Incidence, Predictors, and Associated Outcomes of Prostatism after Kidney Transplantation
|
|
- Leonard Morrison
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Incidence, Predictors, and Associated Outcomes of Prostatism after Kidney Transplantation Frank P. Hurst,* Robert T. Neff,* Edward M. Falta, Rahul M. Jindal, Krista L. Lentine, John S. Swanson, Lawrence Y. Agodoa, and Kevin C. Abbott* *Nephrology Service, Organ Transplant Service, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland; Center for Outcomes Research, Division of Nephrology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Organ Transplant Service, Christiana Care Health Network, Newark, Delaware; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Background and objectives: Renal transplantation is increasingly performed in elderly patients, and the incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) increases with age. Anuric males on dialysis may have occult BPH and not develop obstructive symptoms until urine flow is restored after transplantation. If left untreated, BPH poses a risk for numerous complications, including acute urinary retention (AUR), recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI), and renal failure. The authors hypothesized that incident BPH after renal transplantation would adversely affect allograft survival. Design, setting, participants, & measurements: Medicare claims for BPH, AUR, UTI, and prostate resection procedures (transurethral resection of the prostate; TURP) were assessed in a retrospective cohort of 23,622 adult male Medicare primary renal transplant recipients in the United States Renal Data System database who received transplants from 1 January 2000 to 31 July 2005 and followed through 31 December Results: The 3-yr incidence of BPH post-transplant was 9.7%. The incidences of AUR, UTI, and TURP after BPH diagnosis (up to 3 yr posttransplant) were 10.3%, 6.5%, and 7.3% respectively, and each was significantly associated with BPH. Cox regression analysis showed that recipient age per year, later year of transplant, and dialysis vintage were associated with incident BPH. Using Cox nonproportional hazards regression, BPH was significantly associated with renal allograft loss (including death). Conclusions: BPH is common in males after renal transplant and is independently associated with AUR, UTI, and graft loss. It is unknown whether treatment of BPH, either medical or surgical, attenuates these risks. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4: , doi: /CJN Renal transplantation is increasingly performed in elderly patients. According to the 2006 United States Renal Data System (USRDS) Annual Report, the proportion of renal transplant recipients over age 60 increased from 10.4% in 1994 to 20.7% in 2004 (1). The incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) increases with age, and more than 50% of men have histologic evidence of BPH by age 60 (2). Older males on dialysis may be oliguric/anuric and not have lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); thus, BPH may be occult and underdiagnosed in this population. Some cases of urinary obstruction are detected by pretransplant urologic screening, but many do not develop LUTS until urine flow is restored after transplantation. There are several reports of bladder outlet obstruction from Received August 28, Accepted September 23, Published online ahead of print. Publication date available at Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Army, the Department of Defense, or the United States government. Correspondence: Dr. Frank P. Hurst, Department of Nephrology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 6900 Georgia Avenue NW, Washington, DC Phone: ; Fax: ; frank.hurst@us.army.mil posttransplant BPH, and many of these patients eventually required surgical procedures such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to alleviate urinary obstruction (3,4,5,6,7). Because BPH may accelerate the progression of renal disease in other processes (8), we hypothesized that incident BPH diagnosed after renal transplantation would adversely affect renal allograft survival. To date, there are no studies on the epidemiology of BPH and its complications after renal transplantation. Materials and Methods Patients and Sources This study used the USRDS database, which incorporates extensive baseline and follow-up demographic and clinical data on all patients involved in the Medicare ESRD program in the United States. The variables included in the USRDS standard analysis files, as well as methods and validation studies, are published and listed at the USRDS website, under Researcher s Guide to the USRDS Database, Section E. Males over age 18 who underwent renal transplantation between 1 January 2000 and 31 July 2005 and had Medicare primary insurance (parts A&B) were analyzed. Outcome Variables The outcome variables were based on Institutional (IC) and Physician Supplier (PS) claims reported to Medicare from 1 January 1999 to 31 Copyright 2009 by the American Society of Nephrology ISSN: /
2 330 Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4: , 2009 December Claims were identified by International Classification of Diseases-9th Revision Diagnosis and Procedure Codes (ICD9). Primary outcome variables were BPH, AUR, UTI, and TURP (Appendix A), with allograft loss (including death) as a secondary outcome variable. We assessed the earliest Medicare claim for BPH (both IC and PS) after transplantation and excluded patients who had pretransplant claims. Claims for AUR, UTI, and TURP were assessed both after date of transplant and after the date of BPH diagnosis. Two or more claims were required for PS and one for IC, as per previous reports. Survival Times Time to BPH was calculated as the time from transplant until the first Medicare claim for BPH, with recipients censored at death, loss to follow-up, or the end of the study period (December 31, 2005). Time to first claim for AUR, UTI, and TURP were calculated from BPH diagnosis date, with recipients censored for death, loss to follow-up, or end of study period. Time to Medicare claims were censored at 3 yr because Medicare coverage ends 3 yr after kidney transplantation unless a patient maintains coverage as a result of disability or age, which would lead to nonrandom censoring beyond 3 yr. Independent Variables Patient characteristics were those at the date of transplant, with the exception of comorbidity data from CMS Form 2728, which was obtained at the first treatment for end stage renal disease (ESRD), whether dialysis or transplant. The pretransplant duration of dialysis (dialysis vintage) was defined as the time from first recorded dialysis treatment until the date of transplantation. Other variables assessed include donor and recipient age, race, sex, induction/maintenance immunosuppressants, graft loss, delayed graft function (DGF), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match status, panel reactive antibody (PRA), cold-ischemic time (CIT), expanded donor criteria (ECD), donation after cardiac death (DCD), and donor type. Data from CMS form 2728 included information on cardiovascular comorbid conditions including diabetes mellitus (DM), ischemic heart disease (IHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and tobacco use. Statistical Analyses All analyses were performed using SPSS 12.0 TM (SPSS, Chicago, IL). Files were merged and converted to SPSS files using DBMS/Copy (Conceptual Software, Houston, TX). Univariate analysis was performed with 2 testing for categorical variables (Fisher s exact test used for violations of Cochran s assumptions) and t test for continuous variables (Mann Whitney test used for non-normally distributed variables), respectively. Statistical significance was defined as P To evaluate for possible prevalent cases