Trials listed by the acronym. HSCSG: Hypertension-Stroke Cooperative Study Group, 1 VACSG: Veterans Administration

Transcription

1 Trials listed by the acronym HSCSG: Hypertension-Stroke Cooperative Study Group, 1 VACSG: Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group, 2 CCSG: Canadian Cooperative Study Group, 3 AITIA: Aspirin in Transient Ischemic Attacks, 4 AICLA: Accidents, Ischemiques Cerebraux Lies a l'atherosclerose, 5 ATIAIS: Anturane TIA Italian Study, 6 DCS: Danish Cooperative Study, 7 ACCSG: American- Canadian Co-Operative Study Group, 8 SCS: Swedish Cooperative Study, 9 ESPS: European Stroke Prevention Study, 10 UK-TIA: United Kingdom TIA aspirin trial, 11 TASS: Ticlopidine Aspirin Stroke Study, 12 CATS: Canadian American Ticlopidine Study, 13 SALT: Swedish Aspirin Low-Dose Trial, 14 Dutch-TIA: Dutch TIA Trial Study, 15, 16 TEST: Tenormin after Stroke and TIA, 17 TISS: Ticlopidine Indobufen Stroke Study, 18 ESPS II: European Stroke Prevention Study 2, 19 PATS: Post-stroke Antihypertensive Treatment Study, 20 CARE: Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial, 21 LIPID: Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease, 22 CAPRIE: Clopidogrel vs. Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events, 23 CSPS: Cilostazol stroke prevention study, 24 TOPALS: Tokai Panaldine Aspirin Long-Term Study, 25 SPIRIT: Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischemia Trial, 26 HOPE-R: Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study-Ramipril trial, 27 WEST: Women's Estrogen for Stroke Trial, 28 WARSS: Warfarin-Aspirin Recurrent Stroke Study, 29 HPS: Heart Protection Study-Simvastatin trial, 30 PROGRESS: Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study, 31 LIFE: Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study, 32 AAASPS: African American Antiplatelet Stroke

2 Prevention Study, 33 TACIP: Triflusal vs. Acetylsalicylic Acid in Secondary Prevention of Cerebral Infarction, 34 TAPIRSS: Triflusal vs. Aspirin for the Prevention of Infarction, Randomized Stroke Study, 35 VISP: Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention, 36 ESPRIT: European / Australasian Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischaemia Trial, 37 MOSES: Morbidity and Mortality After Stroke - Eprosartan vs. Nitrendipine for Secondary Prevention, 38 TNT: Treating New Target study, 39 SPARCL: Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels, 40 BRAVO: Blockage of the Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor to Avoid Vascular Occlusion, 41 HOPE-2: The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation 2, 42 MATCH: Management of ATherothrombosis with Clopidogrel in High-risk patients, 43 S-ACCESS: Sarpogrelate Used as Preventive Therapy Against Recurrent Ischemic Events, 44 CHARISMA: Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management and Avoidance, 45 PROFESS-DP: Prevention Regimen For Effectively avoiding Second Strokes-Dipyridamole trial, 46 PROFESS-T: Prevention Regimen For Effectively avoiding Second Strokes-Telmisartan trial, 47 CASISP: Cilostazol versus Aspirin for Secondary Ischaemic Stroke Prevention. 48 Trials listed by the first author Acheson, 49, 50 Carter, 51 Garde, 52 Gent, 53 Boysen, 54 Forconia, 55 Marti, 56 Lee, 57 Steiner, 58 Grotemeyer 59

