Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) has low morbidity
|
|
- Joan Anthony
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Robotic Assisted Multivessel Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass With Port-Access Stabilization and Cardiac Positioning: Paving the Way for Outpatient Coronary Surgery? Valavanur A. Subramanian, MD, Nilesh U. Patel, MD, Nirav C. Patel, MD, FRCS(C-Th), and Didier F. Loulmet, MD Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York Background. Minimimal access multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting with same day hospital discharge remains the ultimate goal. We evaluated the feasibility for achieving multivessel coronary bypass through minimal access. Methods. From January to July 2003, 30 patients under went off-pump minimally invasive multivessel coronary bypass. Internal mammary arteries were harvested with robotic telemanipulation with three ports. A 2-inch to 3-inch incision with soft tissue retractor was used to perform coronary anastomosis. Robotic ports were used to introduce stabilization and cardiac positioning devices. Endoscopic harvesting of radial artery was done when necessary. Results. Twenty-three patients (77%) had anterior throracotomy approach and 7 (23%) had transabdominal approach. Average number of bypass grafts was 2.6 (range 2 4). There was no mortality in hospital or on 30-day follow-up. Twenty-nine patients (97%) were extubated on the operating table. Two patients required reoperation for bleeding and 1 of those patients needed conversion to sternotomy for additional bypass grafting. Within 24 hours of surgery 50% of patients (n 15) were discharged, 10% (n 3) were discharged in 24 to 36 hours, 17% (n 5) were discharged in 36 to 48 hours, 17% (n 5) were discharged in 48 to 72 hours, and 2 patients stayed more than 3 days in the hospital. Two patients needed readmission to hospital within 30 days; 1 for pleural effusion and 1 for wound infection. Conclusions. Robotic harvesting of internal mammary arteries and port access stabilization and cardiac positioning allows multivessel coronary bypass to be performed through a small incision. Currently, the majority of the patients can be safely discharged within 36 hours of operation. (Ann Thorac Surg 2005;79:1590 6) 2005 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) has low morbidity and mortality with very dependable longterm results; however, the invasiveness of sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass leads to longer hospital stay. Elimination of cardiopulmonary bypass and limited access coronary surgery can expedite patient recovery leading to the ultimate goal of same day or outpatient coronary surgery. Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) technique combines the advantages of limited surgical access with benefits of off-pump surgery. But it is limited to revascularization to single vessel in one territory of the heart [1 4]. Multivessel CABG through minimal access has been performed but requires cardiopulmonary bypass with peripheral cannulation and cardioplegic arrest [5, 6]. Robotic telemanipulation is a Accepted for publication Oct 4, Presented at the Fortieth Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, San Antonio, TX, Jan 26 28, Address reprint requests to Dr Subramanian, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, 130 East 77th St, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10021; vsubramanian@lenoxhill.net. powerful tool that further minimizes the surgical access, especially harvesting entire length of both internal mammary arteries (IMAs) [7, 8]. Also, robotic telemanipulation allows further optimization of minithoracotomy incision for the coronary anastomosis. Recent introduction of the port-access heart-positioning device in experimental set-up enables the surgeon to dislocate the heart in closed chest [9]. Also, introduction of a postaccess cardiac stabilization device allows surgeons to perform direct vision coronary surgery on the anterior surface of the heart through smaller incision [10]. Combining both robotic telemanipulation and postaccess instrumentation allows exposure of all the distal coronary target areas, enabling the surgeon to perform multivessel MIDCAB. We report this feasibility study for robotic-assisted multivessel MIDCAB with port access stabilization and cardiac positioning leading to faster patient recovery. Dr Subramanian discloses that he has a financial relationship with Guidant, Inc, and Ethicon, Inc by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons /05/$30.00 Published by Elsevier Inc doi: /j.athoracsur
2 Ann Thorac Surg SUBRAMANIAN ET AL 2005;79: ROBOTIC-ASSISTED OUTPATIENT CAB SURGERY Fig 1. Positioning of patient and port placement. (LIMA left internal mammary artery; RIMA right internal mammary artery.) Patients and Methods Patient Characteristics From January to July 2003, 30 patients underwent offpump multivessel MIDCAB at Lenox Hill Hospital. Data Collection and Follow-Up All the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were collected in accordance with New York State cardiac surgery reporting system. Follow-up was done either by the referring cardiologist or in our institution depending on patient s convenience. Patient selection criteria was as follows: 1. Good size coronary artery targets greater than 1.75-mm diameter without any diffuse disease 2. All the target sites in same latitude zone of the sphere of the heart 3. Left ventricular function ejection fraction greater than 35% without any cardiomegaly 4. Nonobese patients with wide intercostals spaces to facilitate minithoracotomy access and robotic harvesting of internal mammary arteries 5. Normal pulmonary function test and without any underlying pulmonary disease to withstand single lung ventilation and CO 2 insufflations In patients with short body stature, we preferred to use radial artery rather than right internal mammary artery Surgical Technique PATIENT POSITIONING. The patients were placed in supine position with a roll under left chest with 30-degree elevation (Fig 1). This facilitated right IMA dissection and minithoracotomy incision. Left shoulder is dropped by hanging the arm on the side drapes supported at the wrist to avoid shoulder conflict of the robotic arm. Left arm is left out for simultaneous endoscopic radial artery harvesting when necessary. ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUE. Standard cardiac anesthetic techniques were used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Most patients had double lumen endotracheal tube or bronchial blocker for single lung ventilation. In some patients double lung ventilation (single lumen tube) was used with reduced tidal volume and increased rate of ventilation to maintain adequate minute volume without collapse of the lung. All patients had standard invasive monitoring with arterial line, pulmonary artery catheter with continuous mixed venous oximetry and transesophageal echocardiography. PORT PLACEMENT. Following skin prepping and draping the left lung is deflated and the camera port was introduced in the fifth intercostal space just below the nipple in males. In females the breast is pushed up with iodinated adhesive drape and camera port is placed in the submammary crease in the line of nipple. After connecting the CO 2 insufflation the three-dimensional optic is attached and the left chest cavity is explored. CO 2 insufflation (warmed and humidified) at pressures between 3 and 10 mm Hg was used for the harvesting of left IMA and 10 to 12 mm of Hg for the right IMA harvesting. The Da Vinci surgical system robot (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) was then placed from the right so that the camera actuator of the robot can be connected to the camera port. Two other ports for the instrumentation, localized in the third (right arm) and sixth (left arm) intercostals space in the same line as the camera port were then introduced (Fig 2). LEFT INTERNAL MAMMARY ARTERY HARVESTING. With the operating unit in place and with 30-degree endoscope angled upward, the endothoracic fascia between IMA and the vein was divided along the entire length of the left IMA. Then the left full length of IMA is harvested by means of careful low energy cautery of the side branches in a skeletonized fashion. After heparinization with 5000 U the distal end of IMA is divided, clipped, and parked on the pericardium and a soft bulldog clamp (Scanlan International, St Paul, MN) is applied. BILATERAL IMA HARVESTING. First a 30-degree endoscope angled upward is introduced and the left IMA is scanned in the entire length. The scope is then changed to 0-degree endoscope. Mediastinum is dissected as described below. Right pleura is opened along the entire length of the IMA and insufflation is increased to 10 to 12 mm Hg. Right endothoracic fascia is opened and right IMA is harvested in its full length as skeletonized conduit. Sometimes it is necessary to divide right internal mammary vein to reach the origin of right IMA. If free RIMA is to be used for composite grafting, the right IMA is divided at its origin at this stage because it is difficult to reach the origin later on. After dividing the proximally the right IMA is brought to the left side and clipped to the pericardial fat. Left IMA is then dissected as described above. Then the distal end of right IMA is divided and brought across to the left side. For transabdominal approach both the IMAs are harvested in their entire length as skeletonized grafts and the distal and left attached until the exposure of mediastinum through transabdominal incision. DISSECTION OF MEDIASTINUM. To facilitate dislocation of heart, the mediastinal attachments to the sternum are CARDIOVASCULAR
