Serum Levels of FSH and LH During the Menstrual Cycle of the Chimpanzee
|
|
- Derrick Johnston
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 BOLOGY OF RPRODUCTO 4, -5 (97) Serum Levels of FSH and LH During the Menstrual Cycle of the Chimpanzee B.. HOWLAD, C. FAMA,3 AD T. M. BUTLR Departnzents of Oral Biology arid Physiology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg 3, Ca,,acla, and the 65 7st Aeroinedical Research Laboratory (AFSC), Hollonian Air Force Base, ew Mexico 8833 Received December 8, 97 The serum levels of FSH and LH were measured throughout the menstrual cycle of four chimpanzees by means of human gonadotropin radioimmunoassays. A midcycle LH peak was observed during each cycle. Two periods of elevated FSH levels were noted; one early in the cycle commencing near the time of onset of menstruation; the second at or near the time of the midcycle LH peak. n one animal that became pregnant, a second rise in the levels of LH, presumably due to cross reactivity in the assay by chorionic gonadotropin, occurred days after the first LH peak. The data suggest that the fluctuations in FSH and LH during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy are similar in chimpanzees and women. Subhuman primates, particularly the chimpanzee, should provide excellent models for studying problems in human reproductive physiology. The advantages of investigating human-related problems in an experimental species with a similar reproductive cycle are obvious. Unfortunately there is limited information regarding urinary levels of gonadotropins in subhuman primates, and until recently no data on blood levels were available. McArthur and Perley (969) reported levels of general gonadotropin in the urine of the rhesus monkey, stumptail monkey, baboon, and chimpanzee. Only in the chimpanzee was it possible to use specific assay techniques for quantitating FSH and LH throughout the menstrual cycle. n the human, radioimmunoassay methods have made it possible to measure blood levels of FSH and LH (Jaffe and Midgley, 969). Recently this technique has The animals used in this study were handled in accordance with the Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care established by the ational Academy of Science-ational Research Council. Address reprint requests: Dr. B.. Howland, Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg 3, Manitoba, Canada. M. R. C. Canada Scholar. been extended to the rhesus monkey (Kirton et a!., 97; Monroe ci a!., 97) and the baboon (Stevens ci a!., 97) making it possible to measure blood levels of LH in these species. Radioimmunoassay methods for estimating gonadotropins in other primate species have not been reported. The present report describes the changes in serum FSH and LH levels during the menstrual cycle in chimpanzees as measured by human gonadotropin radioimmunoassay methods. One animal became pregnant during the menstrual cycle under study providing the opportunity to determine changes in gonadotropin levels at the inception of pregnancy. MATRALS AD MTHODS xperimental A,,imals. Four adult female chimpanzees from the breeding colony at the 657 st Aeromedical Research Laboratory were studied. Menstrual cycle histories were available on all animals. Changes in sex skin swelling and periods of menstrual bleeding were recorded for each animal. Venous blood samples were collected daily during the midportion of the menstrual cycle and at 2-3-day intervals at other stages. The blood was allowed to clot and the serum was frozen at - 2C until assayed. Gonadotropi, Assays. All FSH values and the LH values of two cycles were measured using human
2 2 HOWLAD, FAMA, AD BUTLR TABL FFCT OF VOLUM OF CHMPAZ SRUM ASSAYD Volume of pooled serum assayed (ml) O FSH AD LH MASURD Hormone concentration Pool Pool 2 Pool 3 Pool 4 FSH LW LW LHb LW #{76}Concentration in g LR-97/l ml. Concentration in mlu 2nd RP-HMG/ml. gonadotropin radioimmunoassays previously described (Faiman and Ryan, l967a, b; Ryan and Faiman, 968). The human pituitary preparation LR- 97 was used as the assay standard. The LH values in the other two cycles were determined by a similar double-antibody method, using an anti-hcg serum and 25-labeled human LH (LR 822-2) as the trace (Howland, unpublished). For these assays the Second nternational Reference Preparation of Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (2nd RP-HMG) was employed as the assay standard. The antibody showed some cross reactivity with purified human FSH. However, when the same series of samples was assayed using this method and the above-mentioned specific method, the relative changes in LH from sample to sample were in close agreement. Most values represent the mean of duplicate determinations. RSULTS The chimpanzee serum behaved in the human gonadotropin radioimmunoassays in a manner identical with that of human serum. Dose-response curves that paralleled the human standards were obtained in each of the methods used. Reliable estimates of either FSH or LH concentration were obtained using volumes of serum ranging from.5 to.5 ml (Table ). The gonadotropin levels and sex skin changes are shown in Fig.. A midcycle elevation in serum LH concentrations lasting for -3 days was observed in each animal. The timing of the LH peak varied from day of the cycle in animal 247 to day 32 in animal 23. Two periods of elevated FSH values were noted, one early in the cycle with the rise usually beginning with the onset of menstruation and the second at or near the time of the LH peak. n three of the four cycles, the midcycle LH and FSH peaks were coincident. The cycle length of animal 247 was only 22 days or some 8 days shorter than usual. Animal 23 had a 43-day cycle which was about 6 days longer than usual. Animal 25 showed a normal cycle length and the cycle for animal 48 which previously had been about 3 days in length terminated in pregnancy. The length of the luteal phase of the cycle (LH peak to menses) was much less variable than the length