of BPH, we used Kaplan- Meier analysis to plot time to BPH for patients who had prior evidence of obstructive ESRD as shown by diagnosis at listing codes (which are causes of ESRD recorded at transplant listing, Appendix A) in the USRDS database. The log-rank test was used for bivariate significance testing. Kaplan Meier analysis was also used to plot time to first AUR, UTI, or TURP for patients who had diagnosis of BPH. For index patients, time to AUR, UTI, or TURP started at the date of BPH claim, and for the remainder, time started at date of transplant. Otherwise, patients were censored at death, loss to follow-up, or end of study period. The independent associations between patient factors and outcomes (BPH, AUR, UTI, and TURP) were examined using multivariate analysis with forward stepwise Cox regression (likelihood ratio method). Variables with P 0.10 tested in univariate analysis were entered into multivariate analysis as covariates, because of the possibility of negative confounding. Variables thought to have a known clinical association with outcomes were also introduced into multivariate models even if univariate P values were 0.10, in accordance with established principles of model development. The association between renal allograft survival and BPH as a timedependent variable was assessed with Cox nonproportional hazards regression. Variables found to be independently associated with BPH in the above Cox regression were included in the model, as were factors known to be independently associated with allograft loss. Results We identified 42,403 Medicare primary renal transplant recipients who underwent surgery between 1 January 2000 and 31 July 2005, of whom 25,383 were male. There were 1761 patients with prior Medicare claims for BPH. Among the 23,622 male transplant patients without prior evidence of BPH, there were 2292 individual cases of BPH with a 3-yr incidence of 9.7%. Mean time to BPH diagnosis was yr, and most (52.0%) were diagnosed within the 1st year posttransplant. In the USRDS database, there were no ESRD cases attributed to BPH (primary disease code 600z). However, there were 576 cases of ESRD presumably related to urinary obstruction in that the patients diagnosis at listing codes were chronic pyelonephritis, acquired obstructive uropathy, and chronic obstructive uropathy. BPH is the most frequent form of urinary obstruction in men, so it is possible that these represent prevalent BPH cases, although univariate comparison with BPH was nonsignificant (Table 1). If these cases of obstructive ESRD are excluded, the 3-yr incidence is unchanged at 9.7%. Time to BPH diagnosis was evaluated by comparing these obstructive ESRD causes with all others, and there was no significant difference (Figure 1). On univariate analysis, patients diagnosed with BPH were older and less likely to be of black race. They were more likely to have medical comorbid disease (DM, CHF, IHD, PVD, HTN) and less likely to use tobacco. Other transplant factors that were more frequent in BPH patients were ECD, deceased donor, donor age 50, and CIT 24 h. Use of immunosuppressant medications was also slightly different in that BPH patients were more likely to be discharged with cyclosporine (Neoral ) and less likely to be discharged with tacrolimus (Table 1). According to result of Cox regression analysis (adjusting for recipient age, recipient black race, PRA 20%, dialysis vintage, DM, CHF, IHD, PVD, tobacco use, HLA matching, donor age 50, donor black race, CRT, ECD, DCD, DGF, CIT 24 h, year of transplant, and induction/discharge immunosuppression), only recipient age per year (AHR 1.08 [95% CI 1.08 to 1.09]; P 1), later year of transplant (AHR 1.05 [95% CI 1.03 to 1.08]; P 1), and longer dialysis vintage (AHR 1.03 [95% CI 1.02 to 1.04]; P 9) were significantly associated with BPH. Cox nonproportional hazards regression (adjusting for factors listed above for Cox regression analysis) BPH was associated with increased risk of graft loss (AHR 1.36 [95% CI 1.24 to 1.49]; P 1). This association remained significant when graft loss was censored for death (AHR 1.17 [95% CI 1.02 to 1.37]; P 0.047), although with a wider confidence interval and larger P value, which are likely due to the short follow-up time after BPH diagnosis in this cohort (necessitated by 3-yr Medicare window posttransplant) and the reduction in the number of outcomes as a result of excluding death with function.
3 Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4: , 2009 BPH Renal Transplant 331 Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study sample Characteristics N (%) or mean (SD) BPH (%) No BPH (%) p Total 23, (9.7) 21,330 (90.3) Transplant recipient recipient age (years) (15.23) (10.04) (15.10) 1 black race 6653 (28.2) 555 (24.2) 6098 (28.6) 1 years on dialysis prior to transplant 3.31 (2.74) 3.34 (2.62) 3.31 (2.75) Peak PRA 20% 1798 (7.6) 166 (7.2) 1632 (7.7) Comorbid conditions obstructive cause of ESRD a 576 (2.4) 48 (2.1) 528 (2.5) diabetes mellitus 6066 (25.7) 709 (30.9) 5357 (25.1) 1 congestive heart failure 2421 (10.2) 322 (14.0) 2099 (9.8) 1 ischemic heart disease 2193 (9.3) 350 (15.3) 1843 (8.6) 1 peripheral vascular disease 1548 (6.6) 206 (9.0) 1342 (6.3) 1 hypertension 16,545 (70.0) 1691 (73.8) 14,854 (69.6) 1 tobacco use 1081 (4.6) 80 (3.5) 1001 (4.7) Transplant donor age 50 yr 5186 (22.0) 703 (30.7) 4483 (21.0) 1 black race 3113 (13.2) 258 (11.3) 2855 (13.4) 4 deceased 16,831 (71.3) 1728 (75.4) 15,103 (70.8) 1 cold ischemic time 24 h 3625 (15.3) 432 (18.8) 3193 (15.0) 1 donation after cardiac death 688 (2.9) 65 (2.8) 623 (2.9) expanded criteria donor b 2423 (10.3) 391 (17.1) 2032 (9.5) 1 delayed graft function c 4853 (20.5) 504 (22.0) 4349 (20.4) Year of transplant to (34.1) 701 (30.6) 7355 (34.5) 2002 to (36.4) 1001 (43.7) 7609 (35.7) 2004 to ,956 (29.4) 590 (25.7) 6366 (29.8) Induction immunosuppression 19,409 (82.2) 1903 (83.0) 17,506 (82.1) Discharge Immunosuppression Tacrolimus 14,165 (60.0) 1302 (56.8) 12,863 (60.3) 1 Cyclosporine (Neoral ) 5892 (24.9) 609 (26.6) 5283 (24.8) Mycophenolate 18,534 (78.5) 1826 (79.7) 16,708 (78.3) Azathioprine 560 (2.4) 48 (2.1) 512 (2.4) Sirolimus 3395 (14.4) 304 (13.3) 3091 (14.5) Number of HLA mismatches to (22.8) 514 (22.7) 4794 (22.8) 3 to (41.3) 899 (39.7) 8693 (41.4) 5 to (35.9) 851 (37.6) 7499 (35.7) Data given as the number (% of total) or mean one standard deviation (SD). BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia; PRA, panel reactive antibody; ESRD, end stage renal disease; HLA, human leukocyte antigen. a Obstructive cause of ESRD: USRDS diagnosis at listing (DGNL) codes for either chronic pyelonephritis (3007), acquired obstructive uropathy (3030), or chronic obstructive uropathy (3052) b Expanded criteria donor: donor age 50 yr with history of two of the following (stroke, hypertension, creatinine 1.5 mg/ dl) or donor age 60 yr c Delayed graft function: need for dialysis within the 1st wk after transplant Among patients with BPH, 236 (10.3%) were later diagnosed with AUR, and 150 (6.5%) were later diagnosed with UTI at a mean of yr and yr, respectively after BPH diagnosis. There were 252 TURP procedures during the study period, and 168 (66.7%) of these patients had a prior diagnosis of BPH. Among patients with BPH, the 168 (7.3%) TURP procedures were performed at a mean of yr after diagnosis. As outcome variables, AUR, UTI, and TURP procedures were all also associated with increased recipient age (Table 2). Results of univariate analysis showed that BPH was associated with increased risk of AUR (AHR 6.48 [95% CI 5.78 to 7.27]; P 1), UTI (AHR 2.42 [95% CI 2.13 to 2.77]; P 1), and TURP (AHR [95% CI to 73.79]; P 1). Kaplan-Meier time to event plots are shown in Figure 2A-C, which demonstrate increased proportions of AUR, UTI, and TURP in patients with BPH compared with those without.