3 1592 SUBRAMANIAN ET AL Ann Thorac Surg ROBOTIC-ASSISTED OUTPATIENT CAB SURGERY 2005;79: Fig 2. Overall setup of port access stabilization and cardiac positioning. (MIDCAB minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass.) detached along the entire length of the sternum as well as the diaphragmatic attachments to costal margins. This manipulation was carried out during robotic IMA harvesting. SKIN AND CHEST WALL INCISION. For anterior thoracotomy approach the camera port incision is extended approximately 1 inch on either side in the fifth intercostals space. The subcutaneous tissue is divided in the same line as the pectoralis muscle. The fifth intercostals space is entered and the intercostals muscles are undermined in the space. Medium soft tissue retractor is placed to prevent the muscle and fat layers obstructing the line of vision. A low-profile MIDCAB retractor is placed (Genzyme or Estech Corporation, Danville, CA) and spread just enough to see distal targets. For transabdominal MIDCABa 2- to 3-inch Chevron epigastric incision was made. Both rectus abdominis muscles with their anterior and posterior sheaths are partially divided preserving the lateral neurovascular bundles. Prior robotic release of costo- diaphragmatic attachments were laterally extended with cautery to facilitate exposure and increase the working angle through this incision. The lower edge of the sternum and the costal arch was lifted with table mounted (on the left side of the patient) modified IMA retractor hooks and blades (Rultrac, Ohio). This maneuver helps to lower position of the heart and increase working space between the sternum and anterior surface of the heart [11]. PERICARDIAL INCISION. All the epicardial fat is removed to facilitate exposure. Initial incision is made in the line of LAD not extended until anterior wall coronary anastomosis is done. For lateral and inferior wall coronary grafting the pericardial incision is extend over the apex to the diaphragm and laterally towards phrenic nerve to facilitate dislocation of the heart. In transabdominal MIDCAB exposure the pericardium divided in an inverted T shape with the horizontal limb of the incision made along the entire length of the pericardiodiaphragmatic attachment. CARDIAC POSITIONING. In anterior MIDCAB for LAD and diagonal exposure left lateral leaf of the pericardium is pulled up and out of the thoracotomy wound toward the left shoulder and fixed to the chest wall. This usually rotated the heart medially and optimized the presentation of the anterior coronary target vessels. Further medial rotation of the heart to expose the Ramus Intermidius branch is accomplished by bringing the suture on the lateral leaf of the pericardium through a stab wound in the left midaxillary line and the suture tied over a rubber bolster. For lateral and inferior wall vessel grafting the positioning of the heart is done with EndoStarfish (Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN; Fig 3). An 8- to 10-mm port is made underneath xiphiod and track is made with long clamp. EndoStarfish is introduced with trocar and Starfish is applied on the anterolateral wall away from the apex and the heart is rotated and pulled towards xiphiod so that the Starfish NS goes underneath the sternum to expose ramus and circumflex marginal branches. For the Fig 3. Obtuse marginal artery stabilization using EndoStarfish (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, MN) and Endostabilizer (Estech, Danville, CA).
4 Ann Thorac Surg SUBRAMANIAN ET AL 2005;79: ROBOTIC-ASSISTED OUTPATIENT CAB SURGERY Fig 4. Exposure of RCA and PDA using EndoStarfish by transabdominal approach. (PDA posterior descending artery; RCA right coronary artery.) inferior wall coronary artery exposure the Starfish NS is applied to the apex and the acute margin of right ventricle and pushed towards the right shoulder and rotated so Starfish goes underneath upper rib cage. In transabdominal MIDCAB the LAD exposure is done by lateral traction of the left leaf of the pericardium and the Starfish NS is applied to the acute margin of the right ventricle and pulled up and rotated in the direction of the left shoulder to facilitate right coronary and posterior descending artery exposure (Fig 4). PORT INTRODUCED STABILIZATION OF CORONARY TARGETS. In most patients for stabilization of all coronary targets the Endostabilizer (Estech Corporation) is introduced through the lower instrument port in the sixth intercostal space. Sometimes for stabilization of the LAD, diagonal, Ramus Intermedius, and high marginal arteries the Endostabilizer is introduced from above through the upper instrument port in third intercostal space. Occasionally, additional port in the lower midaxillary line is used for inferior wall stabilization. GRAFTING STRATEGY. In majority of the patients left IMA was anastomosed as in situ to LAD or sequentially to diagonal and LAD along with composite RIMA or radial artery grafts from the LIMA to lateral and inferior wall Table 1. Patients Preoperative Characteristics (n 30) Mean age years Male to female ratio 24/6 BMI average 27.9 LV function: 50% 22 (73%) LV function: 40% 49% 6 (20%) LV function: 30% 39% 2 (7%) Periferal vascular disease 7 (23%) Renal failure 2 (7%) Treated diabetes 12 (40%) BMI body mass index; LV left ventricular targets. In some instances in situ right IMA was anastomosed to LAD and in situ LIMA and radial composite grafts to lateral and inferior wall vessels. All composite grafting was T anastomosed before coronary grafting. For transabdominal MIDCAB in situ left IMA was anastomosed to distal LAD and in situ right IMA was anastomosed to right coronary or in situ gastroepiploic artery (GEA) was used for the right coronary artery branches. We used standard anastomotic technique of running 8-0 or 7-0 Prolene sutures. The composite grafts were either performed in T fashion or spatulated end-to-end fashion. Slicone elstomer tapes were used for local control and intracoronary shunts were used liberally. PROCESS OF CARE. All the patients were extubated on table and invasive lines are removed within 2 hours postoperative if patient had stable hemodynamics. These patients were encouraged to mobilize early and walk a few yards 4 to 6 hours postoperatively. The chest tubes were removed late in the evening or early next morning. For analgesia these patients had infiltration of the wound and the intercostals space with local analgesic. All these patients received 24-hour Ketorolac injections supplemented by opoid-based analgesics as per patient s requirement. All these patients had chest roentgenogram, 12-lead electrocardiograms, and blood profile before discharge. Results Preoperative Characteristics All the preoperative characteristics of the patients are listed in Table 1. Operative Details Twenty-three patients (77%) had left anterior thoracotomy approach, whereas 7 patients (23%) had transabdominal approach. The average total operative timing was 7 hours 24 minutes ( 49 minutes), which included anesthesia time and time needed to extubate at the end of operation. The average robotic time was 1 hour 30 minutes ( 35 minutes), which included robotic preparation time as well as harvesting of bilateral IMAs. In general it took 45 minutes for insertion of monitoring lines and intubation; 20 minutes for patient positioning and draping; 30 minutes for robotic port placement and positioning of the robot; 95 minutes to harvest bilateral IMAs and dissection of mediastinum; 150 minutes to make incision, performing composite grafting, stabilization, and constructing distal anastomoses; 30 minutes for closure; and 60 minutes for extubation of patient and recovery in the operating room. The distribution of the conduits and target vessels are presented in Table 2. The average number of grafts was 2.6 (range 2 6). Postoperative Recovery EXTUBATION. Twenty-nine patients (97%) were extubated on table. One patient, who had poor gas exchange, was extubated after 6 hours. Two patients required reintuba- CARDIOVASCULAR
