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Penelope Osborne
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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Acidosis, electrolyte disturbances and, 641 Acute coronary syndrome, antiplatelet therapy for, 565 adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonists, 566 aspirin, 565 clopidrogel hyporesponsiveness and, clopidrogel-omneprazole controversy, atherosclerosis and, as process, 547 definition and presentation of, 548 cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors for dyslipidemia, 568 core measure indicators and, coronary angiopgraphy in, femoral access percutaneous transradial artery approach for, implications for nursing, risk factor modification in, management of, cardiac biomarkers in, ECG in, 550 in STEMI, in unstable anginal/nstemi, new and evolving therapies for, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for, acute vessel closure and, 560 restenosis and, 560 secondary prevention, lifestyle modification, 555 medications on discharge, patient and family education, 555 signs and symptoms of, NSTEMI, patients without chest pain, STEMI, unstable angina, 550 stents for, bare metal, 560 bioabsorbable polymer, 560 biodegradable, 563 drug-eluting, endothelialization and, 561 polymer-free, stent thrombosis from, Acute ischemic stroke. See also Stroke comprehensive care of, Crit Care Nurs Clin N Am 23 (2011) doi: /s (11) ccnursing.theclinics.com /11/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2 688 Index Acute ischemic stroke care, anticoagulation in, 671 blood glucose control in, 668 interventions in, mechanical embolectomy, 672 thrombolytic therapy, 672 nursing care in, pre-hospital, primary stroke centers, certified, 672 criteria for certification, 665 temperature management in, 671 thrombolytic therapy in, intra-arterial infusion of, 672 IV administration of, 668 Acute ishemic stroke. See also Stroke Acute renal failure (ACF), after heart valve surgery, 599 Ambrisentan, for pulmonary arterial hypertension, 654 Angina, signs and symptoms associated with, 549 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE), for unstable angina/nstemi, 553 Anticoagulation, for NSTEMI and unstable angina, 553 for pulmonary arterial hypertension, 653 for pulmonary thrombosis, low-molecular weight heparin, 625 tinzaparin, factor X inhibitor, 625 unfractionated heparin, 625 Antiplatelet therapy, for acute coronary sydrome, Aortic regurgitation, 590 surgical intervention for, 593 Aortic stenosis, surgical intervention for, symptoms of, 590 Aortic stenosis, cause of, 589 Aspirin, for acute coronary syndrome symptoms, 552 Atrial fibrillation, after heart surgery, 598 B Beta blockade, for unstable angina/nstemi, 553 Bleeding after heart valve surgery, 598 Bosentan, for pulmonary arterial hypertension, 654 C Calcium, cardiac functions of, phosporus and, 639 Calcium channel antagonists, for pulmonary hypertension, 653 Cardiac biomarkers, for acute coronary syndrome, Cardiac surgery patients, glucose control in, Cardiac troponins, in acute coronary syndrome, in cardiogenic shock, 624 Cardiogenic shock, causes of, definition of, 607 epidemiology of, 607

3 Index 689 mechanical circulatory support for, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in, 612 left ventricular assist devices in, 613 pathophysiology of, hibernating myocrdium, 610 multiorgan dysfunction syndrome in, 610 stunned myocardium in, 610 systemic inflammatory resonse syndrome and, 610 reperfusion therapy for, treatment of, circulatory support in, hemodynamic monitoring in, medications for, 611 Cardiopulmonary bypass, electrolyte disorders following, 640 Cardiovascular disease, in patient with diabetes, 677 Chronic renal failure (CHF), electrolyte disturbances and, Clopidogrel, for NSTEMI patients, 553 Congestive heart failure, electrolyte disturbances and, 641 Coronary artery bypass surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass in, cardioplegia type in, 578 complications of, 575 contraindications to, decision-making algorithm for, neurologic compromise or changes and, studies of on-pump and off-pump, conduits for, 580 greater saphenous vein, internal thoracic artery, radial artery, 579 future of, hybrid operating rooms, intraoperative percutaneous intervention with, robotics in, 581 goal of, 573 implications for nursing, bleeding evaluation, 583 heart rate and rhythm monitoring, 582 hemodynamic monitoring, 582 neurologic functioning, 583 pain management, 583 patient-family approach to care, renal function, 583 in place of percutaneous coronary intervention, 574 overview of, classification in, predictor of risk with, Society of Thoracic Surgeons database, 575 Costs, of hyperglycemia, 677 stroke-associated, D Dehydration, electrolyte disturbances and, 640 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. See also Glucose control prevalence of, 677 Diuretics, for pulmonary arterial hypertension, 653 Dyslipidemia, cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors for, 568

4 690 Index E Electrolyte disorders, cardiac effects of, electrolyte fuctions and, in cardiac patients, conditions causing, in cardiac surgical patient, 640 Embolectomy, for pulmonary thrombosis, 627 Endothelin receptor antagonists, for pulmonary arterial hypertension, 654 Epoprostenol (Flolan), for pulmonary arterial hypertension, 655 Epoprostenol for injection (Veletri), for pulmonary arterial hypertension, 655 F Fluid volume overload, sodium levels and, 636 G Gastrointestinal problems, electrolyte disturbances and, 641 Glucoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitors, for NSTEMI patients, 553 Glucose control, in cardiac surgery patients, in ICU patient, blood glucose variability and, intensive insulin therapy for, serum glucose threshols for, transitioning from insulin infusions, measurement issues in, medication effect, 682 point-of-care devices, sample sire, 682 nursing practice issues, continuous blood glucose measurements, 684 implementation of insulin protocols, 683 management of insulin infusions, H Heart valve disease, diagnosis of cardiac catheterization in, 592 chest radiography in, 591 echocardiography in, 592 electrocardiography in, 592 myocardial perfusion imaging in, 592 heart valves in, indications for surgical intervention in, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, 594 mitral stenosis, tricuspid valve disease, 594 NYHA classification of, Regurgitation, aortic, 590 mitral, 591 pulmonic, 591 tricuspid, 591