4 332 Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4: , 2009 Proportion with BPH Time to BPH in Obstructive ESRD vs. Other ESRD ESRD due to All Others Log-rank test result is given, but Cox nonproportional hazards regression was used to evaluate for statistical significance given different time origins for patients with and without BPH. As a time-dependent variable, BPH was significantly associated with AUR, UTI, and TURP (Figure 2A-C). Discussion There is no reason to suspect that the actual incidence of BPH should be greater in the renal transplant population. However, the 3-yr incidence of 9.7% in this study is elevated compared with those from longitudinal studies of the general population such as the Olmsted County study, in which the 10-yr corrected cumulative incidence was 0.85% (9). However, several smaller observational posttransplant studies have yielded similar incidences to those found in our study (3,4,10,11) Presumably, several prevalent patients may be mislabeled as incident cases in oliguric/anuric ESRD patients once urine output is restored after transplantation, and based on the average dialysis vintage in this cohort, BPH diagnosis by LUTS could be delayed for several years. In addition, it would seem reasonable that the observed incidence may be higher in transplant patients given the increased medical surveillance in this population. BPH was significantly associated with renal allograft loss in this study. There is evidence from longitudinal studies that BPH is a progressive disease, (9,12) and that if left 2.00 Years after Transplant log rank p=0.166 ESRD due to Obstruction Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier 1 survival plot for time (in years) to Medicare claim for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in patients with ESRD associated with urinary obstruction (chronic pyelonephritis, acquired obstructive uropathy, chronic obstructive uropathy) versus all other causes of ESRD (log rank P 0.166) censored for death, loss to follow-up, or the end of the study period (31 December 2005) untreated, BPH poses a risk for numerous complications, including AUR, recurrent UTIs, hydronephrosis, and renal failure. (13,14) BPH is known to be associated with UTI risk, and UTI are frequently present upon BPH diagnosis. (3,13) In the renal transplant population, UTI have been shown to be an independent risk factor for graft loss, (15) and were noted in 6.5% of the BPH patients in this study. AUR was noted in 10.3% of patients with BPH in this cohort. This frequency is slightly elevated compared with other studies, reporting cumulative incidences of 1% to 7% over 2 to 5 yr of followup. (9,16,17,18,19) Prostate-related surgeries (TURP) were noted in 7.3% of patients with BPH. This frequency is similar to that reported in the general population (5% to 10%) (9,16,18,19). Of note, there were 84 (33.3%) TURP procedures performed in patients without prior diagnosis of BPH, presumably because they had prostate cancer. As a result of database limitations, we were unable to assess medical therapies for BPH. There are no reports of medical therapy use in the renal transplant literature, but, presumably, this would be the first-line therapy as it is in the general population (9). However, medical therapy does add additional drugs to the lifelong drug regimen that already exists in transplant patients, (6) and there is one report of pretransplant TURP in a patient who refused medical therapy (20). Regarding surgical therapy, the literature is conflicting as to whether or not it is better to perform TURP procedures before or after transplantation. If performed before transplant while the patient is still oliguric/anuric, bladder neck contracture or urethral scarring may develop (10). However, if performed after transplant, one study reported a 25% incidence of major Table 2. Cox regression analysis of factors associated with BPH, AUR, UTI, and TURP after renal transplantation Variable AHR 95% CI p BPH recipient age to dialysis vintage a to transplant year to AUR (after BPH) recipient age to dialysis vintage to UTI (after BPH) recipient age to dialysis vintage to TURP (after BPH) recipient age to dialysis vintage to AHR, adjusted hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia; AUR, acute urinary retention; UTI, urinary tract infection; TURP, transurethral resection of the prostate. a Dialysis vintage: transplant date minus date of first dialysis
5 Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4: , 2009 BPH Renal Transplant 333 A Time to AUR in Patients with or without BPH C Time to TURP Procedure in Patients with or without BPH 0.30 Proportion with AUR Patients with BPH Patients without BPH Proportion with TURP Procedure Patients with BPH Patients without BPH Time to TURP Procedure Time to AUR B Time to UTI in Patients with or without BPH 0.20 Proportion with UTI Patients with BPH Patients without BPH Time to UTI Figure 2. (A) Kaplan-Meier 1 survival plot for time (in years) to Medicare claim for acute urinary retention (AUR) in patients with prior diagnosis of BPH versus those without a diagnosis of BPH censored for death, loss to follow-up, or the end of the study period (31 December 2005). For patients with BPH, time starts at first Medicare claim for BPH. For patients without BPH, time starts at date of transplant (log-rank P 1). As a time-dependent variable in a Cox nonproportional hazards regression analysis, BPH was also associated with AUR (AHR 4.91 [95% CI 4.21 to 5.72]; 1). (B) Similar Kaplan-Meier plot for time to urinary tract infection (UTI) (log rank P 0.202). As a time-dependent variable in a Cox nonproportional hazards regression analysis, BPH was also associated with UTI (AHR 2.62 [95% CI 2.19 to 3.13]; P 1). (C) Similar Kaplan-Meier plot for time to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) procedure (log rank P 1). As a time-dependent variable in a Cox nonproportional hazards regression analysis, BPH was also associated with TURP (AHR [95% CI to 85.02]; P 1).
