Culiseta melanura and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Inland or Coastal. Historic Population Mean. Current Weekly Mean

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1 VECTOR SURVEILLANCE IN NEW JERSEY EEE, WNV, SLE, LAC, DENV and CHIK Prepared by Lisa M. Reed, Scott Crans and Mark Robson Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University CDC WEEK 4: 28 September to 4 October, 214 Data Downloaded 12:45 am 6 October 214 This New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station report is supported by Rutgers University, Hatch funds, funding from the NJ State Mosquito Control Commission and with the participation of the Department of Health, Department of Agriculture and of the 21 county mosquito control agencies of New Jersey. SITE/Boxes Culiseta melanura and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Inland or Coastal Historic Population Mean Current Weekly Mean Total Tested* (Collected) Total Pools Tested* (Submitted) Bass River (Burlington Co.)/5 Coastal (33) 7 (8) EEE Isolation Pools Green Bank (Burlington Co.)/25 Coastal (367) 18 (19) Corbin City (Atlantic Co.)/25 Coastal (315) 17 (18) Dennisville (Cape May Co.)/5 Coastal Winslow (Camden Co.)/5 Inland Centerton (Salem Co.)/5 Inland Turkey Swamp (Monmouth Co.)/5 Inland (22) 18 (19) Glassboro (Gloucester Co.)/5 Inland *Current week (in parentheses) results pending. Remarks: One additional positive EEE mosquito pool has been detected this past week at the Centerton resting box site. Total number of positive EEE pools is 32, 31 in Cs. melanura and 1 in Culex salinarius. Statewide, for all 14,783 mosquitoes tested, MFIR is 2.16, up from 2.14 of the previous week. Traditional Resting Box Sites: One new EEE positive Cs. melanura pools were detected, at Centerton in Salem County. To date, 378 Cs. melanura from 153 pools have been tested for EEE at the traditional resting box sites. Overall MFIR for these traditional sites is 3.24, up from 3.14 of the previous week. Four additional pools containing 62 Cs. melanura remain to be tested. MFIR

2 County Additional Cs. melanura trapped by counties *traps with positives indicated in BOLD. Trap types* Number collected (pools) Number of positive pools MFIR Atlantic CO 2, Gravid 27 (7) Burlington CO 2 57 (114) Cape May Gravid, RB 261 (22) Cumberland CO 2, RB 141 (2) Gloucester RB 888 (76) Monmouth Other 4 (2) Ocean CO 2, Gravid, RB 11 (24) Salem CO 2 9 (5) TOTAL 651 (27) Additional Cs. melanura: Counties submit additional pools of Cs. melanura caught in other trap types as well as resting boxes. No additional positive pools were detected this week. Virus was first detected in these additional pools from a Gloucester County resting box sampled on 23 July.

3 Species other than Cs. melanura Pools Mosquitoes Positives MFIR Aedes albopictus 3 11 Aedes atlanticus 1 5 Aedes canadensis canadensis Aedes cantator 8 12 Aedes cinereus 1 1 Aedes japonicus 5 16 Aedes mitchellae 1 1 Aedes sollicitans 6 57 Aedes taeniorhynchus 4 3 Aedes triseriatus 8 32 Aedes vexans 7 47 Anopheles bradleyi Anopheles crucians 3 17 Anopheles punctipennis Anopheles quadrimaculatus Coquillettidia perturbans Culex erraticus Culex pipiens Culex restuans 4 16 Culex salinarius Culex spp Culex territans 1 1 Culiseta morsitans 1 1 Psorophora ciliata 1 1 Psorophora columbiae 2 14 State Total Additional Species: Counties submit additional pools of species other than Cs. melanura for EEE virus testing. First detection into non-melanura species has occurred with a positive pool of Culex salinarius, collected in Burlington County on 16 Sep. Horses and Humans: Three horses have been reported with EEE: Earliest onset date is on 11 Aug, 214 for a 4 yo mare in Gloucester County, died 14 Sep. Second case with onset date of 11 Sep for a 2 yo mare in Ocean County, euthanized same date. Third case with onset date of 21 Sep 214 for a 6 yo gelding in Burlington County, euthanized same date. Vaccination history for all horses was either uncertain or not done. No human cases have been reported. Horses and Vaccinations: The fate of unvaccinated equids reinforces the necessity of maintaining a vaccination schedule for arboviruses. For vaccination schedules recommended by the American Association of Equine Practices, see:

