VIRGINIA ARBOVIRAL ACTIVITY IN David N. Gaines, Ph.D. VDH Office of Epidemiology

Transcription

1 VIRGINIA ARBOVIRAL ACTIVITY IN 27 David N. Gaines, Ph.D. VDH Office of Epidemiology

2 HUMAN ARBOVIRUS CASES IN VIRGINIA IN 27

3 Human infections from mosquito and tick-borne arboviral disease in Virginia in 27. West Nile virus (WNV) - cases (2 WN-neurological illness, and WN-fever); there were also three WNV infected blood donors without symptoms detected. St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) - None recorded. La Crosse encephalitis (LAC) - None recorded. Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) - None recorded. Powassan - tick borne encephalitis (POW) - None recorded. 2

4 Geography of WNV, LAC and EEE infections in Virginia from 99 through 26 WNV - 6 cases (since 22) LAC - 8 cases EEE - 6 cases Inset - Northern VA

5 Geography of WNV infections, and other local arboviral Infections detected in Virginia in 27 Human WNV Cases WNV Pos. Blood Donors WNV Pos. Equine 5 WNV Pos. Crows 2 EEE Pos. Emus

6 Imported human mosquito-borne arboviral disease cases in Virginia in 27. Chikungunya (CHIK) - imported cases: All patients had traveled in South Asian or Western Pacific Island nations (2 Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Indonesia). Dengue fever (DEN) - 9 imported cases, including one case of severe dengue (dengue hemorrhagic fever): All patients had traveled in South Asian or Western Pacific Island nations (6 India, Myanmar, Thailand, and Philippines). Zika Virus (ZIKA) - 7 imported cases: All patients had traveled in in the tropical Americas ( Mexico, Bonaire, Costa Rica, Cuba, and Honduras). 5

7 Chikungunya: imported cases in Virginia in 27. Counties/Cities where chikungunya cases were counted in

8 Dengue: 9 imported cases in Virginia in 27. Counties/Cities where dengue cases were counted in

9 Zika: 7 imported cases in Virginia in 27. Counties/Cities where Zika cases were counted in 27 8

10 EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS IN VIRGINIA IN 27 9

11 EEE surveillance in Tidewater VA in was one of Virginia s low years for recorded EEE activity.. Surveillance for EEE in mosquito samples yielded only 25 EEE positive pools. 2. EEE was detected in only 9 sentinel chickens.. No EEE positive equines were detected, but two emus died of EEE on the Eastern Shore of VA.. No human cases of EEE were recorded in 27.

12 In 27, surveillance programs in the Tidewater Region of VA, tested a total of,9 mosquitoes (2,995 pools) for EEE and identified only 25 EEE positive pools. All of this testing was initially done by use of the VectorTest Mosquito Species Tested for EEE Number of Mosqitoes Tested Number of Pools Tested EEE Positive Pools * EEE MIR Cs. melanura,9 2, Cx. pipiens/restuans 2,6 2, * This table shows only those VectorTest EEE positive pools that were confimed by RT-PCR; most VectorTest positives did confirm by RT- PCR.

13 Virginia s yearly EEE surveillance indicators (EEE positives) from 2 through 27 Humans: Sentinel: Chickens - Flocks - Horses (Equines): Mosquito Pools: EEE MIR (Cs. melanura) * * * Fatal human case of EEE. * Other EEE positive animals in 29 = 9 equines, one goat, one alpaca and two captive birds Other EEE positive animals in 2 included three captive cassowary birds (in Norfolk) Other EEE positive animals in 27 included two emus (birds) in (Accomack Co.) 2

14 WEST NILE VIRUS IN VIRGINIA IN 27

15 WNV surveillance in VA in was a moderately severe year for WNV activity.. A total of 788 WNV positive mosquito pools were detected and the infection rate seen in Culex pipiens/restuans was relatively high (it was the 2 nd highest seasonal total of WNV positive pools detected in VA and 5 th highest overall annual infection rate seen). 2. Sentinel chicken surveillance detected 5 WNV positive birds spread among of the flocks in the Hampton Roads Region.. One WNV equine infection was detected in VA in 27.. human cases of WNV were recorded.