6 334 Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4: , 2009 perioperative complications including death (5). In other series, patients who underwent TURP posttransplant had ureteral complications, with deaths reported from suprapubic catheter urosepsis (4,6). Given the risk of infection with immunosuppressants and possible prolonged catheterization post-turp, several authors recommend performing TURP 6 to 8 wk pretransplant. (10,11) However, this is not possible with deceased donor kidneys, and other authors have advocated that TURP can be performed safely posttransplant (14). Evaluation for urologic abnormalities including BPH before transplant listing is generally regarded as necessary, although programs utilize different methods of screening. At a minimum, it has been recommended that this evaluation include a history, examination, urinalysis, urine culture, and upper tract imaging, (14,20,21) for men in whom outlet obstruction is suspected; uroflometry combined with a postvoid residual volume is an excellent objective screening test (14). Once a patient is listed for transplant, BPH surveillance is not standard practice, although one author recommends annual assessment for patients on the waiting list (10). On the basis of incident BPH cases in this study, both recipient age and dialysis vintage should be taken into account, and screening should commence at approximately age 50. Limitations BPH is technically a histologic diagnosis, but is frequently used interchangeably with prostatism, a clinical syndrome of LUTS resulting from urethral obstruction at the level of the prostate. It is impossible to determine whether the Medicare claims used in the paper reflect the histologic diagnosis or the clinical syndrome, but it has become standard for investigators to use surrogate clinical measures (e.g., LUTS) to diagnose BPH (22). Although the date of first claim is used to define the onset of diagnosis, it is possible that BPH could have been diagnosed previously, before their Medicare eligibility, and thus could represent prevalent cases. We attempted to exclude prevalent BPH by assessing claims for at least 1 yr pretransplant and excluding patients whose first BPH claim was before the transplant date. To account for ascertainment bias, we repeated this analysis using only patients who had Medicare coverage for at least 1 yr pretransplant as a sensitivity analysis, and the 3 yr incidence of BPH remained elevated compared with the general population at 10.9%. As above, this may not be a true incidence of posttransplant BPH and may be a manifestation of deferred diagnosis while patients were oliguric/anuric and did not experience LUTS. If this is the case, one would expect a peak of BPH cases after transplantation, followed by a return to levels consistent with those of the general population. We did not observe this, but perhaps this would be evident with a longer follow-up period. There could be surveillance bias in this study regarding the BPH-related complications of AUR and UTI. When evaluating these as complications of BPH, we included only patients diagnosed with AUR/UTI after BPH. However, clinically, these can be diagnosed concurrently or even before formal BPH diagnosis, which could lead to misclassification. For example, a male transplant patient could have two to three UTIs before a urologic workup yields a diagnosis of BPH. There could also be misclassification with the diagnosis of AUR in this study in that there could be other causes of urinary retention. For example, progressive vesical dysfunction caused by decreased diuresis has been noted to cause bladder outlet obstruction in male patients on dialysis (23). Information regarding medical therapy for BPH is not available in the USRDS database, so, unlike the controlled studies mentioned in this article, we cannot comment on the effect of medical therapy for these conditions. The association of later year of transplant is likely an era effect reflecting the older age of recipients in later years. In addition, the significant associations between BPH and ECD, CRT, CIT, immunosuppression regimens, and donor age were likely confounded by recipient age because these were no longer significant on the adjusted analysis. The lack of association of black race with BPH on univariate analysis was likely confounded by the younger age of black recipients. Controversy exists as to whether BPH is truly associated with CKD. For example, in the MTOPS study, no men developed renal insufficiency as a result of BPH during a mean follow-up of 4.5 yr. In addition, UTI were rare and the authors suggested that LUTS and BPH were not clinically significant risk factors for UTI (16). However, the unique susceptibility of the transplanted kidney (denervation, reflux with abnormal ureteral valves, immunosuppression) may influence this situation similarly to posttransplant nephrolithiasis (24). Although we have demonstrated an independent association of BPH and AUR, UTI, and allograft loss, we cannot comment on the specific mechanism of graft loss. Limitations specific to the methods of USRDS database research have been described previously (25). Conclusions In summary, incident BPH in males after renal transplant is common and is associated with AUR, UTI, and graft loss. Given these risks, older male patients (especially over age 50 yr) should be screened for BPH before listing, periodically while on the waiting list, and after transplantation, especially in the 1st yr. However, it is unknown whether treatment, either medical or surgical, attenuates the risk of graft loss or urologic complications associated with BPH. Controversy exists as to whether surgical correction is more advantageous if performed before or after transplant, and there is no literature on medical therapy for BPH in this population. Given the above surgical risks in transplant patients, medical therapy would presumably be the first-line treatment, started promptly on detection of urinary obstruction. A randomized trial of medical therapy for BPH related urinary obstruction is needed for both renal transplant recipients and patients on the waiting list.
7 Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4: , 2009 BPH Renal Transplant 335 Appendix A. Diagnostic Codes Used to Define Outomes Diagnosis/event Medicare claims used Diagnostic codes used a Benign prostatic hyperplasia Institutional claims and 600, 600.0, 600.2, Physician supplier claims Transurethral resection of the prostate Institutional claims 60.0, 60.2x (and other prostate procedures) Urinary tract infection Institutional claims 590, 590.1, 590.2, 590.8, 590.9, 595, , Acute urinary retention Institutional claims 788.2x Obstructive cause of ESRD (DGNL USRDS codes) Not applicable 3007 (chronic pyelonephritis), 3030 (acquired obstructive uropathy), 3052 (chronic obstructive uropathy) a All ICD-9 codes except DGNL codes used for Obstructive cause of ESRD. ESRD, end stage renal disease; DGNL, diagnosis at listing; USRDS, United States Renal Data System. Acknowledgments These data were presented as a poster on 1 June 2008 at the American Transplant Congress 2008 Meeting in Toronto, Canada and later published as an abstract (American Journal of Transplantation 8(s2): ) Disclosures None. References 1. U.S. Renal Data System, USRDS 2006 Annual Data Report: Atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD Berry SJ, Coffey DS, Walsh PC, Ewing LL: The development of human benign prostatic hyperplasia with age. J Urol 132: 474, Dorsam J, Wiesel M, Mohring K, Pomer S, Kalble T, Staehler G: Transurethral incision of the prostate following renal transplantation. J Urol 153: , Streeter EH, Little DM, Cranston DW, Morris PJ: The Urological Complications of Renal Transplantation: a series of 1535 patients. BJU International 90: , Reinberg Y, Manivel JC, Sidi AA, Ercole CJ: Transurethral resection of the prostate immediately after renal transplantation. Urology 39: 319, Shoskes DA, Hanbury D, Cranston D, Morris PJ: Urological complications in 1,000 consecutive renal transplant recipients. J Urol 153: 18 21, Schiff M Jr., Weiss RM, Kraus P, Lytton B: Acute urinary retention