Index 489. dysfunction,

Transcription

1 Index 485 Index A -Adrenergic receptors, 1-blockers and sexual side effects, 162, 163 erection role, 22, 23 ACE inhibitors, see Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Acetazolamide, sexual side effects, 160 Acetylcholine, corporal blood flow regulation, 20, 201 Aging, erectile dysfunction, 50, 51, 210 female sexual response, 233, 234 inhibited ejaculation, 458 Alcohol, erectile dysfunction association studies, 52 sexual side effects, 178 Alprostadil, combined injection and stimulation test, 259 injection therapy, calcitonin gene-related peptide combination, 296 dosing, 289 efficacy, 288, 289 mechanism of action, 288 overview, 97 side effects, 289, 290 trimix, 294 intra-urethral therapy, adverse reactions, 308, 309 contraindications, 308 drug interactions, 308 efficacy, mechanism of action, 305 Medicated Urethral System for Erection, pharmacokinetics, 305, 306 radical prostatectomy patient management, 143 topical therapy for erectile dysfunction, adverse reactions, 312, 313 contraindications, 312 response rates, 311, 312 American Medical Systems, penile implants, Aminobutyric acid (GABA), central neurophysiology in erection and flaccidity control, 33 Amlopidine, sexual side effects, 163 Anejaculation, see Inhibited ejaculation Angiography, penile, 263, 423 Angiotensin, erection physiology, 23, 202 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, sexual side effects, 163, 164 Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), sexual side effects, 164, 165 Anticonvulsants, sexual side effects, Antidepressants, sexual side effects, Antihypertensives, sexual side effects, Antipsychotics, sexual side effects, Apomorphine, erectile dysfunction management, 97 ARBs, see Angiotensin receptor blockers Arginine vasopressin, erection physiology, 23 Arterial reconstructive surgery, complications, 426 dorsal artery revascularization, 425 dorsal vein arterialization, 426 Arteriography, internal pudendal arteriography for priapism, 441, 442 Arteriography, penile, 423, 424 Atenolol, sexual side effects, 160 Atrophic vaginitis, female sexual pain, 245 B BDNF, see Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Benzodiazepines, sexual side effects, 172 -blockers, sexual side effects, 161, 162 Bicalutamide, sexual side effects, 176, 177 Bradykinin, erection physiology, 202 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), gene therapy, 477, 478 Buck s fascia, anatomy, 2 Bulbo-urethral artery, anatomy, 5 Bulbo-urethral gland, mucus production, 9 Bupropion, female sexual dysfunction management, 242 sexual side effects, 169,

2 486 Index C CAD, see Coronary artery disease Caffeine, sexual side effects, 179 Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), erection role, 23, 197 intracavernosal pharmacotherapy with alprostadil, 296 Calcium channel blockers (CCBs), sexual side effects, 163 Calcium flux, corporal blood flow regulation, Captopril, sexual side effects, 164 Carbamazepine, sexual side effects, 175 Cauda equina syndrome, erectile dysfunction, 209 Cavernosal artery, anatomy, 6 erection role, 12 Cavernous nerve, anatomy, 9, 196, 197 injury in radical prostatectomy, 138 neuroprotection prospects, 148, 149 CCBs, see Calcium channel blockers CDDU, see Color duplex Doppler ultrasonography Cerebral cortex, erection control, 26, 27 CGRP, see Calcitonin gene-related peptide Chlorthalidone, sexual side effects, 159 Cialis, see Tadalafil Cimetidine, sexual side effects, 172, 173 CIS test, see Combined injection and stimulation test Clomipramine, sexual side effects, 165 Clonidine, sexual side effects, 159 Cocaine, sexual side effects, 180, 181 Colchicine, Peyronie s disease management, 388, 389 Collagenase, Peyronie s disease management, 391 Colles fascia, anatomy, 2 Color duplex Doppler ultrasonography (CDDU), penile blood flow evaluation, 259, 260, 422, 423 Combined injection and stimulation (CIS) test, erectile dysfunction evaluation, 259, 421, 422 Connexins, smooth muscle cells, 19, 20 Coronary artery disease (CAD), dopamine agonist use precautions, 72 erectile dysfunction as early warning sign, 63, 64, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor use precautions, 71, 72 risk factor modification and erectile dysfunction effects, diabetes, 64 dyslipidemia, 65, 66 hypertension, 65 obesity, 65, 66 smoking, 64 risk stratification of patients, high-risk group, 69 intermediate-risk group, 69 low-risk group, sexual activity as risk factor for cardiac event, 66 Corpora cavernosa, anatomy, 402 regulation, acetylcholine, 20 adrenergic receptors, 22, 23 calcium flux, 15 endothelin-1, 23, 24 gap junctions, 19, 20 myosin phosphorylation, 15, 16 nitric oxide, 21, 22 overview, 1, 15 peptidergic neuroeffector systems, potassium channels, 18, 19 prostanoids, 24 RhoA/Rho kinase pathway, 16 second messengers, ultrastructure, 4 Corporoplasty, Peyronie s disease management, 406 D Depression, erectile dysfunction association studies, 52 Diabetes, erectile dysfunction association studies, 52, 65, 255 neuropathy, erectile dysfunction, female sexual dysfunction, 216 DICC, see Dynamic infusion cavernosometry and carvernosonography