3 References of trials listed 1. Effect of antihypertensive treatment on stroke recurrence. Hypertension-Stroke Cooperative Study Group. JAMA. 1974;229: THE VETERANS ADMINISTRATION COOPERATIVE STUDY GROUP. The Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease With Clofibrate: Final Report of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of Atherosclerosis, Neurology Section. Stroke. 1973;4: A randomized trial of aspirin and sulfinpyrazone in threatened stroke. The Canadian Cooperative Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1978;299: Fields WS, Lemak NA, Frankowski RF, Hardy RJ. Controlled trial of aspirin in cerebral ischemia. Stroke. 1977;8: Bousser MG, Eschwege E, Haguenau M, Lefaucconnier JM, Thibult N, Touboul D, Touboul PJ. "AICLA" controlled trial of aspirin and dipyridamole in the secondary prevention of athero-thrombotic cerebral ischemia. Stroke. 1983;14: Candelise L, Landi G, Perrone P, Bracchi M, Brambilla G. A randomized trial of aspirin and sulfinpyrazone in patients with TIA. Stroke. 1982;13: Sorensen P, Pedersen H, Marquardsen J, Petersson H, Heltberg A, Simonsen N, Munck O, Andersen L. Acetylsalicylic acid in the prevention of stroke in patients with reversible cerebral ischemic attacks. A Danish cooperative study. Stroke. 1983;14: Persantine Aspirin Trial in cerebral ischemia. Part II: Endpoint results. The American-

4 Canadian Co-Operative Study group. Stroke. 1985;16: High-dose acetylsalicylic acid after cerebral infarction. A Swedish Cooperative Study. Stroke. 1987;18: The European Stroke Prevention Study (ESPS). Principal end-points. The ESPS Group. Lancet. 1987;2: Farrell B, Godwin J, Richards S, Warlow C. The United Kingdom transient ischaemic attack (UK-TIA) aspirin trial: final results. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1991;54: Hass WK, Easton JD, Adams HP, Jr., Pryse-Phillips W, Molony BA, Anderson S, Kamm B. A randomized trial comparing ticlopidine hydrochloride with aspirin for the prevention of stroke in high-risk patients. Ticlopidine Aspirin Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1989;321: Gent M, Blakely JA, Easton JD, Ellis DJ, Hachinski VC, Harbison JW, Panak E, Roberts RS, Sicurella J, Turpie AG. The Canadian American Ticlopidine Study (CATS) in thromboembolic stroke. Lancet. 1989;1: Swedish Aspirin Low-Dose Trial (SALT) of 75 mg aspirin as secondary prophylaxis after cerebrovascular ischaemic events. The SALT Collaborative Group. Lancet. 1991;338: A comparison of two doses of aspirin (30 mg vs. 283 mg a day) in patients after a transient

5 ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke. The Dutch TIA Trial Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1991;325: Trial of secondary prevention with atenolol after transient ischemic attack or nondisabling ischemic stroke. The Dutch TIA Trial Study Group. Stroke. 1993;24: Eriksson S, Olofsson B, Wester P. Atenolol in Secondary Prevention after Stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 1995;5: Bergamasco B, Benna P, Carolei A, Rasura M, Rudelli G, Fieschi C. A randomized trial comparing ticlopidine hydrochloride with indobufen for the prevention of stroke in high-risk patients (TISS Study). Ticlopidine Indobufen Stroke Study. Funct Neurol. 1997;12: Diener HC, Cunha L, Forbes C, Sivenius J, Smets P, Lowenthal A. European Stroke Prevention Study. 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke. J Neurol Sci. 1996;143: Post-stroke antihypertensive treatment study. A preliminary result. PATS Collaborating Group. Chin Med J (Engl). 1995;108: Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, Rouleau JL, Rutherford JD, Cole TG, Brown L, Warnica JW, Arnold JM, Wun CC, Davis BR, Braunwald E. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators. N Engl J Med. 1996;335: Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary

6 heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1998;339: A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet. 1996;348: Gotoh F, Tohgi H, Hirai S, Terashi A, Fukuuchi Y, Otomo E, Shinohara Y, Itoh E, Masuda T, Sawada T, Yamaguchi T, Nishimaru K, Ohashi Y. Cilostazol stroke prevention study: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial for secondary prevention of cerebral infarction. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2000;9: Ito E, Takahashi A, Yamamoto H, Kuzuhara S, Uchiyama S, Nakajima M. Ticlopidine alone versus ticlopidine plus aspirin for preventing recurrent stroke. Intern Med. 2003;42: A randomized trial of anticoagulants versus aspirin after cerebral ischemia of presumed arterial origin. The Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischemia Trial (SPIRIT) Study Group. Ann Neurol. 1997;42: Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G. Effects of an angiotensinconverting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:

7 28. Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Kernan WN, Sarrel PM, Suissa S, Horwitz RI. A Clinical Trial of Estrogen-Replacement Therapy after Ischemic Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2001;345: Mohr JP, Thompson JL, Lazar RM, Levin B, Sacco RL, Furie KL, Kistler JP, Albers GW, Pettigrew LC, Adams HP, Jr., Jackson CM, Pullicino P. A comparison of warfarin and aspirin for the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2001;345: MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 highrisk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360: Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet. 2001;358: Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Beevers G, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Ibsen H, Kristiansson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel H. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002;359: Gorelick PB, Richardson D, Kelly M, Ruland S, Hung E, Harris Y, Kittner S, Leurgans S. Aspirin and ticlopidine for prevention of recurrent stroke in black patients: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;289:

8 34. Matias-Guiu J, Ferro JM, Alvarez-Sabin J, Torres F, Jimenez MD, Lago A, Melo T. Comparison of triflusal and aspirin for prevention of vascular events in patients after cerebral infarction: the TACIP Study: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial. Stroke. 2003;34: Culebras A, Rotta-Escalante R, Vila J, Dominguez R, Abiusi G, Famulari A, Rey R, Bauso- Tosselli L, Gori H, Ferrari J, Reich E. Triflusal vs aspirin for prevention of cerebral infarction: a randomized stroke study. Neurology. 2004;62: Toole JF, Malinow MR, Chambless LE, Spence JD, Pettigrew LC, Howard VJ, Sides EG, Wang CH, Stampfer M. Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death: the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291: Halkes PH, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ, Koudstaal PJ, Algra A. Aspirin plus dipyridamole versus aspirin alone after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;367: Schrader J, Luders S, Kulschewski A, Hammersen F, Plate K, Berger J, Zidek W, Dominiak P, Diener HC. Morbidity and Mortality After Stroke, Eprosartan Compared with Nitrendipine for Secondary Prevention: principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES). Stroke. 2005;36: LaRosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, Shear C, Barter P, Fruchart J-C, Gotto AM, Greten H,

9 Kastelein JJP, Shepherd J, Wenger NK, the Treating to New Targets Investigators. Intensive Lipid Lowering with Atorvastatin in Patients with Stable Coronary Disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352: Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A, 3rd, Goldstein LB, Hennerici M, Rudolph AE, Sillesen H, Simunovic L, Szarek M, Welch KM, Zivin JA. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med. 2006;355: Topol EJ, Easton D, Harrington RA, Amarenco P, Califf RM, Graffagnino C, Davis S, Diener HC, Ferguson J, Fitzgerald D, Granett J, Shuaib A, Koudstaal PJ, Theroux P, Van de Werf F, Sigmon K, Pieper K, Vallee M, Willerson JT. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international trial of the oral IIb/IIIa antagonist lotrafiban in coronary and cerebrovascular disease. Circulation. 2003;108: The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation 2 Investigators. Homocysteine Lowering with Folic Acid and B Vitamins in Vascular Disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;354: Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM, Cimminiello C, Csiba L, Kaste M, Leys D, Matias- Guiu J, Rupprecht HJ. Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;364: Shinohara Y, Nishimaru K, Sawada T, Terashi A, Handa S, Hirai S, Hayashi K, Tohgi H, Fukuuchi Y, Uchiyama S, Yamaguchi T, Kobayashi S, Kondo K, Otomo E, Gotoh F.

