Are testis volume and boar taint related?
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1 Livestock Center Oberschleissheim M. Bernau, S. Schwanitz, L.S. Kreuzer, P.V. Kremer-Rücker, A.M. Scholz Are testis volume and boar taint related? - a trial in entire and immunocastrated boars
2 Motivation piglet castration without anaesthesia banned in Germany 2018 alternatives are needed boar fattening => boar taint
3 Aim of the study Is it possible to predict boar taint in entire boars by evaluating variables at the living animal? Is it possible to use the same traits to detect boar taint in immunocastrated boars?
4 Animals & methods Animals 34 entire boars (EB) & 34 immuncastrated boars (IB) Pi x GL housed with surgically castrated boars in an outdoor climate barn fed ad libitum (15 MJ ME/kg) IB were injected twice with a Gonadotropin releasing factor analogon at day 76 and 138 of life
5 Animals & methods Experimental schedule IB: 1. injection Gonadotropin releasing factor analogon IB: 2. injection Gonadotropin releasing factor analogon MRI scan 60 kg MRI scan 90 kg day of birth slaughtering & probe sampling days of life
6 Animals & methods Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) anaesthesia: Azaperone (2 mg/kg) Ketamine (15 mg/kg) Siemens Magnetom Open (0.2 Tesla) whole body scan T1 weighted SE sequence (TR 380 ms; TE 15 ms)
7 Image evaluation Able 3D Doctor Software semi-automatic evaluation (single slices of the shoulder, loin & ham) additionally testis volume by manual bordering
8 shoulder outline shoulder fat Image evaluation semi-automatic evaluation with Able 3D Doctor Software single slices of the shoulder, loin area, belly & ham additionally testis volume
9 shoulder outline shoulder fat loin outline back fat belly fat
10 shoulder outline shoulder fat ham outline loin outline back fat belly fat
11 shoulder outline shoulder fat ham outline loin outline back fat belly fat
12 left & right testis volume Additionaööy, afetr performed by a caliper Additionally after MRI, linear testis measurements were performed by a caliper
13 Boar taint samples after slaughter (165 ± 1 day) cheek & salivary gland sample for organoleptic analysis (AVVLmHyg) Lauterbach, 2012 microwave heating test cooking test melting test
14 Boar taint samples II additionally, after slaughter (165 ± 1 day) backfat samples for stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) to determine androstenone [ng/g] levels
15 Statistics SAS 9.3 simple one-way variance analysis using GLM procedure boar group (EB, IB), result of sensory analysis, boar group* sensory analysis as fixed effect (weight as covariable) simple one-way variance analysis using GLM procedure androstenone group as fixed effect p <0.05
16 Results I sensory test results sensory test results compared with testis volume measurements for scan 60 & 90 test positive EB had higher testis volume than negative EB *= t-test for comparison between EB and IB with p-value >
17 Results II testis volume measurements (after microwave heating) * p<0.05
18 Results III body composition traits boar group EB IB p-value shoulder fat Scan ± 1.35 cm ± 1.37 cm Scan ± 2.73 cm ± 2.69 cm shoulder outline Scan ± cm ± cm Scan ± cm ± cm testis volume Scan ± 5.08 cm ± 5.08 cm Scan ± cm ± cm 3 < testis area Scan ± 2.21 cm ± 2.16 cm Scan ± 5.05 cm ± 5.05 cm 3 <0.0001
19 Results IV Androstenone group (EB only) androstenone group high (> 500ng/g fat) low ( 500 ng/g fat) p-value belly fat Scan ± 2.11 cm ± 1.35 cm Scan ± 1.35 cm ± 0.99 cm testis volume Scan ± 9.34 cm ± 6.90 cm Scan ± cm ± cm testis area Scan ± 2.76 cm ± 3.18 cm Scan ± cm ± 8.96 cm
20 Discussion I Sensory test results: testis volume: test positive EB > test negative EB (Oonk et al., 1995; Aldal et al., 2005; Bekaert et al., 2012; Font-i-Furnols et al., 2016) differentiation between tainted EB and not-tainted EB according to the testis volume no significant difference between positive and negative IB => small number of animals (4/34)
21 Discussion II Body composition traits and androstenone group (EB only): higher belly fat volume (90 kg) => >500ng/g fat androstenone => belly fat as a measure for boar taint? => performable at the slaughter line? testis volume at 60 kg allows differentiation in high and low androstenone group => a way to detect boar taint prior to the slaughter age?
22 Conclusions testis volume can be a factor in prediciting the androstenone group prior slaughter differentiation between sensory positive and negative EB and between IB and EB according to the testis volume belly fat as a promising variable (?) further research by creating a sensory index using all boar taint components and the testis volume/belly fat
23 Thank you for your attention! Dr. Maren Bernau Livestock Center Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München St. Hubertusstrasse Oberschleissheim Germany Tel.:
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