Human sperm penetration assay as an indicator of sperm function in human in vitro fertilization
|
|
- Cuthbert Cole
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright., 1987 The American Fertility Society Vol. 48, No. 2, August 1987 Printed in U.S.A. Human sperm penetration assay as an indicator of sperm function in human in vitro fertilization Frank B. Kuzan, Ph.D.*t Charles H. Muller, Ph.D.*:j: Paul W. Zarutskie, M.D.* L. Lynne Dixon, B.S.* Michael R. Soules, M.D.* University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Performance of spermatozoa in a hamster oocyte/human sperm penetration assay (SPA) was correlated with the results of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Forty-two patients underwent 50 IVF cycles. SPA scores were obtained before IVF cycles (screening SPA, n = 30) and, where practical, on the semen sample used for IVF (IVF SPA, n = 26). Screening SPA score did not correlate to IVF result, fertilization and cleavage rates were similar between normal (n = 17) and low (n = 13) SPA groups, pregnancy rates were 35 and 46%, respectively. In addition, SPA score at the time of IVF did not correlate with IVF result. Pregnancy rates were 33% for the normal group (n = 16) and 30% for the low SPA group (n = 10). Overall, the low SPA group (n = 16) exhibited a 78% fertilization rate and a 38% pregnancy rate, which was not different from the normal SPA group: 76 and 29%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that SPA score is a poor indicator of sperm function in IVF. Fertil Steril 48:282, 1987 I' )i,, ~ I 'i The hamster oocyte/human sperm penetration assay (SPA) was introduced in 1976 as "a preliminary assessment of the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa. m Since then, the SPA has been found to correlate well with male fertility in vivo. 2-4 With the advent of in vitro fertilization (IVF) as a therapy for human infertility, the correlation between SPA score and IVF result has been examined. 5_9 Wolf et al., 5 in a study of 24 patients, found SPA score correlated well with IVF success or failure, as did Margalioth et al., 8 9 with 20 and 134 patients, respectively. Foreman et al. 6 reported that SPA scores in the low range correlated with an increased frequency of IVF failure; however, normal SPA scores were not reliable in predicting IVF success.. Received November 18, 1986; revised and accepted April 6, * Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. t Reprint requests: Frank B. Kuzan, Ph.D., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RH-20, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington :J: Department of Biological Structure. The results of Ausmanas et al. 7 agreed with those of Wolf et al., 5 but a higher false-negative (low SPA with successful IVF) rate of 23% was found. The approach to correlating SPA score with IVF result was different among these studies. In two studies, 5 6 SPA was performed on the same semen sample used for the IVF procedure, while three studies 7-9 obtained SPA on a semen sample before IVF. One study 6 compared a select population of 15 men, who had failed IVF previously, with 15 randomly selected men. In summary, four studies supported the hypothesis that SPA was a good predictor of the ability to fertilize human oocytes in vitro. In three of these studies, pregnancies were not reported. In a fifth study, 7 it was concluded that SPA was not helpful in predicting IVF performance. These reports are contradictory; therefore, in an attempt to clarify this apparent confusion, the present study was undertaken. Considering the discrepancy in SPA score within the male over time, 10 two types of SPA scores were obtained for analysis: (1) on a semen sample prior to the IVF cycle, screening-spa; and (2) on the semen sample used for IVF, IVF-SPA. 282 Kuzan et al. Sperm penetration assay as an indicator for IVF Fertility and Sterility
2 Patients MATERIALS AND METHODS Male partners of couples applying to the University of Washington IVF program from February to September 1984 were required to have a SPA before acceptance. Additionally, SPA tests were performed on most semen samples used for IVF from September 1984 to October Thus, two types of SPA scores were available: (1) screening-spa (n = 30), those tests performed no more than 8 months prior to the IVF cycle; and (2) IVF -SPA (n = 26), those tests performed on the same semen sample used for IVF. No therapy of the male nor changes in IVF laboratory procedures, in regard to sperm preparation, were undertaken during the study interval based on SPA score. Couples who were included in this study had completed an IVF cycle, including oocyte retrieval, before November The patient population (n = 42) was composed of patients with tubal disease (n = 22), endometriosis (n = 2), male factor (n = 7), idiopathic source (n = 4), or a combination of these factors (n = 7) as the source of infertility. Superovulation for IVF cycles was accomplished by a combination regimen; 100 mg clomiphene citrate (CC) (Serophene, Serono Laboratories Inc., Randolph, MA) on cycle days 3 to 7 and 75 IU human menopausal gonadotropin (hmg) (Pergonal, Serono Laboratories Inc., Randolph, MA) starting day 3 until follicular maturity. Oocyte retrieval was accomplished laparoscopically on approximately day 12 (range, 11 to 14). After retrieval, oocytes were removed from follicular fluid within 2 minutes and placed into a culture tube (Falcon #3033, Becton Dickenson Co., Oxnard, CA) containing Ham's F-10 (HF-10, Gibco Laboratories, Santa Clara, CA) medium supplemented with 10% human fetal cord serum (FCS), 1 mm calcium lactate (Calbiochem-Behring Corp., LaJolla, CA), and 20 mm sodium bicarbonate (J. T. Baker Chemical Co., Phillipsburg, NY). Oocytes were incubated in organ-culture dishes (Falcon #3037, Becton Dickenson Co., Oxnard, CA) at 37 C in a 5% C02, 5% 0 2, and 90% N2 gas mixture, 5 to 6 hours before the addition of spermatozoa. Seventeen hours after sperm addition, oocytes were examined for signs of fertilization, at which time they were placed into HF -10 containing 20% human FCS. The uterine placement of cleaving embryos, 40 to 42 hours after insemination, was accomplished with either a 3 or 4 French, side-port catheter (W. A. Cook Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, Australia) containing 20 to 30 ~1 medium. Only pregnancies confirmed by ultrasound at greater than 8 weeks' gestation are reported. Sperm Preparation for In Vitro Fertilization One-half milliliter of liquified (20 minutes at 37 C) neat semen was layered beneath 3 ml of HF-10 containing 0.5% human serum albumin (HSA; Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO), and incubated for 1 hour in a humidified atmosphere of 5% C02 in air at 37 C.U The upper 1.5 ml of medium, containing motile spermatozoa, was removed and centrifuged at 400 X g for 5 minutes. The supernatant was discarded, and spermatozoa were washed two additional times in HF % human FCS by centrifugation. The final pellet was drawn up in 0.5 ml HF-10, counted by hemocytometer, and 10 5 motile spermatozoa were added to each dish containing a single oocyte. The average time from semen collection to oocyte insemination was 3 hours. Semen samples ranged from 10 7 to 2 X 10 8 sperm cells/ml, with motilities of 20% to 70%, and abnormal forms ranging from 30% to 70%. No sample used for IVF had more than one abnormality detected by routine seminal fluid analysis (i.e., motility and sperm concentration). Oocyte Preparation for Sperm Penetration Assay Hamster oocytes and human spermatozoa were prepared by the method described by Karp et al. 3 Briefly, mature female hamsters were superovulated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG; Organon, El Monte, CA) followed 56 hours later with human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg; Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO). Cumulus enclosed oocytes were collected into modified Biggers, Whitten, and Whittingham medium 12 (BWW) 14 to 16 hours after hcg administration. Oocytes were treated with hyaluronidase (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) and trypsin (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) to remove the cumulus cells and the zona pellucida, respectively. Twenty-five zona pellucida-free oocytes were added to approximately 10 7 spermatozoa for each assay. Sperm Preparation for Sperm Penetration Assay After 20 minutes at 37 C to allow liquefaction, seminal components were separated from spermatozoa by three centrifugation steps (300 X g, 7 minutes, 5 minutes, 5 minutes). Spermatozoa were resuspended in BWW at a concentration of 1 to 2 X 10 7 and then incubated in a humidified gas atmo- Vol. 48, No.2, August 1987 Kuzan et al. Sperm penetration assay as an indicator for IVF 283
3 i.! sphere of 1% C0 2 in air, at 37 C for 18 to 22 hours before hamster oocyte addition. The spermatozoa/ hamster oocyte mixture was incubated 2.0 to 2.5 hours, at which time the hamster oocytes were removed, lightly compressed between a glass slide and cover slip, and assessed for sperm penetrations ( decondensed sperm head with associated tail). Results were reported as percent hamster oocytes penetrated. Data Analysis Data concerning IVF were separated based on low (0% to 10%) and normal (~11%) SPA scores. Repeated measures analysis of variance was employed to detect differences between low and normal SPA groups relative to IVF and cleavage rates. Chi -square analysis was employed to determine whether IVF pregnancy rate differed between these SPA groups. RESULTS Forty-two infertile couples and 50 IVF cycles were included in this study. A total of 228 human oocytes were recovered (4.6/cycle), 175 of these were fertilized (78%, 3.5/cycle), and 167 cleaved (73%), resulting in an average of 3.4 embryos per replacement. Sixteen cycles resulted in clinical pregnancies, ultrasound documented at 8 weeks' gestation, for a 32% pregnancy rate per laparoscopy. During the course of this study, only two failed fertilization cycles were completed. Twenty-six patients were evaluated by SPA prior to IVF (screening-spa); results based on SPA score are presented in Table 1 (screening-spa). No difference was detected in IVF fertilization rate, cleavage rate, or pregnancy rate between the normal and low groups (Table 1). Of particular interest was the fact that mean number of embryos replaced after IVF was similar: 3. 7 for the normal group and 3.2 for the low group. Only 1 of 13 (7%) patients with a low SPA did not fertilize human oocytes in vitro and one pregnancy was initiated by a man who scored 0 on SPA. Twenty-six SPAs were performed on semen samples used for IVF; these data are presented in Table 1 (IVF -SPA). No difference was found in any IVF parameter between these groups. Two points of interest were: three patients scored zero on this SPA, yet initiated a pregnancy; and some men with a previous screening-spa changed their SPA status. In particular, five patients changed from low (screening) to normal (IVF); one patient went from normal to low; and two patients who were low on the first IVF-SPA cycle were normal on the second IVF-SPA cycle. Only three men who had a SPA at screening and IVF remained in the same SPA category. Because men fluctuated between the low and normal groups during the course of this study, an additional effort was made to identify an infertile group of men whose spermatozoa would not perform well in IVF. Patients were separated into two groups based on low SPA score versus any normal SPA score achieved during the test period; these data are presented in Table 1 (all SPA scores). In 16 of the 50 cycles (32%), the male partner had never exhibited a normal SPA (Table 1). After arranging the data in this manner, no difference was found between the SPA groups in any IVF parameter. Additionally, two pregnancies were established by men with SPA scores of 0. Table 1 Relationship Between SPA Score and IVF Fertilization, Cleavage, and Pregnancy Rate Oocytes (normal SPA score [""11%]) Oocytes (low SPA score) No. No. No. No. cycles Recovered Fertilized Cleaved pregnant cycles Recovered Fertilized Cleaved pregnant Screen SPA ± 0.5" 4.0 ± ± 0.4 6b 13c 4.5 ± ± ± % % IVF SPA ± ± ± lod 4.8 ± ± ± 0.8 3b % % All SPAs ± ± ± 0.3 lob 16' 4.4 ± ± ± % % Mean ± standard error. b Includes one ectopic. c One 0 SPA score. d Three 0 SPA scores. Two 0 SPA scores. 284 Kuzan et al. Sperm penetration assay as an indicator for IVF Fertility and Sterility