5 1594 SUBRAMANIAN ET AL Ann Thorac Surg ROBOTIC-ASSISTED OUTPATIENT CAB SURGERY 2005;79: Table 2. Details and Distribution of Bypass Grafts Target Coronary Number In Situ Left IMA In Situ Right IMA Composite Radial Composite Free RIMA Composite SVG Gastroepiploeic Left anterior descending Diagonal Ramus Obtuse marginal Posterolateral Posterior descending Distal right IMA internal mammary artery; RIMA right internal mammary artery; SVG superior vena graft. tion for reexploration for bleeding. One of them was extubated within 4 hours of reexploration, whereas the other patient was ventilated for 3 days. MOBILIZATION. Twenty-eight patients had their invasive monitoring lines taken out with 4 hours of completion of surgery. These patients were mobilized a few steps in evening of surgery. HOSPITAL STAY. Fifteen patients (50%) were discharged in the morning of the day following surgery (within 24 hours of completion of surgery); 3 patients (10% in 24 to 36 hours following surgery) were discharged in the evening. Five patients were discharged on second postoperative day and 5 patients on third postoperative day. Two patients stayed more than 3 days; 1 patient for 7 days and 1 patient for 14days. COMPLICATIONS. There was no in-hospital mortality or 30-day mortality. Two patients needed reexploration for bleeding. One had bleeding from the internal mammary harvest site on the chest wall. In the other patient no source of bleeding was found, but the same patient needed reexploration through median sternotomy due to low output state. One of three bypass grafts was found to be occluded (distal end-to-side graft of radial composite graft), so an additional vein graft was performed on beating heart. That patient had an intraaortic balloon pump inserted. He had a rise in cardiac enzymes but did not have any new Q waves on electrocardiogram. He was discharged after 14 days hospitalization. Follow-Up READMISSION WITHIN 30 DAYS. Two patients required hospitalization within 30 days. One had large left-sided pleural effusion that needed chest tube drainage as well as treatment for atrial fibrillation. The other patient who had transabdominal MIDCAB had deep wound infection needing intravenous antibiotics and local wound debridement and drainage. STRESS TEST. Twenty-five patients had normal stress test postoperatively. One patient had mild inferior ischemia on stress test. This patient had occluded right coronary artery with poor collateralized vessels, which were not bypassed. Four patients refused stress test, because they were asymptomatic. Follow-up was complete in 27 patients (90%). The average duration of follow-up was 3.5 months (range months). There was no late mortality or recurrence of angina on late follow-up. One patient had non-q wave myocardial infarction and required percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty to native coronary for occluded left IMA disease 6 months after surgery. One patient with vague chest discomfort had an angiogram 2 months after surgery. The angiogram showed normal widely patent grafts. Comment The initial approach for limited-access coronary artery revascularization was an anterior exposure of the heart for grafting of mid to distal left anterior descending coronary artery with pedicle left IMA conduit [2, 3]. Despite initial concerns about technical difficulties of the MIDCAB operation, it has become a more standardized procedure in hands of some experts with the advent of stabilization devices [2, 3, 12 14]. However, anterior MID- CAB has been predominantly limited to single vessel because of the inability to access the lateral and inferior walls of the heart due to lack of space for rotation. In addition, anterior MIDCAB has its technical limitations in terms of ability to harvest the entire length of the left IMA. In this feasibility study we report out initial experience of multivessel MIDCAB with robotic telemanipulation for IMA harvesting and port access stabilization and cardiac positioning. Efforts have been made to harvest IMA with conventional thoracoscopic instruments with video assist, but this technique is limited by lack of precision due to fulcrum effect of the instruments at the entry in the thoracic cage and limited range of motion of the instruments. Introduction of robotic-assisted endowrist in the Da Vinci system (Intuitive Surgical) has allowed harvesting entire length of the IMA by totally endoscopic route [15, 16]; an advantage of this approach is that robotic indexing allows surgeons to maintain a comfortable and ergonomic arm position at the console while performing IMA dissection. While operating from the master console, the surgeon experiences no discomfort or fatigue caused by instrument torque, a common occurrence with manual videoscopic IMA harvesting. The controller software also eliminates the fulcrum effect of reversing instrument direction. This digital manipulation restores
6 Ann Thorac Surg SUBRAMANIAN ET AL 2005;79: ROBOTIC-ASSISTED OUTPATIENT CAB SURGERY the natural hand motions of the open harvesting technique. These advantages have the effect of shortening the learning curve of totally endoscopic IMA harvesting [17]. Also, robotic instrumentation allows harvesting of bilateral IMAs totally endoscopically [17, 18]. The reasons mentioned above allowed us to harvest the entire length of left and right IMAs in a skeletonized fashion resulting in longer length of conduits that enabled us to perform multivessel grafting. Also, avoiding sternotomy allowed us to use bilateral IMA without increasing the risk of wound dehiscence, especially in diabetic patients. Grundeman and colleagues [9] reported endoscopic exposure and stabilization of posterior and inferior wall coronaries in an animal experiment. In the current clinical study we used a combination of port access cardiac positioning and pericardial traction sutures to facilitate exposure of posterior and inferior wall coronaries through minimal access incision. Robotic dissection of mediastinum below the sternum allows creation of space between the heart and thoracic cage; this space allows rotation of heart without causing hemodynamic compromise. In this current we did not any conversion to sternotomy or cardiopulmonary bypass during initial operation due to hemodynamic compromise. However, there are limitations of current heart positioning devices like EndoStarfish; it is mounted on a rigid shaft that makes maneuvering difficult at times. It is too high profile for the limited space between the heart and the thoracic cage. The ideal heart positioning device should be low profile, which is more flexible for introduction and positioning, and then becomes rigid when the ideal position is achieved. Post access stabilization has been described by Vassiliades [10] in endoscopic-assisted atraumatic coronary bypass for left IMA to left anterior descending artery. In our study we have used the Estech endostabilizer for port access stabilization. Free range of motion of stabilizer port makes it possible to apply to all targets through a single port. The port access stabilization allowed us to perform direct vision anastomosis without stabilizer obstructing the instrumentation or visualization of coronaries. Also introduction of stabilizer though the port makes stablibization more effective as the stabilizer shaft is almost perpendicular to the wall making compression effective. Avoiding sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass and making small minimally access instrumentations in selected low risk patients leads to speedy recovery. This resulted in majority of our patients being discharged within 36 hours of hospital stay. Average distal anastomosis of 2.6 per patient is lower compared to that reported in the STS database. Our patient population was carefully selected for this initial experience with fewer good size distal targets. Almost one-quarter of our patients had transabdominal MIDCAB who had two-vessel disease needing double bypass grafting leading to lower overall average. There was no compromise in completeness of revascularization. Lack of routine postoperative angiogram to access graft patency is a limitation of this study. But we have used 1595 stress test and freedom from death, cardiac-related event, and repeat revascularization as surrogate markers for the graft patency. Twenty-five of 26 patients had negative stress test. The limitation of our study is the small number of patients in very highly selected group with short-term follow-up. For this initial experience we chose patients with lower risk profile and good coronary targets. We believe that with technological advances, such as better cardiac positioning devices and facilitated anastomotic devices, this procedure might be more applicable to a wider patient population. In conclusion, robotic assisted IMA harvesting with port access instrumentation makes direct vision multivessel coronary feasible through minimal access incision in highly selected group of patients. The speedy recovery of these patients could pave the way for outpatient coronary bypass grafts in the future. References 1. Subramanian VA, Patel NU. Current status of MIDCAB procedure. Curr Opin Cardiol 2001;16: Pfister AJ, Zaki MS, Garcia JM, et al. Coronary artery bypass without cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 1992;54: Subramanian VA, Sani G, Benetti FJ, et al. Minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery. A multi-center report of preliminary clinical experience Circulation 1995;92(Suppl): Calafiore AM, DiGiammarco G, Teodori G, et al. Left anterior descending coronary artery grafting via left anterior small thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61: Guielmos V, Knaut M, Cichon R, et al. Minimally invasive surgical treatment of coronary artery multivessel disease. Ann Thorac Surg 1998;66: Gueliemos V, Brandt M, Knaut M, et al. The Dresden approach for complete multivessel revascularisation. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;68: Cichon R, Kappert U, Schnieder J, et al. Robotic-enhanced arterial revascularisation for multivessel coronary artery disease. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70: Dogan S, Aybek T, Anderben E, et al. Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting on cardiopulmonary bypass with robotically enhanced telemanipulation: report of forty five cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;123: Grundeman PF, Budde R, Beck HM, et al. Endoscopic exposure and stabilization of posterior and inferior branches using the endo-starfish cardiac positioner and endo-octopus stabilizer for closed-chest beating heart multivessel CABG: hemodynamic changes in the pig. Circulation 2003;108(suppl II):II Vassiliades TA Jr. Endoscopic-assisted atraumatic coronary artery bypass. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2003;11: Subramanian VA, Patel NU. Transabdominal minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2000;17: Diegler A, Martin M, Falk V, et al. Quality assessment in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999;16(Suppl 2):s Mehran R, Subramanian V, Mack M, et al. Preliminary results from the patency outcomes and economics of MIDCAB (POEM) trial: minimally invasive direct coronary revascularization versus conventional bypass surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:340A. 14. Mehran R, Subramanian V, Mack M, et al. Is the angiographic patency of LIMA-LAD anastamosis after midcab equivalent to conventional CABG? Final results from the POEM Trial Circulation 2000;102(Suppl):II-581. CARDIOVASCULAR
7 1596 SUBRAMANIAN ET AL Ann Thorac Surg ROBOTIC-ASSISTED OUTPATIENT CAB SURGERY 2005;79: Mohr FW, Falk V, Diegler A, et al. Computer-enhanced robotic cardiac surgery: experience in 148 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001;121: Cichon R, Kappert U, Schneider J, et al. The development of robotic enhanced endoscopic surgery for treatment of coronary artery disease: experience of 102 patients. Circulation 2001;102:S582 (abstr). 17. Kiaii B, Boyd WD, Rayman R, et al. Robotic assisted computer enhanced closed-chest coronary surgery: preliminary experience using harmonic scalpel and ZEUS. Heart Surg Forum 2000;3: Kappert U, Cichon R, Guliemos V, et al. Robotic-enhanced Dresden technique for minimally invasive bilateral internal mammary artery grafting. Heart Surg Forum 2000;3: DISCUSSION DR MICHAEL ACKER (Philadelphia, PA): Your results are truly remarkable. What needs to be done technologically so that not only you can do it, Dr Subramanian, but, let s say, 50% of the heart surgeons across America can do this operation? DR SUBRAMANIAN: As our President of the Society, Dr Guyton, pointed out, learning one new operation each year; so I think the first thing would be training. I have to mention that we need to do more iterations on the technology. The Starfish I have shown here is a high-profile device and is on a rigid shaft; the endostabilizer is also on a rigid shaft. We are currently working at our institution to produce a steerable, flexible, ultra-lowprofile stabilizer and a positioner, which will be steerable to any surface of the heart, and potentially useful for intracardiac operations such as mitral valve repair. For the robotic training, obviously it does take time. We do need iteration even on the robotic techniques. I would envision in the future there would be a hybrid robotic system, a minirobotic system, or some other nonrobotic technique to harvest the internal mammary artery. As you know, in the minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) operation we introduced in 1994 it was not that difficult to perform twointercostal-space mobilization of the mammary artery. We need some facilitative technology to accomplish this through that minimal access. Everybody has gone completely out of the way into the dark forest looking for very high-intensity robotic techniques. So there are opportunities for us, the surgeons, and the industry to look for some sort of a hybrid system. I am sure it is coming soon. DR SULAIMAN HASAN (Charleston, WV): I want to congratulate you on continuing to push the frontiers. The question I have is that with our experience with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) through a sternotomy, we with the Starfish will often raise the heart out of the chest in order to keep the hemodynamics stable. How does that work out with the chest essentially closed? Is that an issue? DR SUBRAMANIAN: It is a completely different situation because in the midline sternotomy the heart has to be lifted beyond the midline to the right side to expose the lateral surface. Here the surgeon is on left side of the patient directly looking at the lateral surface of the heart. You really don t dislocate the heart. You basically rotate the heart, and the surface of the lateral wall comes to you. We have not seen any hemodynamic compromise. Everything is done within the left chest, so the presentation is very easy. DR WILLIAM COLTHARP (Nashville, TN): That is an elegant series and report. The question I have for you is a philosophic question. Is there any worsening of long-term results justified by this technique? DR SUBRAMANIAN: Obviously we can t talk about long-term results yet. The only thing we can talk about are results in the anterior MIDCAB with the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) left anterior descending (LAD) artery. That has stood the test of time. There has been a 2-year follow-up and late results presented by Calafiore and ourselves, as well as the late angiography at 6 months, which has shown equivalency to conventional coronary bypass surgery. So, obviously, for the multivessel MIDCAB technique we can t really answer your question until we have more angiographic data. DR VALLUVAN JEEVANANDAM (Chicago, IL): Again, a beautifully elegant study. I have a question for you. Is your proximal anastomosis for the right internal mammary artery (RIMA) a T graft off the LIMA? And if you are going to do a free RIMA, why not use a radial? I don t know if there is any data to suggest that a radial or a RIMA is better when taken off as a T graft. DR SUBRAMANIAN: All of the composite grafting has been in a T configuration. More and more we are doing a free right mammary composite graft to the left internal mammary artery. The radial artery is somewhat larger to put it on the skeletonized LIMA. Because of that, I am concerned about using that as a routine. DR THOMAS L. MATTHEW (Boulder, CO): Thank you very much for an excellent presentation. I noticed that you used an epigastric approach, which is a very unusual approach for minimally invasive, and there was excellent exposure for the IMA and also for the posterior descending artery (PDA). Two questions. One is, how did you discover that approach, and second, have you used the gastroepiploic artery for a conduit at that location? DR SUBRAMANIAN: Let me answer the first question. The tribute goes to my associate, Dr Nilesh Patel; if he is in the audience, perhaps he can rise up. In late 1998 in the middle of the night when I was struggling to do a right gastroepiploic artery (GEA) to the inferior wall with a standard vertical abdominal incision, Dr. Patel informed me quietly that that it would be a better approach through a transverse transabdominal incision with partial division of the recti releasing the costal diaphragmatic attachments. In fact, if you look at it entomologically, many of the avian birds that fly very high, ie, soaring eagles, they can spread their wings very well, and they do have a very diminutive recti. So this has really brought on a very interesting approach, and releasing the diaphragmatic attachment is further able to release the costal arch. As you take a deep breath, the lower part of the thoracic cage actually moves up and outwards. So that was the genesis of this approach. And we predominantly use a lot of GEA grafts for the posterior descending as well as for the posterolateral branch off the distal circumflex. Heart is positioned through this approach by the Starfish or by differential diaphragmatic pericardial traction sutures.