of the entire cycle and ranged from 2-4 days. The levels of an LH-like hormone began to rise days following the LH peak in animal 48 and appeared to be still rising at the time of the last sampling 6 days later. Dilution of one of the samples during this second elevation in immunoreactive LH showed nonparallelism with the assay standard (Table 2). During this period FSH levels remained low. o subsequent menstruation occurred and the animal was later found to be pregnant. Fluctuations in sex skin swelling continued during early pregnancy; however, this is not unusual in the chimpanzee. There appeared to be no relationship between the onset of sex skin swelling and the time of the LH peak. n the three nonpregnant animals, sex skin regression began 4-7 days after the LH peak while in the pregnant animal the regression was delayed until days following the LH peak. DSCUSSO The cross reaction between chimpanzee gonadotropins and antibodies to human gonadotropins has enabled us to measure serum levels of both FSH and LH in the chimpanzee. Because chimpanzee hormones
3 CHMPAZ FSH AD LH 3 8 4( o 25 SH 2C S R _. 2i -J 5 #{49}2 i 5 o 23 C 4 C -J 2 k::5tt FG.. Serum LH and FSH concentrations and sex skin changes during the menstrual cycle in four adult chimpanzees. The horizontal bars indicate days of menstrual flow: S indicates the start of sex skin swelling; M indicates that sex skin swelling had reached a maximum; R indicates the day the sex skin started receding. were not available, it was necessary to use human standards. Although the degree of cross reactivity is unknown, the parallelism between chimpanzee serum and human standards, as well as the observation that serum gonadotropin levels are comparable to the human, suggest the possibility of a close antigenic similarity between chimpanzee and human gonadotropins. This study demonstrates for the first time that available human assays can be utilized to measure other primate pituitary gonadotropins. We believe that this is also the first report of serum FSH levels in subhuman primates. Previous studies have failed to show evidence of cross reactivity between monkey and human pituitary gonadotropins (eill eta!., 967; Faiman eta!., 967). These TABL 2 FFCT OF VOLUM OF PRGAT CHMPAZ Volume of serum assayed (ml) SRUM O LH MASURD LH concentration #{76}Concentration in zg LR-97/l ml. findings have prompted the development of a specific assay for rhesus monkey LH (Monroe ci a!., 97) and the use of antimonkey LH serum for developing an assay for baboon LH (Stevens ci a!., 97). Methods for FSH in these species are still not available. A thorough screening of available
4 4 HOWLAD, FAMA, AD BUTLR antibodies to human gonadotropins for possible cross reactivity with various primate gonadotropins may reveal other antisera which are suitable for assaying gonadotropins in the chimpanzee and other species. This may also apply to other pituitary hormones and, in fact, a radioimmunoassay system for human TSH has been applied to the measurement of circulating TSH levels in the rhesus monkey (Wherry ci a!., 97). The use of human standards allows direct comparison of human and chimpanzee hormone levels. Although these comparisons may not be entirely valid with respect to absolute levels, certainly the relative changes in gonadotropin levels can be compared. f the differences in standards are taken into account, the absolute levels and the cyclic changes in LH in chimpanzees are similar to those reported for women (Midgley and Jaffe, 966; Faiman and Ryan, 967c, Cargille ci a!., 969). Similarly, the levels and cyclic changes in FSH in the chimpanzee resemble those observed in women by Faiman and Ryan (l967c) and Cargille ci a!. (969). Further evidence of similarity between humans and chimpanzees with respect to LH secretion was presented by McArthur and Perley (969). They observed that the urinary LH excretion pattern, as well as the absolute levels of urinary LH in cycling chimpanzees resembled those in women. They also found maximal urinary FSH levels during the follicular phase of the cycle, which is consistent with our serum measurements, but were unable to detect a midcycle rise. The baboon, unlike the chimpanzee, has been found to have peak levels of LH in both serum and urine which are about one-third human levels (Stevens ci a!., 97). Also, the duration of the midcycle rise in serum LH concentrations was found to be shorter in the baboon (Stevens ci a!., 97) and the rhesus monkey (Kirton ci a!., 97) than that reported in the human (Jaffe and Midgley, 969), or observed in the chimpanzee in the present study. The rise in immunoreactive hormone days after the LH peak in animal 48 was presumed to be due to chorionic gonadotropin. This material cross-reacted in a nonidentical fashion in the LH assay (Table 2). The presence of chorionic gonadotropin in the urine of pregnant chimpanzees has been reported (Zuckerman, 935; Schultz and Snyder, 935). The timing of this rise in serum levels of this placental hormone is in close agreement with the two observations in women where serum HCG levels began to rise 9 days after the LH peak (Jaffe ci a!., 969; Parlow ci a!., 97). The FSH level remained low at the time the chimpanzee chorionic gonadotropin level was rising. n women, the rise in HCG in early pregnancy has been associated with a drop in serum FSH to very low or undetectable levels (Jaffe ci a!., 969; Parlow ci a!., 97). The visible changes in the degree of sex skin swelling in the female chimpanzee provide a convenient means of identifying the approximate stage of the menstrual cycle. n attempting to correlate the time of ovulation with sex skin changes, lder (938) observed that conception took place only in cases where coitus had occurred within the last 6 days of maximum sex skin swelling. n a later study (Young and Yerkes, 943), examination of chimpanzee ovaries at laparotomy indicated that ovulation usually occurred just prior to sex skin detumescence. n the three nonpregnant animals in this study, the ovulatory surge of LH occurred 4-7 days before sex skin swelling started to regress. n the pregnant animal, however, the peak occurred days prior to initial sex skin regression. A very constant time interval of - days between the first day of detumescence and the beginning of the next menstrual period was reported by lder and Yerkes (936). This was not observed in the animals of this study where the intervals ranged from 5- days. Young and Yerkes (943) found that a short postswelling phase was not indicative of ovulatory failure. This
