardiac arrest. Signs and Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest Unresponsive Gasping or not breathing No pulse

What should I do if I suspect cardiac arrest? Call 9 1 1 and provide CPR and use an AED if one is available.

27 What should I do if I suspect cardiac arrest? Call and provide CPR and use an AED if one is available. Survival depends on immediately getting CPR from someone nearby and if needed, a shock from an AED. CPR, along with defibrillation from an AED, can double or triple a cardiac arrest victim s chance of survival.

28 Child CPR with breaths Child CPR with Breaths Video Child CPR with Breaths o The Child CPR with Breaths technique should only be performed on children who have not gone through puberty. o Determine if Child CPR with breaths should be given: 1. Tap child and shout are you okay? are you okay? 2. Get help Hey you call 911 and get the AED now! 3. Check child breathing (not breathing or only gasping) then start CPR.

29 Child CPR with breaths steps 1. Position child next to you. 2. Place heel of hand in center of chest. 3. Push hard and fast about 2 deep. Give 30 compressions at a rate of compressions per minute. 4. Give 2 breaths. 5. Repeat compressions and breaths for 5 cycles or until help arrives. 6. If no one has called or retrieved the AED, then stop and call and get the AED yourself.

30 Hands only CPR Hands Only CPR Heckling Fan Video Hands Only CPR is CPR without mouth to mouth breaths. It is recommended for use by people who see a teen or adult suddenly collapse and is two easy steps: 1. Call or send someone to do it. 2. Push hard and fast in the center of the chest to the beat of disco song Staying Alive until help arrives.

Automated External Defibrillator Automated External Defibrillator (AEDs) are most effective when used within the first 3 5 minutes. Call 9 1 1 first. Start CPR.

31 Automated External Defibrillator Automated External Defibrillator (AEDs) are most effective when used within the first 3 5 minutes. Call first. Start CPR. If an AED is available have someone bring you an AED. 1. Turn machine on. 2. Place pads on bare chest at the locations shown on the pads. o Adult pads, child pads if no options for child (key, switch or pads) use adults pads. 3. Follow prompts from the AED that you see and hear.

32 How to prepare for cardiac arrest? Support education programs for effective bystander CPR and appropriate AED use. Ensure emergency plans are in place at your school or youth league. Complete pre participation physical examination prior to sport participation. Get CPR trained and ensure coaches and staff are trained. Learn more at

33 CPR Practice

34 Prevention of Pediatric Overuse Injuries

$fracture Tennis$ elbow, runner s

35 Types of pediatric injuries Acute Overuse Cause Result of a single, traumatic event Result of micro trauma to tendons, bones and joints Examples Sprain, shoulder dislocation, wrist fracture Tennis elbow, runner s knee, shin splints, swimmers shoulder, youth pitching elbow, jumpers knee

36 Who is at risk? Overuse or repetitive trauma injuries account for approximately half of all youth (ages 6 18) sport related injuries and it is thought more than half of all reported overuse injuries may be preventable. NATA Position Statement: Prevention of Pediatric Overuse Injuries (2011) Potential Causes or Risk Factors: Training errors Improper technique Excessive sport training Inadequate rest Muscle weakness and imbalance Early specialization Equipment failure Poorer fitness levels

37 Overuse injuries signs & symptoms Signs and Symptoms Decreased performance Gradual onset of pain Pain presenting as an ache No history of direct injury Fatigue, stiffness or aching during or after training or competition Point of tenderness Visible swelling Missed training sessions as a result of pain

38 What can be done to treat overuse injuries? Early identification and proper treatment are keys to a successful recovery. To diagnose an overuse injury, it is best to do a thorough history and physical examination through a sport medicine specialist with specific interest and knowledge of your athlete s sport or activity. Additional tests, such as X rays and MRI s, may be needed. The sports medicine specialist will make a recommendation based on their evaluation.

Ways to help prevent overuse injuries Complete a Pre participation Physical Examination. Proper preparation at least 2 months in advance of season.

39 Ways to help prevent overuse injuries Complete a Pre participation Physical Examination. Proper preparation at least 2 months in advance of season. Proper instruction and training techniques. Proper skill and training progression is followed. Not too much to fast! Participate in multiple sports and recreational activities to enhance general fitness and aid in motor development.

Ways to help prevent overuse injuries continued Recognize and limit repetitive sports activity. Engage in proper warm up and cool down activities. Wear proper fitting equipment.

40 Ways to help prevent overuse injuries continued Recognize and limit repetitive sports activity. Engage in proper warm up and cool down activities. Wear proper fitting equipment. Check equipment weekly. Build in rest and proper breaks. Participate in proper strength training and conditioning activities. Educate athletes on the signs and symptoms of overuse injuries. Encourage them to tell an adult when symptoms occur.

41 Keeping Sports Fun and Safe Year Round 89% of parents believe that their child benefits from participation in sports (e.g., improved physical and mental health, school/career goals, etc.) NPR, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and Harvard T.H. School of Public Health (June 2015).

42 Keeping Youth Sports Fun The number 1 reason kids drop our of sports is because it s no longer fun. Here are the top 5 things kids say they enjoy about sports: 1. Being a good sport 2. Trying hard 3. Positive coaching 4. Learning and improving 5. Game time support

Keep the game in perspective. Don t define success by the outcome.

43 What can you do to keep sports fun? Show good sportsmanship. Provide positive feedback. Focus on individual improvement. Keep the game in perspective. Don t define success by the outcome. Play at the appropriate age and skill level. Explore different types of sports. Set goals with your child.

44 Take the pledge at I pledge to help keep youth sport participation safe and fun for all by: Striving to be knowledgeable of the rules and fundamentals of the game Increasing awareness for sport related issues and proper responses Learning CPR and becoming aware of where the closest AED is located Promoting proper hydration and nutrition Ensuring proper equipment fit by checking equipment every week Checking coaches backgrounds on sport specific knowledge and sport safety training Modeling sportsmanship to all players, coaches, and officials Displaying unconditional support regardless of the outcome of the game Let s keep sports fun and safe for all kids!

45 Let s see what you have learned!

46 Questions?

47 Resources National Football League nflevolution.com American Heart Association heart.org Centers for Disease Control cdc.gov/headsup Korey Stinger Institute ksi.uconn.edu National Athletic Trainers' Association nata.org/public

It s better to miss one game than the whole season. What should I do if I think I have a concussion? Concussion facts:

It s better to miss one game than the whole season. What should I do if I think I have a concussion? Concussion facts: Concussion facts: A concussion is a brain injury that affects how your brain works. A concussion is caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body. A concussion can happen even if you haven t been