4 DISCUSSION The findings of the present study do not support the concept that SPA can predict which semen sample possesses the ability to fertilize human oocytes in vitro. Therefore, these data do not support the findings of Wolf et al. 5 or Margalioth et al.8 9 because no correlation between negative IVF result and low SPA score was found. Two cases supported the findings of Foreman et al. 6 that semen samples that failed at IVF were associated with low SPA scores. The previous studies varied in the time relationship between SPA assay and IVF cycle. Wolf et al.5 and Foreman et al. 6 performed SPA on the same semen sample used for IVF. The most meaningful scientific data would be obtained in this manner, since SPA score has been shown to fluctuate over time within individual men.10 However, the data of Wolf et al.5 were difficult to interpret because fertilization data often referred to a single oocyte per patient. Foreman et al. 6 compared the IVF results of 15 men who had failed a previous IVF cycle, "subfertile," with those of 15 randomly selected "normal" (by seminal fluid analysis) men. Although 6 "subfertile" men scored normal on SPA at IVF, none of the 15 semen samples fertilized human oocytes (n = 37) during that IVF treatment cycle. Only 1 of the 15 "normal" men scored in the low range on SPA and all semen samples were capable offertilizing human oocytes in vitro. Foreman et al. 6 concluded that low SPA scores were reliable in predicting IVF outcome. Margalioth et al.,s who did not indicate the time relationship between the SPA and IVF, found that a low SPA correlated well with poor IVF results. Spermatozoa from 7 patients with low SPA scores failed to fertilize human oocytes in vitro, while only 3 of 13 men with normal SPA scores failed IVF. Margalioth et al. 9 extended these observations to 134 couples in whom SPA was obtained sometime prior to the IVF cycle. Results showed that 94% of men with a normal SPA fertilized human oocytes in vitro, while 78% of men with low SPA failed to fertilize human oocytes. Data from this study do support the findings of Ausmanas et al. 7 : that men from both the normal and low SPA groups can fertilize human oocytes and initiate IVF pregnancies. Ausmanas et al., 7 reported on 54 patients with SPA performed no more than 2 weeks before IVF. Two of 54 ( 4%) men with fertile SPA scores failed to fertilize oocytes at IVF. In addition, a 23% false-negative rate (men in the low SPA group and capable of fertilizing human oocytes in vitro) was observed, compared with a 93% false-negative rate in the present study. Ausmanas et al. 7 concluded that no lower limit could be set on SPA score concerning IVF performance. Because there was no correlation between IVF result and SPA, what could the explanation be? Even though SPA and IVF examine sperm and oocytes in vitro, there are several differences between the test systems; specifically, the SPA measures the degree of acrosome reaction in a sperm population while IVF requires sperm motility in addition to the acrosome reaction. These differences may in part explain the incongruity of these tests. Obviously, the laboratory methods for IVF differ from those of SPA; this is true because SPA was unreliable when IVF methods were employed, i.e., hamster oocytes did not survive well in HF-10. Thus, the differences between the two test systems are mentioned in this section. Oocyte handling methods are considerably different. The hamster oocyte is treated enzymatically prior to the SPA assay, while the human oocyte is usually left intact during IVF. In the human IVF system, the zona pellucida and/or cumulus cells may aid the function of the spermatozoa, decreasing capacitation time and increasing the number of acrosomereacted spermatozoa Spermatozoa, at least in this study, were also handled much differently between the two systems. For SPA, both motile and immotile sperm cells were incubated for 18 hours before oocyte addition. For IVF, the spermatozoa were separated into a highly motile fraction and incubated for only 3 hours before oocyte addition. Spermatozoa for SPA were exposed to a lower protein concentration, a different protein source (bovine versus human), and much higher cell density during the test period. Although well characterized in laboratory animal IVF models, little is known about these differences in human IVF and can only be pointed to as areas of future investigation. Because of technical difficulties, these differences were unavoidable in the present study. However, the specific phenomenon. of "fast" versus "slow" sperm capacitation has been implicated in some false-negative SPA results.19 Thus, problems with capacitation time would have been masked in the IVF system because spermatozoa and oocytes were mixed early in the assay period. As observed in this study, men fluctuate between the low and high SPA groups (IVF -SPA compared with screening-spa). This fluctuation in SPA was not reflected by seminal fluid analysis or IVF per- Vol. 48, No. 2, August 1987 Kuzan et al. Sperm penetration assay as an indicator for IVF 285
5 formance. Fifty percent (8) of the men with low screening-spas scored high on an IVF -SPA at least once during the 11-month test period. Associated with fluctuation of SPA score is the difference between a score of 10 and 11%. In this study, only 4 of 42 patients scored 0 in any SPA, 3 at the time of IVF; all other patients exhibited some positive SPA score. Thus, it is possible that any positive SPA is predictive of IVF fertilization success. The data from the present study support the conclusion that SPA was unreliable in predicting IVF outcome. From a practical standpoint, nine pregnancies would have been lost if IVF had been denied patients based on a low or no screening SPA. Additionally, four pregnancies were initiated by men with 0 SPA scores before or during IVF therapy. Two of these men had scored in the normal range on other SPA tests. Thus, it is not advisable to eliminate patients from an IVF program based on single SPA scores. In conclusion, even though the SPA correlates well with male fertility in vivo, no correlation was found between SPA and IVF in this study. The lack of correlation is most likely due to inherent differences between the assays, which test different physiologic functions of the spermatozoa. Because SPA is a partial assessment of sperm function, 1 it should not be used exclusively to determine the fertility of semen samples, as observed by Stenchever and Muller. 2 Finally, the results of this study support the conclusion of Mahadevan et al. 21 and Trounson et al. 22 that diagnostic IVF is the most sensitive assay of male fertility. However, because of the cost of the procedure, diagnostic IVF is impractical for the routine analysis of male factor infertility. REFERENCES 1. Yanagimachi R, Yanagimachi H, Rogers BJ: The use of zona-free animal ova as a test-system for the assessment of the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa. Bioi Reprod 15:471, Martin RH, Taylor PJ: Reliability and accuracy of the zona-free hamster ova assay in assessment of male fertility. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 89:951, Karp LE, Williamson RA, Moore DE, Shy KK, Plymate SR, Smith WD: Sperm penetration assay: useful test in evaluation of male fertility. Obstet Gynecol 57:620, Stenchever MA, Spadoni LR, Smith WD, Karp LE, Shy KK, Moore DE, Berger R: Benefits of the sperm (hamster ova) penetration assay in the evaluation ofthe infertile couple. Am J Obstet Gynecol143:91, Wolf DP, Sokoloski JE, Quigley MM: Correlation of human in vitro fertilization with the hamster egg bioassay. Fertil Steril 40:53, Foreman R, Cohen J, Fehilly CB, Fishel SB, Edwards RG: The application of the zona-free hamster egg test for the prognosis of human in vitro fertilization. J In Vitro Fert Embryo Transfer 1:166, Ausmanas M, Tureck RW, Blasco L, Kopf GS, Ribas J, Mastroianni L Jr: The zona-free hamster egg penetration assay as a prognostic indicator in a human in vitro fertilization program. Fertil Steril 43:433, Margalioth EJ, Navot D, Laufer N, Yosef SM, Rabinowitz R, Yarkoni S, Schenker JG: Zona-free hamster ovum penetration assay as a screening procedure for in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 40:386, Margalioth EJ, Navot D, Laufer N, Lewin A, Rabinowitz R, Schenker JG: Correlation between the zona-free hamster egg sperm penetration assay and human in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 45:665, Pavlok A, Flechon JE: Some factors influencing the interaction of ram spermatozoa with zona-free hamster eggs. J Reprod Fertil 74:597, Overstreet JW, Yanagimachi R, Katz DF, Hayashi K, Hanson FW: Penetration of human spermatozoa into the human zona pellucida and the zona-free hamster egg: a study of fertile donors and infertile patients. Fertil Steril 33:534, Biggers JD, Whitten WK, Whittingham DF: The culture of mouse embryos in vitro. In Methods in Mammalian Embryology, Edited by JC Daniel. San Francisco, Freeman and Co, 1971, p Bavister BD: Evidence for a role of post-ovulatory cumulus components in supporting fertilizing ability of hamster spermatozoa. J Androl 3:365, Tsarik J: Comparison of acrosome reaction-inducing activities of human cumulus oophorus, follicular fluid, and ionophore A23817 in human sperm populations of proven fertilizing ability in vitro. J Reprod Fertil 74:383, Bavister BD: Fertilization of hamster eggs in vitro at sperm:egg ratios close to unity. J Exp Zoo! 210:259, Niwa K, Chang MC: Optimal sperm concentration and minimal number of spermatozoa for fertilization in vitro of rat eggs. J Reprod Fertil40:471, Nishimura H, Niwa K, Miyabe M, Iritani A: The effect of sperm concentrations during preincubation and insemination on fertilization of rat eggs in vitro. J Exp Zoo! 223:75, Martin RH, Taylor PJ: Effect of sperm concentration in the zona-free hamster ova penetration assay. Fertil Steril 39:379, Perreault SD, Rogers BJ: Capacitation pattern of human spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 38:258, Stenchever MA, Muller CH: Hamster penetration test and sperm fertilizing ability. In Foundations of In Vitro Fertilization, Edited by C Fredricks. Washington, DC, Hemisphere Publishing, 1986, p Mahadevan MM, Trounson AO, Leeton JF: The relationship of tubal blockage, infertility of unknown cause, suspected male infertility, and endometriosis to success of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 40:755, Trounson AO, Leeton JF, Wood C, Webb J, Kovacs G: The investigation of idiopathic infertility by in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 34:431, Kuzan et al. Sperm penetration assay as an indicator for IVF Fertility and Sterility
An evaluation of various treatments to increase sperm penetration capacity for potential use in an in vitro fertilization program
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright c 1992 The American Fertility Society Printed on ocid-free paper in U.S.A. An evaluation of various treatments to increase sperm penetration capacity for potential use
More informationFred K. Kirchner, M.D.t B. Jane Rogers, Ph.D.*:j:
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright c 1990 The American Fertility Society Printed on acid-free paper in U.S.A. Establishment of TEST -yolk buffer enhanced sperm penetration assay limits for fertile males
More informationInduction of the human sperm acrosome reaction by human oocytes*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright C> 1988 The American Fertility Society Vol. 50, No.6, December 1988 Printed in U.S.A. Induction of the human sperm acrosome reaction by human oocytes* Christopher J. De
More informationThe effect of albumi~ gradients and human serum on the longevity and fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa in the hamster ova penetration assay*
FERTn.1TY AND STERIL1TY Copyright c 1982 The American Fertility Society Vol. 38, No.2, August 1982 Printed in U.SA. The effect of albumi~ gradients and human serum on the longevity and fertilizing capacity
More informationCorrelation of human in vitro fertilization with the hamster egg bioassay*
F'ERTIlJTY AND STERILITY Copyright ~ 1983 The American Fertility Society Vol. 40, No. I, July 1983 Printed in U.8A. Correlation of human in vitro fertilization with the hamster egg bioassay* Don P. Wolf,
More informationHuman Spermatozoa Attach to Trypsin-treated Hamster Zonae Pellucidae but do not Undergo Acrosome Reactions
Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. Vol.44, No.2, 47~51, June, 1995 HIJM 44-8 47 Human Spermatozoa Attach to Trypsin-treated Hamster Zonae Pellucidae but do not Undergo Acrosome Reactions Masatoshi KUMAGAI, Katsunori
More informationRelationship between human in-vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection and the zona-free hamster egg penetration test
Human Reproduction vol.13 no.7 pp.1928 1932, 1998 Relationship between human in-vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection and the zona-free hamster egg penetration test Hiroaki Shibahara,
More informationAcrobeads test: a new diagnostic test for assessment of the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1995 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Vol. 63, No.3, March 1995 Printed on acid-free paper in U. S. A. Acrobeads test: a new diagnostic test for assessment of
More informationCapacitated sperm cells react with different types of antisperm antibodies than fresh ejaculated sperm*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright Q 1992 The American Fertility Society Vol. 57, No.2, February 1992 Printed on acid-free paper in U.S.A. Capacitated sperm cells react with different types of antisperm
More informationThe Use of Zona-Free Animal Ova as a Test-System for the
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION 15, 471-476 (1976) The Use of Zona-Free Animal Ova as a Test-System for the Assessment of the Fertilizing Capacity of Human Spermatozoa R. YANAGIMACHI, H. YANAGIMACHI and B. J.