5 CHMPAZ FSH AD LH 5 is consistent with our observations of apparently normal gonadotropin levels and LH peaks in all animals while the interval between first observable detumescence and menstrual bleeding was only 5 and 8 days in two of them. Our observations suggest that although the length of the luteal phase in this species is relatively constant, the timing of the onset of sex skin regression during this phase is variable and is of limited value in determining the time of ovulation or predicting the time of onset of the next menses. ACKOWLDGMTS This work was supported in part by a grant from the University of Manitoba Graduate Research Fund and by M. R. C. Canada Grant MA The human LH preparations, LR-97 and LR-822-2, were kindly supplied by Dr. L.. Reichert, mory University. The 2nd RP-HMG was a gift from the Medical Research Council, ational nstitute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London. RFRCS CARGLL, C. M., Ross, G. T., AD YOSHM, T. (969). Daily variations in plasma follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and progesterone in the normal menstrual cycle. J. Chin. ndocrinol. 29, 2-9. LDR, J. H. (938). The time of ovulation in chimpanzees. Yale J. Bin!. Med., LDR, J. H., AD YRKS, R. M. (936). The sexual cycle of the chimpanzee. Anat. Rec. 67, FAMA, C., AD RYA, R. J. (l967a). Radioimmunoassay for human follicle stimulating hormone. J. Chin. ndocrinol. 27, FAMA, C., AD RYA, R. J. (l967b). Radioimmunoassay for human luteinizing hormone. Proc. Soc. xp. Biol. Med. 25, FAMA, C., AD RYA, R. J. (l967c). Serum folliclestimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations during the menstrual cycle as determined by radioimmunoassays. J. Cliii. ndocrinob. 27, l7-7t6. FAMA, C., RYA, R. J., GRSL, J. G., AD R- CHRT, L.., JR. (967). Species specificity of FSH and LH as determined by radioimmunoassay. Proc. Soc. xp. Biol. Med. 25, JAFF, R. B., L, P. A., AD MDGLY, A. R., JR. (969). Serum gonadotropins before, at the inception of, and following human pregnancy. J. Cliii. ndorinol. 29, JAFF, R. B., AD MDGLY, A. R. (969). Current status of human gonadotropin radioimmunoassay. Obstet. Gynecob. Surv. 24, KRTO, K. T., SWDR, G. G., MDGLY, A. R., JR., JAFF, R. B., AD FORBS. A. D. (97). Serum luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentration during the menstrual cycle of the rhesus monkey. J. Cliii. ndocrinol. 3, 5-. MCARTHUR, J. W., AD PRLY, R. (969). Urinary gonadotropin excretion by infrahuman primates. ndocriiiology 84, MDOLY, A. R., JR., AD JAFF, R. B. (966). Human luteinizing hormone in serum during the menstrual cycle: determination by radioimmunoassay. J. Cliii. ndocri,iol. 26, MORO, S.., PCKHAM, W. D., LL, J. D., AD KOBL,. (97). A radioimmunoassay for rhesus monkey luteinizing hormone (Rh LH). ndocrinology 86, 2-8. LL, J. D., PCKHAM, W. D., AD KBL,. (967). Apparent absence of immunological crossreactivity between human and simian gonadotropic hormones as determined by radioimmunoassay. ature Loiido,i 23, 4-5. PARLOW, A. F., DAA, T. A., AD DGAM, W. J. (97). On the concentration of radioimmunoassayable FSH circulating in blood throughout human pregnancy. J. Chin. ndocrinol. 3, RYA, R. J., AD FAMA, C. (968). Radioimmunoassay of human follicle stimulating hormone: A comparison of several antisera. xcerpla Med. Fou,ich. hit. Co,igr. Ser. o. 6, SCHULTZ, A. H., AD SYDR, F. F. (935). Observations on reproduction in the chimpanzee. Bulb. Jo/iiis Hopkins Hosp. 57, STVS, V. C., SPARKS, S. J., AD POWLL, J.. (97). Levels of estrogens, progestogens and luteinizing hormone during the menstrual cycle of the baboon. ndocrinobogy 87, WHRRY, F.., PGTO, L. L., BATS, R. W., GARRSO, M. M., HL, A. L., AD MASO, J. W. (97). mmunologic cross-reactivity between monkey and human thyroid stimulating hormone as determined by radioimmunoassay; a rapid procedure for purifying labeled 5-TSH. ndocrinology 86, YOUG, W. C., AD YRKS, R. M. (943). Factors influencing the reproductive cycle in the chimpanzee; the period of adolescent sterility and related problems. ndocriiiobogy 33, ZUCKRMA, S. (935). The Ascheim-Zondek diagnosis of pregnancy in the chimpanzee. Amer. J. Phi ysiob., 597-!.
Carolyn Pheteplace. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Surgery, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. Boston, Massachusetts, U. S. A. FOLLICLESTIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE
More informationDaily blood hormone levels related to the luteinizing hormone surge in anovulatory cycles
FRTILITY AND STRILITY Copyright 1983 The American Fertility Society Printed in U.8A. Daily blood hormone levels related to the luteinizing hormone surge in anovulatory cycles Chung H. Wu, M.D. * F. Susan
More informationand Luteinizing Hormone as Measured by Radioimmunoassay Correlated with Sexual Development in Hypopituitary Subjects
Serum Follicular - Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone as Measured by Radioimmunoassay Correlated with Sexual Development in Hypopituitary Subjects ROBERT PENNY, THOMAS P. FOLEY, JR., and ROBERT
More informationFemale Reproductive System. Lesson 10
Female Reproductive System Lesson 10 Learning Goals 1. What are the five hormones involved in the female reproductive system? 2. Understand the four phases of the menstrual cycle. Human Reproductive System
More informationInvestigation: The Human Menstrual Cycle Research Question: How do hormones control the menstrual cycle?
