Angiospermic flora studies from B.S. Abdur Rahman University campus

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1 Volume 20(1), 1-16, 2016 JOURNL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology ngiospermic flora studies from B.S. bdur Rahman University campus G. viji 1 * 1 Research scholar, School of Life sciences, Seethakathi Estate, Vandalur, Chennai , Tamilnadu, India *Corresponding uthor id: viji.m6@gmail.com bstract In this study, we have taken angiospermic flora survey around non-building constructed area of B.S. bdur Rahman University campus, Seethakathi estate, Vandalur, Chennai. This esteemed university has good vegetation. The availability of abundance of plants and their binominal name, family name, habit along with the IUCN red list category plants should be documented. In this study area total 111 species belonging to 94 genera in 42 families are reported. Moreover families with maximum number of species were included Fabaceae (10 species) and Euphorbiaceae (10) followed by pocynaceae (7), raceae and recaceae, (5), maranthaceae, steraceae, Bignoniaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Verbenaceae (4), Cyperaceae, Nyctaginaceaea, Rubiaceae (3), canthaceae, Commelinaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Violaceae (2), nacardiaceae, nnonaceae, sclepidaceae, sparagaceae, izoaceae, Boraginaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Combretaceae, Capparidaceae, Casuarinaceae, Convolvulaceae, Crassulaceae, Gisekiaceae, Lecythidaceae, Meliaceae, Oleaceae, Rhamnaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Sapindaceae, Solanaceae, Strelitziaceae and Oxalidaceae (1). In this study area Herb-49, Shrub-29, Tree-19, Creeper-6, Climber-4 were observed. mong all the plants, we have identified IUCN Red list category plants Borassus flabellifer L. is the most endangered species extinction recorded in the study-iucn 2012; Status: Endangered B2ab(iii); D ver.3.1) followed by Kyllinga nemoralis- IUCN 2013; Status: Threatened ver. 3.1), donidia merrillii-iucn 1998; Status: Lower risk/ near Threatened ver. 2.3), cacia auriculiformis Benth.-IUCN 2012; Status: Least concern ver. 3.1), Bauhinia Purpurea L.-IUCN 2012; Status: Least concern ver. 3.1), Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott-IUCN 2013; Status: Least concern ver.3.1), Commelina benghalensis L.-IUCN 2013; Status: Least concern ver.3.1), Couroupita guianensis ubl.-iucn 1998; Status: Lower Risk/Least concern ver. 2.3), Cyperus iria L.-IUCN 2014; Status: Least concern ver.3.1), Cyperus rotundus L.-IUCN 2013; Status: Least concern ver.3.1), Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.-IUCN 2014; Status: Data Deficient ver. 3.1), Erythrina variegate L.-IUCN 2012; Status: Least concern ver. 3.1), Euphorbia milii Des Moul.-IUCN 2004; Status: Data Deficient ver. 3.1), Mangifera indica L.-IUCN 1998; Status: Data Deficient ver. 2.3), Mimosa pudica L.-IUCN 2012; Status: Least concern ver. 3.1), Pongamia pinnata-iucn 2012; Status: Least concern ver. 3.1), Saccharum spontaneum L.-IUCN 2013; Status: Least concern ver. 3.1) from B.S. bdur Rahman University. For the past 30 years university have been maintaining all the plants; the ornamental plants are undergoing proper pruning, training and hence thereby conserving all the plants. Key words ngiospermic flora, B.S. bdur Rahman University, Conservation, IUCN Red list plants Plant biodiversity is an important concern for conservation globally because more pharmaceutical products and natural products are obtained from various plants for medicines (Taxol, Curcumin, and Quinone etc.). Tribal s dwelling is dependent on forest resources that include rich biodiversity of flora and fauna to meet their livelihood and healthcare needs. Natural herbal medicines have been used by tribal s to treat various diseases. (Durairaj Rekha et al., 2014). Globally, about 85% of the traditional medicines used for human healthcare are derived from medicinal plants. Traditional therapeutic and ethno botanical information play an important vital role in scientific research. (wadh et al., 2004). 1