The long-term benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting
Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Kenneth K. Liao, MD, PhD The long-term benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in treating coronary artery disease are attributed mainly to the use of
More informationMinimally invasive surgical techniques have been successfully
Development of Robotic Enhanced Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease Utz Kappert, MD; Jens Schneider, MD; Romuald Cichon, MD; Vassilios Gulielmos, MD; Sems-Malte Tugtekin, MD;
More informationHeart may be rotated but not compressed
Tips And Techniques For Multivessel OPCAB John D. Puskas, MD, Emory University, Atlanta AATS Adult Cardiac Skills April 28, 2012 San Francisco, CA Beating Heart Surgery vs Beat The Heart Surgery OPCAB
More informationCORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING (CABG) (Part 1) Mark Shikhman, MD, Ph.D., CSA Andrea Scott, CST
CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING (CABG) (Part 1) Mark Shikhman, MD, Ph.D., CSA Andrea Scott, CST I have constructed this lecture based on publications by leading cardiothoracic American surgeons: Timothy
More informationRecent technologic advances have brought completely. Robotic Endoscopic Left Internal Mammary Artery Harvesting: What Have We Learned After 100 Cases?
Robotic Endoscopic Left Internal Mammary Artery Harvesting: What Have We Learned After 100 Cases? Armin Oehlinger, MD, Nikolaos Bonaros, MD, Thomas Schachner, MD, Elisabeth Ruetzler, MD, Guy Friedrich,
More informationMIDCAB Approach for Single Vessel Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
MIDCAB Approach for Single Vessel Coronary Artery Bypass Graft V.A. Subramanian Interest in minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) grafting on the beating heart is growing. The premise
More informationMinimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass for left anterior descending artery revascularization analysis of 300 cases
Original paper Videosurgery Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass for left anterior descending artery revascularization analysis of 300 cases Lufeng Zhang, Zhongqi Cui, Zhiming Song, Hang Yang,
More informationTechnique of closed chest coronary artery surgery on the beating heart q
European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 20 (2001) 765 769 www.elsevier.com/locate/ejcts Technique of closed chest coronary artery surgery on the beating heart q Utz Kappert a, *, Romuald Cichon a,
More informationAfter unsuccessful attempts to perform totally endoscopic coronary
Robotic totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass: Program development and learning curve issues J. Bonatti T. Schachner O. Bernecker O. Chevtchik N. Bonaros H. Ott G. Friedrich F. Weidinger G. Laufer
More informationMICS CABG. Putting the future of MICS in your hands today
MICS CABG Putting the future of MICS in your hands today This presentation is based on a compilation of the surgical techniques and protocols of: Dr. Joseph McGinn - Staten Island, New York Dr. Marc Ruel
More informationMyocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary
Multiple Arterial Conduits Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Early Angiographic Results Antonio M. Calafiore, MD, Giovanni Teodori, MD, Gabriele Di Giammarco, MD, Giuseppe Vitolla, MD, Nicola Maddestra,
More informationImportance of the third arterial graft in multiple arterial grafting strategies
Research Highlight Importance of the third arterial graft in multiple arterial grafting strategies David Glineur Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cliniques St Luc, Bouge and the Department of Cardiovascular
More informationRobotic Hybrid Coronary Revascularization
Robotic Hybrid Coronary Revascularization Important benefits before, during, and after surgery If you have coronary artery disease (CAD), your doctor may discuss several treatment options with you. These
More informationNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL EXCELLENCE
202 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL EXCELLENCE INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES PROGRAMME Interventional procedures overview of totally endoscopic robotically assisted coronary artery bypass surgery Introduction
More informationOff-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting has
Tips and Techniques for Multivessel OPCAB John D. Puskas, MD Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting has been adopted worldwide and is recognized as a valuable alternative to conventional coronary
More informationSaphenous Vein Autograft Replacement
Saphenous Vein Autograft Replacement of Severe Segmental Coronary Artery Occlusion Operative Technique Rene G. Favaloro, M.D. D irect operation on the coronary artery has been performed in 180 patients
More informationHybrid Coronary Revascularization by Endoscopic Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on Beating Heart and Stent Placement
Hybrid Coronary Revascularization by Endoscopic Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on Beating Heart and Stent Placement Changqing Gao, MD, Ming Yang, MD, Yang Wu, MD, Gang Wang, MD, Cangsong Xiao,
More informationEarly Angiographic Results of Multivessel Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Original Article Early Angiographic Results of Multivessel Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Mimiko Tabata, MD, Hiroshi Niinami, MD, PhD, Yuji Suda, MD, Akihito Sasaki, MD, Masato Yamamoto, MD,
More informationHow I deploy arterial grafts
Art of Operative Techniques How I deploy arterial grafts David P. Taggart John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Correspondence to: David P. Taggart, MD(Hons), PhD, FRCS, FESC.
