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1 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES (Int. J. of Pharm. Life Sci.) Medicinal plants used in the treatment of some common diseases by the Kanwar tribal people in Chhuriya block Rajnandgaon district of Chhattisgarh Sohan Lal 1 and Maheshwar Singh Sahu 2 1, Department of Botany, Govt. Dr.B.S.B.A.College, Dongargaon, Dist. Rajnandgaon, (CG) India 2, Department of Botany, Govt.G.S.G.P.G. College, Balod, (CG) India Abstract The present study mainly focused on the indigenous treatment of some common diseases by the Kanwar tribalsof block Chhuriya,district Rajnandgaon of Chhattisgarh state.about 33 plant species belonging to 24different families were recorded. Majority of the plant species described in the present paper were used in the treatment of Abscess, Boils, Burn treatment, Cuts, wounds, Eczema, Itching, Leprosy, Ring worm, Scabies, Skin disease, Chicken-pox, pimples stone, paralysis and gastro-intestinal diseases. Most of the herbal remedies were applied externally in the form of paste. There is an urgent need to explore and document the ethno medicinal plants used by the tribal and other communities of Chhattisgarh before such valuable knowledge vanishes. Keywords: Ethno botany, Kanwar Tribal, Traditional knowledge, Chhuriya Block flora Introduction The central India forms one of the major ecosystems of the India subcontinent and constitutes a large tract of tropical dry deciduous and tropical moist deciduous forest types. The distinct tribes have rich indigenous traditional knowledge system on the uses of component of biodiversity for their daily sustenance like food, fodder, shelter and healthcare. The knowledge and utilization of local plants depends on the ethnic group they belong to and also their remoteness from the modern world. Botanically derived medicinal plants have played a major role in human societies throughout history and prehistory but with the development of modern civilization, use of allopathic drugs is at increasing rate and use of herbal drugs is either restricted to few communities or areas only. The common tribal communities of area are Baiga, Gond, Bharia, Bhils, and Oraon. They are partially or completely dependent on forest product for their survival (Chopra et al., 1969, Jain, 1989). These wild plants meet most requirements from food to medicine, both men and domestic animals. * Corresponding Author E.mail.: sohangurupanch2753@gmail.com The use of large number of wild plants species to fulfill diverse requirement is largely due to the prevalence of diversity of vegetation in this subcontinent with dense humid tropical and temperate forest (Jain 1981). Gond tribal societies, related to sterility, conception, abortion etc. and the use of abort-facients. Very little work has been done on the ethno-gynecological use of plants in the treatment and health care program of women as evidenced by the literature and references (Sahu, 2010). The Rajnandgaon district of Chhattisgarh state is famous for natural resources, tribes and rich biodiversity. It is situated in N and E in the centre of the Chhattisgarh covering an area of 6, 39,628sq. k.m. It was formed on 26th January in 1973 by separating from the Durg district. It was originally called Nandgram. The river Shivnath and its tributaries Kharkhara, Sonbarsa, Amner, Surhi, Karra, Murkati, Sankari, Fonk and Hanf flow through the district.the main tribal area of Rajnandgaon is block Chhuriya it is full of natural beauty. Chhuriya is a located of south central in Rajnandgaon dist. of Chhattisgarh state. The latitude and Longitude are the geocoordinate of Chhuriya block. The total villages of this area are 218 and total population is ,the male population is and female population is and the ST population is 42. /. And 10./. People of Kanwar 5919

2 Chhuriya block. Chhattisgarhwhich has diversified topography, variable climatic condition, vast forest area and large ruler population including tribal communities provides an interesting area ethnobotanical studies. for Fig. 1: Showing map of study aria Rajnandgaon Distic Location of Chhuriya block. 5920