16 In 27, a total of 6,79 mosquitoes (,55 pools) were tested for WNV in Virginia, by RT-PCR, RAMP, or VectorTest. Mosquito Species Tested for WNV Number of Mosqitoes Tested Number of Pools Tested WNV Positive Pools WNV MIR Cx. pipiens/restuans 2,6 5, Cs. melanura,9 2,5 5.5 Ae. albopictus 67,95,8 8.8 Cx. erraticus 2, Cx. salinarius, Ae. vexans 8, Cx. spp. 5,77 7. Ae. japonicus 2 29 Ae. triseriatus 6 25 An. quadrimaculatus 9 9 Cq. perturbans 79 2 An. crucians An. punctipennis 28 Grand Total 6,79, * All positive pools were confirmed by PCR, or conformed to RAMP standards used by VDH. 5

17 West Nile virus surveillance indicators (WNV positives) in Virginia from 22 through 27 Human WNV Cases (7 Total) WNV+ Blood Donors Wild Bird Positives Sentinel: Chickens Flocks , Not Done ND ND 25 ND 25 5 ND 9 7 ND 7 2 ND ND 5 5 Equine Positives 8 2 Mosquito Positives WNV MIR (Cx. pip./res.) * The human WNV cases counted in this table only include persons infected in Virginia. 6

18 Temporal Occurrence of Human WNV cases in Virginia in Human WNV Cases Week May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 7

19 WNV Minimum Infection Rate (MIR) for Mosquito Species Human WNV Cases Weekly WNV minimum infection rates (MIR)* for Cx. pipiens/ restuans and other mosquito species in Fairfax County in 27 2 Cx. pipiens/restuans Cx. Chart salinarius Title Ae. vexans Ae. albopictus 5 6 Human WNV Cases Week * Positive pools detected by RT-PCR at the Fairfax County Public Health Lab. 8

20 WNV Minimum Infection Rate (MIR) for Mosquito Species Human WNV Cases Weekly WNV minimum infection rates (MIR)* for Cx. pipiens/ restuans and other mosquito species in Prince William County in 27 2 Cx. pipiens/restuans Cx. salinarius Chart Cx. Title erraticus. Ae. vexans Ae. albopictus 5 6 Human WNV Cases Week * Positive pools detected by RT-PCR at a George Mason University Lab. 9

21 WNV Minimum Infection Rate (MIR) for Mosquito Species Richmond Chesterfield Powhatan Human WNV Cases Weekly WNV minimum infection rates (MIR)* for Cx. pipiens/ restuans and other mosquito species in Henrico County, and occurrence of WNV in infected crows in relation to human WNV cases seen in adjacent jurisdictions in 27 2 Cx. pipiens/restuans Chart Title Ae. albopictus 5 6 Human WNV Cases 2 8 WNV Infected Crows Week * Positive pools were detected by RT-PCR at the DCLS Lab or Conformed to RAMP - value Standards set by VDH. 2

22 Acknowledgements Laboratories: PA Dept. of Health Laboratory PA Dept. of Environmental Protection Laboratory Fairfax County Dept. of Health Laboratory The Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services (DCLS) The Virginia Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services (VDACS) Veterinary Laboratories Surveillance Programs: Alexandria Dept. of Health _ Vector Control Chesapeake Mosquito Control Fairfax County Dept. of Health -Vector Borne Diseases Program Hampton Mosquito Control Henrico County Mosquito Control Norfolk Dept. of Health Vector control Portsmout Mosquito Control Prince William County Vector Control Suffolk Mosquito Control Virginia Beach Mosquito Control Virginia Dept of Health (VDH)- Division of Environmental Epidemiology VDH - Division of Surveillance and Investigation VDH - Regional and District Epidemiology Staff 2