3 Index 487 Digoxin, sexual side effects, 173, 174 Disc herniation, erectile dysfunction, 210 Diuretics, sexual side effects, Dopamine, agonists, apomorphine, 97 female sexual dysfunction management, 242 use precautions in cardiac patients, 72 central neurophysiology in erection and flaccidity control, 29, 32, 199 receptor affinity for antipsychotics, 171 Dorsal artery, anatomy, 5, 6 revascularization, 425 Dorsal nerve, somatosensory innervation, 11 Dorsal vein, arterialization, 426 Doxazosin, sexual side effects, 162 Dynamic infusion cavernosometry and carvernosonography (DICC), erectile dysfunction evaluation, , 424 Dyslipidemia, erectile dysfunction association studies, 51, 52, 65, 66 E ED, see Erectile dysfunction Ejaculation, disorders, see Inhibited ejaculation; Premature ejaculation; Retrograde ejaculation functional neuroanatomy, 11, 448, 449 physiology, 448, 449 Enalapril, sexual side effects, 164 Endothelin-1 (ET-1), erection physiology, 23, 24, 202 Epilepsy, erectile dysfunction, 207 Erectile dysfunction (ED), cardiac patients, see Coronary artery disease definition, 47, 108, 135 economic impact, 53, 54 epidemiology, comorbidity studies, 49, 50 prevalence studies, 47 50, 136 risk factors, aging, 50, 51, 210 alcohol, 52 depression, 52 diabetes, 52, 210, 211 dyslipidemia, 51, 52 hypertension, 51, 52 overview, 62 pelvic surgery, 52 smoking, 52 etiology, evaluation, health benefits, 267 laboratory tests, 93, 257 medical history, 92, 93, 114, 254, 255 neurological evaluation, overview, 77, 89, 92, 254 physical examination, 93, 257 risk factor assessment, vascular evaluation, gene therapy, see Gene therapy homeopathic remedies, 282 medication induction, see Medication side effects neurogenic erectile dysfunction, 206 primary care, see Primary care peripheral factors, 216 spinal causes, 215, 216 premature ejaculation impact, 232, 233 sex steroid effects on vagina, 234, 235 hormone therapy, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, 242, 243 sexual pain management, neuroanatomy, 197, 198 neurophysiology, central mechanisms, 203 peripheral mechanisms, 204, 205 sexual arousal response, 205, 206 spinal mechanisms, 203 Finasteride, sexual side effects, 177 FK506, neuroprotection prospects, 148 Flaccidity, central mechanisms, central neurotransmitters, functional neuroanatomy, 2, 10 physiological mechanisms, spinal mechanisms, 29 Fluoxetine, sexual side effects, 167 Forskolin, intracavernosal pharmacotherapy, 296 G GABA, see -Aminobutyric acid Gap junctions, smooth muscle cells, 19, 20 Gene therapy, applications, 467, 471 brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 477, 478 clinical trials in urology, 467, 468

