Management of Positive Surgical Margins Following Radical

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1 1 di 13 15/08/ Look Find out Inside how Get to Access access previewonly content Robotic Urologic Surgery 2012, pp Date: 17 Jun 2011 Management of Positive Surgical Margins Following Radical Prostatectomy Abstract The widespread use of prostate specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer screening has significantly increased the number of patients diagnosed with the disease. Currently, approximately 90% of patients over 50 years of age with prostate cancer have clinically localized disease. 1 Although several treatment options (i.e., external radiotherapy, brachytherapy, or cryotherapy) are available for these patients, radical prostatectomy (RP) is still the gold standard treatment, providing an excellent oncological outcome with a significant survival benefit compared to conservative management options. Page %P Page 1

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5 5 di 13 15/08/ No Body Text translate me! Citations Within this Chapter Introduction Definition, Causes, and Location of Positive Margins Risk Factors and Prediction of Positive Margins Natural History of Patients with Positive Margins Management of Positive Margins Conclusion References References

6 6 di 13 15/08/ Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Thum MJ. Cancer statistics, CA Cancer J Clin. 2009;59: Swindle P, Eastham JA, Ohori M, et al. Do margins matter? The prognostic significance of positive surgical margins in radical prostatectomy specimens. J Urol. 2005;174: Wieder JA, Soloway MS. Incidence, etiology, location, prevention and treatment of positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Urol. 1998;160: Godoy G, Tareen BU, Lepor H. Site of positive surgical margins influences biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. BJU Int. 2009;104: Eastham JA, Kuriowa K, Ohori M, et al. Prognostic significance of location of positive margins in radical prostatectomy specimens. Urology. 2007;70: Han M, Partin AW, Chan DY, Walsh PC. An evaluation of decreasing incidence of positive surgical margins in a large retropubic prostatectomy series. J Urol. 2004;171:2326. Eastham JA, Kattan MW, Riedel E, et al. Variations among individual surgeons in the rate of positive surgical margins in radical prostatectomy specimens. J Urol. 2003;170: Nielsen ME. How bad are positive margins after radical prostatectomy and how are they best managed? J Urol. 2009;182: Stephenson AJ, Wood DP, Kattan MW, et al. Location, extent and number of positive surgical margins do not improve accuracy of predicting prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 2009;182: Badani KK, Kaul S, Menon M. Evolution of robotic radical prostatectomy: assessment after 2766 procedures. Cancer. 2007;110: Epstein JI, Sauvageot J. Does close but negative margins in radical prostatectomy specimens increase the risk of postoperative progression. J Urol Bolla M, Collette L, Blank L, et al. Longterm results with immediate androgen suppression and external irradiation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (an EORTC study): a phase III randomized trial. Lancet. 2002;360: Yossepowitch O, Bjartell A, Eastham JA, et al. Positive surgical margins in radical prostatectomy: outlining the problem and its longterm consequences.

