Ambient MS Technologies for Natural Products Authentication

Transcription

1 Ambient MS Technologies for Natural Products Authentication Mark N Groudas VP Americas Field Operations 26 th July Waters Corporation 1

2 Natural Products 2017 Waters Corporation 2

3 Global Market for Herbal Medicines Global sales of herbal medicine: more than 83 billion USD (WHO, 2011) Global Dietary Supplement Market 2014: $61.84 Billion USD Predicted Dietary Supplement Market for 2020: $84.8 Billon USD (Future market insight- FMI) Reasons for popularity Perception of safe being natural, cheap, ready availability and effective Converted into many different formulations (ginseng cream, pills, drinks etc.) 2017 Waters Corporation 3

4 Polarized Misconceptions Herbal Products/Natural Products # are safe because of their natural origin # are dubious because they are not regulated Results: Confused consumers Worried physicians Excited industry critics and media 2017 Waters Corporation 4

5 # NOT REGULATED Botanicals and Dietary Supplements regulations The Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive (THMPD) enforced by the European Union (EU) in 2011 Prior Registration: Evidence of its use for specified condition for at least 30 years, including minimum of 15 years in Europe 1994 DSHEA: Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act US Congress amended the FD&C Act that apply only to dietary supplements and dietary ingredients of dietary supplements Rollout of 21 CFR Part 111 (CGMP Requirements for Dietary Supplement Manufacturing, Packaging, Holding, and Distributing) occurred in Waters Corporation 5

6 # Natural = safe? Natural safe Factors affecting safety of herbal medicine 1,2 Presence of undeclared drugs and/or their synthetic analogues Presence of toxic contaminants such as toxic heavy metals, pesticides, microorganisms and microbial toxins Intrinsic toxicity of botanicals Potential risk of herb-drug and/or herb-drug-food interactions Incorrect preparation and/or dosage, Inappropriate labeling FDA tainted database, Feb, Patel DN et al., Clin. Toxicol. 2012; 50: Willett KL et al., Toxicol Sci. 2004; 79: Waters Corporation 6

7 Authentication: commonly reported issues Adulteration/substitution with fillers, substandard and/or closely related species Adding wrong plant part or already extracted materials Spiking active pharmaceutical ingredient at therapeutic levels June 10th, 2014 // 1:13 jmpickett 2017 Waters Corporation 7

8 Authentication methods Macroscopic/ organoleptic Secondary root Primary root WHO monograph (Turmeric) Botanical microscopy Best to detect fillers such as Mg stearate, maltodextrin, cellulose 2017 Waters Corporation 8

9 Chemical methods Spectroscopy Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Hyphenatedtechniques Genetic testing UV-Vis HPTLC Direct Infusion GC/MS DNAB FTIR HPLC DART LC/MS DNA-NGS FTNIR SFC ASAP LC/HRMS NMR GC LC/IMS- HRMS 2017 Waters Corporation 9

10 Authentication methods Ingredients Botanicals Identity Finished Products Bulk Finished Products What tests do I need to do to verify botanical identity? Microscopy? Chemical testing? DNAB testing? HRMS? Organoleptic? 2017 Waters Corporation 10

11 The answer: It s complicated Ingredients Botanicals Whole plant Whole Plant Part Cut or Powdered Extract Wildcrafted vs. Cultivated Identity Finished Products Bulk Finished Products Country & Region of Origin Taxonomically similar species Known economic adulterants Maturity of plant at harvest Multi-Herb Blend 2017 Waters Corporation 11

12 What about botanical extracts and other nonbotanical ingredients? 2017 Waters Corporation 12

13 Extraction Now what? Extracts Extracts Extracts 2017 Waters Corporation 13

14 Extracts require us to employ chemical analysis Macroscopic Chemical Analysis Microscopic 2017 Waters Corporation 14

15 Botanical extracts considerations Solvent Ingredients Botanicals Heat Filtration Identity Finished Products Botanical Extracts Excipients Supercritical CO 2 Distillation Single-Ingredient Multi-Ingredient (TCM, Ayurveda) Bulk Finished Products Non-Botanical Ingredients Microencapsulation Phytosome Crude extract Purified extract 2017 Waters Corporation 15

16 Chemical methods Spectroscopy Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Hyphenatedtechniques Genetic testing UV-Vis HPTLC Direct Infusion LC/MS DNAB FTIR FTNIR NMR Which technique is best? HPLC DART LC/HRMS Which technique is best? appropriate? GC GC/MS Which LC/IMS- SFC technique ASAP is most HRMS DNA- NGS 2017 Waters Corporation 16