4 Culiseta melanura Population Graphs Coastal BASS RIVER (Burlington Co.) 214 Mean Number / Box 2 Year Mean June 8 July August September October Week of Collection GREEN BANK (Burlington Co.) Mean Number / Box Year Mean June 8 July August September October Week of Collection Mean Number / Box CORBIN CITY (Atlantic Co.) Year Mean June 8 July August September October Week of Collection Mean Number / Box DENNISVILLE (Cape May Co.) Year Mean June July August September October Week of Collection Inland Mean Number / Box WINSLOW (Camden Co.) Year Mean June 8 July August September October Mean Number / Box CENTERTON (Salem Co.) Year Mean June July August September October TURKEY SWAMP (Monmouth Co.) 214 Mean Number / Box 11 Year Mean June July August September October GLASSBORO (Gloucester Co.) 214 Mean Number / Box 5 Year Mean June July August September October Week of Collection Week of Collection Week of Collection Week of Collection Populations of Cs. melanura are declining while detection of EEE continues. Latest detection occurred at the Centerton resting box site. EEE has been detected in a non-melanura species. Due diligence is required when in the habitat of Cs. melanura or potential bridge vectors. = Positive pool(s) detected (red = melanura, purple = other).

5 EEE in US (214 cumulative cases): (Black or Red = previous + new reported cases occurring) - equine: AL(5) FL (53 +2 deer) GA(8) LA(1) MA(1) ME(1) MI(5) MS(1) NC(9) NH(2) NJ(3) NY(1) SC(7) TX(3) VA(1) - mosquito pools: GA(1) LA(1) MA(33) MD(1) ME(15) NH(18) NJ(32) NY(86) VA(18) VT(6) - sentinel: AL(3) FL(158) GA(1) ME(1 emu) NC(2) VA(33/3 cassowaries) - human: AL(1) NH(2) NY(2) West Nile Virus Positive Organisms in US West Nile in US (214 cumulative cases): Single black values indicate no change from previous week. Black values / red values equals previous week/new totals. Note: Data reported by all states should be considered provisional and subject to change. Sources for this table can be found here. Mosquito Birds Sentinels Horses Humans Pools Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas 4/5 California 2155/ / / Colorado /4 79/9 Connecticut 64 3/4 Delaware 2/3 3 DC 2/3 Florida 91/ /7 Georgia 25 8/1 Hawaii Idaho 62 5/6 18/19 Illinois 34/36 121/ /28 Indiana 157/163 3/4 Iowa 9 2/3 11 Kansas 1 16/23 Kentucky 2/3 Louisiana 91/921 42/ /123 Maine Maryland Mass Michigan 14/ Minnesota 2 19/21 2 6/9 Mississippi /43 Missouri 1/ 2 34/43 9 9/1 Birds Mosquito Pools Sentinels Horses Humans Montana 12 3/4 4/5 Nebraska 5/6 246/248 81/99 Nevada 95/96 2/3 New Hampshire 1 New Jersey 18 62/617 3 New Mexico 2 3/4 11/14 New York 722/ /16 North Carolina North Dakota 6 4* 21 Ohio Oklahoma 5 13 Oregon 6/ Pennsylvania 13/14 142/ Rhode Island 2 South Carolina 1 South Dakota Tennessee 598/664 9/1 Texas Utah Vermont 8 Virginia /3 Washington 8 4 7/8 West Virginia 1 6/7 Wisconsin /8 Wyoming * Can include other species (e.g., dogs, cows) reported positive.