7 7 di 13 15/08/ ;55: Thurairaja R, Osborn J, Mc Farlane J, Bahl A, Persad R. Radical prostatectomy with positive margins: how are patients managed. BJU Int. 2006;97: Zietman AL, Coen JJ, Shipley WU, Althausen AF. Adjuvant irradiation after radical prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma of prostate: analysis of freedom from PSA failure. Urology. 1993;42: Shikanov S, Song J, Royce C, et al. Length of positive surgical margin after radical prostatectomy as a predictor of biochemical recurrence. J Urol. 2009;182: Kwak KW, Lee HM, Choi HY. Impact of capsular incision on biochemical recurrence after radical perineal prostatectomy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2009;12:19. Yee DS, Narula N, Amin MB, Skarecky DW, Ahlering TE. Robotassisted radical prostatectomy: current evaluation of surgical margins in clinically low, intermediate, and highrisk prostate cancer. J Endourol. 2009;23: Salomon L, Anastasiadis AG, Levrel O, et al. Location of positive margins after retropubic, perineal and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for organconfined prostate cancer. Urology. 2003;61: Palisaar RJ, Nadus J, Graefen M, Erbersdobler A, Haese H, Huland H. Influence of nervesparing (NS) procedure during radical prostatectomy (RP) on margin status and biochemical failure. Eur Urol. 2005;47: Ward JF, Zincke H, Bergstralh EJ, Slezak JM, Myers RP, Blute ML. The impact of surgical approach (nerve bundle preservation versus wide local excision) on surgical margins and biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 2004;172: Ohori M, Wheeler TM, Kattan MW, Goto Y, Scardino PT. Prognostic significance of positive surgical margins in radical prostatectomy specimens. J Urol. 1995;154: Barrocas DA, Han M, Epstein JI, et al. Does capsular incision at retropubic radical prostatectomy affect diseasefree survival in otherwise organconfined prostate cancer? Urology. 2001;58: Myers RP, Goellner JR, Cahill DR. Prostate shape, external striated urethral sphincter and radical prostatectomy: the apical dissection. J Urol Srougi M, Nesrallah LJ, Kauffmann JR, Nesrallah A, Leite Convey KRM. the main Urinary topics of continence the study and pathological outcome after bladder neck preservation during radical retropubic prostatectomy: a randomized prospective trial. J Urol Hall GS, Kramer CE, Epstein JI. Evaluation of radical prostatectomy specimens. A comparative analysis of sampling methods. Am J Surg Pathol Tsuboi T, Ohori M, Kuroiwa K, et al. Is intraoperative frozen section analysis an efficient

8 8 di 13 15/08/ way to reduce positive surgical margins? Urology. 2005;66: Eggener SE, Roehl KA, Smith ND, Antenor JA, Han M, Catalona WJ. Contemporary survival results and the role of radiation therapy in patients with negative seminal vesicle invasion following radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 2005;173: Watson RB, Civantos F, Soloway MS. Positive surgical margins with radical prostatectomy: detailed pathological analysis and prognosis. Urology. 1996;40:8090. Hernandez DJ, Epstein JI, Trock BJ, Tsuzuki T, Carter HB, Walsh PC. Radical retropubic prostatectomy. How often do experienced surgeons have positive margins when there is extraprostatic extension in the region of the neurovascular bundle? J Urol. 2005;173: Vis AN, Schroeder FH, Van der Kwast TH. The actual value of the surgical margins status as a predictor of disease progression in men with early prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2006;50: Touijer K, Kuroiwa K, Eastham JA, et al. Riskadjusted analysis of positive surgical margins following laparoscopic and retropubic radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol. 2007;52: BocconGibod L, Rovery V, Vordos D, Toublanc M, Delmas V, BocconGibod L. Radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: the perineal approach increases the risk of surgically induced positive margins and capsular incisions. J Urol. 1998;160: Brown JA, Garlitz C, Gomella LG, et al. Pathologic comparison of laparoscopic versus open radical retropubic prostatectomy specimens. Urology. 2003;62: Salomon L, Anastasiadis AG, Levrel O, et al. Outcome and complications of radical prostatectomy in patients with PSA < 10 ng/ml: comparison between the retropubic, perineal and laparoscopic approach. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2002;5: Sofer M, HamiltonNelson KL, Schlesselman J, Soloway MS. Risk of positive margins and biochemical recurrence in relation to nervesparing radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20: Rees MA, Resnick MI, Oesterling JE. Use of prostatespecific An effective antigen, journal Gleason article title score, should: and digital rectal examination in staging patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. North Am. 1997;24: Rifkin MD, Zerhouni EA, Gatsonis CA, et al. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in staging early prostate cancer. Results of a multiinstitucional cooperative trial. N Engl J Med. 1990;323: Augustin H, Fritz GA, Fhammer T, Auprich M, Pummer K. Accuracy of 3Tesla magnetic resonance imaging for staging of prostate cancer in comparison to the Partin tables. Radiol. 2009;50:

9 9 di 13 15/08/ Brown JA, Rodin DM, Harisinghani M, Dahl DM. Impact of preoperative endorectal MRI stage classification on neurovascular bundle sparing aggressiveness and the radical prostatectomy positive margin rate. Urol Oncol. 2009;27: Zhang J, Hricak H, Shukla Dave A, Ishill NM, Reuter VE, Eastham JA. Clinical stage T1a prostate cancer: evaluation with endorectal MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiology. 2009;253: Makarov DV, Trock BJ, Humphreys EB, et al. Updated nomogram to predict pathologic stage of prostate cancer given prostatespecific antigen level, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason score (Partin tables) based on cases 2000 to Urology. 2007;69: Bhojani N, Salomon L, Capitanco U, et al. External validation of the updated Partin tables in a cohort of French and Italian men. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;73: Alkhateeb S, Alibhai S, Fleshner N, et al. Impact of positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy differs by disease risk group. J Urol. 2010;183: Obek C, Sadek S, Lai S, Civantos F, Rubinowics D, Soloway M. Positive surgical margins with radical retropubic prostatectomy: anatomic sitespecific pathologic analysis and impact on prognosis. Urology. 1999;54: Blute ML, Bostwick DG, Bergstralh EJ, et al. Anatomic sitespecific positive margins in organconfined prostate cancer and its impact on outcome after radical prostatectomy. Urology. 1997;50: Grossfeld GD, Chang JJ, Broering JM, et al. Impact of positive margins of prostate cancer recurrence and use of secondary cancer treatment: data from CAPSURE database. J Urol. 2000;163: D Amico AV, Whittingt on R, Malkowicz SB, et al. A multivariate analysis of clinical and pathological factors that predict for prostate specific antigen failure after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Urol. 1995;154: Pfitzenmaier J, Pahernick S, Tremmel T, Haferkamp A, Buse S, Hohenfellnwer M. Positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy: do they have an impact on biochemical or clinical progression? BJU Int. 2008;102: Hricak H, Wang L, Wei DC, et al. The role of preoperative endorected magnetic resonance imaging in the decision regarding whether to preserve or Convey resect the neurovascular main topics of the bundles study during radical retropubic prostatectomy. Cancer. 2004;100: Ohori M, Abbas F, Wheeler TM, Kattan MW, Scardino PT, Lerner SP. Pathological features and prognostic significance of prostate cancer in the apical section determined by whole mount histology. J Urol. 1999;162: Connolly SS, O Toole GC, O Malley KJ, et al. Positive apical margins after radical

10 10 di 13 15/08/ retropubic prostatectomy, truth or artifacts. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2004;38: Epstein JI, Pizov G, Walsh PC. Correlation of pathologic findings with progression after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Cancer. 1993;71: Sofer M, HamiltonNelson KL, Civantos F, Soloway MS. Positive surgical margins after radical retropubic prostatectomy: the influence of site and number on progression. J Urol. 2002;167: Rabbani F, Vora KC, Yunis LH, et al. Biochemical recurrence rates in patients with positive surgical margin at radical prostatectomy with further negative resected tissue. BJU Int. 2009;104: Graefen M, Noldus J, Pichlmeier U, et al. Early prostate specific antigen relapse after radical prostatectomy: prediction on the basis of preoperative and postoperative tumor characterístics. Eur Urol. 1999;36:2130. Karakiewicz PI, Eastham JA, Graefen M, et al. Prognostic impact of positive surgical margins in surgically treated prostate cancer: multiinstitutional assessment of 5831 patients. Urology. 2005;66: Simon MA, Kim S, Soloway M. Prostate specific antigen recurrence rates are low after radical retropubic prostatectomy and positive margins. J Urol. 2006;175: Kausik SJ, Blute ML, Sebo TJ, et al. Prognostic significance of positive surgical margins in patients with extraprostatic carcinoma after radical prostatectomy. Cancer. 2002;95: Mac Donald OK, Schild SE, Vora SA, et al. Radiotherapy for men with isolated increase in serum prostate specific antigen after radical prostatecomy. J Urol. 2003;170: Freedland S, Humphreys EB, Mangold LA, et al. Risk of prostate cancerspecific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. JAMA. 2005;294: Stephenson AJ, Scardino PT, Kattan MW, et al. Predicting the outcome of salvage radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25: Stephenson AJ, Shariat SF, Zelefsky MJ, et al. Salvage radiotherapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. JAMA. 2004;291: Loeb S, Roehl KA, Viprakasit DP, Catalona WJ. Longterm rates of undetectable PSA with initial observation and delayed salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. 2008;54:8896. Swanson GP, Hussey MA, Tangen CM, et al. Predominant treatment failure in postprostatectomy patients is local: analysis of patterns of treatment failure in SWOG J