More informationIn-vitro fertilization in the mouse and the relevance of different sperm/egg concentrations and volumes
In-vitro fertilization in the mouse and the relevance of different sperm/egg concentrations and volumes A. K. S. Siddiquey and J. Cohen Department ofobstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Maternity Hospital,
More informationPENETRATION OF THE ZONA FREE HAMSTER EGG BY HUMAN SPERM*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright t, 1980 The American Fertility Society Vol, 33, No, 3, March 1980 Printed in U,SA, PENETRATION OF THE ZONA FREE HAMSTER EGG BY HUMAN SPERM* ZVI BINOR, M.D. JOSEPH E. SOKOLOSKI,
More informationIN VITRO FERTILIZATION OF RABBIT EGGS IN OVIDUCT SECRETIONS FROM DIFFERENT DAYS BEFORE AND AFTER OVULATION*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright~ 1975 The American Fertility Society Vol. 26, No.7, July 1975 Printed in U.SA. IN VITRO FERTILIZATION OF RABBIT EGGS IN OVIDUCT SECRETIONS FROM DIFFERENT DAYS BEFORE AND
More informationcapacitation hyperactivation acrosome hyperactivation AR bovine serum albumin BSA non-genomic effect isothiocyanate; FITC PR mrna P hyperactivation HA
17 2 47 54 2002 P PRP total RNA cdna PCR primer set PR mrna P hyperactivation HA AR Ca PR P HA AR P Ca PR mrna P DNA C PR PR P P HA AR Ca mrna capacitation hyperactivation acrosome reaction; AR hyperactivation
More informationSummary. Mouse eggs were fertilized in vitro, in the presence and
THE R\l=O^\LEOF CUMULUS CELLS AND THE ZONA PELLUCIDA IN FERTILIZATION OF MOUSE EGGS IN VITRO A. PAVLOK and ANNE McLAREN Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Libechov, Czechoslovakia,
More informationSuccessful fertilization in vitro of fresh intact oocytes by perivitelline (acrosome-reacted) spermatozoa of the rabbit*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1984 The American Fertility Society Vol. 41, 5, May 1984 Printed in U.8A. Successful fertilization in vitro of fresh intact oocytes by perivitelline (acrosome-reacted)
More informationSperm morphologic features as a prognostic factor in in vitro fertilization
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright c 1986 The American Fertility Society Printed in U.SA. Sperm morphologic features as a prognostic factor in in vitro fertilization Thinus F. Kruger, M.D.*t Roelof Menkveld,
More informationHigh potassium concentration and the cumulus corona oocyte complex stimulate the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa *
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright'" 1990 The American Fertility Society Printed on acid-free paper in U.S.A. High potassium concentration and the cumulus corona oocyte complex stimulate the fertilizing
More informationAdvanced semen analysis: a simple screening test to predict intrauterine insemination success
FERTILITY AND STERILITY VOL. 71, NO. 3, MARCH 1999 Copyright 1999 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Published by Elsevier Science Inc. Printed on acid-free paper in U.S.A. Advanced semen analysis:
More informationUtility of in vitro fertilization at diagnostic laparoscopy*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright" 1994 The American Fertility Society Printed on acid-free paper in U. S. A. Utility of in vitro fertilization at diagnostic laparoscopy* Paul R. Gindoff, M.D.t Jerry L.
More informationPENETRATION OF HUMAN SPERMATOZOA INTO THE HUMAN ZONA PELLUCIDA AND THE ZONA-FREE HAMSTER EGG: A STUDY OF FERTILE DONORS AND INFERTILE PATIENTS*
FERTILITY AND STERILiTY Copyright" 1980 The American Fertility Society ""I. 33, No.5, May 1980 Prinred in U.SA. PENETRATION OF HUMAN SPERMATOOA INTO THE HUMAN ONA PELLUCIDA AND THE ONA-FREE HAMSTER EGG:
More informationDe Yi Liu, Ph.D.t Harold Bourne, B.Sc. H. W. Gordon Baker, M.D., Ph.D.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Vol. 64, No.1, July 1995 Copyright i) 1995 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Printed on acid-free paper in U. S. A. i' I Fertilization and pregnancy with acrosome intact
More informationComplement-mediated effects of sperm head-directed human antibodies on the ability of human spermatozoa to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright " 1983 The American Fertility Society Printed in U.BA. Complement-mediated effects of sperm head-directed human antibodies on the ability of human spermatozoa to penetrate
More informationWhat functions of the sperm cell are measured by in vitro fertilization of zona-free hamster eggs?*t
,. I FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright ~ 1983 The American Fertility Society Vol. 40, No.3, September 1983 Printed in U.SA. What functions of the sperm cell are measured by in vitro fertilization of zona-free
More informationFERTILIZATION AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN VITRO
FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN VITRO Edited by Luigi Mastroianni, Jr. University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and John D. Biggers
More informationEvaluation for antisperm antibodies after storage of sperm TEST-yolk buffer*
,---- FERTILITY AND STERILITY Vol. 66, No.3, September 1996 Copyright 'l" 1996 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Evaluation for antisperm antibodies after storage of sperm TEST-yolk buffer* Printed
More informationThe influence of oocyte maturity and embryo quality on pregnancy rate in a program for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 0 1989 The American Fertility Society Printed on acid-free paper in U.S.A. The influence of oocyte maturity and embryo quality on pregnancy rate in a program for in vitro
More informationElena H. Yanushpolsky, M.D., a Shelley Hurwitz, Ph.D., b Eugene Tikh, B.S., c and Catherine Racowsky, Ph.D. a
FERTILITY AND STERILITY VOL. 80, NO. 1, JULY 2003 Copyright 2003 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Published by Elsevier Inc. Printed on acid-free paper in U.S.A. Predictive usefulness of cycle
More informationAnalysis of factors affecting embryo implantation
Analysis of factors affecting embryo implantation Andrew L.Speirst, H.W.G.Baker and Nusratudin Abdullah The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia ITo whom correspondence should be addressed Introduction
More informationEffect of Iysoplatelet-activating factor on human sperm fertilizing ability*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Vol. 59, No.4, April 1993 Copyright!l'J 1993 The American Fertility Society Printed on acid-free paper in U.S.A. Effect of Iysoplatelet-activating factor on human sperm fertilizing
More informationAcupuncture Treatment For Infertile Women Undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm injection
Acupuncture Treatment For Infertile Women Undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm injection Sandra L. Emmons, MD Phillip Patton, MD Source: Medical Acupuncture, A Journal For Physicians By Physicians Spring
More informationUltrarapid freezing of early cleavage stage human embryos and eight-cell mouse embryos*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1988 The American Fertility Society Printed in U.S.A. Ultrarapid freezing of early cleavage stage human embryos and eight-cell mouse embryos* Alan Trounson, Ph.D.t:!:
More informationSperm nuclear chromatin normality: relationship with sperm morphology, sperm-zona pellucida binding, and fertilization rates in vitro*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright Q 1992 The American Fertility Society Vol. 58, No.6, December 1992 Printed on acid-free paper in U.S.A. Sperm nuclear chromatin normality: relationship with sperm morphology,
More informationAssisted reproductive technology
Assisted reproductive technology FERTILITY AND STERILITY Vol. 60, No.2, August 1993 Copyright 'c; 199:~ The American Fertility Society Printed on acid-free paper in U. S. A. Natural cycle in vitro fertilization-embryo
More informationF ertilizability of Rabbit Ova after Removal of the Corona Radiata
F ertilizability of Rabbit Ova after Removal of the Corona Radiata M. C. CHANG, Ph.D., and J. M. BEDFORD, M.R.C.V.S." FRESHLY ovulated rabbit ova are surrounded by a mass of follicular cells in a mucous
More informationEfficacy of treatment and recurrence rate of leukocytospermia infertile men with prostatitis*
,, ',,' -1,,,i; -; ::0 urf)~ogy-androi(jgy FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1994 The American Fertility Society VoL 62, No.3, September 1994 Printed on acid-free paper in U. S. A. Efficacy of treatment
More informationImproved pregnancy rate in human in vitro fertilization with the use of a medium based on the composition of human tubal ftuid*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright e 1985 The American Fertility Society Vol. 44, No, 4, October 1985 Printed in U.SA. Improved pregnancy rate in human in vitro fertilization with the use of a medium based
More informationInhibition of sperm penetration through human zona pellucid a by antisperm antibodies*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1986 The American Fertility Society Vol. 46, No.1, July 1986 Printed in U.s A. Inhibition of sperm penetration through human zona pellucid a by antisperm antibodies* Shinichi
More informationComplete failure of fertilization in couples with unexplained infertility: implications for subsequent in vitro fertilization cycles
r FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright ~ 1993 The American Fertility Society Printed on acid-free paper in U.S.A. Complete failure of fertilization in couples with unexplained infertility: implications for
More informationThe predictive value of idiopathic failure to fertilize on the first in vitro fertilization attempt*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1991 The American Fertility Society Printed on acid-free paper in U.S.A. The predictive value of idiopathic failure to fertilize on the first in vitro fertilization
More informationThe Time of Cortical Granule Breakdown and Sperm Penetration in Mouse and Hamster Eggs Inseminated in vitro
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUTION 19, 261-266 (1978) The Time of ortical Granule Breakdown and Sperm Penetration in Mouse and Hamster Eggs Inseminated in vitro Y. FUKUDA1 and M.. HANG2 Worcester Foundation for Experimental
More informationLUTEINIZED UNRUPTURED FOLLICLE SYNDROME: A SUBTLE CAUSE OF INFERTILITY*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright c 1978 The American Fertility Society Vol. 29, No.3, March 1978 Printed in U.S.A. LUTEINIZED UNRUPTURED FOLLICLE SYNDROME: A SUBTLE CAUSE OF INFERTILITY* JAROSLA V MARIK,
More informationEffect of delayed insemination on in-vitro fertilization, culture and transfer of human embryos
Effect of delayed insemination on in-vitro fertilization, culture and transfer of human embryos A. O. Trounson, Linda R. Mohr, C. Wood and J. F. Leeton Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash
More informationInfluence of genetic factors on the fertilization of mouse ova in vitro
Influence of genetic factors on the fertilization of mouse ova in vitro El\l=z:\b\l=i:\etaKaleta Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagellonian University, Krupnicza 50, 30-060
More informationAssisted Reproduction. Rajeevi Madankumar, 1,2 James Tsang, 1 Martin L. Lesser, 1 Daniel Kenigsberg, 1 and Steven Brenner 1 INTRODUCTION
( C 2005) DOI: 10.1007/s10815-005-4912-8 Assisted Reproduction Clomiphene citrate induced ovulation and intrauterine insemination: effect of timing of human chorionic gonadotropin injection in relation
More informationInfertility treatment
In the name of God Infertility treatment Treatment options The optimal treatment is one that provide an acceptable success rate, has minimal risk and is costeffective. The treatment options are: 1- Ovulation
More informationCorrective measures and pregnancy outcome in in vitro fertilization in patients with severe sperm morphology abnormalities
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright e 1988 The American Fertility Society Printed in U.S.A. Corrective measures and pregnancy outcome in in vitro fertilization in patients with severe sperm morphology abnormalities
More informationAccelerated mouse sperm penetration in vitro in the
Accelerated mouse sperm penetration in vitro in the presence of caffeine Lynn R. Fraser Department of Human Biology, Basic Medical Sciences Group, Chelsea College, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, U.K. Summary.
More informationFollicular Oocytes in Tubal Fluid
In-Vitro Fertilization of Rabbit Follicular Oocytes in Tubal Fluid SHUETU SUZUKI, M.D., and LUIGI MASTROIANNI, JR., M.D. SINCE THE FIRST ATTEMPT at in-vitro fertilization in 1878,24 various approaches
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE ENDOMETRIAL THICKNESS AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN IUI CYCLES
ENDOMETRIAL THICKNESS AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN IUI CYCLES Asha Verma 1, Rekha Mulchandani 2, Nupur Lauria 3, Kusum Verma 4, Sunita Himani 5 HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Asha Verma, Rekha Mulchandani, Nupur
More informationCLINICAL ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Vol. 17, No. 4. 2000 CLINICAL ASSISTED REPRODUCTION CLINICAL ASSISTED REPRODUCTION Effect of Clinical and Semen Characteristics on Efficacy of Ovulatory Stimulation
More informationThe sperm HBA that has been developed as a commercial diagnostic kit for assessing sperm. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare Volume 22 Number
original article Relationship between Sperm Hyaluronan-binding Assay (HBA) Scores on Embryo Development, Fertilisation, and Pregnancy Rate in Patients Undergoing Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
More informationScanning Electron Microscopic Observations on the Sperm Penetration through the Zona Pellucida of Mouse Oocytes Fertilized in vitro
Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations on the Sperm Penetration through the Zona Pellucida of Mouse Oocytes Fertilized in vitro Masatsugu MOTOMURA and Yutaka TOYODA School of Veterinary Medicine and
More informationHow does a sperm fertilise a human egg in vitro?