2 India is one of the twelve mega-biodiversity countries of the world and having abundance of vegetation with a wide variety of plants with medicinal values. In most of the countries, scientific explore of medicinal plants have been initiated because of their immense contribution to healthcare needs. Herbal medicines have treated various diseases including skin diseases, diabetes, cancer, snake bites and hypertension etc. That they can save lives of many; particularly in the developing countries is undisputable (Patrick, 2004). The value of medicinal plants to the mankind is very well proven. It is estimated that 70% to 80% of the people worldwide rely chiefly on traditional health care system and largely on herbal medicines (Shanley and Luz, 2003). vailability of vegetation of the urban environment is important to determine existing resources and to set target for future improvements (Miller, 1996). Tree inventory and assessment of urban environment can be of great help for urban planning and conservation of important tree species (CY, 2006). Urbanization is one of the major reasons worldwide for destruction of the natural biodiversity. Urbanized areas can also have a high number of plant species (Sodhi et al., 2010). This study aims to make a qualitative floristic survey and prepare a checklist of angiospermic plant species of B.S. bdur Rahman University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu state, India. Materials and Methods Study area The qualitative angiospermic flora survey was carried out in about ~66 ha of B.S. bdur Rahman University ( 12 52'51"N latitude and 80 5'29"E longitude), established in the year of 1984, and is one of the oldest seat of higher learning in Tamil Nadu. It is located at the outskirts of Chennai. Moreover adjacent to the University the famous ringnar nna Zoological Park is present. Fig. 1. Map showing localization of the B. S. bdur Rahman University in the world and showing the vegetation cover the university Rainfall The Chennai city is experiencing tropical dissymmetric climate and receiving bulk of rainfall season during the north east monsoon (September-December). verage annual rainfall received by the city is ~1,300 mm. The maximum temperature is 37 C to 40 C in summer and 27 C in winter. Soil In the university red soil comprises the maximum percentage; basically red soils are derived from crystalline rock. In India red soil is the second largest soil group covering an area of 6.1 lakhs sq.km (18.6 % of India area). Being situated near to the sea so there is abundance of humidity and moisture and promotes plant growth. Data collection For plant collection regular field visits were made during the month of September to June 2015 to explore the floristic data of the university campus. 2