6 Protocol: New Jersey Department of Health (NJDH Public Health Environmental and Agricultural Laboratories, PHEAL) and the Cape May County Department of Mosquito Control tests mosquito pools using RT-PCR Taqman techniques. Mosquito Species Submitted and Tested for West Nile Virus Testing through 6 October 214 Species Pools Mosquitoes Positives MFIR Aedes albopictus Aedes atlanticus 4 1 Aedes atropalpus 1 5 Aedes canadensis canadensis Aedes cantator Aedes cinereus 1 1 Aedes japonicus Aedes mitchellae 1 1 Aedes sollicitans Aedes sticticus 3 7 Aedes taeniorhynchus Aedes triseriatus Aedes trivittatus Aedes vexans Anopheles bradleyi Anopheles crucians 3 17 Anopheles punctipennis Anopheles quadrimaculatus Coquillettidia perturbans Culex erraticus Culex pipiens Culex restuans Culex salinarius Culex spp Culex territans 5 5 Culiseta melanura Culiseta morsitans 1 1 Orthopodomyia signifera 1 1 Psorophora ciliata 4 4 Psorophora columbiae Psorophora ferox State Total Remarks: To date, 6874 pools of 181,476 mosquitoes from 3 species have been tested, with 617 positive pools detected. Culex erraticus, collected 9 Sep in Mercer County has been found positive. First positive was detected in a Mixed Culex pool collected on 2 May in Camden County. Nineteen counties have detected positive pools, including Atlantic, Bergen, Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Essex, Gloucester, Hudson, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, Passaic, Somerset, Sussex, Union and Warren Counties. Overall MFIR for the state has increased from to 3.4. Humans, Horses and Wild Birds: Three human cases of WNV have occurred, one each in Gloucester, Hudson and Monmouth Counties. For further information, see No horse cases have been detected. Bird testing began in mid-april. First positive bird (Fish Crow in Mercer County collected 8 July) has been reported. To date, 11 birds have been tested, with 18 positives. Species includes: American Crow (Corvis brachyrhynchos 3/3) Fish Crow (Corvus ossifragus 1/34), Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata 2/12), Hawk/Raptor (1/7), unidentified corvid (1/4) and other

7 Number of positive pools avian species (1/5). Counties (positives) submitting birds are Atlantic, Bergen, Burlington, Cape May, Cumberland, Essex, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, Passaic, Salem, Sussex, Union and Warren The graph above shows cumulative positive pools for this and the previous 5 years in New Jersey. It appears that 214 is similar to 213 with regard to the number and rate of positive pools detected. WNV Results by County through 6 October 214 County Species Pools Mosquitoes Positives MFIR Atlantic Aedes albopictus Aedes atlanticus 1 1 Aedes canadensis canadensis 4 27 Aedes cantator 3 1 Aedes japonicus 8 4 Aedes sollicitans 2 6 Aedes sticticus 1 1 Aedes taeniorhynchus Aedes vexans 6 56 Anopheles bradleyi 4 13 Anopheles punctipennis 2 4 Anopheles quadrimaculatus 3 1 Coquillettidia perturbans 5 24 Culex erraticus 2 25 Culex spp Culiseta melanura Psorophora ferox Bergen Aedes albopictus Aedes japonicus Anopheles punctipennis 1 1 Culex spp

8 Burlington Aedes albopictus Aedes atlanticus 1 5 Aedes canadensis canadensis Aedes cinereus 1 1 Aedes japonicus Aedes mitchellae 1 1 Aedes taeniorhynchus 4 3 Aedes triseriatus Aedes trivittatus 1 41 Aedes vexans 1 97 Anopheles bradleyi Anopheles punctipennis 3 13 Anopheles quadrimaculatus 2 23 Coquillettidia perturbans Culex erraticus 9 59 Culex pipiens 3 3 Culex restuans 1 1 Culex salinarius Culex spp Culiseta melanura Psorophora ciliata 1 1 Psorophora columbiae 3 15 Camden Aedes albopictus Aedes japonicus Culex spp Culiseta melanura Cape May Aedes albopictus Aedes atropalpus 1 5 Aedes canadensis canadensis 9 12 Aedes cantator 8 12 Aedes japonicus Aedes taeniorhynchus 1 5 Aedes triseriatus 2 91 Aedes vexans 1 1 Anopheles bradleyi Anopheles quadrimaculatus Coquillettidia perturbans 3 52 Culex erraticus 7 66 Culex pipiens Culex restuans Culex salinarius 1 78 Culex spp. 5 9 Culex territans 4 4 Culiseta melanura Orthopodomyia signifera 1 1 Cumberland Aedes albopictus 5 11 Aedes atlanticus 2 4 Aedes canadensis canadensis 1 2