How does a sperm fertilise a human egg in vitro? A. Henry Sathananthan & Christopher Chen Monash University, Melbourne & Flinders Medical Centre, S. Australia & Singapore Sperm-oocyte fusion is the key
More informationK.W.Fuh, X.Wang, A.Tai, I.Wong and R.J.Norman 1
Human Reproduction vol.12 no.10 pp.2162 2166, 1997 Intrauterine insemination: effect of the temporal relationship between the luteinizing hormone surge, human chorionic gonadotrophin administration and
More informationConcentration of glycerol required for optimal survival and in vitro fertilizing capacity of frozen sperm is dependent on cryopreservation medium
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright e 1988 The American Fertility Society Printed in U.S.A. Concentration of glycerol required for optimal survival and in vitro fertilizing capacity of frozen sperm is dependent
More informationFertilization of human oocytes in capillary tubes with very small numbers of spermatozoa
Human Reproduction vol no. pp.-6, 99 Fertilization of human oocytes in capillary tubes with very small numbers of spermatozoa Hans H.van der Ven, K.Hoebbel, S.AI-Hasani, K.Diedrich and D.Krebs University
More informationMicroinsemination (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) Microinsemination schedule. 1. Preparation of mediums
Microinsemination (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) Masumi Hirabayashi Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National
More informationRecent Developments in Infertility Treatment
Recent Developments in Infertility Treatment John T. Queenan Jr., MD Professor, Dept. Of Ob/Gyn University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY Disclosures I don t have financial interest or other
More informationRobert Edwards 2010 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine. Photo by Jack Pearce, reproduced with permission
Robert Edwards 2010 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine Photo by Jack Pearce, reproduced with permission Year Discovery Key Authors 1954 DNA carries genetic information Crick, Franklin, Watson, Wilkins
More informationPrediction of in vitro fertilization rates from semen variables
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright il'1 1993 The American Fertility Society Printed on acid~ free paper in U.S.A. Prediction of in vitro fertilization rates from semen variables William W. Duncan Mary J.
More informationAbsence of glucose decreases human fertilization and sperm movement characteristics in vitro
hrep$$0107 Human Reproduction vol.12 no.1 pp.119 123, 1997 Absence of glucose decreases human fertilization and sperm movement characteristics in vitro Maha M.Mahadevan 1, Michael M.Miller and (Edwards,
More informationH.Van de Velde 1, Z.P.Nagy, H.Joris, A.De Vos and A.C.Van Steirteghem
Human Reproduction vol.12 no.10 pp.2246 2250, 1997 Effects of different hyaluronidase concentrations and mechanical procedures for cumulus cell removal on the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection
More informationRelation between the Number and Size of Follicles in Ovulation Induction and the Rate of Pregnancy
Relation between the Number and Size of Follicles in Ovulation Induction and the Rate of Pregnancy Aseel Mosa Jabber M.SC.G.O. The department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Thi-qar university
More informationDecoding the effect of time interval between hcg and IUI and sperm preparation and IUI
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Agrawal S et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Mar;7(3):892-896 www.ijrcog.org DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180509
More informationCombined Electroejaculation and in Vitro Fertilization in the Evaluation and Treatment of Anejaculatory Infertility
Combined Electroejaculation and in Vitro Fertilization in the Evaluation and Treatment of Anejaculatory Infertility JOHN F. RANDOLPH, JR., 1'2 DANA A. OHL, 3 CAROL J. BENNETT, 4 JONATHAN W. T. AYERS, 5
More informationDefective sperm zona pellucida interaction: a major cause of failure of fertilization in clinical in-vitro fertilization
Human Reproduction vol.15 no.3 pp.702 708, 2000 Defective sperm zona pellucida interaction: a major cause of failure of fertilization in clinical in-vitro fertilization D.Y.Liu 1 and H.W.G.Baker However,
More informationEnvironment of the preimplantation human embryo in vivo: metabolite analysis of oviduct and uterine fluids and metabolism of cumulus cells*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright e 1996 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Printed on acid free paper in U. S. A Environment of the preimplantation human embryo in vivo: metabolite analysis of
More informationZona-free hamster ovum penetration by human spermatozoa : influence of various sperm factors
Zona-free hamster ovum penetration by human spermatozoa : influence of various sperm factors Anne-Marie Courtot, P. Jouannet To cite this version: Anne-Marie Courtot, P. Jouannet. Zona-free hamster ovum
More informationName of Policy: Laboratory Tests of Sperm Maturity, Function and DNA Integrity
Name of Policy: Laboratory Tests of Sperm Maturity, Function and DNA Integrity Policy #: 219 Latest Review Date: January 2009 Category: Laboratory Policy Grade: Active Policy but no longer scheduled for
More informationP.M.M.Kastrop 1, S.M.Weima, R.J.Van Kooij and E.R.Te Velde
Human Reproduction vol.14 no.1 pp.65 69, 1999 Comparison between intracytoplasmic sperm injection and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) with high insemination concentration after total fertilization failure
More informationComparison of single versus double intra uterine insemination
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Pathak B. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Dec;6(12):5277-5281 www.ijrcog.org DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175091
More informationSignificance of Poisson distribution theory in analysing
Significance of Poisson distribution theory in analysing the interaction between human spermatozoa and zona\x=req-\ free hamster oocytes R. J. Aitken and R. A. Elton MRC Unit of Reproductive Biology and
More informationApproximately 8 min were required for the cortical granule material
THE ZONA REACTION OF HAMSTER AND MOUSE EGGS: PRODUCTION IN VITRO BY A TRYPSIN-LIKE PROTEASE FROM CORTICAL GRANULES R. B. L. GWATKIN, D. T. WILLIAMS, J. F. HARTMANN and M. KNIAZUK Merck Institute for Therapeutic
More informationSuccessful in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in cynomolgus monkeys
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright e 984 The American Fertility Society Vol. 4, No.5, November 984 Printed in U.S.A. Successful in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in cynomolgus monkeys Jose P. Balmaceda,
More informationANTISPERMANTIBODIES: THEIR EFFECT ON THE PROCESS OF FERTILIZATION. STUDIED IN VITRO*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1981 The American Fertility Society Vol. 35, No.5, May 1981 Printed in U.8A. ANTISPERMANTIBODIES: THEIR EFFECT ON THE PROCESS OF FERTILIZATION. STUDIED IN VITRO* JEHOSHUA
More informationSemen was collected by masturbation from 33 infertile patients undergoing diagnostic evaluation MATERIALS AND METHODS
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright Clt989 The American Fertility Society Printed in U.S.A. Variation of movement characteristics with washing and capacitation of spermatozoa. I. Univariate statistical analysis
More informationRisk factors for spontaneous abortion in menotropintreated
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright ~ 1987 The American Fertility Society Vol. 48, No. 4, October 1987 Printed in U.S.A. Risk factors for spontaneous abortion in menotropintreated women Michael Bohrer, M.D.*
More informationVital initiation of pregnancy (VIP) using human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin ovulation induction: Phase
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1983 The American Fertility Society Printed in U.SA. i i Vital initiation of pregnancy (VIP) using human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin ovulation
More informationPerformance of patients with a ''frozen pelvis" in an in vitro fertilization program
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1987 The American Fertility Society Printed in U.8A. Performance of patients with a ''frozen pelvis" in an in vitro fertilization program David Molloy, F.R.A.C.O.G.*t
More informationClinical ICSI in the horse:
Clinical ICSI in the horse: differences and similarities to human in an in vitro maturation-based system Katrin Hinrichs College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University Standard
More informationChapter 1. Chapter 2. Chapter 3
Summary To perform IUI some conditions are required. This includes 1) a certain amount of progressively motile spermatozoa, 2) the presence of ovulation, 3) the presence of functional fallopian tubes,
More informationThe use of high-dose human menopausal gonadotropin in an in vitro fertilization program
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 98 The American Fertility Society Vol. 40, No.6, December 98 Printed in U.8A. The use of high-dose human menopausal gonadotropin in an in vitro fertilization program Neri
More informationhamster ova A chromosomal method to distinguish between X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa of the bull in zona-free offspring.