3 Further the plants are listed in alphabetical order, later plant Species were identified using by regional floras (Gamble ; Matthew 1991; Nair et al., 1983; Henry et al. 1987; 1989). ). ll plants binominal name, family name, habit, should be documented. Total documented plant species binomial name and author citation were checked thoroughly with IPNI (International Plant Names Index) (Muthulingam et al., 2011). Results and Discussions ngiospermic flora survey results revealed the presence of 110 species belonging to 94 genera in 42 families were reported. Moreover families with maximum number of species were included Fabaceae (10 species) and Euphorbiaceae (10) followed by pocynaceae (7), raceae and recaceae, (5), maranthaceae, steraceae, Bignoniaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae and Verbenaceae (4), Cyperaceae, Nyctaginaceaea and Rubiaceae (3), canthaceae, Commelinaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Violaceae (2), nacardiaceae, nnonaceae, sclepidaceae, sparagaceae, izoaceae, Boraginaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Combretaceae, Capparidaceae, Casuarinaceae, Convolvulaceae, Crassulaceae, Gisekiaceae, Lecythidaceae, Meliaceae, Oleaceae, Rhamnaceae, Scrophulariaceae Sapindaceae, Solanaceae, Strelitziaceae and Oxalidaceae (1). However, in this study area Herb-49, Shrub-29, Tree- 19, Creeper-6, Climber-4, are presented (Figure. 2) and important plants are documented. (Figure 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11). ll plant species have been arranged in alphabetical order and their binominal name, family name, habit, IUCN Red list category plants should be documented (Table.1). Similar to this.v.v.m Sri Pushpam College Campus has good vegetation status and the availability of medicinal plants and uses should be documented. In all nearly 170 species belonging to 154 genera in 61 families were reported. In this study area total Herb-75, Tree-44, Shrub-37, Climber-8, Climbing Herb-2, Climbing Shrub-2 and Creeper-2 are present. (Durairaj and nnamalai., 2014). In this study area, Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae is dominant family total 10 species were presented. Our results similar to this, Fabaceae are dominant family in Chennai district, MCC (Madras Christian College) and PC-(Pachaiyappa s College) with 87, 59 and 31 species respectively (Muthulingam et al., 2011). s well as our results same to this, in.v.v.m Sri Pushpam College Campus, Fabaceae was the dominant family represented by about 25 % with 20 species followed by Solanaceae (11% with 9 species), steraceae (9% with 7 species), Poaceae (9% with 7 species), Malvaceae (8% with 6 species), Cucurbitaceae (8% with 6 species), Lamiaceae (8% with 6 species), maranthaceae (8% with 6 species), Euphorbiaceae (8% with 6 species) and pocynaceae by 6 % with 5 species each respectively.(durairaj and nnamalai., 2014). In this study area, dominant tree species also included Kigelia africana, Tectona grandis, Tamarindus indicus, lbizia lebbeck, Polyalthia longifolia, zadirechta indica, cacia auriculiformis, Pongamia pinnata, Terminalia catappa, Cocus nucifera. Shrubs include calypha amantacea, Codiaeum variegatum, Duranta plumierii, Nerium oderum, Hamelia patens, Herbs includes calypha indica, maranthus viridis, maranthus spinosus, Tecomaria capensis, Cynodon dactylon, Phyllanthus niruri, Phyllanthus maderaspatensis, Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia diffusa, Euphorbia heterophylla, Hybanthus enneaspermus, Scrophularia dulcis, and Gomphrena celoisiodes. Creeper includes Cardiospermum helicacabbum. Our results are same to this, in.v.v.m Sri Pushpam College Campus have very good vegetation then in this study area dominant tree species included Mangifera indica, Polyalthia longifolia, Samanea saman, zadirechta indica, Cocas nucifera, and rtocarpus heterophyllus. Shrubs include Duranta erecta, Pennisetum typhoides, Tabernaemontana divaricata. Herbs include Cleome aspera, Mimosa pudica, Mollugo nudicaulis, Phyla nodiflora, Cynodon dactylon, Tephrosia purpurea, Commelina ensifolia, Leucas aspera, Datura matel, chyranthus aspera, Tridax procumbens etc., Creeper include Rhynchosia minima, Oldenlandia wightii etc., (Durairaj and nnamalai., 2014). mong all plants species, we have identified IUCN Red list category plants Borassus flabellifer L. is the most endangered species extinction recorded in the study-iucn 2012; Status: Endangered B2ab(iii); D ver.3.1) followed by Kyllinga nemoralis- IUCN 2013; Status: Threatened ver. 3.1), donidia merrillii-iucn 1998; Status: Lower risk/ near Threatened ver. 2.3), cacia auriculiformis Benth.-IUCN 2012; Status: Least concern ver. 3.1), Bauhinia Purpurea L.-IUCN 2012; Status: Least concern ver. 3.1), Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott-IUCN 2013; Status: Least concern ver.3.1), Commelina benghalensis L.-IUCN 2013; Status: Least concern ver.3.1), Couroupita guianensis ubl.-iucn 1998; Status: Lower Risk/Least concern ver. 2.3), Cyperus iria L.-IUCN 2014; Status: Least concern ver.3.1), Cyperus rotundus L.-IUCN 2013; Status: Least concern ver.3.1), Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.-IUCN 2014; Status: Data Deficient ver. 3.1), Erythrina variegate L.-IUCN 2012; Status: Least concern ver. 3.1), Euphorbia milii Des Moul.- IUCN 2004; Status: Data Deficient ver. 3.1), Mangifera indica L.-IUCN 1998; Status: Data Deficient ver. 2.3), Mimosa pudica L.-IUCN 2012; Status: Least concern ver. 3.1), Pongamia pinnata- IUCN 2012; Status: Least concern ver. 3.1), Saccharum spontaneum L.-IUCN 2013; Status: Least concern ver. 3.1) from B.S. bdur Rahman University. Our results correlate to this, IUCN Red list category plants from Pachaiyappa s College, Delonix 3