4 488 Index erectile dysfunction treatment prospects, 468, 478, 479 nitric oxide synthase, animal studies, 472, 473 erectile dysfunction, isoforms, 471, 473 potassium channels, 477 principles, vectors, plasmid, 469 reporters, 470 virus, Gingko biloba, medication-induced sexual dysfunction management, 168 Glans penis, blood flow changes, 13 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, sexual side effects, 176 Guanethidine, sexual side effects, 158, 159 H Helicine artery, erection role, 12 Hippocampus, erection control, 28, 29 Histamine, erection physiology, 202 Histamine blockers, sexual side effects, 172, 173 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, see Statins Hypertension, erectile dysfunction association studies, 51, 52 Hypogastric nerve, stimulation and erection, 211, 212 Hypogonadism, clinical features, comorbidity, 126 laboratory testing, 126, 127 sexual function impact, 124 testosterone therapy, dihydrotestosterone, 129 formulations, 128 indications, 131 intramuscular injection, 128, 129 oral therapy, 127, 128 precautions, 129, 130 transdermal therapy, 128 I Imipramine, retrograde ejaculation management, 461 Indapamide, sexual side effects, 160 Inhibited ejaculation, definition, 458 etiology, 458, 459 evaluation, 461, Intercourse, see Sexual intercourse Interferon- 2b, Peyronie s disease management, 391 Intracavernosal pharmacotherapy, alprostadil, see Alprostadil complication management, fibrosis, 299 priapism, 298, 299 contraindications, 296, 298 forskolin, 296 historical perspective, 288 indications, 299, 300 linsidomine, 295 moxisylyte, 296 papaverine, see Papaverine phentolamine, see Phentolamine, sodium nitroprusside, 295 special risk groups, 296 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, 295 Intra-urethral therapy, alprostadil, see Alprostadil historical perspective, 304 principles, 304, 305 Ischemic neuropathy, erectile dysfunction, Ischemic priapism, see Priapism K Kluver Bucy syndrome, hypersexuality, 27 L Labetolol, sexual side effects, 160 Lamotrigine, erectile dysfunction management in epilepsy, 207 Levitra, see Vardenafil Limbic system, erection control, 27 erotic stimuli processing, 12 Linsidomine, intracavernosal pharmacotherapy, 295 Lisinopril, sexual side effects, 164 Lithium, sexual side effects, 168 Littre s gland, mucus production, 9 Losartan, sexual side effects, 164 Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), erectile dysfunction association, 49, 50, 257 LUTS, see Lower urinary tract symptoms M MAOIs, see Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Marijuana, sexual side effects, 180 Medial pre-optic area (MPOA), erection control, 27, 28, 156

5 Index 489 Medicated Urethral System for Erection (MUSE), see Alprostadil Medication side effects, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, bupropion, 169, 170 lithium, 168 mirtazapine, 170 monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 166 nefazadone, 168, 169 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 167, 168 trazadone, 168, 169 tricyclic antidepressants, 165, 166 antihypertensives, 1-adrenergic receptor blockers, 162, 163 angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, 163, 164 angiotensin receptor blockers, 164, 165 -blockers, 161, 162 calcium channel blockers, 163 diuretics, sympatholytics, 158, 159 antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, 172 digoxin, 173, 174 histamine blockers, 172, 173 hormones, 176, 177 overview, 256 pathophysiology of sexual dysfunction, 156, 157 statins, 174 Melanocortins, central neurophysiology in erection and flaccidity control, 34, 199 Mentor Corporation, penile implants, Methyldopa, sexual side effects, 158 Metoprolol, sexual side effects, 160 Minoxidil, topical therapy for erectile dysfunction, adverse reactions, 315 drug interactions, 315 mechanism of action, 313, 314 pharmacokinetics, 314 response rates, 314, 316 Mirtazapine, sexual side effects, 170 Moclobemide, sexual side effects, 166 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), sexual side effects, 166 Moxisylyte, intracavernosal pharmacotherapy, 296 MPOA, see Medial pre-optic area MS, see Multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis (MS), erectile dysfunction, 209 MUSE, see Medicated Urethral System for Erection, Myocardial infarction, see Coronary artery disease Myosin, phosphorylation and smooth muscle regulation, 15, 16 N Narcotics, sexual side effects, 179, 180 Nefazadone, sexual side effects, 168, 169 Neuropeptide Y (NPY), erection role, 23 Nicarpidine, sexual side effects, 163 Nicotine, sexual side effects, 178, 179 Nifedipine, sexual side effects, 163 Nitric oxide (NO), cyclic GMP effector, 21, 22 erection role, 2, 17 19, 21, 22, 199, 201 ischemic neuropathy studies, 214 Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), activation, 21 gene therapy, animal studies, 472, 473 erectile dysfunction, isoforms, 471, 473 isoforms, 21 Nitroglycerin, topical therapy for erectile dysfunction, adverse reactions, 318 mechanism of action, 317 pharmacokinetics, 317 response rates, 317, 318 NO, see Nitric oxide Nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity monitoring (NPTR), erectile dysfunction evaluation, 265, 266 Norepinephrine, central neurophysiology in erection and flaccidity control, 32, 33, flaccidity role, 2, 13 NOS, see Nitric oxide synthase NPY, see Neuropeptide Y O Obesity, erectile dysfunction association studies, 65, 66 Opioids, central neurophysiology in erection and flaccidity control, 33, 199 Oxytocin, central neurophysiology in erection and flaccidity control, 33, 34, 199