More informationHybrid coronary revascularization for the treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease
Perspective Hybrid coronary revascularization for the treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease Michael O. Kayatta 1, Michael E. Halkos 1, John D. Puskas 2 1 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
More informationOver the past 2 years, there has been rapid adoption
A Survey on Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Hani Shennib, MD, Michael J. Mack, MD, and Allan G. L. Lee, MSc Divisions of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Montreal General Hospital, McGill
More informationDeclaration of conflict of interest NONE
Declaration of conflict of interest NONE Claudio Muneretto MD, PhD Director of Division of Cardiac Surgery University of Brescia Medical School Italy Hybrid Chymera Different features and potential advantages
More informationROBOTIC CARDIAC SURGERY
ROBOTIC CARDIAC SURGERY N. Bonaros Department of Cardiac Surgery Innsbruck Medical University NEGATIVE PROPHECIES GOOD OMENS N Bonaros ESCVS Regensburg 2013 ROBOTIC CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS HAS SURVIVED
More informationAlfa Ferry FRCS Cardiac Surgeon OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Alfa Ferry FRCS Cardiac Surgeon OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Management in CHD Medical (medikamentosa) Intervensi 1. Percutaneous ( PTCA & stenting ) 2. Surgical ( CABG, CABG & mitral
More informationThe posterolateral thoracotomy is still probably the
Posterolateral Thoracotomy Jean Deslauriers and Reza John Mehran The posterolateral thoracotomy is still probably the most commonly used incision in general thoracic surgery. It provides not only excellent
More informationAbout OMICS International Conferences
About OMICS Group OMICS Group is an amalgamation of Open Access publications and worldwide international science conferences and events. Established in the year 2007 with the sole aim of making the information
More informationPort-Access Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With the Use of Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Cardioplegic Arrest
Port-Access Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With the Use of Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Cardioplegic Arrest Hermann Reichenspurner, MD, PhD, Vassilios Gulielmos, MD, Jaqueline Wunderlich, MD, Markus Dangel,
More informationRobot-Assisted Cardiac Surgery
doi: 10.5761/atcs.ra.15-00145 Review Article Norihiko Ishikawa, MD, PhD and Go Watanabe, MD, PhD Recognition of the significant advantages of minimizing surgical trauma has resulted in the development
More informationThe pericardial sac is composed of the outer fibrous pericardium
Pericardiectomy for Constrictive or Recurrent Inflammatory Pericarditis Mauricio A. Villavicencio, MD, Joseph A. Dearani, MD, and Thoralf M. Sundt, III, MD Anatomy and Preoperative Considerations The pericardial
More informationRobotic subxiphoid thymectomy
Review Article on Subxiphoid Surgery Robotic subxiphoid thymectomy Takashi Suda Correspondence to: Takashi Suda, MD.. Email: suda@fujita-hu.ac.jp. Abstract: When endoscopic surgery is indicated for myasthenia
More informationPort-Access Multivessel Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Port-Access Multivessel Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting James I. Fann, Mark A. Groh, Mario F. Pompili, Thomas A. Burdon, and Bruce A. Reitz In the 1950s and 1960s, Drs Dernikhov, Kolesov, and others successfully
More informationBeating Heart Totally Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass
Beating Heart Totally Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass Sudhir Srivastava, MD, Suresh Gadasalli, MD, Madhava Agusala, MD, Ram Kolluru, MD, Reyna Barrera, PAC, Shaune Quismundo, RN, BSN, Usha Kreaden, MS,
More informationFacing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery? Learn about minimally invasive da Vinci Surgery
Facing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery? Learn about minimally invasive da Vinci Surgery The Condition: Coronary Artery Disease Coronary artery disease is a form of heart disease that affects your arteries.
More informationInitial Prospective Multicenter Clinical Trial of Robotically-Assisted Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Initial Prospective Multicenter Clinical Trial of Robotically-Assisted Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Ralph J. Damiano, Jr, MD, Harold A. Tabaie, DO, Michael J. Mack, MD, James R. Edgerton, MD, Chandra
More informationLecture 2: Clinical anatomy of thoracic cage and cavity II
Lecture 2: Clinical anatomy of thoracic cage and cavity II Dr. Rehan Asad At the end of this session, the student should be able to: Identify and discuss clinical anatomy of mediastinum such as its deflection,
More informationSymposium on Robotic Cardiac Surgery: Mitral Valve Repair, Coronary Bypass, and More
Course Directors Husam H. Balkhy, Day 1 Friday, March 23, 2018 (7:00 a.m. 6:00 p.m.) 7:00 a.m. 7:30 a.m. REGISTRATION / BREAKFAST 7:30 a.m. 9:00 a.m. Session 1: Building a Foundation for Robotic Cardiac
More informationMinimal access aortic valve surgery has become one of
Minimal Access Aortic Valve Surgery Through an Upper Hemisternotomy Approach Prem S. Shekar, MD Minimal access aortic valve surgery has become one of the accepted forms of surgical therapy for patients
More informationOPCAB CTSNET. 3. We are convinced of the advantages and that they are many.
OPCAB CTSNET Hallway conversation (riff on OPCAB) in favor 1. We are a private practice w/ no competition over the last 25 yrs. We have an 800,000 person draw and do 1000 heart operations a year. Our volume
More information2017 Cardiology Survival Guide
2017 Cardiology Survival Guide Chapter 4: Cardiac Catheterization/Percutaneous Coronary Intervention A cardiac catheterization involves a physician inserting a thin plastic tube (catheter) into an artery
More informationrobotically enhanced coronary artery bypass surgery
J Robotic Surg (2007) 1:221 226 DOI 10.1007/s11701-007-0029-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Robotically enhanced coronary artery bypass surgery Yugal K. Mishra H. Wasir Malhotra Rajneesh K. K. Sharma Y. Mehta N. Trehan
More informationAnalysis of the Learning Curve in Telerobotic, Beating Heart Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A 90 Patient Experience
Analysis of the Learning Curve in Telerobotic, Beating Heart Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A 90 Patient Experience Richard J. Novick, MD, Stephanie A. Fox, RRCP, Bob B. Kiaii, MD, Larry W. Stitt, MS,
More informationTechnical Aspects and Initial Experience in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
J Med Sci 23;23(2):91-96 http://jms.ndmctsgh.edu.tw/23291.pdf Copyright 23 JMS Kuo-Chen Lee, et al. Technical Aspects and Initial Experience in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Kuo-Chen Lee, Guo-Jieng
More informationThe most important advantage of CABG over PTCA is its
Coronary Artery Bypass With Only In Situ Bilateral Internal Thoracic Arteries and Right Gastroepiploic Artery Hiroshi Nishida, MD; Yasuko Tomizawa, MD; Masahiro Endo, MD; Hitoshi Koyanagi, MD; Hiroshi
More informationTotally Endoscopic Multivessel Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Using the da Vinci Surgical System: A Feasibility Study on Cadaveric Models
6 (6), 2003 Online address: www.hsforum.com/vol6/issue6/2003-12303.html Totally Endoscopic Multivessel Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Using the da Vinci Surgical System: A Feasibility Study on Cadaveric
More informationPLEURAE and PLEURAL RECESSES
PLEURAE and PLEURAL RECESSES By Dr Farooq Aman Ullah Khan PMC 26 th April 2018 Introduction When sectioned transversely, it is apparent that the thoracic cavity is kidney shaped: a transversely ovoid space
More informationMinimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Original Policy Date
MP 7.01.47 Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Medical Policy Section Surgery Issue 12:2013 Original Policy Date 12:2013 Last Review Status/Date Reviewed with literature search/12:2013