4 regia (IUCN 2009; Status: Vulnerable B1+2c ver. 2.3), Guaiacum officinale (IUCN 2009; Status: Endangered C2a ver. 2.3) (Muthulingam et al., 2011) and Pterospermum canescens and Sansevieria roxburghiana (endemic to CC, Parthasarathy et al., 2008) (Figure. 3). Table 1 ngiospermic plant species of B.S. bdur Rahman University campus S.NO BOTNICL NME FMILY NME HBIT brus precatorius L. Fabaceae Climber - 2. calypha amantacea Roxb Euphorbiaceae Shrub - 3. calypha indica L. Euphorbiaceae Herb - 4. cacia auriculiformis.cum.ex Benth. Fabaceae Tree LC 5. donidia merrillii Becc. recaceae Shrub LC/nt IUCN RED LIST 6. glaenema communatum Schott raceae Herb - 7. lbizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Fabaceae Tree - 8. llamanda schottii pohl pocynaceae Shrub - 9. lternanthera Philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb maranthaceae Herb maranthus spinosus L. maranthaceae Herb maranthus viridis L. maranthaceae Herb ndrographis echioides Nees canthaceae Herb nnona reticulata L. nnonaceae Shrub zadirecta indica. Juss. Meliaceae Tree Bauhinia Purpurea L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree LC 16. Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae Herb Boerhavia erecta L. Nyctaginaceae Herb Borassus flabellifer L. recaceae Tree EN (B2abiii) 19. Bougainvillea spectabilis Wild. Nyctaginaceae Shrub Calotropis gigantea R.Br pocynaceae Shrub Cardiospermum helicacabum L. Sapindaceae Creeper Casuarina equisetifolia L. Casuarinaceae Tree Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don pocynaceae Herb Cleome viscosa L. Capparidaceae Herb Clitoria ternatea L. Fabaceae Creeper Cocus nucifera L. recaceae Tree Coccinia grandis L. Cucurbitaceae Creeper Codiaeum variegatum (L.). Juss Euphorbiaceae Shrub Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott raceae Shrub LC 30. Couropita guinensis ubl. Lecythidaceae Tree LR/LC 31. Commelina benghalensis L. Commelinaceae Herb LC 32. Crossandra infundibuliformis(l.)nees canthaceae Herb Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Herb Cyperus iria L. Cyperaceae Herb LC 35. Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae Herb LC 36. Dichantium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf Poaceae Herb Duranta plumieri Jacq. Verbenaceae Shrub Eclipta prostrata L. steraceae Herb DD 39. Epipremnum aureum (L.) Engl. raceae Climber Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) raceae Climber Ervatamia coranaria (Jacq.) Stapf pocynaceae Shrub Erythrina variegata L. Fabaceae Shrub LC 43. Euphorbia cyathophora Murray Euphorbiaceae Herb Euphorbia diffusa L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Euphorbia milii Des Moul. Euphorbiaceae Herb DD 47. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Tree Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Tree Furcraea gigantea Vent. sparagaceae Herb - 4

5 Table 1 (continuation) Gisekia pharnaceoides L. Gisekiaceae Herb Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbanaceae Tree Gomphrena celoisiodes C. Mart. maranthaceae Herb Hamelia patens Jacq. Rubiaceae Shrub Heliotropium indicum L. Boraginaceae Herb Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br. sclepidaceae Creeper Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Malvaceae Shrub Hibiscus Schizopetalus Hook.f. Malvaceae Shrub Hisbiscus vitifolius L. Malvaceae Shrub Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell Violaceae Herb Hybanthus stellarioides (Domin) P.I.Forst. Violaceae Herb Ipomoea trilobata L. Convolvulaceae Creeper Indigofera tinctoria L. Fabaceae Herb Jasminum sambac (Soland.) Oleaceae Shrub Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Crassulaceae Herb Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Bignoniaceae Tree Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R. Forst.) & G.Forst Cyperaceae Herb LC Dandy ex Hutch. & Dalziel 67. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Shrub Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link Lamiaceae Herb Luffa acutangula Cucurbitaceae Climber Mangifera indica L. nacardiaceae Tree DD 71. Mimosa pudica L. Fabaceae Herb LC 72. Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Bignoniaceae Tree Muhlenbergia glomerata (wild.) Trin. Poaceae Herb Nerium oleander L. pocynaceae Shrub Ocimum sanctum L. Lamiaceae Herb Oldenlandia umbellata L. Rubiaceae Herb Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalidaceae Herb Parthenium hysterophorous L. steraceae Herb Pavetta indica L. Rubiaceae Shrub Pergularia daemia (L.) Voigt pocynaceae Creeper Phoenix pusilla Roxb. recaceae Herb Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. recaceae Tree Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Phyllanthus niruri L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Pithocellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Fabaceae Tree Plumeria rubra L. pocynaceae Shrub Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites nnonaceae Tree Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Fabaceae Tree LC 89. Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Tree Racinus communes L. Euphorbiaceae Shrub Ravenalla madagascariensis J.F. Gmel. Strelitziaceae Shrub Saccharum spontaneum L. Poaceae Shrub LC 93. Scoparia dulcis L. Scrophulariaceae Herb Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Fabaceae Shrub Sida acuta Burm.f. Malvaceae Herb Solanum nigrum L. Solanaceae Herb Solanum torvum Sw. Solanaceae Shrub Stachytarpheta indica (L.) Vahl Verbenaceae Shrub Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae Shrub Syngonium podophyllum Schott raceae Herb 100. Tamarindus indica L. Fabaceae Tree Tecoma stans (L.) Bignoniaceae Shrub Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Lindl. Bignoniaceae Herb - 5