17 Many considerations Sensitivity Time-toresult Specificity Cost Sample Matrix Established methods Impurities Accuracy Ease-of-use Available equipment Compound class Known Adulterants 2017 Waters Corporation 17

18 Direct Mass spectrometry Techniques 2017 Waters Corporation 18

19 Direct sample analysis using MS Ambient ionization techniques for direct sample analysis Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP) Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) Desorption Electrospray Ionization (DESI) Generates total MS spectra fingerprints HRMS instruments preferred 2017 Waters Corporation 19

20 Ambient ionization with nominal mass MS DART-QDa Application 2017 Waters Corporation 20

21 DART Background DART - Direct Analysis in Real Time Ambient ionization Little to no sample prep needed No chromatography Different mechanisms of introducing the sample into the mass spectrometer Liquid samples on QuickStrip card Solid samples held in front of DART source Thermal desorption of analytes by hot gas stream APCI-like ionization from corona pin discharge M+H and M-H are typical ions formed 2017 Waters Corporation 21

22 QDa What is it? QDa is a single-quad mass detector designed for chromatographers and intended for routine use 2017 Waters Corporation 22

23 DART-QDa Sampling Options Solid Sampling Liquid Sampling Aroma Sampling Sampling Cone DART Source Liquid Sampling QDA Mass Spectrometer Flavored Sample 2017 Waters Corporation 23

24 DART Cinnamon Analysis Whole cinnamon sticks Held directly in front of the DART source Ground cinnamon Sampled directly onto the QuickStrip screen Rub powdered sample onto screen using cotton swab to prevent clogging of QDa cone o Most of the sample falls through the screen but a residue is left behind for sampling 2017 Waters Corporation 24

25 Facts about Cinnamon Cinnamon is commonly adulterated Cinnamon is actually the bark of the Cinnamomum tree Four species of cinnamon C. Verum or Ceylon True Cinnamon C. Burmannii or Korintje Indonesian cinnamon C. Loureiroi Saigon cinnamon C. Cassia Chinese cinnamon This is the adulterant commonly used Ceylon is the only cinnamon that does not contain high levels of coumarin Precursor in the synthesis of coumadin (anticoagulant) Hepatotoxic compound Possible carcinogen 2017 Waters Corporation 25

26 Cinnamon Sticks 133 Cinnamaldehyde 147 Coumarin C. Verum True Cinnamon 147 Coumarin 133 Cinnamaldehyde C. Burmannii Korintje cinnamon 2017 Waters Corporation 26

27 Ambient ionization with exact mass MS ASAP-QTOF Application 2017 Waters Corporation 27

28 Atmospheric Pressure Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP) Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Direct sample analysis Fast (<1 minute) No sample prep No chromatography Solids and liquids 2017 Waters Corporation 28

29 Example 1: Herbal Dietary Supplement Samples Analyzed by ASAP: Screening for PDE-5 Inhibitors 8_5_20a 41 (1.368) 100 % Tadalafil TOF MS AP+ 1.95e5 8_5_20a ;475 TOF MS AP+ BPI 7.39e5 8_5_20a 81 (2.736) 100 % Sildenafil TOF MS AP+ 3.82e6 8_5_20a 128 (4.344) 100 % % 0 8_5_20a 211 (7.182) TOF MS AP e6 5 Analogue of sildenafil C23H33N6O3S2 0 m/z % 3 8_5_20a 168 (5.712) TOF MS AP+ Sildenafil 1.41e6 and Tadalafil TOF MS AP+ Tadalafil 6.48e5 and Sildenafil % Time 2017 Waters Corporation 29

30 Summary: Ambient Ionization Methods Ambient ionization allows direct sample analysis Powder Liquid Applicable for all MS platforms Qtof MS Quadruple MS (Tandem Q, Single Q, Qda) Remarkable high sample throughput Minimum or no sample prep required No LC separation time is required Ideal tool for routine fast screening Limited scope in quantitative analysis and trace determination Difficulty in analyzing complex sample (having multiple ingredients, isomeric species, ion suppression) 2017 Waters Corporation 30

31 Acknowledgement Dr.Jimmy Yuk Dr. Giorgis Isaac Dr. Kate Yu Dr. Kerri Smith Mr. James Traub Mr. Mark Wrona Dr. Karri Organtini Dr. Lirui (Kevin) Qiao Mr. Mark Ritchie Mr. Kevin Cho Waters Corporation, USA Waters Corporation, USA Waters Corporation, USA Waters Corporation, USA Waters Corporation, USA Waters Corporation, USA Waters Corporation, USA Waters, China Waters, Asia HQ, Singapore Waters, Korea 2017 Waters Corporation 31

32 Thank you!! 2017 Waters Corporation 32