10 Sarpogrelate-Aspirin Comparative Clinical Study for Efficacy and Safety in Secondary Prevention of Cerebral Infarction (S-ACCESS): A randomized, double-blind, aspirincontrolled trial. Stroke. 2008;39: Bhatt DL, Fox KAA, Hacke W, Berger PB, Black HR, Boden WE, Cacoub P, Cohen EA, Creager MA, Easton JD, Flather MD, Haffner SM, Hamm CW, Hankey GJ, Johnston SC, Mak K-H, Mas J-L, Montalescot G, Pearson TA, Steg PG, Steinhubl SR, Weber MA, Brennan DM, Fabry-Ribaudo L, Booth J, Topol EJ, the CHARISMA Investigators. Clopidogrel and Aspirin versus Aspirin Alone for the Prevention of Atherothrombotic Events. N Engl J Med. 2006;354: Sacco RL, Diener HC, Yusuf S, Cotton D, Ounpuu S, Lawton WA, Palesch Y, Martin RH, Albers GW, Bath P, Bornstein N, Chan BP, Chen ST, Cunha L, Dahlof B, De Keyser J, Donnan GA, Estol C, Gorelick P, Gu V, Hermansson K, Hilbrich L, Kaste M, Lu C, Machnig T, Pais P, Roberts R, Skvortsova V, Teal P, Toni D, Vandermaelen C, Voigt T, Weber M, Yoon BW. Aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel for recurrent stroke. N Engl J Med. 2008;359: Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL, Cotton D, Ounpuu S, Lawton WA, Palesch Y, Martin RH, Albers GW, Bath P, Bornstein N, Chan BP, Chen ST, Cunha L, Dahlof B, De Keyser J, Donnan GA, Estol C, Gorelick P, Gu V, Hermansson K, Hilbrich L, Kaste M, Lu C, Machnig T, Pais P, Roberts R, Skvortsova V, Teal P, Toni D, VanderMaelen C, Voigt T, Weber M,

11 Yoon BW. Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2008;359: Huang Y, Cheng Y, Wu J, Li Y, Xu E, Hong Z, Li Z, Zhang W, Ding M, Gao X, Fan D, Zeng J, Wong K, Lu C, Xiao J, Yao C. Cilostazol as an alternative to aspirin after ischaemic stroke: a randomised, double-blind, pilot study. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7: Acheson J, Danta G, Hutchinson EC. Controlled trial of dipyridamole in cerebral vascular disease. Br Med J. 1969;1: Acheson J, Hutchinson EC. Controlled trial of clofibrate in cerebral vascular disease. Atherosclerosis. 1972;15: Carter AB. Hypotensive therapy in stroke survivors. Lancet. 1970;1: Garde A, Samuelsson K, Fahlgren H, Hedberg E, Hjerne L, Ostman J. Treatment after transient ischemic attacks: a comparison between anticoagulant drug and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Stroke. 1983;14: Gent M, Blakely J, Hachinski V, Roberts R, Barnett H, Bayer N, Carruthers S, Collins S, Gawel M, Giroux-Klimek M. A secondary prevention, randomized trial of suloctidil in patients with a recent history of thromboembolic stroke. Stroke. 1985;16: Boysen G, Sorensen P, Juhler M, Andersen A, Boas J, Olsen J, Joensen P. Danish verylow-dose aspirin after carotid endarterectomy trial. Stroke. 1988;19: Forconia S, Battistinib N, Guerrinia M, Passerob S. A Randomized, ASA-Controlled Trial of

12 Mesoglycan in Secondary Prevention after Cerebral Ischemic Events. Cerebrovasc Dis. 1995;5: Marti Masso JF, Lozano R. Nicardipine in the prevention of cerebral infarction. Clin Ther. 1990;12: Lee T-K, Chan K-WA, Huang Z-S, Ng S-K, Lin R-T, Po HL, Yuan R-Y, Lai M-L, Chang T-W, Yan S-H, Deng J-C, Liu L-H, Lee K-Y, Lie S-K, Sung S-M, Hu H-H. Effectiveness of Low- Dose ASA in Prevention of Secondary Ischemic Stroke, The ASA Study Group in Taiwan. Thrombosis Research. 1997;87: Steiner M, Glantz M, Lekos A. Vitamin E plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone in patients with transient ischemic attacks. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62:1381S-1384S. 59. Grotemeyer KH, Evers S, Fischer M, Husstedt IW. Piracetam versus acetylsalicylic acid in secondary stroke prophylaxis. A double-blind, randomized, parallel group, 2 year follow-up study. J Neurol Sci. 2000;181:65-72.