More informationCPT Code Details
CPT Code 93572 Details Code Descriptor Intravascular Doppler velocity and/or pressure derived coronary flow reserve measurement (coronary vessel or graft) during coronary angiography including pharmacologically
More informationRobotic-assisted right upper lobectomy
Robotic Thoracic Surgery Column Robotic-assisted right upper lobectomy Shiguang Xu, Tong Wang, Wei Xu, Xingchi Liu, Bo Li, Shumin Wang Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northern Hospital, Shenyang 110015,
More informationCONTEMPORARY USE OF ARTERIAL GRAFTS DURING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY: PARADIGM SHIFT? OR A LITTLE (MORE) TALK THAT NEEDS A LOT MORE ACTION
CONTEMPORARY USE OF ARTERIAL GRAFTS DURING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY: PARADIGM SHIFT? OR A LITTLE (MORE) TALK THAT NEEDS A LOT MORE ACTION JAMES L ZELLNER MD I have no financial disclosures. 1897
More informationAnatomical studies concerning technical feasibility of minimally invasive axillocoronary bypass grafting 1
European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 14 (Suppl. 1) (1998) S71 S75 Anatomical studies concerning technical feasibility of minimally invasive axillocoronary bypass grafting 1 Johannes Bonatti a, *,
More informationMyocardial enzyme release after standard coronary artery bypass grafting
Cardiopulmonary Support and Physiology Schachner et al Myocardial enzyme release in totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting on the arrested heart Thomas Schachner, MD, a Nikolaos Bonaros, MD,
More informationThe Influence of Previous Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Original Article The Influence of Previous Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Toshihiro Fukui, MD, Susumu Manabe, MD, Tomoki Shimokawa, MD,
More informationTracheal stenosis in infants and children is typically characterized
Slide Tracheoplasty for Congenital Tracheal Stenosis Peter B. Manning, MD Tracheal stenosis in infants and children is typically characterized by the presence of complete cartilaginous tracheal rings and
More informationREVASCULARIZATION. A solution for minimally invasive beating heart coronary artery bypass grafting
REVASCULARIZATION A solution for minimally invasive beating heart coronary artery bypass grafting The da Vinci Surgical System High-definition 3D vision EndoWrist instrumentation EndoWrist Instrumentation
More informationEndoscopic harvesting of the left internal mammary artery
Masters of Cardiothoracic Surgery Endoscopic harvesting of the left internal mammary artery Tomasz Hrapkowicz 1, Gianluigi Bisleri 2 1 Division of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Silesian Center for
More informationSurgery has been proven to be beneficial for selected patients
Thoracoscopic Lung Volume Reduction Surgery Robert J. McKenna, Jr, MD Surgery has been proven to be beneficial for selected patients with severe emphysema. Compared with medical management, lung volume
More informationEuropean Robotic Forum March 2018 Tampere - Finland
15 March 2018 European Robotic Forum 13-15 March 2018 Tampere - Finland Healthcare Workshop Networking for new trends in surgical robotics Challenges in robotic cardiac surgery Professor Raimondo Ascione
More informationLecture 11: Port placement in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery
ME 328: Medical Robotics Autumn 2016 Lecture 11: Port placement in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery Allison Okamura Stanford University most slides courtesy of Pierre Dupont and Mahdi Tavakoli
More informationUniversity of Florida Department of Surgery. CardioThoracic Surgery VA Learning Objectives
University of Florida Department of Surgery CardioThoracic Surgery VA Learning Objectives This service performs coronary revascularization, valve replacement and lung cancer resections. There are 2 faculty
More informationImproved long-term survival has been demonstrated by
Benefit of Bilateral Over Single Internal Mammary Artery Grafts for Multiple Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Masahiro Endo, MD; Hiroshi Nishida, MD; Yasuko Tomizawa, MD; Hiroshi Kasanuki, MD Background
More informationF mary artery (IMA) graft carries a greater long-term
Internal Mammary Artery Grafts: The Shortest Route to the Coronarv Arteries J Thomas J. Vander Salm, MD, Sultan Chowdhary, MD,. N. Okike, MD, A. Thomas ezzella, MD, and Michael K. asque, MD University
More informationSubxiphoid robotic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis
Surgical Technique on Mediastinal Surgery Page 1 of 5 Subxiphoid robotic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis Takashi Suda Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake,
More informationIncremental Value of Multiple Arterial conduits in CABG
Incremental Value of Multiple Arterial conduits in CABG Nirav C Patel MD FRCS CTh Professor Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell Director of Robotic Cardiac Surgery Northwell Health Vice Chairman
More informationTehnique for Using Soft, Flexible Catheter Stents in Aortocoronary Vein Bypass Operations
Tehnique for Using Soft, Flexible Catheter Stents in Aortocoronary Vein Bypass Operations Louis G. Ludington, M.D., George Kafrouni, M.D., Merle H. Peterson, M.D., Joseph J. Verska, M.D., G. Arnold Mulder,
More informationCoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) without an
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on the Beating Heart Evaluated With Integrated Backscatter Kenichi Imasaka, MD, Shigeki Morita, MD, Ichiro Nagano, MD, Munetaka Masuda, MD, Ryuji Tominaga, MD, and Hisataka
More informationDistal Coronary Artery Dissection Following Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
Distal Coronary rtery Dissection Following Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary ngioplasty Douglas. Murphy, M.D., Joseph M. Craver, M.D., and Spencer. King 111, M.D. STRCT The most common cause of acute
More informationLeft Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Grafting via Left Anterior Small Thoracotomy Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Grafting via Left Anterior Small Thoracotomy Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass Antonio M. Calafiore, MD, Gabriele Di Giammarco, MD, Giovanni Teodori, MD, Giovanni
More informationRetrospective Study Of Redo Cardiac Surgery In A Single Centre. R Karthekeyan, K Selvaraju, L Ramanathan, M Rakesh, S Rao, M Vakamudi, K Balakrishnan
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology Volume 12 Number 2 Retrospective Study Of Redo Cardiac Surgery In A Single Centre R Karthekeyan, K Selvaraju, L Ramanathan, M Rakesh, S Rao, M Vakamudi,
More informationSubxiphoid robotic thymectomy procedure: tips and pitfalls
Review Article Page 1 of 5 Subxiphoid robotic thymectomy procedure: tips and pitfalls Takashi Suda Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan Correspondence
More informationRobotic-assisted right inferior lobectomy
Robotic Thoracic Surgery Column Page 1 of 6 Robotic-assisted right inferior lobectomy Shiguang Xu, Tong Wang, Wei Xu, Xingchi Liu, Bo Li, Shumin Wang Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northern Hospital,
More informationRobot-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting improves shortterm outcomes compared with minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting
Original Article Robot-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting improves shortterm outcomes compared with minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting Wenhui Gong*, Junfeng Cai*, Zhe Wang,
More informationParenchyma-sparing lung resections are a potential therapeutic
Lung Segmentectomy for Patients with Peripheral T1 Lesions Bryan A. Whitson, MD, Rafael S. Andrade, MD, and Michael A. Maddaus, MD Parenchyma-sparing lung resections are a potential therapeutic option
More informationPredictors, Causes, and Consequences of Conversions in Robotically Enhanced Totally Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