following renal transplantation. Urology 1: , Rule AD, Lieber MM, Jacobsen SJ: Is benign prostatic hyperplasia a risk factor for chronic renal failure? J Urol Mar; 173: , Sarma AV, Jacobson DJ, McGree ME, Roberts RO, Lieber MM, Jacobsen SJ: A population based study of incidence and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia among residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota: 1987 to 1997 J Urol 173: , Shenasky JH: Renal transplantation in patients with urologic abnormalities. J Urol 115: 490, Kabler RL, Cerny JC: Pre-transplant urologic investigation and treatment of end stage renal disease. J Urol 129: 475, Fitzpatrick JM: The natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int 97[Suppl 2]: 3 6, Sacks SH, Aparicio SA, Bevan A, Oliver DO, Will EJ, Davison AM: Late renal failure due to prostatic outflow obstruction: a preventable disease. BMJ 298: , Power RE, Hickey DP, Little DM: Urological evaluation prior to renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 36: , Abbott KC, Swanson SJ, Richter ER, Bohen EM, Agodoa LY, Peters TG, Barbour G, Lipnick R, Cruess DF: Late urinary tract infection after renal transplantation in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis Aug; 44: , McConnel JD, Roehrborn CG, Bautista OM et al. for the Medial Therapy of Prostatic Symptoms (MTOPS) Research Group: The long-term effect of doxazosin, finasteride, and combination therapy on the clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med 349: , Meigs JB, Barry MJ, Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Kawachi I: Incidence rates and risk factors for acute urinary retention: The Health Professionals Follow Up Study. J Urol 162: , McConnell JD, Bruskewitz R, Walsh P et al: The effect of finasteride on the risk of acute urinary retention and the need for surgical treatment among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Finasteride Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study Group. N Engl J Med 338: , Roehrborn CG for the ALTESS study group: Alfuzosin 10mg once daily prevents overall clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia but not acute urinary retention: Results of a 2-year placebo-controlled study: BJU Int 97: , Glazier DB, Whang MI, Geffner SR, Lyman NW, Friedman GS, Viscuso R, Jacobs MG, Mulgaonkar SP: Evaluation of voiding cystourethrography prior to renal transplantation. Transplantation Dec 27; 62(12): , 1996
8 336 Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4: , Jefferson RH, Burns JR: Urological evaluation of adult renal transplant recipients. J Urol 153(3 Pt 1): , Jacobsen SJ, Girman CJ, Lieber MM: The natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology 58: 5, Menendez V, Cofan F, Talbot-Wright R, Ricart MJ, Gutierrez R, Carretero P: Urodynamic evaluation in simultaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and end stage renal disease. J Urol 155(6): , Abbott KC, Schenkman N, Swanson SJ, Agodoa LY: Hospitalized nephrolithiasis after renal transplantation in the United States. Am J Transplant Apr; 3(4): , Abbott KC, Bucci JR, Cruess D, Taylor AJ, Agodoa LY: Graft loss and acute coronary syndromes after renal transplantation in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol 13: , 2002
Predictors of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in pediatric heart transplant recipients
Pediatr Transplantation 2013: 17: 436 440 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Pediatric Transplantation DOI: 10.1111/petr.12095 Predictors of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in pediatric heart transplant recipients
More informationProstate Gland Volume and Its Relationship to Complications of Benign Prostatic Enlargement
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 14, Issue 6 Ver. II (Jun. 2015), PP 33-37 www.iosrjournals.org Prostate Gland Volume and Its Relationship
More informationQuantification of the Early Risk of Death in Elderly Kidney Transplant Recipients
Wiley Periodicals Inc. C Copyright 2012 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons Quantification of the Early Risk of Death in Elderly Kidney Transplant Recipients
More informationREPORTS. Clinical and Economic Outcomes in Patients Treated for Enlarged Prostate
Clinical and Economic Outcomes in Patients Treated for Enlarged Prostate Michael James Naslund, MD, MBA; Muta M. Issa, MD, MBA; Amy L. Grogg, PharmD; Michael T. Eaddy, PharmD, PhD; and Libby Black, PharmD
More informationKidney Transplant Outcomes In Elderly Patients. Simin Goral MD University of Pennsylvania Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Kidney Transplant Outcomes In Elderly Patients Simin Goral MD University of Pennsylvania Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Case Discussion 70 year old Asian male, neuropsychiatrist, works full
More informationCan men with prostates sized 80 ml or larger be managed conservatively?
Original Article - Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Investig Clin Urol 2017;58:359-364. pissn 2466-0493 eissn 2466-054X Can men with prostates sized 80 ml or larger be managed conservatively? Alvin Lee,
More informationCOMPARISON OF THE SURVIVAL OF SHIPPED AND LOCALLY TRANSPLANTED CADAVERIC RENAL ALLOGRAFTS
COMPARISON OF THE SURVIVAL OF SHIPPED AND LOCALLY TRANSPLANTED CADAVERIC RENAL ALLOGRAFTS A COMPARISON OF THE SURVIVAL OF SHIPPED AND LOCALLY TRANSPLANTED CADAVERIC RENAL ALLOGRAFTS KEVIN C. MANGE, M.D.,
More informationLiterature Review Transplantation
Literature Review 2010- Transplantation Alexander Wiseman, M.D. Associate Professor, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Medical Director, Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Programs University of
More informationα-blocker Monotherapy and α-blocker Plus 5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor Combination Treatment in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia; 10 Years Long-Term Results
www.kjurology.org http://dx.doi.org/10.4111/kju.2012.53.4.248 Voiding Dysfunction α-blocker Monotherapy and α-blocker Plus 5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor Combination Treatment in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia;
More informationTransplant Update New Kidney Allocation System Transplant Referral Strategies. Antonia Harford, MD University of New Mexico
Transplant Update New Kidney Allocation System Transplant Referral Strategies Antonia Harford, MD University of New Mexico Financial Disclosures Doctor Harford has received financial support for dialysis
More informationChapter 6: Transplantation
Chapter 6: Transplantation Introduction During calendar year 2012, 17,305 kidney transplants, including kidney-alone and kidney plus at least one additional organ, were performed in the United States.
More informationThe New Kidney Allocation System: What You Need to Know. Anup Patel, MD Clinical Director Renal and Pancreas Transplant Division Barnabas Health
The New Kidney Allocation System: What You Need to Know Anup Patel, MD Clinical Director Renal and Pancreas Transplant Division Barnabas Health ~6% of patients die each year on the deceased donor waiting
More informationNIH Public Access Author Manuscript J Urol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 May 4.
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: J Urol. 2009 December ; 182(6): 2819 2824. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2009.08.086. Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion in Men in Olmsted County,
More informationSteroid Minimization: Great Idea or Silly Move?
Steroid Minimization: Great Idea or Silly Move? Disclosures I have financial relationship(s) within the last 12 months relevant to my presentation with: Astellas Grants ** Bristol Myers Squibb Grants,
More informationIn adults, urinary tract infection (UTI) after renal transplantation
CJASN epress. Published on December 6, 2006 as doi: 10.2215/CJN.01820506 Effects of Urinary Tract Infection on Outcomes after Renal Transplantation in Children Vikas R. Dharnidharka,* Lawrence Y. Agodoa,
More informationHome Hemodialysis or Transplantation of the Treatment of Choice for Elderly?