9 Aedes japonicus 5 5 Aedes sollicitans 6 57 Aedes taeniorhynchus 3 32 Aedes triseriatus 1 12 Aedes vexans Anopheles bradleyi Anopheles punctipennis Anopheles quadrimaculatus 1 19 Coquillettidia perturbans Culex erraticus 2 23 Culex pipiens 2 11 Culex salinarius 6 83 Culex spp Culiseta melanura Psorophora ciliata 3 3 Psorophora columbiae Psorophora ferox 1 1 Essex Aedes albopictus Aedes japonicus Aedes triseriatus 5 9 Aedes trivittatus 7 17 Aedes vexans 1 4 Anopheles quadrimaculatus 6 7 Coquillettidia perturbans 1 1 Culex spp Psorophora ferox 2 2 Gloucester Aedes albopictus Aedes japonicus Aedes triseriatus 9 7 Aedes vexans 1 4 Anopheles punctipennis Anopheles quadrimaculatus Coquillettidia perturbans 6 41 Culex pipiens Culiseta melanura Hudson Aedes albopictus Culex spp Hunterdon Culex spp Mercer Aedes albopictus Aedes canadensis canadensis 2 5 Aedes japonicus Aedes triseriatus Aedes vexans 5 48 Culex erraticus Culex pipiens

10 Culex restuans Culex salinarius 2 8 Culex spp Middlesex Aedes albopictus Aedes triseriatus 2 14 Culex spp Monmouth Aedes albopictus Aedes canadensis canadensis Aedes cantator 6 56 Aedes japonicus Aedes sollicitans 4 44 Aedes taeniorhynchus 3 5 Aedes triseriatus Aedes trivitattus 7 9 Aedes vexans Anopheles punctipennis Anopheles quadrimaculatus 7 13 Coquillettidia perturbans 6 6 Culex erraticus 9 19 Culex restuans 2 2 Culex salinarius 1 1 Culex spp Culex territans 1 1 Culiseta melanura Culiseta morsitans 1 1 Psorophora columbiae 4 4 Psorophora ferox 1 1 Morris Aedes albopictus 6 81 Coquillettidia perturbans 4 2 Culex spp Ocean Aedes albopictus Aedes canadensis canadensis 4 97 Aedes cantator Aedes japonicus Aedes sticticus 2 6 Aedes triseriatus Aedes vexans 9 29 Anopheles crucians 3 17 Anopheles quadrimaculatus 1 1 Coquillettidia perturbans 2 13 Culex erraticus 9 13 Culex salinarius 3 4 Culex spp Culiseta melanura Psorophora ferox 2 77 Passaic

11 Aedes albopictus Aedes japonicus Aedes triseriatus 1 18 Aedes vexans 1 3 Anopheles quadrimaculatus 1 1 Coquillettidia perturbans 2 12 Culex spp Salem Aedes albopictus Aedes japonicus Aedes triseriatus 32 6 Anopheles bradleyi 1 1 Anopheles punctipennis Anopheles quadrimaculatus 6 8 Coquillettidia perturbans Culex erraticus Culex pipiens 4 6 Culex restuans 2 3 Culex spp Culiseta melanura Psorophora columbiae 3 13 Somerset Aedes albopictus 1 39 Aedes canadensis canadensis 1 3 Aedes japonicus Aedes triseriatus 5 21 Anopheles punctipennis 1 2 Culex spp Sussex Aedes japonicus Aedes triseriatus 8 77 Anopheles punctipennis 2 8 Anopheles quadrimaculatus 2 27 Coquillettidia perturbans 1 17 Culex spp Union Aedes albopictus Aedes japonicus 6 84 Culex spp Warren Aedes albopictus 6 93 Aedes japonicus 1 1 Aedes triseriatus 5 17 Anopheles punctipennis 2 25 Anopheles quadrimaculatus 2 7 Culex spp Grand Total

