气候变暖对寒地大豆作物 两种害虫发生的影响

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1 Chnese Journal of Appled Entomology 016, 53(4): DOI: /j.ssn 气候变暖对寒地大豆作物 * 两种害虫发生的影响 王荣 1** 付雪 *** 郝 操 叶乐夫 牛琳琳 1*** 1 赵奎军 赵佳男 1*** 摘要 Aphs glycnes (Matsumura) Tetranychus cnnabarnus (Bosduval) 关键词 Influences of clmate warmng on co-occurrence of Aphs glycnes (Matsumura) and Tetranychus cnnabarnus (Bosduval) on dfferent soybean strans n cold area of Chna WANG Rong 1** HAO Cao NIU Ln-Ln 1 ZHAO Ja-Nan 1 FU Xue *** YE Le-Fu 1*** ZHAO Ku-Jun 1*** (1. Agrculture College, Northeast Agrcultural Unversty, Harbn , Chna;. College of Agrcultural Resource and Envronment, Helongjang Unversty, Harbn , Chna) Abstract [Objectves] To nvestgate the effects of temperature ncrease on the occurrence of phytophagous arthropod pests, and ther nterspecfc nteractons, on soybean crops n cold areas of Chna n order to mprove the long term predcton and forecastng of multple local arthropod pest speces. [Methods] We smulated clmate warmng n an artfcal clmatc chamber and nvestgated the effects of both hgh and low temperatures on the co-occurrence and nterspecfc nteractons of Aphs glycnes and Tetranychus cnnabarnus. In addton, we tested nteractons between these two arthropod pest speces on leaf dscs from dfferent soybean strans. [Results] The results of our experments suggest that relatvely low temperatures wll beneft aphd populatons but hgher temperatures wll beneft tetranychd mtes. At hgher temperatures the nterspecfc competton coeffcent s predcted to decrease, that s to say, the envronmental carryng capacty wll ncrease sgnfcantly. Under current temperature condtons, the nteracton between these two arthropod pest speces should be defned as * Supported projectssb14b CARS-04 15XG01015NY06 ** Frst authore-mal @163.com *** Correspondng authore-malsnowfx@yeah.netyelefuneau@foxmal.comkjzhao@163.com Receved Accepted

2 73 Chnese Journal of Appled Entomology 53 commensalsm,.e., they are lkely to co-occur n the feld, and the soybean aphd especally s more lkely to outbreak whle co-exstng wth the mte on local, pest-senstve, soybean strans. In other words, there s a substantal dfference n the resstance of dfferent local soybean strans to arthropod pests. [Concluson] These results suggest that: Although not currently an ssue, there s a hgh rsk of future outbreaks of several arthropod pests on soybean crops n cold areas of Chna. We need to prepare some management measures for the future, such as selectng pest resstant strans that are sutable for local cultvaton. Key words Aphs glycnes, Tetranychus cnnabarnus, nterspecfc competton, temperature, soybean stran Glycne max Aphs glycnes Matsumura Hemptera 1986 Davd et al.004bamphtlh et al.01 Davs et al hm hm 100% Tetranychus cnnabarnus Bosduval Arachnda Acar Tetranychdae Tetranychus 材料与方法 1.1 试验材料 Aphs glycnes Matsumura Tetranychus cnnabarnus Bosduval 8 / 4 14L.. 10DRH70% 3 /8 14L.. 10D RH70% 48 ( HN48 GC1) 3±1 / 7±1 L.. D= RH: 50%±10% 1. 试验方法 5 5

3 4 : 733 ~4 6 3 d 5 d 6~ ~4 6 4 h = /10 = /10 = / 数据统计 B 1 s P s 1 B = S = P = L Ph PhB j s h1 L j = j P h P jh = j h B = C j s 1 1 Ph Ph j h1 C j = j C j = C j P h j j P P P j P j α j j P P j = j 结果与分析.1 不同温度条件下大豆蚜和朱砂叶螨的种群动态 1 8 /4 3 /8 4 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 3 4 1F. 大豆蚜和大豆朱砂叶螨的生态位 大豆蚜和朱砂叶螨取食不同品种大豆的发育情况 3

4 734 Chnese Journal of Appled Entomology 53 图 1 不同温度条件下大豆蚜和朱砂叶螨的种群动态 Fg. 1 Populaton dynamcs of Aphs glycnes and Tetranychus cnnabarnus under dfferent temperature A. 低温接叶螨处理 ; B. 低温接蚜虫处理 ;C. 低温接叶螨和蚜虫处理 ;D. 高温接叶螨处理 ;E. 高温接蚜虫处理 ;F. 高温接叶螨和蚜虫处理 A. Treatment wth mte under lower temperature; B. Treatment wth aphd under lower temperature; C. Treatment wth both mte and aphd under lower temperature; D. Treatment wth mte under hgher temperature; E. Treatment wth aphd under hgher temperature; F. Treatment wth both mte and aphd under hgher temperature. Table 1 表 1 大豆蚜和大豆朱砂叶螨的时间生态位 Temporal nche of Aphs glycnes and Tetranychus cnnabarnus Nche breadth Nche overlap Smlarty rato of nche Interspecfc competton coeffcent Lower temperature treatment Hgher temperature treatment / / / / % 80% % 60% % 85% 68% 80% HN GC1 1.7 HN48 GC1 1.1