6 490 Index P Papaverine, combined injection and stimulation test, 259 dynamic infusion cavernosometry and carvernosonography, 262 injection therapy, dosing, 290 efficacy, 290, 291 mechanism of action, 290 papaverine/phentolamine combination, 292 side effects, 291 trimix, 294 topical therapy for erectile dysfunction, adverse reactions, 318, 319 contraindications, 316 mechanism of action, 315, 316 pharmacokinetics, 316 response rates, 316 Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), erection control, 28, 156 Parkinson s disease, erectile dysfunction, 207 Paroxetine, sexual side effects, 167 PARP, see Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase PD, see Peyronie s disease PDE-5, see Phosphodiesterase-5 PE, see Premature ejaculation Pelvic surgery, erectile dysfunction association, aortoiliac surgery, 145 cystectomy, 145, 146 neuroprotection prospects, 148, 149 overview, 52 radical prostatectomy, see Radical prostatectomy rectal surgery, 146, 147 renal transplant, 147, 148 Penile implant, anesthesia, 349 erectile dysfunction management, 97 historical perspective, 331, 332 incisions, infection, management, , prevention, 333, 334 informed consent, 343, 344 marketing, internal marketing in urology community, 341, 342 public, 342, 343 operative technique, outcomes, 356, 357 patient satisfaction, 376, 377 patient selection, 343 Peyronie s disease, 358, 359, , 393, 414, 415 postoperative care, 345, 346 preoperative preparation, 344, 345 radical prostatectomy patient management, 144 repair, 357, 358 selection considerations, 338 trends in use, types, viscus injury management, 375, 376 Penis, arterial system, 4 7, 258, 419, 420 layers, 2 neuroanatomy, 196, 197 sensory nerve deficits, 212 vascular evaluation, , vascular surgery, arterial reconstructive surgery, dorsal artery revascularization, 425 dorsal vein arterialization, 426 complications, 426 venous ligation surgery, approaches, 426, 427 outcomes, venous system, 7, 258, 420, 421 Peyronie s disease (PD), anatomy, 402 clinical features, 382, 403, 404 diagnosis, 385, 386 epidemiology, 382 erectile dysfunction prevalence, 382 etiology, , histology, 382, 383 history of study, 381, 401, 402 penile implant surgery, 358, 359, , 393, 414, 415 protrusion or extrusion repair, 365, 366, 368 surgical management, closure, 412, 413 corporoplasty, 406 elevation of Buck s fascia and neurovascular bundle, 408, 409 incision, 408 overview, 393

7 Index 491 patient selection, 404, 405 plaque excision and graft, dermal graft, 407, 408 nonautologous grafts, 407 temporalis fascia graft, 406 tunica vaginalis graft, 406 vein graft, 406, 407 plaque incision/excision and graft placement technique, plaque incision with graft, 408 postoperative care, 413, 414 tunical excision with plication, 405 vascular testing, 405 erectile dysfunction, 393 extracorporeal shock-wave therapy, 392 local drug therapy, oral therapy, practical management, 393, 394 Phenobarbital, sexual side effects, 176 Phentolamine, combined injection and stimulation test, 259 injection therapy, dosing, 292 efficacy, 292 mechanism of action, 291, 292 papaverine/phentolamine combination, 292 trimix, 294 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/ phentolamine combination, 294 Phenylephrine, priapism management, 437 Phenytoin, sexual side effects, 175 Phimosis, female sexual pain, 243 Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, see also specific drugs, clinical experience, normal healthy males, 278, 279 organic erectile dysfunction, 279 prostate radiation therapy patients, 280 psychogenic erectile dysfunction, 279 radical prostatectomy patients, , 280 compliance, 281 development, 282 drug interactions, 278 efficacy, 106, 271 female sexual dysfunction management, 242, 243 historical perspective, 272 limitations, 280, 281 mechanism of action, 69, 70 patient preference issues, 281, 282 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, pharmacology, premature ejaculation management, 457 radical prostatectomy patient management, safety, cardiac patient precautions, 71, 72 cardiovascular system effects, 70, 71, 276, 277 clinical trial adverse events, 278 long-term safety, 278 myalgias, 277, 278 visual disturbances, 277 sex therapy combination, 106, 107 Phospholipase C (PLC), corporal blood flow regulation, 17 PKA, see Protein kinase A PKC, see Protein kinase C PKG, see Protein kinase G PLC, see Phospholipase C Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), inhibitors for neuroprotection, 148 Polyneuropathy, erectile dysfunction, 210 Potaba, Peyronie s disease management, 387, 388 Potassium channels, corporal blood flow regulation, 18, 19 gene therapy, 477 Prazosin, sexual side effects, 162 Premature ejaculation (PE), classification, 451 definition, 449, distress, 452 drug trial design, 454 epidemiology, 450, 451 etiology, 452, 453 evaluation, 457, 458 impact on women, 232, 233 intravaginal ejaculatory latency time, 450, 451 prevalence, 449 sexual satisfaction, 451, 452 phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, 457 psychosexual counseling, 454 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 455, 456 surgery, 457 topical anesthetics, 457 voluntary control, 452