Investigation: The Human Menstrual Cycle Research Question: How do hormones control the menstrual cycle? Introduction: The menstrual cycle (changes within the uterus) is an approximately 28-day cycle that
More informationLIE ASSAY OF GONADOTROPIN in human blood is one of the most important
Changes in Human Serum FSH Levels During the Normal Menstrual Cycle MASAO IGARASHI, M.D., JUNJI KAMIOKA, M.D., YOICHI EHARA, M.D., and SEIICHI MATSUMOTO, M.D. LIE ASSAY OF GONADOTROPIN in human blood is
More information1. During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, the hypothalamus releases GnRH.
1. During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, the hypothalamus releases GnRH. 2. This causes the anterior pituitary to secrete small quantities of FSH and LH. 3. At this time, the follicles in the
More informationEndocrinology of the Female Reproductive Axis
Endocrinology of the Female Reproductive Axis girlontheriver.com Geralyn Lambert-Messerlian, PhD, FACB Professor Women and Infants Hospital Alpert Medical School at Brown University Women & Infants BROWN
More informationReproductive Hormones
Reproductive Hormones Male gonads: testes produce male sex cells! sperm Female gonads: ovaries produce female sex cells! ovum The union of male and female sex cells during fertilization produces a zygote
More information10.7 The Reproductive Hormones
10.7 The Reproductive Hormones December 10, 2013. Website survey?? QUESTION: Who is more complicated: men or women? The Female Reproductive System ovaries: produce gametes (eggs) produce estrogen (steroid
More informationCorrelation of Serum Follicular Stimulating Hormone
Correlation of Serum Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hornone (LH) as Measured by Radioimmunoassay in Disorders of Sexual Development ROBERT PENNY, HARVEY J. GUYDA, ALIcE BAGHDASSARIAN,
More informationHormonal Control of Human Reproduction
Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction Bởi: OpenStaxCollege The human male and female reproductive cycles are controlled by the interaction of hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary with
More informationREPRODUCTION & GENETICS. Hormones
REPRODUCTION & GENETICS Hormones http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=np0wfu_mgzo Objectives 2 Define what hormones are; Compare and contrast the male and female hormones; Explain what each hormone in the mail
More informationChapter 14 Reproduction Review Assignment
Date: Mark: _/45 Chapter 14 Reproduction Review Assignment Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Use the diagram above to answer the next question.
More informationConcentrations of Circulating Gonadotropins During. Various Reproductive States in Mares
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION, 744-75 (19) Concentrations of Circulating Gonadotropins During Various Reproductive States in Mares KURT F. MILLER, S. L. BERG, D. C. SHARP and. J. GINTHER Department of Veterinary
More informationN. Shirazian, MD. Endocrinologist
N. Shirazian, MD Internist, Endocrinologist Inside the ovary Day 15-28: empty pyfollicle turns into corpus luteum (yellow body) Immature eggs Day 1-13: 13: egg developing inside the growing follicle Day
More informationThe Human Menstrual Cycle
The Human Menstrual Cycle Name: The female human s menstrual cycle is broken into two phases: the Follicular Phase and the Luteal Phase. These two phases are separated by an event called ovulation. (1)
More informationMICROWELL ELISA LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) ENZYMEIMMUNOASSAY TEST KIT LH ELISA. Cat # 4225Z
DIAGNOSTIC AUTOMATION, INC. 23961 Craftsman Road, Suite D/E/F, Calabasas, CA 91302 Tel: (818) 591-3030 Fax: (818) 591-8383 onestep@rapidtest.com technicalsupport@rapidtest.com www.rapidtest.com See external
More informationHCG (human chorionic gonadotropin); Novarel Pregnyl (chorionic gonadotropin); Ovidrel (choriogonadotropin alfa)
Federal Employee Program 1310 G Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005 202.942.1000 Fax 202.942.1125 5.08.09 Subject: HCG Page: 1 of 5 Last Review Date: June 19, 2015 HCG Powder, Novarel, Pregnyl, Ovidrel
More informationChanges of Hypophysio-Ovarian Endocrinological Function by Aging in Women
Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1977, 121, 231-238 Changes of Hypophysio-Ovarian Endocrinological Function by Aging in Women NOBUAKI FURUHASHI, MASAKUNI SUZUKI, TETSURO ABE, YOSHIHIRO YAMAY A and KATSUYUKI TAKAHASHI
More informationChapter 28: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: MALE
Chapter 28: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: MALE I. FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY (Fig. 28.1) A. Testes: glands which produce male gametes, as well as glands producing testosterone 2. Seminiferous tubules (Fig.28.3; 28.5) a.