5 4 : 735 HN48 HN4854% GC160% GC14. Fg. 图 大豆蚜取食不同品种大豆叶片的生活参数 ( 单独为害与竞争为害 ) Lfe parameters of Aphs glycnes on dfferent soybean strans(ndvdual and compettve feedng) A1. HN48 A. HN48 A3. HN48 B1. HN48 B. HN48 B3. HN48 C1. GC1 C. GC1 C3. GC1 D1. GC1 D. GC1 D3. GC1 A1. Nymph aphd number n treatment of soybean aphd feedng alone on leaf of stran HN48; A. Adult nymph aphd number n treatment of soybean aphd feedng alone on leaf of stran HN48; A3. Slough number of aphd n treatment of soybean aphd feedng alone on leaf of stran HN48; B1. Nymph aphd number n treatment of both aphd and mte coexstng on HN48; B. Adult aphd number n treatment of both aphd and mte coexstng on HN48; B3. Slough number of aphd n treatment of both aphd and mte coexstng on HN48; C1. Nymph aphd number n treatment of soybean aphd feedng alone on leaf of stran GC1; C. Adult nymph aphd number n treatment of soybean aphd feedng alone on leaf of stran GC1; C3. Slough number of aphd n treatment of soybean aphd feedng alone on leaf of stran GC1; D1. Nymph number of aphd n treatment of soybean aphd feedng alone on leaf of stran GC1; D. Adult aphd number n treatment of both aphd and mte coexstng on GC1; D3. Slough number of aphd n treatment of both aphd and mte coexstng on GC1. HN GC180% HN4888% 5.4 <9.4 HN48 68% < 80%HN48 75% < 85% HN48 GC1 1.1 GC1 HN48 1. HN48 GC1 1.9 GC1 HN HN48 GC1 HN48 HN48

6 736 Chnese Journal of Appled Entomology 53 3 讨论 Fg. 3 图 3 朱砂叶螨取食不同品种大豆叶片的生活参数 ( 单独为害与竞争为害 ) Lfe parameters of Tetranychus cnnabarnus on dfferent soybean strans(ndvdual and compettve feedng) A1. HN48 A. HN48 A3. HN48 B1. HN48 B. HN48 B3. HN48 C1. GC1 C. GC1 C3. GC1 D1. GC1 D. GC1 D3. GC1 A1. Number of mte egg n treatment of mte alone feedng on leaf of stran HN48 ; A. Number of mte nymph n treatment of mte alone feedng on leaf of stran HN48; A3. Number of mte adult n treatment of mte alone feedng on leaf of stran HN48 ; B1. Number of mte egg n treatment of both mte and aphd coexstng on leaf of stran HN48; B. Number of mte nymph n treatment of both mte and aphd coexstng on leaf of stran HN48; B3. Number of mte adult n treatment of both mte and aphd coexstng on leaf of stran HN48; C1. Number of mte egg n treatment of mte alone feedng on leaf of stran GC1; C. Number of mte nymph n treatment of mte alone feedng on leaf of stran GC1; C3. Number of mte adult n treatment of mte alone feedng on leaf of stran GC1; D1. Number of mte egg n treatment of both mte and aphd coexstng on leaf of stran GC1; D. Number of mte nymph n treatment of both mte and aphd coexstng on leaf of stran GC1; D3. Number of mte adult n treatment of both mte and aphd coexstng on leaf of stran GC1.

7 4 : HN48 GC1 HN Table Soybean strans HN48 GC1 表 大豆蚜和叶螨在两个大豆品种上单独为害和共同为害时生活参数比较 Lfe parameters comparson of Aphs glycnes and Tetranychus cnnabarnus on dfferent strans whle feedng alone and coexstng Lfe parameter.. Alone.. Coexst Sngle ndex Survval rato 54%.. 88% Reproducton rate Hatchng rato 68%.. 75% adult Egg layng.. Survval rato 60%.. 80% Reproducton rate Specfc pest Integrated Hatchng rato 80%.. 85% adult Egg layng.. Table 3 Pest Soybean aphd 表 3 大豆蚜和朱砂叶螨在两个大豆品种上生活参数比较 Lfe parameters comparson of Aphs glycnes and Tetranychus cnnabarnus on dfferent soybean strans Treatment Lfe parameter HN48.. GC1 Sngle ndex Survval rato 54%.. 60% HN48 Specfc pest GC1 GC1 Reproducton rate GC1 + Survval rato 88%.. 80% GC1 + Reproducton rate Hatchng rato 68%.. 80% HN48 adult Egg layng.. Hatchng rato 75%.. 85% HN48 adult Egg layng.. HN48 HN48 Integrated HN48

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