Home Hemodialysis or Transplantation of the Treatment of Choice for Elderly? Miklos Z Molnar, MD, PhD, FEBTM, FERA, FASN Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine University
More informationCardiovascular Risk Reduction in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Kidney Transplant Recipients Rainer Oberbauer R.O. AUG 2010 CV Mortality in ESRD compared to the general population R.O.2/32 Modified from Foley et al. AJKD 32 (suppl3):
More informationTherapeutic Strategies for Managing BPH Progression
european urology supplements 5 (2006) 997 1003 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.europeanurology.com Therapeutic Strategies for Managing BPH Progression John M. Fitzpatrick a, *,
More informationBPH: a present and future perspective on health impact
BPH: a present and future perspective on health impact Burden of disease in men with moderate LUTS Dalibor Pacík This presentation is financially supported by GlaxoSmithKline. CZ/DUTT/0019/12 Men with
More informationCase Report Transurethral Incision of the Bladder Neck in a Woman with Primary Bladder Neck Obstruction after Kidney Transplantation
Case Reports in Transplantation Volume 2015, Article ID 312084, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/312084 Case Report Transurethral Incision of the Bladder Neck in a Woman with Primary Bladder Neck
More informationAbstract. Key words Trial without catheter, Acute urinary retention, Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Introduction
The role of sustained-released alfuzosin in the treatment of acute urinary retention Mohamed Fawzi Ahmed. Department of Surgery, Ninevah College of Medicine, University of Mosul. Abstract To see whether
More informationBK virus infection in renal transplant recipients: single centre experience. Dr Wong Lok Yan Ivy
BK virus infection in renal transplant recipients: single centre experience Dr Wong Lok Yan Ivy Background BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) has emerged as an important cause of renal graft dysfunction in recent
More informationJ Am Soc Nephrol 14: , 2003
J Am Soc Nephrol 14: 208 213, 2003 Kidney Allograft and Patient Survival in Type I Diabetic Recipients of Cadaveric Kidney Alone Versus Simultaneous Pancreas/Kidney Transplants: A Multivariate Analysis
More informationThe role of bladder diverticula in the prevalence of acute urinary retention in patients with BPH who are candidates
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Vol. 44 (x): 2018 March 3.[Ahead of print] doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2017.0605 The role of bladder diverticula in the prevalence of acute urinary retention in patients with BPH who
More informationSELECTED ABSTRACTS. All (n) % 3-year GS 88% 82% 86% 85% 88% 80% % 3-year DC-GS 95% 87% 94% 89% 96% 80%
SELECTED ABSTRACTS The following are summaries of selected posters presented at the American Transplant Congress on May 5 9, 2007, in San Humar A, Gillingham KJ, Payne WD, et al. Review of >1000 kidney
More informationLow Incidence of Acute Urinary Retention in the General Male Population: TheTriumph Project
European Urology European Urology 47 (2005) 494 498 Low Incidence of Acute Urinary Retention in the General Male Population: TheTriumph Project K.M.C. Verhamme a,b, *, J.P. Dieleman a, M.A.M. van Wijk
More informationPeter Chang,* Jagbir Gill,* James Dong,* Caren Rose,* Howard Yan,* David Landsberg,* Edward H. Cole, and John S. Gill*
Article Living Donor Age and Kidney Allograft Half-Life: Implications for Living Donor Paired Exchange Programs Peter Chang,* Jagbir Gill,* James Dong,* Caren Rose,* Howard Yan,* David Landsberg,* Edward
More informationKidney Transplantation in the Elderly. Kristian Heldal, MD, PhD Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway and University of Oslo
Kidney Transplantation in the Elderly Kristian Heldal, MD, PhD Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway and University of Oslo Agenda Background: Age and chronic kidney disease End stage kidney disease:
More informationWho will not benefit from a kidney transplant. Deirdre Sawinski, MD University of Pennsylvania
Who will not benefit from a kidney transplant Deirdre Sawinski, MD University of Pennsylvania Disclosures No financial disclosures relevant to this presentation. I am a transplant nephrologist and I believe
More informationLong-term prognosis of BK virus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients
Original Article Kidney Res Clin Pract 37:167-173, 2018(2) pissn: 2211-9132 eissn: 2211-9140 https://doi.org/10.23876/j.krcp.2018.37.2.167 KIDNEY RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE Long-term prognosis of BK
More informationIncreasing Awareness, Diagnosis, and Treatment of BPH, LUTS, and EP
Introduction to Enlarged Prostate E. David Crawford, MD Professor of Surgery (Urology) and Radiation Oncology Head, Urologic Oncology E. David Crawford Endowed Chair in Urologic Oncology University of
More informationArticle. Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney Transplant versus Other Kidney Transplant Options in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Article Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney Transplant versus Other Kidney Transplant Options in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Alexander C. Wiseman* and Jane Gralla Summary Background and objectives Current organ
More informationDrugTreatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Hospital Admission for BPH-Related Surgery
European Urology European Urology 43 (2003) 528 534 DrugTreatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Hospital Admission for BPH-Related Surgery P.C. Souverein a,*, J.A. Erkens b, J.J.M.C.H. de la Rosette
More informationClinical correlates, outcomes and healthcare costs associated with early mechanical ventilation after kidney transplantation
The American Journal of Surgery (2013) 206, 686-692 Association of Women Surgeons: Clinical Science Clinical correlates, outcomes and healthcare costs associated with early mechanical ventilation after
More informationReduced graft function (with or without dialysis) vs immediate graft function a comparison of long-term renal allograft survival
Nephrol Dial Transplant (2006) 21: 2270 2274 doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl103 Advance Access publication 22 May 2006 Original Article Reduced graft function (with or without dialysis) vs immediate graft function
More informationKidney Transplant in the Elderly. Robert Santella, M.D., F.A.C.P.
Kidney Transplant in the Elderly! Robert Santella, M.D., F.A.C.P. Incident Rate of ESRD by Age Age 75+ 65-74 From US Renal Data System, 2012 Should there be an age limit? Various guidelines: Canadian,
More informationChapter 2: Identification and Care of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 2: Identification and Care of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Introduction The examination of care in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant challenge, as most large datasets
More informationchapter seven transplantation page
chapter seven There been times that I thought I couldn t last for long But now I think I m able to carry on It s been a long, a long time coming But I know a change gonna come, oh yes it will Sam Cooke,
More informationSecular Trends in Cardiovascular Disease in Kidney Transplant Recipients: 1994 to 2009
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository June 2015 Secular Trends in Cardiovascular Disease in Kidney Transplant Recipients: 1994 to 2009 Ngan Lam The University
More informationStatus of the CKD and ESRD treatment: Growth, Care, Disparities
Status of the CKD and ESRD treatment: Growth, Care, Disparities United States Renal Data System Coordinating Center An J. Collins, MD FACP Director USRDS Coordinating Center Robert Foley, MB Co-investigator
More informationThe Hallmarks of BPH Progression and Risk Factors
European Urology Supplements European Urology Supplements 2 (23) 2 7 The Hallmarks of BPH Progression and Risk Factors M. Emberton * Institute of Urology and Nephrology, University College London, 48 Riding
More informationAccess and Outcomes Among Minority Transplant Patients, , with a Focus on Determinants of Kidney Graft Survival
American Journal of Transplantation 2010; 10 (Part 2): 1090 1107 Wiley Periodicals Inc. Special Feature No claim to original US government works Journal compilation C 2010 The American Society of Transplantation
More informationFor more information about how to cite these materials visit
Author(s): Silas P. Norman, M.D., 2009 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
More informationRecent studies demonstrate that myocardial infarction
Incidence and Predictors of Myocardial Infarction after Kidney Transplantation Krista L. Lentine,* Daniel C. Brennan, and Mark A. Schnitzler* *Department of Medicine, Center for Outcomes Research, Saint
More informationBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Jay Lee, MD, FRCSC Clinical Associate Professor University of Calgary
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Jay Lee, MD, FRCSC Clinical Associate Professor University of Calgary Copyright 2017 by Sea Courses Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, copied,
More informationThe Evolution of Combination Therapy. US men eligible for BPH treatment * with projected population changes
The Management of BPH & The Impact of Combination Therapy Results Combination of Avodart and Tamsulosin (CombAT) Medical Therapy of Prostate Symptoms (MTOPS) Dr. Jack Barkin, md, fics, facs, dabu, Mcert
More informationPOOR LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AMONG PATIENTS ON LONG-TERM DIALYSIS
POOR LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AMONG PATIENTS ON LONG-TERM DIALYSIS CHARLES A. HERZOG, M.D., JENNIE Z. MA, PH.D., AND ALLAN J. COLLINS, M.D. ABSTRACT Background Cardiovascular
More informationFinland and Sweden and UK GP-HOSP datasets
Web appendix: Supplementary material Table 1 Specific diagnosis codes used to identify bladder cancer cases in each dataset Finland and Sweden and UK GP-HOSP datasets Netherlands hospital and cancer registry
More informationMORTALITY IN PATIENTS ON DIALYSIS AND TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
MORTALITY IN PATIENTS ON DIALYSIS AND TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS COMPARISON OF MORTALITY IN ALL PATIENTS ON DIALYSIS, PATIENTS ON DIALYSIS AWAITING TRANSPLANTATION, AND RECIPIENTS OF A FIRST CADAVERIC TRANSPLANT
More informationKidney Allograft Stone after Kidney Transplantation and its Association with Graft Survival
Original Article Kidney Allograft Stone after Kidney Transplantation and its Association with Graft Survival M. S. Rezaee-Zavareh 1,2, R. Ajudani 1, M. Ramezani Binabaj 1, F. Heydari 2, B. Einollahi 2
More informationIndex. urologic.theclinics.com. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.
Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Ablative therapies, transurethral needle ablation, Adverse events, sexual side effects of BPH Aging, and incidence of BPH associated with
More informationAuthors KC Cheng, LF Lee, KW Wong, HC Chan, CL Cho, H Chau, KM Lam, HS So. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, United Christian Hospital
Efficacy of Routine Screening of Urine Culture before Transurethral Prostatectomy on the Improvement of the Post Operative Outcome - a Single Centre Experience Authors KC Cheng, LF Lee, KW Wong, HC Chan,
More informationUSRDS UNITED STATES RENAL DATA SYSTEM
USRDS UNITED STATES RENAL DATA SYSTEM Chapter 6: Medicare Expenditures for Persons With CKD Medicare spending for patients with CKD aged 65 and older exceeded $50 billion in 2013, representing 20% of all
More informationUpdate on Kidney Allocation
Update on Kidney Allocation 23rd Annual Conference Association for Multicultural Affairs in Transplantation Silas P. Norman, M.D., M.P.H. Associate Professor Division of Nephrology September 23, 2015 Disclosures
More informationISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage:
Archives of Andrology Journal of Reproductive Systems ISSN: 0148-5016 (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/iaan19 CHANGE IN INTERNATIONAL PROSTATE SYMPTOM SCORE AFTER TRANSURETHRAL
More informationThe Risk of Fracture with Taking Alpha Blockers for Treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
J Prev Med Public Health 2009;42(3):165-170 DOI: 103961/jpmph2009423165 The Risk of Fracture with Taking Alpha Blockers for Treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Joongyub Lee 1) Nam-Kyoung Choi 13) Sun-Young
More informationkidney OPTN/SRTR 2012 Annual Data Report:
kidney wait list 18 deceased donation 22 live donation 24 transplant 26 donor-recipient matching 28 outcomes 3 pediatric transplant 33 Medicare data 4 transplant center maps 43 A. J. Matas1,2, J. M. Smith1,3,
More informationLong-term outcomes in nondiabetic chronic kidney disease
original article http://www.kidney-international.org & 28 International Society of Nephrology Long-term outcomes in nondiabetic chronic kidney disease V Menon 1, X Wang 2, MJ Sarnak 1, LH Hunsicker 3,
More informationTransplant Nephrology Update: Focus on Outcomes and Increasing Access to Transplantation
Transplant Nephrology Update: Focus on Outcomes and Increasing Access to Transplantation Titte R Srinivas, MD, FAST Medical Director, Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Programs Objectives: Describe trends
More informationProgress in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation
Send Orders for Reprints to reprints@benthamscience.net The Open Urology & Nephrology Journal, 214, 7, (Suppl 2: M2) 115-122 115 Progress in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation Jodi M. Smith *,1 and Vikas
More informationShort-term and Long-term Survival of Kidney Allograft Cure Model Analysis
TRANSPLANTATION Short-term and Long-term Survival of Kidney Allograft Cure Model Analysis Moghaddameh Mirzaee, 1 Jalal Azmandian, 2 Hojjat Zeraati, 1 Mahmood Mahmoodi, 1 Kazem Mohammad, 1 Abbas Etminan,
More informationOUT OF DATE. Choice of calcineurin inhibitors in adult renal transplantation: Effects on transplant outcomes
nep_734.fm Page 88 Friday, January 26, 2007 6:47 PM Blackwell Publishing AsiaMelbourne, AustraliaNEPNephrology1320-5358 2006 The Author; Journal compilation 2006 Asian Pacific Society of Nephrology? 200712S18897MiscellaneousCalcineurin
More informationMANAGING BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY IN PRIMARY CARE DR GEORGE G MATHEW CONSULTANT FAMILY PHYSICIAN FELLOW IN SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
MANAGING BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY IN PRIMARY CARE DR GEORGE G MATHEW CONSULTANT FAMILY PHYSICIAN FELLOW IN SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH INTRODUCTION (1) Part of male sexual reproductive organ Size
More informationImpact of ultrasound examination shortly after kidney transplantation
Eur Surg (2017) 49:140 144 DOI 10.1007/s10353-017-0467-z Impact of ultrasound examination shortly after kidney transplantation Christoph Schwarz Jakob Mühlbacher Georg A. Böhmig Marin Purtic Eleonore Pablik
More informationEfficacy and Safety of Thymoglobulin and Basiliximab in Kidney Transplant Patients at High Risk for Acute Rejection and Delayed Graft Function
ArtIcle Efficacy and Safety of Thymoglobulin and Basiliximab in Kidney Transplant Patients at High Risk for Acute Rejection and Delayed Graft Function Guodong Chen, 1 Jingli Gu, 2 Jiang Qiu, 1 Changxi
More informationHong Kong College of Surgical Nursing
Hong Kong College of Surgical Nursing Higher Surgical Nursing Training: Part B Specialty - Urological Nursing Curriculum TABLE OF CONTENTS No. Contents Page. Introduction. Aims. Learning Objectives 4.
More informationGlossary. Anesthesiologist A doctor who puts you or parts of your body to sleep during surgery.