6 Table 1 (continuation) Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Shrub Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae Tree Tradescantia pallida L. Commelinaceae Herb Trianthema portulacastrum L. izoceae Herb Tridax procumbens L. steraceae Herb Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. steraceae Herb Waltheria indica L. Verbenaceae Herb Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Rhamnaceae Shrub - Fig. 2. Habit wise distribution of plant species at B. S. bdur Rahman University B C D 6

7 E F G H I J 7

8 K L M Fig..3. IUCN Red list plants. Mangifera indica L., B. donidia merrillii Becc., C. Cyperus rotundus L., D. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, E. Saccharum spontaneum L., F. Commelina benghalensis L., G. Euphorbia milii Des Moul, H. Bauhinia purpurea L., I. Colacasia esculenta (L.) Schott, J. cacia auriculiformis. Cum. ex Benth., K. Couropita guinensis ubl. L. Borassus flafellifer L., M. Kylinga nemoralis (J.R. Forst.) G. Forst Dandy ex Hutch. & Dalziel, 8

9 C E G B D F H Fig..4.. Ipomea trilobata L., B. Cardiospermum helicacabbum L., C. Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. D. Racinus communes L., E. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br., F. Tridax procumbens L. G. Gomphrena celoisiodes C. Mart., H. Millingtonia hortensis L.f. 9

10 B C D E F G H Fig..5. ). Euphorbia heterophylla L., B). Lantana camara L., C). Phoneix sylvestris Roxb., D). Muhlenbergia glomerata (wild.) Trin., E).. lternanthera Philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb, F). Parthenium hysterophorous L. G). Waltheria indica L., H). Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites 10

11 C B D E F G H Fig.. 6. ). Terminalia catappa L., B. Cyanodon dactylon (L.), C. Caloptropsis gigantean L., D. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, E. Solanum nigrum L., F. Pergularia daemia (L.) Voigt, G. Euphorbia hirta L., H. calypha indica L. 11

12 B C D E F G H Fig. 7. ). Oldenlandia umbellata L., B). Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, C). Cleome viscosa L., D). Scoparia dulcis L., E). maranthus viridis L., F). Cocos nucifera L., G). Zygipus mauritiana Lam, H). Ficus benghalensis L. 12

13 B C D E F G H Fig..8. ). Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees, B). Kigelia fricana (Lam.) Benth., C). Stachytarpheta indica (L.) Vahl, D). Phyllanthus niruri L., E). Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L., F). Jasminum sambac (Soland.), G). Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell, H). Tectona grandis L.f. 13

14 Fig.. 9. ). nnona reticulata L., B). Oxalis corniculata L. C E B D F Fig ). Plumeria rubra L., B). Furcraea gigantean Vent., C). glaenema communatum Schott D). Syngonium podophyllum Schott, E). Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Lindi., H). Duranta plumieri Jacq. 14

15 B C D Fig ). Epipremnum aureum (L.) Engl, B). Tradescantia pallida L., C). llamanda schottii Pohl, D). Nerium oleander L., E). Ravenalla madagascariensis J.F. Gmel., F). calypha amantacea Roxb. Conclusions We concluded that the selected flora from B. S. bdur Rahman University has very good vegetation and availability of abundance of plant species total 111 species representing to 94 genera belonging to 42 families should be documented. In this total area Herb-49, Shrub-29, Tree-19, Creeper-6, Climber-4, are presented. Moreover among all the plant species we have identified 17 IUCN red list category plants. For the past 30 years university have been maintaining all the plants; the ornamental plants are undergoing proper pruning, training and hence thereby conserving all the plants. For this flora, an environmental awareness programme will be conduct to the university students to protect the flora from plastic and paper pollution. References 1.wadh,.,li N.,l-rahwi, I., K,Lindequist, U.,(2004). Some medicinal plants used in Yemeni herbal medicine to treat Malaria. frican journal of 15

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