12 Cumulative WNV activity in 213. WNV activity to 6 October 214. WNV activity last week, 214. Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLE) to 6 October 214. New Jersey will be selectively testing for SLE this year. SLE has had previous activity in New Jersey, most notably in 1964 and 1975 (CDC s SLE website), the latter prompting the surveillance reporting by Rutgers. SLE is a flavivirus and has a similar transmission pattern to West Nile, with Culex species as the predominant vectors. No pools have been detected positive for SLE in 214. County Species Pools Mosquitoes Positives MFIR Burlington Aedes albopictus 6 48 Aedes japonicus Aedes triseriatus 1 1 Culex erraticus 1 3 Culex pipiens 3 3 Culex restuans 1 1 Culex spp Cape May Culex pipiens 5 9 Culex spp Grand Total La Crosse Encephalitis (LAC) through 6 October 214. New Jersey will be selectively testing for La Crosse (LAC) virus this year. New Jersey has had 3 cases of this encephalitic disease since 1964 (see CDC s LAC website). The mortality is low but like other encephalitides, LAC can have both personal (lasting neurological sequelae) and economic impacts. LAC is a bunyavirus with a

13 transmission cycle involving mosquitoes such as Aedes triseriatus and small mammals such as squirrels and chipmunks. LAC can not only infect Aedes albopictus but transovarial transmission was also demonstrated. (Tesh and Gubler 1975 Laboratory studies of transovarial transmission of La Crosse and other arboviruses by Aedes albopictus and Culex fatigans. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 24(5):876-88). No pools have been detected positive for LAC in 214. County Species Pools Mosquitoes Positives MFIR Burlington Aedes albopictus Aedes canadensis canadensis Aedes japonicus 7 47 Aedes triseriatus Cape May Aedes triseriatus 2 91 Culex pipiens 1 7 Salem Aedes triseriatus Grand Total 91 69

14 Dengue (DENV) to 6 October 214. New Jersey will be selectively testing for DENV (including serotypes) this year. Dengue has not had a history of local transmission here in New Jersey, but each year, travelers can bring virus back from areas in the world with virus activity. This is significant as humans are NOT dead-end hosts and thus there is the potential for local transmission (i.e., New Jersey mosquitoes biting a sick person and then biting and transmitting the disease to someone else) to be established. DENV is a flavivirus but unlike WNV, Aedes mosquitoes are predominant vectors. In New Jersey, Aedes albopictus is a candidate for local transmission. There are 4 serotypes tested for Dengue. There are currently 32 imported human cases in New Jersey, no local transmission. *Note* Same pools of Ae. albopictus were tested for the four serotypes of Dengue as well as Chikungunya. No pools have been detected positive for DENV in 214. County Species DENV12 DENV2 DENV3 DENV4 Pool Mos. Pool Mos. Pool Mos. Pool Mos. Atlantic Aedes albopictus Bergen Aedes albopictus Burlington Aedes albopictus Camden Aedes albopictus Cape May Aedes albopictus Cumberland Aedes albopictus Gloucester Aedes albopictus Hudson Aedes albopictus Mercer Aedes albopictus Middlesex Aedes albopictus Culex spp Monmouth Aedes albopictus Morris Aedes albopictus Positives MFIR

15 Ocean Aedes albopictus Passaic Aedes albopictus Salem Aedes albopictus Somerset Aedes albopictus Warren Aedes albopictus Grand Total Chikungunya (CHIK) to 6 October 214. New Jersey will be selectively testing for CHIK this year. Chikungunya is similar in symptoms to Dengue, a breakbone fever and has a low mortality rate. But this virus has had recent worldwide activity, and in the past year has come to the Western Hemisphere. As with Dengue, transmission can occur when a mosquito bites an infected human, then bites an uninfected human who subsequently becomes ill. CHIK is an alphavirus with Aedes mosquitoes as potential vectors. In New Jersey, Aedes albopictus is the mosquito of interest. There are currently 19 imported human cases in New Jersey, no local transmission. No pools have been detected positive for CHIK in 214.

16 County Species Pools Mosquitoes Positives MFIR Atlantic Aedes albopictus Bergen 9 52 Aedes albopictus 9 52 Burlington Aedes albopictus Camden Aedes albopictus Cape May Aedes albopictus Cumberland 4 1 Aedes albopictus 4 1 Gloucester Aedes albopictus Hudson Aedes albopictus Mercer Aedes albopictus Middlesex Aedes albopictus Culex spp. 1 8 Monmouth Aedes albopictus Morris 2 24 Aedes albopictus 2 24 Ocean 1 25 Aedes albopictus 1 25 Passaic 1 2 Aedes albopictus 1 2 Salem Aedes albopictus Somerset 4 1 Aedes albopictus 4 1

17 Warren 5 76 Aedes albopictus 5 76 Grand Total