More informationReproductive Health and Pituitary Disease
Reproductive Health and Pituitary Disease Janet F. McLaren, MD Assistant Professor Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology jmclaren@uabmc.edu Objectives
More informationSuperovulation of Beef Heifers with Follicle Stimulating Hormone or Human Menopausal Gonadotropin: Acute Effects on Hormone Secretion
Superovulation of Beef Heifers with Follicle Stimulating Hormone or Human Menopausal Gonadotropin: Acute Effects on Hormone Secretion A.S. Leaflet R1362 Acacia A. Alcivar, graduate research assistant,
More informationDifferences in ovarian stimulation in human menopausal gonadotropin treated woman may be related to follicle-stimulating hormone accumulation*
FRTILITY AND STRILITY Copyright 0 1986 The American Fertility Society Vol. 46, No.4, October 1986 Printed in U.8A. Differences in ovarian stimulation in human menopausal gonadotropin treated woman may
More informationCASE 41. What is the pathophysiologic cause of her amenorrhea? Which cells in the ovary secrete estrogen?
CASE 41 A 19-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist with complaints of not having had a period for 6 months. She reports having normal periods since menarche at age 12. She denies sexual activity,
More informationReproductive FSH. Analyte Information
Reproductive FSH Analyte Information 1 Follicle-stimulating hormone Introduction Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, also known as follitropin) is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary
More informationLUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE FOR INDUCTION OF FOLLICULAR MATURATION AND OVULATION IN WOMEN WITH INFERTILITY AND AMENORRHEA*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright < 1976 The American Fertility Society Vol. 27, No.6, June 1976 Printed in V.SA. LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE FOR INDUCTION OF FOLLICULAR MATURATION AND OVULATION
More informationFemale Reproductive Physiology. Dr Raelia Lew CREI, FRANZCOG, PhD, MMed, MBBS Fertility Specialist, Melbourne IVF
Female Reproductive Physiology Dr Raelia Lew CREI, FRANZCOG, PhD, MMed, MBBS Fertility Specialist, Melbourne IVF REFERENCE Lew, R, Natural History of ovarian function including assessment of ovarian reserve
More informationTwo important cells in female are the theca cells and the granulose cells. Granulosa cells are affected by the two gonadotropin hormones; FSH and LH.
1 UGS physiology sheet #13 lecture 3 Dr.Saleem Khresha. Now we will start discussing the female reproductive system Ovarian Steroids Two important cells in female are the theca cells and the granulose
More informationSuperovulation of Beef Heifers with Follicle Stimulating Hormone or Human Menopausal Gonadotropin: Acute Effects on Hormone Secretion
Beef Research Report, 1996 Animal Science Research Reports 1997 Superovulation of Beef Heifers with Follicle Stimulating Hormone or Human Menopausal Gonadotropin: Acute Effects on Hormone Secretion Acacia
More information9.4 Regulating the Reproductive System
9.4 Regulating the Reproductive System The Reproductive System to unite a single reproductive cell from a female with a single reproductive cell from a male Both male and female reproductive systems include
More informationInfertility: failure to conceive within one year of unprotected regular sexual intercourse. Primary secondary
Subfertility Infertility: failure to conceive within one year of unprotected regular sexual intercourse. Primary secondary Infertility affects about 15 % of couples. age of the female. Other factors that
More informationNeil Goodman, MD, FACE
Initial Workup of Infertile Couple: Female Neil Goodman, MD, FACE Professor of Medicine Voluntary Faculty University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Scope of Infertility in the United States Affects
More informationTop 5 Fertility Secrets Revealed
Top 5 Fertility Secrets Revealed by Melinda Stevens Brought to you by http://www.pregnancy-online.info All rights reserved, 2007. Copyright 2007, Pregnancy-Online.info 2 Hi, thanks for downloading my free
More informationRadloimmunoassay for Human Follicle-Stimulating
Radloimmunoassay for Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone: Physiological Studies W. D. ODELL, A. F. PRuLow, C. M. CGRGu R., and G. T. Ross From the Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology,
More informationA SCHEMATIC APPROACH TO THE WORK-UP OF AMENORRHEA
FERTLTY AND STERLTY Copyright 977 The American Fertility Society Vol. 28, No.3, March 977 Printed in U.SA. A SCHEMATC APPROACH TO THE ORK-UP OF AMENORRHEA RYOSUKE NAKANO, M.D. NOBUYUK HASHBA, M.D. FUMKAZU
More informationReproduction and Development. Female Reproductive System
Reproduction and Development Female Reproductive System Outcomes 5. Identify the structures in the human female reproductive system and describe their functions. Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, Uterus, Endometrium,
More informationReproductive Testing: Less is More G. Wright Bates, Jr., M.D. Professor and Director Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Objectives
Reproductive Testing: Less is More G. Wright Bates, Jr., M.D. Professor and Director Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Objectives 1. Review definition of infertility and impact of age 2. Stress
More informationDEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND APPLICATION OF A RAPID METHOD FOR DETECTION OF OVULATION IN GREAT APES AND IN WOMEN*