3 Material and Methods Observations are based on surveys conducted in Kanwar tribe dominated areas of block Chhuriya, district Rajnandgaon of Chhattisgarh state.district during 2017 July- April Group interviews were organized bringing plants from selected locality and showing or talking local medicine men in to the forest, as suggested by Jain7. Information regarding plant i.e. local name, parts used, method of drug preparation, doses etc was gathered from the tribals S/No. Family Botanical name Local name as well as medicine men Baidyas. The plant specimens collected have been identified taxonomically taking references from authentic published literature and regional flora. Herbarium specimens prepared following the standard method. Observation The identified and collected plant samples were arranged and documented according to their local names, in different tribal and local languages Habit Part of Use Use 1 Asphodelaceae Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Ghritkumari Herb Leaf The leaf Juice given in treatment for intestinal worms in children. 2 Amaranthaceae Aerva lenata (L.) Juss. Ex Schult Bhithodi Herb Flower Flower used of paralysis control. 3 Anacardiaceace Mangifera indica Aam Tree Seed Seed pest used of skin & wound problem control. 4 Asteraceae Chrysanthemum Sevanti Herb Whole Pest applies of wound control of few days. indicum part 5 Caricaceae Carica papaya Papita Shrub Fruit Ripening fruits used daily control of eyes problem, Diabetes. 6 Combretaceae Terminalia chebula Harra Tree Fruit Anticancer, wound healing, Cold Cough use Retz. of fruit powder. 7 Convolvulaceae Cuscuta reflexa Roxb Amarbel Herb Stem Stem juice control of Piliya Disease Ipomoea aquatic Karmata Herb Leaf Leaf vegetable control of Paralyses disease Forssk. control. Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. 8 Crassulaceae Bryophyllum pinnatum ( Lam.) oken 9 Euphorbiaceae Embalica officinalis Kanda bhaji Herb Leaf Ipomoea batatas, Sida wadifolli, Ipomoea aquatic leaves mix of bone facture treatment of with pest apply bone jointer. patharachur Herb Leaf Hemorrhoids control of young leaves taken a few day. Amala Tree Fruit Fruits powder used of digestive system, blood purification. Euphorbia hirta Dudhi Herb leaf Leaves pest apply of skin and mucous membranes disease. Ricinus communis Arnadi Shrub Leaf Leaves Juice used protect damage liver recovery. 10 Fabaceae Butea monosperma Palas Tree Seed& Malaria, Hemorrhoids, control. (Lam.) taub Flower Cassia fistula Amaltas Tree flower Flower juice used 500.m.l. water mix few day treatment of diabetes peasant. Cassia tora (L.) Roxb Charota Herb Fruit Fruits Powder use Liver & heart tonic. Macrotyloma Kulthi Herb Seed, Stone control of few day use. uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. Tarnarindus indica Imli Tree Leaf Leaves used in herbal tea taken of malaria fever control. 11 Lamiaceae Ocimum sanctum Tulsi Herb Leaf Tulsi young leaf can also be made into tea 5921

4 with a few drops of honey mix control of cough. 12 Linaceae Linum usitatissimum Alsi Herb Seed Oil used Asthma & Heart treatment 13 Malvaceae Sida wadifolli Burm Beliyaari Herb Leaf Bones joint treatment 14 Meliaceae Azardirachta indica Neem Tree Leaf, Wound and skin worm control of leaf pest seed and oil use. 15 Menispemaceae Tinospora cordifolia ( Thunb. ) Miers Gilloy Herb Leaf Leaf Juice used in daily use treatment of blood sugar control. 16 Moraceae Ficus religiosa Pipal Tree Fruit Fruits powder treatment of Asthma. 17 Myristicaceae Myristica fragrans Jaiphal Tree Leaf Young leaves pest you of wound and bone Houtt. join used. 18 Papaveraceae Argemone maxicana Pilikateri Herb Seed Seeds are purgative used in skin disease. 19 Plumbaginaceae Plumbago auriculata Chitrak Herb Leaf Leaves powder mix with water treatment Lam. digestive system. 20 Poaceae Cynodon dactylon Dubrgass Herb Leaf Malaria fever control of leaf juice one spoon few days. 21 Rutaceae Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa. Bel, Sirphal Tree Leaf Leaf Juice mix with honey used during fever & cold. Murraya Kuenigii (L) Mithaneem Shrub Leaf Leaf Pest used Damage skin & skin. Sprengel 22 Solanaceae Datura metal Dhatura Herb Leaf Leaf heat and mustarded oil mix of body part control of hand Pain back ache problem. 23 Zingiberaceae Curcuma longa Haldi Herb Flower Flower juice in boil water mix applies with control of Piliya disease. 24 Zygophyllaceae Teribulus terrestris gokharan Herb Seed Stone control of few day use. Results and Discussion The paper reports were documented of ethno botanical uses of 33 plant species are described in which different parts of plants are used for different e,meliaceae,malvaceae,linaceae,lamiaceae,crassula ceae,combretaceae,caricaceae,asteraceae,anacardia ceace,amaranthaceae, andasphodelaceae.(1 species each). The first-hand information on the medicinal purposes for traditional medicine by people etc. 20 plants used by the villagers was arranged Herb, 09 Trees, 3 Shrub, are reported. For each species botanical name, family, local name, parts alphabetically by genus and species name following as. used, methods of preparation, administration and ailments treated are provided. Traditional healers are using these plants to cure many diseases like Habit stomachache, headache, diarrhea, fertility problems, skin problems, cold, fever, cough, toothache, jaundice, wounds, diabetes, asthma, tuberculosis, bone fractures, urinary problems, and piles and poison (snake and scorpion) bites. Family wise distribution of medicinal plants shows Fabaceae is most dominant families with 5 species each and Herb Tree Shrub Euphorbiaceae was co- dominant family with 3 species, Convolvulaceae (03 species each), whilerutaceae, (2 species each), Zygophyllaceae, Fig. 2: Distribution of plant as per their habit Zingiberaceae,Solanaceae,Poaceae,Plumbaginaceae,P apaveraceae,myristicaceae,moraceae,menispemacea 5922