5 Index 691 signs and symptoms of, stenosis, aortic, mitral, 590 pulmonic, 590 tricuspid, 590 surgical treatments for, valvular insufficiency, 589 valvular stenosis, Heart valve surgery, approaches in, conventional valve surgery, 595 minimally invasive port-access endovascular cardiopulmonary bypass, 596 Ross procedure, transcatheter aortic valve replacement, complications in, lifestyle changes following, medical management option vs., 600 recovering from, breathing treatments in, 601 cardiac rehabilitation programs in, 602 chest tubes in, 600 discharge teaching in, 601 EKG monitoring in, 600 nutrition in, 601 pain medication in, 601 return to work and, 602 sexual activity and, 602 step-down unit in, valve types for biological (tissue), mechanical, 594, 596 Hypercalcemia, effects of, 637, Hyperglycemia, cost of, 677 in ICU patient, risk for, 680 Hyperkalemia, effects of, treatment of, 639 Hypermagnesemia, effects of, 640 Hypernatremia, cardiac effects of, 636 Hyperphosphatemia, effects of, 640 treatment of, 640 Hypertension, in type 2 diabetic patients, 677 Hypocalcemia, effects of, 637, Hypoglycemia in ICU patient, risk for, 680 Hypokalemia, effects of, medications causing, 639 treatment of, 639 Hypomagnesemia, effects of, Hypophosphatemia, effects of, 640 I Iloprost, for pulmonary arterial hypertension, 655 Infection, postoperative in heart valve surgery, 599

6 692 Index L Lipoprotein metabolism, in type 2 diabetic patients, 677 M Magnesium, cardiac function of, 636 Mitral stenosis, cause of, 590 surgical intervention for, symptoms of, 590 Mitral valve regurgitation, 591 surgical intervention for, 594 Morphine, for unstable angina/nstemi, 552 N Nitroglycerin IV, for unstable angina/nstemi, 552 Nosocomial infections, after heart valve surgery, NSTEMI, definition of, management of, P Pancreatitis, electrolyte disturbances and, 641 Patient education, for patients and family, 555 Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, for pulmonary arterial hypertenion, 654 Phosphorus, cardiac function of, 636 Potassium, cardiac function of, 635 Prostacyclin, for pulmonary arterial hypertension, Pulmonary arterial hypertension, classification of, caused by lung disease or hypoxia, 646, 648 chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease, 646, initial and updated, in left heart disease, 646, 648 ùnclear or multifactorial etiologies, 646, 649 collaboration with pulmonary hypertension center, 656 definition of, evaluation process for, EKG in, 649, 652 physical examination in, right heart catheterization in, 652 signs and symptoms in, 649 vasodilator testing in, ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy in, 652 medical treatment of, 653 nursing implications, patient and family education, pathology of, 649 pharmacologic interventions for, 656 anticoagulants, 653 calcium channel antagonists, 653 diuretics, 653 endothelin receptor antagonists, 654 phosphodiesterase inhibitors, 654 prostacyclin,

7 Index 693 risk factors and associated conditions in, surgical interventions for, 655 Pulmonary embolism, case study of TR, admission to telemetry unit, in ICU, last days on ICU and discharge home, 632 causes of, 618 diagnosis of, cardiac troponins in, 624 D-dimer measurement in, 624 imaging in, 624 tests in, 624 mechanical ventilation and, 628 atelectrauma from, 631 barotrauma from, biotrauma from, risks in, ventilator-induced lung injry from, pathophysiology of, prevention of, anticoagulants for, fondaoarinus for, 622 low-dose unfractionated heparin for, low-molecular weight hepatin for, mechanical prophylaxis techniques for, pharmacologic prophylaxis for, signs and symptoms of, treatment of, anticoagulation, 625 catheter-based thrombus removal, 627 long-term, 627 surgical interventions, 627 thrombolysis, vena cava filter, venous thromboembolism and, 618 risk factors for, , 622 Pulmonic regurgitation, 591 Pulmonic stenosis, 590 R Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtpa), for pulmonary thrombosis, 626 S Sildenafil, for pulmonary arterial hypertension, 654 Sodium, effects of, 636 fluid balance and, 636 STEMI, definition of, implications for nursing, management of, fibrinolytics in, percutaneous coronary intervention in, 553

8 694 Index Stroke. See also Acute ischemic stroke; Acute ischemic stroke clinical presentation of, 663 core measures for, etiologies of, 663 incidence of, 661 pathophysiology of, risk factors for, systems of care for, comprehensive stroke center, primary stroke center, types of, cardioembolic, 662 hemorrhagic, 662 ischemic, 662 thrombotic, 662 Systolic anterior motion, after heart valve surgery, 600 T Tadalafil, for pulmonary arterial hypertension, 654 Thrombolysis, for pulmonary thrombosis, Transient ischemic attacks, 661 Treprostinil inhalation, for pulmonary arterial hypertension, 655 Treprostinil sodium for pulmonary arterial hypertension, 655 Tricuspid regurgitation, 591 Tricuspid stenosis, 590 Tricuspid valve disease, surgical intervention for, 594 U Unstable angina, classifications of, 550 diagnosis of, 550 management of, V Vena cava filter, for pulmonary thrombosis, Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), after heart valve surgery, 599 Ventilator-induced lung injury, Vitamin K antagonist (VKA), for pulmonary thrombosis, 626

Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Acute coronary syndrome(s), anticoagulant therapy in, 706, 707 antiplatelet therapy in, 702 ß-blockers in, 703 cardiac biomarkers in,