FERTLTY AND STERLTY Copyright c 1981 The American Fertility Society Vol. 35, No.6, June 1981 Printed in U.SA. DEVELOPMENT, VALDATON, AND APPLCATON OF A RAPD METHOD FOR DETECTON OF OVULATON N GREAT APES
More informationTiming is everything. Ovulation Tracking. 3 Cycles bulk-billed
Timing is everything Ovulation Tracking 3 Cycles bulk-billed Contents Getting pregnant naturally 3 Getting pregnant the basics 3 What is ovulation? 3 Menstrual cycle 4 When does ovulation take place? 4
More informationTRHC.UEMEE Ph P y h si s o i logy l of fmen M str st u r at a i t on i
. TRHCUEMEE Physiology of Menstruation Learning objectives: By the end of this lecture the students should be able to: Define menstruation. List the Characters of normal menstruation Enumerate Components
More information(Received 5th July 1968)
EFFECT OF AN INTRA-UTERINE DEVICE ON CONCEPTION AND OVULATION IN THE RHESUS MONKEY W. A. KELLY, J. H. MARSTON and P. ECKSTEIN Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Birmingham 15 (Received 5th July 1968)
More informationCourse: Animal Production. Instructor: Ms. Hutchinson. Objectives: After completing this unit of instruction, students will be able to:
Course: Animal Production Unit Title: Hormones TEKS: 130.3 (C)(6)(A) Instructor: Ms. Hutchinson Objectives: After completing this unit of instruction, students will be able to: A. Define what hormones
More informationI. Endocrine System & Hormones Figure 1: Human Endocrine System
I. Endocrine System & Hormones Figure 1: Human Endocrine System Endocrine System: a) Endocrine glands are ductless since they lack specific vessels for the transport of hormones throughout the body. Instead,
More informationPregnancy Test on a Urine Sample. Amal Alamri
Pregnancy Test on a Urine Sample Amal Alamri Molecular characteristics of HCG hcg is a glycoprotein composed of two subunits, αand β, held together by ionic and hydrophobic forces. The α - subunit is a
More informationChapter 14 The Reproductive System
Biology 12 Name: Reproductive System Per: Date: Chapter 14 The Reproductive System Complete using BC Biology 12, page 436-467 14. 1 Male Reproductive System pages 440-443 1. Distinguish between gametes
More informationUrine Volume and the Menstrual Cycle
Urine Volume and the Menstrual Cycle WAYNE L. RYAN, PH.D. THE need for a simple test to detect ovulation has been discussed by Behrman. The test, in order to solve present needs, would have to be sufficiently
More informationsuccessfully induced an increase in size of the ovaries, due to an markedly in other species investigated. There has nevertheless been
612.492.8: 612.621 THE REACTION OF FEMALE MONKEYS TO VARIOUS TYPES OF GONADOTROPIC EXTRACTS. By P. DE FREMERY. From N.V. Organon Laboratories, Oss. (Received for publication 4th January 1939.) HISTORICAL.
More informationFertility Diagnostics
Fertility Diagnostics Fertility hormones measured on PATHFAST For internal use only Diagnostics PATHFAST Chemiluminescence-immuno-analyzer 1 Content: page 1. Fertility hormones - general aspects 1.1 Reproductive
More informationTiming is everything. Ovulation Tracking. 3 Cycles no out-of-pocket* Patient Information Booklet
Timing is everything Ovulation Tracking Patient Information Booklet 3 Cycles no out-of-pocket* Contents Getting pregnant naturally 3 Getting pregnant the basics 3 What is ovulation? 3 Menstrual cycle 4
More informationFemale reproductive cycle: A Comprehensive Review Rachel Ledden Paper for Bachelors in Science January 20, 2018
Running head: 1 Female reproductive cycle: A Comprehensive Review Rachel Ledden Paper for Bachelors in Science January 20, 2018 Female reproductive cycle: A Comprehensive Review 2 The reproductive cycle
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE: match the term(s) or description with the appropriate letter of the structure.
Chapter 27 Exam Due NLT Thursday, July 31, 2015 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE: match the term(s) or description with the appropriate letter of the structure. Figure 27.1 Using Figure 27.1, match the following:
More informationPersistent Low Concentration of Human Chorionic Gonatodtropin in a Nonpregnant Woman
Papers in Press. Published November 16, 2007 as doi:10.1373/clinchem.2007.092411 The latest version is at http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/doi/10.1373/clinchem.2007.092411 Clinical Chemistry 54:1 000 000 (2008)
More informationThe importance of human chorionic gonadotropin support of the corpus luteum during human gonadotropin therapy in women with anovulatory infertility
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 0 1988 The American Fertility Society Printed in U.S.A. The importance of human chorionic gonadotropin support of the corpus luteum during human gonadotropin therapy in
More informationAnimal Reproduction Chapter 46. Fission. Budding. Parthenogenesis. Fragmentation 11/27/2017
Animal Reproduction Chapter 46 Both asexual and sexual reproduction occur in the animal kingdom Sexual reproduction is the creation of an offspring by fusion of a male gamete (sperm) and female gamete
More informationTime / days. Explain how the release of FSH is controlled by negative feedback.
1. The graph shows the changes in concentration of the hormones responsible for controlling the menstrual cycle. A Hormone concentration Oestrogen B C 0 14 28 Time / days WD Phillips and TJ Chilton A Level
More informationAP Biology Ch ANIMAL REPRODUCTION. Using only what you already know (you cannot look up anything) complete the chart below.