5 PLANT PARTS USED Whole plant (01), leaf (17), seed (6), flower (04), Stem part (01), Fruits (05). Conclusion Earlier studies on traditional medicinal plants also revealed that the economically backward local and tribal people of Chhuriya prefer folk medicine due to low cost and sometimes it is a part of their social life and culture. It is evident from the interviews conducted in different villages; knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants is limited to traditional healers, herbalists and elderly persons who are living in rural areas. This study concluded that even though the accessibility of medicine for simple and complicated diseases is available, many people in the studied parts of Rajnandgaon district still continue to depend on medicinal plants, at least for the treatment of some simple diseases i.e. cold, cough, fever, headache, poison bites, skin diseases and tooth infections. Well knowledge healers have good interactions with patients and this would improve the quality of healthcare deli- very. Due to lack of interest among the younger generation as well as their tendency to migrate to cities for lu- crative jobs, there is a possibility of losing this wealth of knowledge in the near future. It thus becomes neces- sary to acquire and preserve this traditional system of medicine by proper documentation and identification of specimen. Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to Kanwar Tribals of the block Chhuriya, district Rajnandgaon of Chhattisgarh statefor their co-operation and sharing Traditional Knowledge during research work. Fabaceae Asphodelaceae 5 Euphorbiaceae Amaranthaceae Convolvulaceae Anacardiaceace 4 Rutaceae 3 Asteraceae Zygophyllaceae 2 Caricaceae Zingiberaceae, 1 Combretaceae 0 Solanaceae Family present of plant species, Crassulaceae Poaceae, Lamiaceae Plumbaginaceae Linaceae Papaveraceae Malvaceae Myristicaceae Meliaceae Moraceae Menispemaceae Fig. 3: Family wise number of Ethnomedicinal plans found in study area References 1. A.K. Shrivastava*, P. Bansode and S. Patra (2018) Plants used by tribal people of Chhattisgarh for Gynecological disorders, Indian J. Applied & Pure Bio. Vol. 33(1), AmieTirkey,Vivek Kumar, R.L.S.Sikarwar& S.K.Jain (2006) - Ethnobotanical research in Chhattisgarh A conspectus. Ethnobotany Vol. 18, Zachary, and V. Sharma, (2012) Plants used by kamar, Gond and halba tribe of Dhamtari district of Chhattisgarh for relief of sickle cell disease Recent Research in Science and Technology, 4(3): Ahirwar, R.K. (2015) Diversity of Ethnomedicinal Plants in Boridand Forest of District Korea, Chhattisgarh, India. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 6, Brij, L. (1993) Ethno-Botany of Baigas of Madhya Pradesh: A Preliminary Report. Arunachal Pradesh Forest News, 11, Chopra R.N., Chopra I.C., Handa K.L., Kapur L.D. (1982). Indigenous Drugs of India. Second edition (Reprinted) Academic Publishers, New Delhi. 7. Chopra R.N., Chopra I. C., Verma V.C. (1969). Supplement to the Glossary of Indian medicinal plants. CSIR, New Delhi. 5923

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