8 492 Index Priapism, definition, 435 erectile dysfunction as sequelae, 256, 435, 440, 445 intracavernosal pharmacotherapy complication, 298, 299 ischemic priapism, etiology, 436 evaluation, 436 recurrence, 439, 440 aspiration, 437 phenylephrine, 437 recurrent disease, 438 sickle cell disease, 437 surgery, 438, 439 terbutaline, 438 litigation, 445 nonischemic priapism, etiology, 44 evaluation, 440, 444 expectant management, 442, Primary care, characteristics, 78, 79 erectile dysfunction, barriers to discussion, 87, 88 benefits of inquiry and management, communication about sexual activity, 80, 81, 84, etiology determination, evaluation, laboratory tests, 93 medical history, 92, 93, 114 overview, 77, 89, 92 physical examination, 93 homosexuals, 81, 82 partner discussions, 84, 85 performance anxiety, 95 referral guidelines, 98, 99 screening, 77, educational and psychosocial interventions, 94, 95 elderly men, 97, 98 follow-up, 98 lifestyle and medication changes, 96 management plan, 88, 89 penile implants, 97 pharmacotherapy, 96, 97 sex therapy, 95, 106 sexual health management, benefits for practice, trends, 79, 80 Primidone, sexual side effects, 176 Prolactin, central neurophysiology in erection and flaccidity control, 34 Propanolol, sexual side effects, 160 Prostaglandins, erection physiology, 24, 202 prostaglandin E1, see Alprostadil Prostatectomy, see Radical prostatectomy Protein kinase A (PKA), corporal blood flow regulation, 16 Protein kinase C (PKC), corporal blood flow regulation, 18 Protein kinase G (PKG), corporal blood flow regulation, 16 PSOs, see Psychosocial obstacles Psychiatric assessment, erectile dysfunction patients, 114, 115 Psychosexual history, taking, 114, 115 Psychosocial obstacles (PSOs), evaluation, 106, , 257 severity classification, 118, 119 PT-141, pro-erectile effect, 34 Pudendal nerve, somatosensory innervation, 11 PVN, see Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus R Radical prostatectomy, see also Pelvic surgery, erectile dysfunction, association studies, 136, 137 neuroprotection prospects, 148, 149 pathophysiology, 137, 138 alprostadil injections, 143 penile implant, 144 phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, , 280 vacuum erection device, 143, 144 erectile function recovery factors, intra-operative factors, 139, 140 post-operative factors, pre-operative factors, 139 Renal failure, erectile dysfunction, 256 Reserpine, sexual side effects, 158, 159 Retrograde ejaculation, etiology, 460 pathophysiology, RhoA, calcium sensitization role, 16 Rho kinase, calcium sensitization role, 16 Risperidone, sexual side effects, 171