AP Biology Ch. 46 - ANIMAL REPRODUCTION Using only what you already know (you cannot look up anything) complete the chart below. I. Overview of Animal Reproduction A. Both asexual and sexual reproduction
More informationStage 4 - Ovarian Cancer Symptoms
WELCOME Stage 4 - Ovarian Cancer Symptoms University of Baghdad College of Nursing Department of Basic Medical Sciences Overview of Anatomy and Physioloy II Second Year Students Asaad Ismail Ahmad,
More informationThe Science of your Cycle
The Science of your Cycle Day 3: Get to know your cycle (Part I) with Jennifer Aldoretta Cofounder & CEO of Groove Today s goals Learn how your hormones work together to create the changes that happen
More informationTest Briefing on Hormonal Disorders and Infertility
Test Briefing on Hormonal Disorders and Infertility Test Briefing on Hormonal Disorders Common Tests FSH LH Progesterone Estradiol Prolactin Testosterone AFP AMH PCOS Panel FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
More informationLUTEINIZED UNRUPTURED FOLLICLE SYNDROME: A SUBTLE CAUSE OF INFERTILITY*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright c 1978 The American Fertility Society Vol. 29, No.3, March 1978 Printed in U.S.A. LUTEINIZED UNRUPTURED FOLLICLE SYNDROME: A SUBTLE CAUSE OF INFERTILITY* JAROSLA V MARIK,
More informationReproductive System. Testes. Accessory reproductive organs. gametogenesis hormones. Reproductive tract & Glands
Reproductive System Testes gametogenesis hormones Accessory reproductive organs Reproductive tract & Glands transport gametes provide nourishment for gametes Hormonal regulation in men Hypothalamus - puberty
More informationDIRECT BASOPHIL COUNT FOR TIMING OVULATION
FERTLTY AND STERLTY Copyright 1974 The American Fertility Society Vbl. 25. No.8, August 1974 Printed in U.S.A DRECT BASOPHL COUNT FOR TMNG OVULATON LSE LOTTE METTLER, M.D., AND DARUS SHRWAN, M.D. Timing
More informationLH (Urine) ELISA Kit. Cat. No.:DEIA2231 Pkg.Size:96T. Intended use. General Description
LH (Urine) ELISA Kit Cat. No.:DEIA2231 Pkg.Size:96T Intended use The LH (Urine) ELISA is an enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative in vitro diagnostic measurement of LH in urine. This test is used to
More informationFollicle profile and plasma gonadotropin concentration in pubertal female ponies
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (0) 37: 913-9 Puberty in female pony ISSN 00-79X 913 Follicle profile and plasma gonadotropin concentration in pubertal female ponies Departamento de
More informationSummary
Summary 118 This thesis is focused on the background of elevated levels of FSH in the early follicular phase of women with regular menstrual cycles. In the introduction (chapter 1) we describe the characteristics
More informationLab Guide Endocrine Section Lab Guide
Lab Guide - 2019 Endocrine Section Lab Guide Estradiol Estradiol, Cerner Name: Estradiol Competitive test principle using a polyclonal antibody specifically directed against 17βestradiol in Roche Cobas
More informationLH (Canine) ELISA Kit
LH (Canine) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA2292 96 assays Version: 05 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle of the Assay...
More informationEndocrine Glands. Endocrine glands
ENDOCRINOLOGY Endocrine Glands Endocrine glands Produce substances called hormones. Ductless glands, i.e., they release hormones directly into the bloodstream Hormones only act at their target tissue where
More informationEndocrine System Hormones & Homeostasis. Regents Biology
Endocrine System Hormones & Homeostasis 2009-2010 Homeostasis Homeostasis maintaining internal balance in the body organism must keep internal conditions stable even if environment changes also called
More informationEgg donation in an in vitro fertilization program: an alternative approach to cycle synchronization and timing of embryo transfer
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright tl 1989 The American Fertility Society Printed on acid-free paper in U. S.A. Egg donation in an in vitro fertilization program: an alternative approach to cycle synchronization
More informationحسین نعمھ مالي شغل بالسوگ مریت اشوفك عطشان حفنھ سنین واروي علی شوفك کون الگلب بیھ باب ینطر وراویك چا گتلي عفیھ علیك دم ولحم بیك
مالي شغل بالسوگ مریت اشوفك عطشان حفنھ سنین واروي علی شوفك کون الگلب بیھ باب ینطر وراویك چا گتلي عفیھ علیك دم ولحم بیك مالي شغل بالسوق/ كلام قدیم ارد اشلع الدلال بعینھ خلھ یشوف لھواي اودیھ ھجره شعمل بیھ
More informationLH (Bovine) ELISA Kit
LH (Bovine) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA2280 96 assays Version: 05 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle of the Assay...
More informationVAGINAL PROGESTERONE FOR CONTRACEPTION
FRTLTY AND STRLTY Copyright 1978 The American Fertility Society Vol. 3, No.6, December 1978 Printed in U.S.A. VAGNAL PROGSTRON FOR CONTRACPTON ARN VCTOR, M.D.* THODOR M. JACKANCZ, PH.D.t LOF D. B. JOHANSSON,
More informationAnalyte Specimen Demographic Reference Range Units
Acetone Negative titer Alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) 10-49 U/L Albumin 3.2-4.8 g/dl Alcohol < 10 Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) < 1.3-8.1 ng/ml Alkaline phosphatase 0 7 days 7 30 days 1 3 3 6 6 12 1 3 3
More informationDATE: NAME: CLASS: Chapter 14 Test
Multiple Choice Questions Decide which of the choices best completes the statement or answers the question. Locate that question number on the separate answer sheet provided. Use the procedure described
More informationSee external label 96 tests ULTRASENSITIVE THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (u-tsh) TSH Ultra Sensitive
DIAGNOSTIC AUTOMATION, INC. 21250 Califa Street, Suite 102 and 116, Woodland Hills, CA 91367 Tel: (818) 591-3030 Fax: (818) 591-8383 onestep@rapidtest.com technicalsupport@rapidtest.com www.rapidtest.com
More informationinjected daily were {Received 7th August 1972) Summary. Groups of rats ovariectomized 5 weeks previously
FFCTS OF XOGNOUS OSTRADIOL AND PROGSTRON ON SRUM LVLS OF PROSTAGLANDIN F AND LUTINIZING HORMON IN CHRONICALLY OVARICTOMIZD RATS S. K. SAKSNA, R. STL and M. J. K. HARPR Worcester Foundation for xperimental
More informationOvarian Characteristics, Serum Hormone Concentrations, and Fertility in Lactating Dairy Cows in Response to Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin
Ovarian Characteristics, Serum Hormone Concentrations, and Fertility in Lactating Dairy Cows in Response to quine Chorionic Gonadotropin S. L. Pulley, L. D. Wallace, H. I. Mellieon, and J. S. Stevenson
More informationMethods Used to Self-Predict Ovulation A Comparative Study
Marquette University e-publications@marquette Nursing Faculty Research and Publications Nursing, College of 5-1-1990 Methods Used to Self-Predict Ovulation A Comparative Study Richard Fehring Marquette
More informationThe reproductive system
The reproductive system THE OVARIAN CYCLE HORMONAL REGULATION OF OOGENSIS AND OVULATION hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis Overview of the structures of the endocrine system Principal functions of the
More informationCHANGES IN LEVELS OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN THE BOVINE PITUITARY GLAND AT OVULATION
CHANGES IN LEVELS OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN THE BOVINE PITUITARY GLAND AT OVULATION A. M. RAKHA and H. A. ROBERTSON The Division of Agricultural Biochemistry, Department
More informationFunctions of male Reproductive System: produce gametes deliver gametes protect and support gametes
Functions of male Reproductive System: produce gametes deliver gametes protect and support gametes Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes after puberty. From the testes they are deposited into the epididymas
More informationREPRODUCTION The diagram below shows a section through seminiferous tubules in a testis.