11 11 di 13 15/08/ Clin Oncol. 2007;25: Leventis AK, Shahrokh FS, Kattan MW, Butler EB, Wheeler TM, Slawin KM. Prediction of response to salvage radiation therapy in patients with prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19: Pasquier D, Ballerean C. Adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: a literature review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;72: Trock BJ, Han M, Freedland SJ, et al. Prostate cancer specific survival following salvage radiotherapy vs. observation in men with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. JAMA. 2008;299: Takayma TK, Lange PH. Radiotherapy for local recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Urol Clin North Am. 1994;21: Coetzee LJ, Hars V, Paulson DF. Postoperative prostatespecific androgen as a prognostic indicator in patients with marginpositive prostate cancer undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. Urology. 1996;47: Wilt TJ, Mac Donald R, Rutks I, Shamilyan TA, Taylor BC, Kane RL. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and harms of treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148: Graham SM, Holzbeierlein JM. Adjuvant radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: when is it indicated? Curr Urol Rep. 2009;10: Bolla M, Von Poppel H, Collete L, et al. Postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial (EORTC trial 22911). Lancet. 2005;366: Thompson IM Jr., Tangen CM, Paradelo J, et al. Adjuvent radiotherapy for pathologically advanced prostate cancer: A randomized clinical trial, Jama 2006 Nov 15;296(19): Wiegel T, Battker D, Steiner U, et al. Phase III postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy compared with radical prostatectomy alone in pt3 prostate cancer with postoperative undetectable prostatespecific antigen: ARO 9602/AUO AP 09/95. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27: Morgan SC, Waldron TS, Eapen L, Mayhew EW, Lukka Attract U. Adjuvant readers radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy for pathological T3 or marginpositive prostate cancer: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Radiother Oncol. 2008;88:19. Zincke H, Utz DC, Taylor WF. Bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy for clinical stage C prostatic cancer: role of adjuvant treatment for residual cancer and in disease progression. J Urol. 1986;135: Messing EM, Manola J, Yao J, et al. Immediate versus deferred androgen deprivation

12 12 di 13 15/08/ treatment in patients with nodepositive cancer after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Lancet Oncol. 2006;7: Title Management of Positive Surgical Margins Following Radical Prostatectomy Book Title Robotic Urologic Surgery Pages pp Copyright 2012 DOI / _20 Print ISBN Online ISBN Publisher Springer London Copyright Holder SpringerVerlag London Limited Additional Links Topics About this Book Urology/Andrology Surgery Keywords Minimally Invasive Surgery Prostatic neoplasms Prostatectomy Robotics Treatment outcome Surgical margins Industry Sectors Health & Hospitals Biotechnology Pharma ebook Packages

13 13 di 13 15/08/ ebook Package english full Collection ebook Package english Medicine Editors Vipul R. Patel Editor Affiliations (ID1) Authors ID1. Florida Hospital Celebration Health, Global Robotics Institute Miguel Srougi M.D. (1) Rafael Ferreira Coelho M.D. (2) Vipul R. Patel M.D. Author Affiliations (3) (4) (5) 1. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil 2. Global Robotics Institute Urology, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, Celebration, FL, USA 3. Florida Hospital Celebration Health, Celebration, FL, USA 4. College of Medicine, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, University of Central Florida, Celebration, FL, USA 5. Florida Hospital Celebration Health Global Robotics Institute, Celebration, FL, USA Continue reading... To view the rest of this content please follow the download PDF link above. Over 8.5 million scientific documents at your fingertips Springer, Part of Springer Science+Business Media

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