ORIGINAL ARTICLES: SURGERY: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery CME Program is located online at http://cme.ctsnetjournals.org. To take the CME activity related to this article, you must have either an STS
More informationCoronary artery bypass grafting traditionally is carried
Minimal Access Surgical Techniques in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Triple-Vessel Disease Pyng Jing Lin, MD, Chau-Hsiung Chang, MD, Jaw-Ji Chu, MD, Hui-Ping Liu, MD, Feng-Chun Tsai, MD, Fen-Chiung
More informationCORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT (CABG) MEASURES GROUP OVERVIEW
CONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT (CABG) MEASURES GROUP OVERVIEW 2015 PQRS OPTIONS F MEASURES GROUPS: 2015 PQRS MEASURES IN CONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT (CABG) MEASURES GROUP: #43 Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG):
More informationProcedure: Chest Tube Placement (Tube Thoracostomy)
Procedure: Chest Tube Placement (Tube Thoracostomy) Basic Information: The insertion and placement of a chest tube into the pleural cavity for the purpose of removing air, blood, purulent drainage, or
More informationObstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Richard A. Jonas, MD Children s National Medical Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Washington, DC. Address reprint requests to Richard A. Jonas,
More informationOff-pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCAB) constitutes
Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Bobby Yanagawa *, and John D. Puskas Off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCAB) constitutes a minority of surgical revascularization procedures performed world
More informationHybrid Coronary Revascularization Using Limited Incisional Full Sternotomy Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Multivessel Disease: Early Results
Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 214;47:16-11 ISSN: 2233-61X (Print) ISSN: 293-6516 (Online) Clinical Research http://dx.doi.org/1.59/kjtcs.214.47.2.16 Hybrid Coronary Revascularization Using Limited Incisional
More information10/14/2018 Dr. Shatarat
2018 Objectives To discuss mediastina and its boundaries To discuss and explain the contents of the superior mediastinum To describe the great veins of the superior mediastinum To describe the Arch of
More informationThe radial procedure was developed as an outgrowth
The Radial Procedure for Atrial Fibrillation Takashi Nitta, MD The radial procedure was developed as an outgrowth of an alternative to the maze procedure. The atrial incisions are designed to radiate from
More informationEarly and midterm results of totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting on the beating heart
Early and midterm results of totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting on the beating heart Changqing Gao, MD, Ming Yang, MD, Yang Wu, MD, Gang Wang, MD, Cangsong Xiao, MD, Yue Zhao, RN, and Jiali
More informationTSDA ACGME Milestones
TSDA ACGME Milestones Short MW and Edwards JA. Assessing resident milestones using a CASPE March 2012 Short MW and Edwards JA. Assessing resident milestones using a CASPE March 2012 Short
More informationMinimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting
Intraoperative Angiography to Assess Graft Patency After Minimally Invasive Coronary Bypass James A. Goldstein, MD, Robert D. Safian, MD, Darius Aliabadi, MD, William W. O Neill, MD, Francis L. Shannon,
More informationPercutaneous coronary intervention of RIMA. The real challenge!
Percutaneous coronary intervention of RIMA The real challenge! Speaker's name: I do not have any potential conflict of interest Clinical Case 76-year old woman Previous History Actual Disease Diabetes
More informationRuijin robotic thoracic surgery: S segmentectomy of the left upper lobe
Case Report Page 1 of 5 Ruijin robotic thoracic surgery: S 1+2+3 segmentectomy of the left upper lobe Han Wu, Su Yang, Wei Guo, Runsen Jin, Yajie Zhang, Xingshi Chen, Hailei Du, Dingpei Han, Kai Chen,
More informationFacing Mitral Valve Surgery? Learn about minimally invasive da Vinci Surgery
Facing Mitral Valve Surgery? Learn about minimally invasive da Vinci Surgery The Condition: Mitral Valve Prolapse Your mitral valve separates the upper and lower chambers of the left side of your heart.
More informationRight sided VATS thymectomy: current standards of extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis
Review Article on Videothoracoscopic Surgery Page 1 of 5 Right sided VATS thymectomy: current standards of extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis Erkan Kaba 1, Tugba Cosgun 1, Kemal Ayalp 2, Mazen Rasmi
More informationOff-pump bypass grafting of the anterior descending
Thoracoscopic Harvest of the Internal Thoracic Artery: A Multicenter Experience in 218 Cases Francis G. Duhaylongsod, MD, William R. Mayfield, MD, and Randall K. Wolf, MD Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
More informationStrategies for Maintaining Hemodynamic Stability
Strategies for Maintaining Hemodynamic Stability During Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgical and Anesthetic Considerations from the Cardiac Surgery Team at The Lankenau Medical Center (Philadelphia,
More informationThe increased use of off-pump coronary artery bypass
Hemodynamic Changes During Posterior Vessel Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass: Comparison Between Deep Pericardial Sutures and Vacuum- Assisted Apical Suction Device Woo-Ik Chang, MD, Ki-Bong Kim, MD, Jin
More informationWe are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists. International authors and editors
We are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,500 108,000 1.7 M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our
More informationCARDIOCHIRURGIA MINI-INVASIVA: INVASIVA: efficacia per il paziente efficienza per la sanita. Dott. Davide Ricci
CARDIOCHIRURGIA MINI-INVASIVA: INVASIVA: efficacia per il paziente efficienza per la sanita Dott. Davide Ricci SC Cardiochirurgia U Universita degli Studi di Torino Minimally Invasive Surgical approaches
More informationLarge veins of the thorax Brachiocephalic veins
Large veins of the thorax Brachiocephalic veins Right brachiocephalic vein: formed at the root of the neck by the union of the right subclavian & the right internal jugular veins. Left brachiocephalic
More informationShort Nuss bar procedure
Art of Operative Techniques Short Nuss bar procedure Hans Kristian Pilegaard 1,2 1 Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark; 2 Department of
More informationModernizing the Mitral Valve: Advances in Robotic and Minimally Invasive Cardiac Repair
Transcript Details This is a transcript of an educational program accessible on the ReachMD network. Details about the program and additional media formats for the program are accessible by visiting: https://reachmd.com/programs/medical-breakthroughs-from-penn-medicine/modernizing-mitral-valveadvances-robotic-minimally-invasive-cardiac-repair/7686/
More informationOPCABG for Full Myocardial Revascularisation How we do it
OPCABG for Full Myocardial Revascularisation How we do it 28 th SHA Conferance Dr.Farouk Oueida Head of Cardiac Surgery Dept. SBCC-Dammam KSA The Less Invasive CABG Full Revascularisation Full Sternotomy
More informationAnesthetic Considerations in Robotic Cardiac Anesthesia
Anesthetic Considerations in Robotic Cardiac Anesthesia Laurence Schachter*, MD and Robert Poston#, MD *Chief, Division of Cardiovascular Anesthesia; #Chairman, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery St.
More informationComparison of Flow Differences amoiig Venous Cannulas
Comparison of Flow Differences amoiig Venous Cannulas Edward V. Bennett, Jr., MD., John G. Fewel, M.S., Jose Ybarra, B.S., Frederick L. Grover, M.D., and J. Kent Trinkle, M.D. ABSTRACT The efficiency of
More informationAnatomy of thoracic wall
Anatomy of thoracic wall Topographic Anatomy of the Thorax 1 Bones of Thoracic wall ribs 1-7"true" ribs -those which attach directly to the sternum true ribs actually attach to the sternum by means of
More information