A chromosomal method to distinguish between X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa of the bull in zona-free hamster ova H. Tateno and K. Mikamo Department of Biological Sciences, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa,
More informationUnderstanding eggs, sperm and embryos. Marta Jansa Perez Wolfson Fertility Centre
Understanding eggs, sperm and embryos Marta Jansa Perez Wolfson Fertility Centre What does embryology involve? Aims of the embryology laboratory Creation of a large number of embryos and supporting their
More informationBiology of fertility control. Higher Human Biology
Biology of fertility control Higher Human Biology Learning Intention Compare fertile periods in females and males What is infertility? Infertility is the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting
More information(FITC) or rhodamine blue isothiocyanate (RBITC) for use in mixed egg-transfer experiments. Both FITC and RBITC bind to the zona pellucida
THE LABELLING OF LIVING RABBIT OVA WITH FLUORESCENT DYES J. W. OVERSTREET Department of Anatomy and International Institute for the Study of Human Reproduction, Columbia University, College of Physicians
More informationCLEAVAGE OF HUMAN OVA IN VITRO*
FERTILITY AND STERn.1TY Copyright., 1971 by The WiUiams & Wilkins Co. Vol. 22, No.4, April 1971 Printed in U.S.A. CLEAVAGE OF HUMAN OVA IN VITRO* H. M. SEITZ, JR., M.D., G. ROCHA, M.D., B. G. BRACKETI,
More informationCharacterization of Anti-Hamster ZP-0 Monoclonal Antibody
Characterization of Anti-Hamster ZP-0 Monoclonal Antibody K. Ookata (1), K.Takagishi (1), S. Konno (2) and T. Oikawa(1,2) (1) Developmental and Reproductive Biology Center, Yamagata 990, Japan and (2)
More informationA prospective randomized study comparing needles of different diameters for transvaginal ultrasound-directed follicle aspiration
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1996 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Printed on acid-free paper in U. S. A. A prospective randomized study comparing needles of different diameters for transvaginal
More informationDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, California College of Medicine, Orange, California
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1988 The American Fertility Society Vol. 49, No. 2, February 1988 Printed in U.S.A. Oocyte donation and gamete intrafallopian transfer premature ovarian failure*. 1n
More informationBenefit of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in patients with a high incidence of triploidy in a prior in vitro fertilization cycle
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION Benefit of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in patients with a high incidence of triploidy in a prior in vitro fertilization cycle Sunny H. Jun, M.D., a Thomas O Leary, B.S., b Katharine
More informationOocyte maturation. A.Trounson 1 ' 3, C.Anderiesz 1, G.MJones 1, A.Kausche 1, N.Lolatgis 2 and C.Wood 2
A.Trounson 1 ' 3, C.Anderiesz 1, G.MJones 1, A.Kausche 1, N.Lolatgis 2 and C.Wood 2 Centre for Early Human Development, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre,
More informationA CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF NINE PREGNANCIES OBTAINED BY IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO TRANSFER
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1981 The American Fertility Society Vol. 35, No.5, May 1981 Printed in U.8A. A CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF NINE PREGNANCIES OBTAINED BY IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO TRANSFER
More informationARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION HOMOLOGOUS WITH OLIGOSPERMIC SEMEN SEPARATED ON ALBUMIN COLUMNS*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1979 The American Fertility SOciety Vol. 31, No. I, January 1979 Printed in V.SA. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION HOMOLOGOUS WITH OLIGOSPERMIC SEMEN SEPARATED ON ALBUMIN COLUMNS*
More informationEndometriosis impairs the efficacy of gamete intrafallopian transfer: results of a case-control study*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Vol. 62, No. 6, December 1994 Copyright 1994 The American Fertility Society Printed on acid-free paprr in U. 8. A. Endometriosis impairs the efficacy of gamete intrafallopian transfer:
More informationDr Manuela Toledo - Procedures in ART -
Dr Manuela Toledo - Procedures in ART - Fertility Specialist MBBS FRANZCOG MMed CREI Specialities: IVF & infertility Fertility preservation Consulting Locations East Melbourne Planning a pregnancy - Folic
More informationA.M.Courtot 1 and W.Lin-Tong. Materials and methods
Human Reproduction vol.3 no.5 pp.651-655, 1988 Initial stages of sperm-egg interaction in a heterospecific system: fate of the post-acrosomal sheath and appearance of a particular material within the oocyte
More informationIn vitro fertilization outcome in the presence of severe male factor infertility*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Vol. 63, No.5, May 1995 Copyright 1995 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Printed on acid-free paper in U. S. A. In vitro fertilization outcome in the presence of severe
More information* Present address: Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1993 The American Fertility Society Vol. 59, No. 6, June 1993 Printed on acid-free paper in U.S.A. A randomized trial of in vitro fertilization versus conventional treatment
More information