Federal Drug- Free Workplace Program Overview

Transcription

1 Federal Drug- Free Workplace Program Overview Hyden S. Shen, J.D. Policy Oversight Lead, Federal Drug- Free Workplace Program Network November 17,

2 Federal Drug- Free Workplace Program 2 The Division of Workplace Programs resides in the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services AdministraAon, Department of Health and Human Services. On behalf of the Office of NaAonal Drug Control Policy, ExecuAve Office of the President, DWP manages statutory and regulatory aspects of the Federal Drug- Free Workplace Program

3 Federal Drug- Free Workplace Program Governing 3 Order Public Law Mandatory Guidelines

4 Order The Federal government, as the largest employer in the Na@on, can and should show the way towards achieving drug- free workplaces through a program designed to offer drug users a helping hand and, at the demonstra@ng to drug users and poten@al drug users that drugs will not be tolerated in the Federal workplace. September 15, 1986

5 Public Law of the Supplemental Act of Pub. L , 101 Stat. 391, , codified at 5 U.S.C note (1987) Prohibited spending of appropriated funds for drug tes@ng unless: Agency plan is cerafied by HHS and reported to Congress Required HHS to publish Mandatory Guidelines that: Establish laboratory procedures, technologies, chain of custody Specify drugs for which employees may be tested Establish laboratory ceraficaaon standards and processes 5

6 Designated 6 Where a momentary lapse in judgment could result in catastrophic consequences that can not be remediated by the administraave process. hpp://beta.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/workplace/ 2013_guidance_selecAon_TDPs_4_26_2013.pdf

7 Marijuana - Clarifica@on 7 State s have passed medical and recreaaonal marijuana iniaaaves. Under the Controlled Substances Act, marijuana conanues to be a Schedule I Drug (DEA - Drug with a high potenaal for abuse and no accepted medical treatment) ConAnue to be tested under the Federal Drug Free Workplace Program.

8 Frequency of Marijuana Use 8 Na@onal Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) Marijuana was the most commonly used illicit drug in 2012: 18.9 million past month users. Between 2007 and 2012: the rate of current use increased from 5.8 to 7.3 percent, and the number of users increased from 14.5 million to 18.9 million. Daily or almost daily use: 5.4 million persons aged 12 or older used marijuana on a daily or almost daily basis in the past 12 months (i.e., on 300 or more days in that period), an increase from the 3.1 million daily or almost daily marijuana users in The number of daily or almost daily users of marijuana in 2012 represented 17.0 percent of past year users.

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10 Marijuana vs. Coffee 10 STARBUCKS IN L.A. COUNTY (2009) POT SHOPS IN L.A. COUNTY (2009) Los Angeles Times, Nov

11 Dispensary Patrons 98% to 98.5%: Sob Tissue Diagnosis 70%: White Male Under Age of 40 years Primary foot traffic Fridays Sundays at noon: Less than 5% of patrons are HIV/AIDS or glaucoma paaents

12 Passive Study Design 12 Six acave smokers, six non- smokers per session Enclosed room with air flow control, Plexiglas walls for observaaon Smokers smoked as much as they wanted to without limitaaon in a social- like seing Three exposure sessions: Session 1: smokers each smoke ad lib MJ cigarepes (5.3% THC) for one hour, no acave air flow Session 2: smokers each smoke ad lib MJ cigarepes (11.3% THC) for one hour, no acave air flow Session 3: smokers each smoke MJ ad lib MJ cigarepes (11.3% THC) for one hour, with acave air flow simulaang room air condiaoning 12

13 Passive Study - Room 13 Constructed of plexiglass and aluminum Dimensions: 10 x 13 x 7 (W x L x H), 910 cu b. (25.73 m 3 ) Sealed door closure OpAonal no venalaaon/venalaaon comparable to A/C in home 13

14 Start of Session 1 5.3% MJ - No Ventilation 14

15 Midway of Session 1 5.3% MJ - No Ventilation 15

16 Midway of Session % MJ - No Ven@la@on 16

17 End of Session % MJ - No Ven@la@on 17

18 Midway of Session % MJ - Ven@lated 18

19 Passive Exposure Results 19 Urine: mulaple posiaves confirmed at 20 ng/ ml cutoff, but none at 50 ng/ml Oral Fluid: confirmed posiaves up to ~3 hours Blood: up to ~2 ng/ml Behavioral & Performance Effects

20 Passive Study: Bodom Line 20 Extreme passive study is a form of drug administraaon EsAmated that non- smokers inhaled 5-15% of the amount of THC that smokers inhaled Could test posiave at lower cutoffs SAMHSA urine cutoff differenaated passive from acave

21 Cannabis Edibles Increasing popularity of oral Edible cannabis products % of medical cannabis users - No combustion - Longer time course of effects Most controlled human cannabis research uses smoked/inhaled route of administration Federal organizations that regulate medicine food cannot regulate cannabis (Courtesy of Ryan Vandrey, JHU)

22 Can You Tell The Difference? Neither Can Your Kids.

23 Edibles Study Goals Evaluate time course of THC and metabolites in blood, oral fluid and urine following oral cannabis administration in healthy adults Examine dose effects on subjective, cardiovascular, and performance measures

24 Cannabis Brownie Preparation Cannabis ground into powder Heated for 30 min at 250 F (121 C) Individual doses stirred into brownie batter and baked for 30 min at 325 F (163 C) Individual doses of 10, 25, & 50 mg of THC (Courtesy of Ryan Vandrey, JHU)

25 Edible Results: Urine THC-COOH Cmax (ng/ml): 10 mg THC = 106 (34 278) 25 mg THC = 335 (75 729) 50 mg THC = 713 ( ) Tmax range 3-22 hrs.; consistent across doses Window of detection was hrs. THC-COOH detectable in 6 at end of study (Courtesy of Ryan Vandrey, JHU)

26 Edible Results: Oral Fluid THC Cmax (ng/ml): 10 mg THC = 192 (47 412) 25 mg THC = 478 ( ) 50 mg THC = 598 ( ) Window of detection for THC and THCCOOH was , hours respectively (Courtesy of Ryan Vandrey, JHU)

27 Edible Results: Blood Highest concentrations of THC was < 5 ng/ml for THC; only 2 50 mg THC achieved 5 ng/ml No THC detected for 2 participants (10 mg) Cmax THCCOOH (ng/ml) 10 mg THC = 7 (5 14) 25 mg THC = 21 (12 39) 50 mg THC = 29 (16 44) (Courtesy of Ryan Vandrey, JHU)

28 Edible Results: Drug Effect Brownies

29 Cannabis Edibles: Bodom Line 29 Cannabis edibles produced severe behavioral effects Behavioral effects lasted considerably longer than smoked route Urine and oral fluid tests were posiave Blood levels of THC were extremely low and most paracipants who were highly impaired would not have tested posiave during periods of impairment or later

30 30 Cannabis potency has increased significantly over last decade Risks of extreme passive exposure are real and begin to look like acave use Casual exposure will not produce posiaves Cannabis edibles produce significant impairment, but could go undetected by blood tests

31 Oral Fluids 31 Mandatory Guidelines for Oral Fluids AlternaAve to Urine Less Intrusive Less Time Consuming Interagency CoordinaAng Group Webinar/ Teleconference Update DFWP Plans and TesAng Designated PosiAons

32 Drug- Free Workplace Program 32 Hyden S. Shen, J.D. Policy Oversight Lead Federal Drug- Free Workplace Program Phone:

33 QuesAons 33