1. The diagram below shows a section through seminiferous tubules in a testis. Which cell produces testosterone? 2. A function of the interstitial cells in the testes is to produce A sperm B testosterone
More informationPDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/24875
More informationEndocrine and Reproductive Systems. Chapter 39: Biology II
Endocrine and Reproductive Systems Chapter 39: Biology II The Endocrine System Made up of glands that release their products into the bloodstream These products broadcast messages throughout the body Chemicals
More informationTSH (Human) ELISA Kit
TSH (Human) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA0197 96 assays Version: 03 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle of the Assay...
More informationGONADOTROPHIN (LUTEINISING)- RELEASING HORMONE AND ANALOGUES (GnRH OR LHRH)
GONADOTROPHIN (LUTEINISING)- RELEASING HORMONE AND ANALOGUES (GnRH OR LHRH) Naturally occurring hormone, produced by the hypothalamus and transferred to the anterior pituitary gland in the hypophyseal
More information5/5/2010. Infertility FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE. Infertility Definition. Objectives. Normal Human Fertility. Normal Menstrual Cycle
Infertility FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE I HAVE NO FINANCIAL INTEREST IN ANY OF THE PRODUCTS MENTIONED IN MY PRESENTATION Bryan K. Rone, M.D. University of Kentucky Obstetrics and Gynecology I AM RECEIVING COMPENSATION
More informationPhases of the Ovarian Cycle
OVARIAN CYCLE An ovary contains many follicles, and each one contains an immature egg called an oocyte. A female is born with as many as 2 million follicles, but the number is reduced to 300,000 to 400,000
More information8605 SW Creekside Place Beaverton, OR Phone: Fax: Samples Collected. Samples Received 06/21/2017
TEST RESULTS Ordering Provider: Getuwell Clinic Patient Name: Patient Phone Number: 555 555 5555 Gender Female DOB 6/9/1978 (39 yrs) Menses Status Pre-Menopausal 8605 SW Creekside Place Beaverton, OR 97008
More informationWeb Activity: Simulation Structures of the Female Reproductive System
differentiate. The epididymis is a coiled tube found along the outer edge of the testis where the sperm mature. 3. Testosterone is a male sex hormone produced in the interstitial cells of the testes. It
More informationHormonal Changes Following Low-Dosage Irradiation of Pituitary and Ovaries in Anovulatory Women
Hormonal Changes Following Low-Dosage Irradiation of Pituitary and Ovaries in Anovulatory Women Further Studies A. E. Rakoff, M.D. Tms PRESENTATION is a second progress report in a long-term study of the
More informationOutline. Male Reproductive System Testes and Sperm Hormonal Regulation
Outline Male Reproductive System Testes and Sperm Hormonal Regulation Female Reproductive System Genital Tract Hormonal Levels Uterine Cycle Fertilization and Pregnancy Control of Reproduction Infertility
More informationHORMONES & REPRODUCTION OUTLINE
1 HORMONES & REPRODUCTION Dr. Steinmetz OUTLINE 2 The Endocrine System Sexual Reproduction Hormonal Role in Sexual Differentiation Gender Differences and Gender Identity Characterizing Complex Behaviors
More informationAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE Formerly The American Fertility Society OVULATION DETECTION A Guide for Patients PATIENT INFORMATION SERIES Published by the American Society for Reproductive
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins? A) LH
More informationThe beginning of puberty is marked by the progressive increase in the production of sex hormones.
Puberty is characterized by the changes that prepare the human body for the ability to reproduce. This stage generally occurs between the ages of 10 and 14 years old. The beginning of puberty is marked
More informationEndocrine profiles in tamoxifen-induced conception cycles
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright" 1984 The American Fertility Society Printed in U.S A. Endocrine profiles in tamoxifen-induced conception cycles Choshin Tajima, M.D. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
More informationPhysiology of Male Reproductive System
Physiology of Male Reproductive System the anterior pituitary gland serves as the primary control of reproductive function at puberty Ant Pituitary secretes FSH & large amounts of LH (ICSH) FSH & LH cause
More information