1-Glossary Glossary Acute rejection A type of rejection that occurs when immune cells from your body attack the transplanted organ(s). Acute rejection may occur at any time after a transplant. But it usually
More informationNOTE: This policy is not effective until April 1, Transurethral Water Vapor Thermal Therapy of the Prostate
NOTE: This policy is not effective until April 1, 2019. Medical Policy Manual Surgery, Policy No. 210 Transurethral Water Vapor Thermal Therapy of the Prostate Next Review: December 2019 Last Review: December
More informationKidney and Pancreas Transplantation in the United States,
American Journal of Transplantation 2006; 6 (Part 2): 1153 1169 Blackwell Munksgaard No claim to original US government works Journal compilation C 2006 The American Society of Transplantation and the
More informationPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a major complication
Peripheral Arterial Disease and Renal Transplantation Jon J. Snyder,* Bertram L. Kasiske, and Ross Maclean *Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, and Department of Medicine,
More informationVOIDING DYSFUNCTION IN ELDERLY MALE CURRENT STATUS
VOIDING DYSFUNCTION IN ELDERLY MALE CURRENT STATUS DR. FRANCIS LEE Voiding dysfunction Storage Emptying Common voiding dysfunction in elderly male Emptying BPH Storage Incontinence Overactive bladder Post-prostatectomy
More informationESRD affects approximately 300,000 people in the United
Dementia as a Predictor of Mortality in Dialysis Patients Daniel A. Rakowski,* Sophie Caillard, Lawrence Y. Agodoa, and Kevin C. Abbott* *Nephrology Service, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington,
More informationKidney Transplant Outcomes for Prolonged Cold Ischemic Times in the Context of Kidney Paired Donation
Kidney Transplant Outcomes for Prolonged Cold Ischemic Times in the Context of Kidney Paired Donation by Yayuk Joffres Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master
More informationCigarette Smoking in Renal Transplant Recipients
Cigarette Smoking in Renal Transplant Recipients J Am Soc Nephrol 11: 753 759, 2000 BERTRAM L. KASISKE and DAGMAR KLINGER Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hennepin County Medical Center,
More informationChapter 4: Research and Future Directions
Chapter 4: Research and Future Directions Introduction Many of the future research needs listed in the 1994 Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) clinical practice guideline Benign Prostatic
More informationAmbulatory Try off Catheter (ATOC) Program for the Patient with Acute Retention of Urine Outpatient Service
Ambulatory Try off Catheter (ATOC) Program for the Patient with Acute Retention of Urine Outpatient Service Mr. Tang, Chi Chiu Kevin (APN) Urology Center Department of Surgery Kwong Wah Hospital Redevelopment
More informationCover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/29755 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Moes, Dirk Jan Alie Roelof Title: Optimizing immunosuppression with mtor inhibitors
More informationWhat is the Best Induction Immunosuppression Regimen in Kidney Transplantation? Richard Borrows: Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham
What is the Best Induction Immunosuppression Regimen in Kidney Transplantation? Richard Borrows: Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham SYMPHONY Study Ekberg et al. NEJM 2008 Excluded: DCD kidneys; CIT>30hours;
More informationThe incidence of acute urinary retention secondary to BPH is increasing among California men
Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Disease (2013) 16, 260 265 & 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 1365-7852/13 www.nature.com/pcan ORIGINAL ARTICLE The incidence of acute urinary retention
More informationChapter 2: Identification and Care of Patients With CKD
Chapter 2: Identification and Care of Patients With CKD Over half of patients in the Medicare 5% sample (aged 65 and older) had at least one of three diagnosed chronic conditions chronic kidney disease
More informationChapter 2: Identification and Care of Patients with CKD
Chapter 2: Identification and Care of Patients with CKD Over half of patients in the Medicare 5% sample (aged 65 and older) had at least one of three diagnosed chronic conditions chronic kidney disease
More informationThe University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy
LONG TERM PERSISTENCE WITH ACEI/ARB THERAPY AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2006-2007 MEDICARE 5% NATIONAL SAMPLE DATA Lokhandwala T. MS, Yang Y. PhD, Thumula V. MS, Bentley J.P.
More informationJ Clin Oncol 28: by American Society of Clinical Oncology INTRODUCTION
VOLUME 28 NUMBER 1 JANUARY 1 2010 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY O R I G I N A L R E P O R T Clinical Results of Long-Term Follow-Up of a Large, Active Surveillance Cohort With Localized Prostate Cancer
More informationChronic renal histological changes at implantation and subsequent deceased donor kidney transplant outcomes: a single-centre analysis
Chronic renal histological changes at implantation and subsequent deceased donor kidney transplant outcomes: a single-centre analysis Benedict Phillips 1, Kerem Atalar 1, Hannah Wilkinson 1, Nicos Kessaris
More informationSubstance Use Among Potential Kidney Transplant Candidates and its Impact on Access to Kidney Transplantation: A Canadian Cohort Study
Substance Use Among Potential Kidney Transplant Candidates and its Impact on Access to Kidney Transplantation: A Canadian Cohort Study Evan Tang 1, Aarushi Bansal 1, Michelle Kwok 1, Olusegun Famure 1,
More informationPART ONE. Peritoneal Kinetics and Anatomy
PART ONE Peritoneal Kinetics and Anatomy Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Vol. 22, 2006 Paul A. Fein, Irfan Fazil, Muhammad A. Rafiq, Teresa Schloth, Betty Matza, Jyotiprakas Chattopadhyay, Morrell M.
More informationChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stages. CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE Treatment Options. Incident counts & adjusted rates, by primary diagnosis Figure 2.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stages Stage 1 GFR > 90 (evidence of renal disease) Stage 2 GFR 60-89 Stage 3 GFR 30-59 Stage 4 GFR 15-29 Stage 5 GFR
More informationOriginal Policy Date
MP 7.01.39 Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy Medical Policy Section Surgery Issue 12:2013 Original Policy Date 12:2013 Last Review Status/Date Reviewed with literature search/12:2013 Return to Medical
More informationInfluence of body mass index on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia-related complications in patients undergoing prostatectomy
Mosli and Mosli SpringerPlus 2013, 2:537 a SpringerOpen Journal CASE STUDY Open Access Influence of body mass index on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia-related complications in patients undergoing prostatectomy
More informationBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH):
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Evidence Based Guidelines for Primary Care Providers Jeanne Martin, DNP, ANP-BC Objectives 1. Understand the pathophysiology and prevalence of BPH 2. Select the appropriate
More informationZhao Y Y et al. Ann Intern Med 2012;156:
Zhao Y Y et al. Ann Intern Med 2012;156:560-569 Introduction Fibrates are commonly prescribed to treat dyslipidemia An increase in serum creatinine level after use has been observed in randomized, placebocontrolled
More informationEvidence-based guidelines in lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia and variation in care
REVIEW C URRENT OPINION Evidence-based guidelines in lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia and variation in care Seth A. Strope Purpose of review Guidelines have been developed
More informationIS IRRIGATION NECESSARY AFTER MONOPOLAR TURP? OUR 11 YEARS EXPERIENCE
IS IRRIGATION NECESSARY AFTER MONOPOLAR TURP? OUR 11 YEARS EXPERIENCE Prasannakumar K, Venkatesh Krishnamoorthy, Maneesh Sinha, Krishna Prasad T, Pradeepa MG Abstract Objective: This study was conducted
More informationUSRDS UNITED STATES RENAL DATA SYSTEM
USRDS UNITED STATES RENAL DATA SYSTEM Chapter 2: Identification and Care of Patients With CKD Over half of patients from the Medicare 5 percent sample have either a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease
More informationAsyntomatic bacteriuria, Urinary Tract Infection
Asyntomatic bacteriuria, Urinary Tract Infection C. Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Asyntomatic Bacteriuria in Adults (2005) Pyuria accompanying asymptomatic
More informationEAU GUIDELINES POCKET EDITION 3
EAU GUIDELINES POCKET EDITION 3 CONTENTS: BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA URINARY INCONTINENCE UROLITHIASIS 2 3 EAU POCKET GUIDELINES POCKET EDITION 3 This is one of a series of convenient pocket size books
More informationObesity has become an epidemic in the United States
Original Clinical ScienceçGeneral Selected Mildly Obese Donors Can Be Used Safely in Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation Tarek Alhamad, MD, MS, 1,2 Andrew F. Malone, MD, 1 Krista L. Lentine,
More informationThe Journal of International Medical Research 2012; 40:
The Journal of International Medical Research 2012; 40: 899 908 Comparison of α-blocker Monotherapy and α-blocker Plus 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Combination Therapy Based on Prostate Volume for Treatment
More information