9 Index 493 S SARMs, see Selective androgen receptor modulators SCI, see Spinal cord injury Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), prospects, 129 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), premature ejaculation management, 455, 456 sexual side effects, 167, 168 Seminal emission, functional neuroanatomy, 10 SEPA, transdermal enhancer, 310, 311 Serotonin, central neurophysiology in erection and flaccidity control, 32, 198, 199 Sex therapy, erectile dysfunction patients, 95, 106, 107 follow-up, 117 pharmacotherapy combination, 106, 107, psychosocial obstacle severity, 118, 119 referral guidelines, 119, 120 relapse prevention, 117, 118 sexual coaching, 108 Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), erectile dysfunction screening, 82, 83 Sexual intercourse, energy expenditure, 67 risk factor for cardiac event, 66 Sexual status examination (SSE), technique, 112, 113 Sexual Tipping Point (STP), overview, 107 SHIM, see Sexual Health Inventory for Men Sildenafil (Viagra), see also Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, cardiac patient precautions, 71, 72 cardiovascular system effects, 70, 71 mechanism of action, 69, 70 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, 274, 275 Simvastatin, sexual side effects, 174 Smoking, erectile dysfunction association studies, 52, 64 Sodium nitroprusside, intracavernosal pharmacotherapy, 295 SP, see Substance P Spinal cord injury (SCI), erectile dysfunction, 208, 209 inhibited ejaculation, 459 Spinal pathways, erection control, 29, 157, 199, 200 female sexual response, 203 Spironolactone, sexual side effects, 160 SSE, see Sexual status examination SSRIs, see Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Statins, sexual side effects, 174 STP, see Sexual Tipping Point Substance P (SP), erection physiology, 23 T Tadalafil (Cialis), see also Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, cardiac patient precautions, 71, 72 cardiovascular system effects, 70, 71 mechanism of action, 69, 70 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, 275, 276 Tamoxifen, Peyronie s disease management, 389 Tamsulosin, sexual side effects, 162, 163 TCAs, see Tricyclic antidepressants Terbutaline, priapism management, 438 Testosterone, deficiency, see Hypogonadism erectile dysfunction management, 97, 130 sexual function, 124, 202, 203 sexual side effects, 177 Testosterone, female sexual dysfunction management, Tetrazosin, sexual side effects, 162 TGF-, see Transforming growth factor- Thiazide diuretics, sexual side effects, 159 Thyroid function, hypogonadism considerations, 126 Topical therapy, alprostadil, adverse reactions, 312, 313 contraindications, 312 response rates, 311, 312 anesthetics for premature ejaculation management, 457 erectile dysfunction, formulations, 311 minoxidil, adverse reactions, 315 drug interactions, 315 mechanism of action, 313, 314 pharmacokinetics, 314 response rates, 314, 316 nitroglycerin, adverse reactions, 318 mechanism of action, 317 pharmacokinetics, 317 response rates, 317, 318 papaverine,

10 494 Index adverse reactions, 318, 319 contraindications, 316 mechanism of action, 315, 316 pharmacokinetics, 316 response rates, 316 penis anatomy and physiology considerations, 309, 310 prospects, 318 transdermal enhancers, 310, 311 Trabecular smooth muscle, erection role, 1 Transforming growth factor- (TGF- ), fibrosis role, 384, 389 Transurethral prostatectomy (TURP), erectile dysfunction, 211 retrograde ejaculation, 460 Trazadone, erectile dysfunction management, 272 sexual side effects, 168, 169 Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), sexual side effects, 165, 166 Tunica albuginea, anatomy, 4 TURP, see Transurethral prostatectomy U Ultrasonography, see Color duplex Doppler ultrasonography Urethral prolapse, female sexual pain, 244 V Vacuum erection device (VED), complications, 328 contraindications, 326 costs, 328 design, 325 efficacy, 326, 327 erection hemodynamics, 324 historical perspective, 323, 324 instructions, 326 long-term use, 328 patient satisfaction, 327, 328 patient selection, 325, 326 radical prostatectomy patient management, 143, 144 Vagina, neuroanatomy, 197, 198 sex steroid effects, 234, 235 sexual pain, Valproic acid, sexual side effects, 175 Valsartan, sexual side effects, 164 Vardenafil (Levitra), see also Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, cardiac patient precautions, 71, 72 cardiovascular system effects, 70, 71 mechanism of action, 69, 70 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, 276 Vascular surgery, see Arterial reconstructive surgery; Venous ligation surgery Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), erection role, 22 female sexual response, 204, 205 injection therapy, mechanism of action, 295 phentolamine combination, 294 VED, see Vacuum erection device Venlafaxine, sexual side effects, 167 Venous ligation surgery, approaches, 426, 427 complications, 426 outcomes, Verapamil, Peyronie s disease management, Viagra, see Sildenafil VIP, see Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide Vitamin E, Peyronie s disease management, 387 Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome, female sexual pain and management, Vulvodynia, female sexual pain, 244 Y Yohimbine, erectile dysfunction management, 96, 97, 272