Arginine Metabolism: Enzymology, Nutrition, and Clinical Significance
|
|
- Jordan Melvyn Cook
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Arginine Metabolism: Enzymology, Nutrition, and Clinical Significance Elimination of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine by the Kidney and the Liver: A Link to the Development of Multiple Organ Failure? 1,2 Robert J. Nijveldt,* Michiel P. C. Siroen,* Tom Teerlink, and Paul A. M. van Leeuwen* 3 Departments of *Surgery and Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ABSTRACT Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a recently recognized endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide production. Its role in cardiovascular disease is emerging, and ADMA appears to be an important causal factor in dysfunction of the vascular system. Several studies show that ADMA accumulates during renal failure, and ADMA has been identified as causing the cardiovascular complications accompanying renal failure. In addition to the kidney, we recently suggested an important role for the liver as an ADMA-eliminating organ. In a population of critically ill patients, hepatic failure was the most prominent determinant of ADMA concentration, and, notably, high ADMA concentration proved to be a strong and independent risk factor for intensive care unit mortality in these patients. We here summarize the role of both the kidney and the liver in the regulation of ADMA levels. In addition, the potential central role of ADMA as a causative factor in the development of multiple organ failure is discussed. J. Nutr. 134: 2848S 2852S, KEY WORDS: asymmetric dimethylarginine dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase nitric oxide liver kidney multiple organ failure The arginine nitric oxide (NO) pathway plays a crucial role in several pathophysiological aspects of critical illness, such as infection, inflammation, organ injury, and transplant rejection. NO is synthesized from the amino acid arginine by the action of NO synthases (NOSs), 4 a family of enzymes with endothelial, neuronal, and inducible isoforms. Endothelium-derived NO causes vasodilation, prevents cellular adhesion to the vascular wall, inhibits platelet aggregation, and limits the development of neointimal hyperplasia by inducing apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, NO reduces superoxide radical generation, inhibits oxidation of LDLs, and is involved in host defense by acting as a cytotoxic agent. Considering these important physiological functions, it is conceivable that reduced NO availability may result in impaired function of the cardiovascular and immune system. Interestingly, in 1992 it was discovered that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) plays a regulatory role in the arginine-no pathway, by 1 Prepared for the conference Symposium on Arginine held April 5 6, 2004 in Bermuda. The conference was sponsored in part by an educational grant from Ajinomoto USA, Inc. Conference proceedings are published as a supplement to The Journal of Nutrition. Guest Editors for the supplement were Sidney M. Morris, Jr., Joseph Loscalzo, Dennis Bier, and Wiley W. Souba. 2 R.J.N. is the recipient of a fellowship from the Council for Medical Research of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. 3 To whom correspondence should be addressed. pam.vleeuwen@vumc.nl. 4 Abbreviations used: ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; DDAH, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase; MMA, monomethylarginine; MOF, multiple organ failure; NO, nitric oxide; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; SDMA, symmetric dimethylarginine. inhibiting all isoforms of the enzyme NO synthase (1). Since this observation, there has been growing interest in ADMA, especially with respect to cardiovascular disease. In asymptomatic humans with hypercholesterolemia, elevated ADMA levels were found, and ADMA levels were associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and reduced nitrate excretion (2). ADMA levels are also increased in elderly patients with peripheral arterial disease and generalized atherosclerosis (3). Miyazaki et al. (4) measured plasma ADMA levels in 116 human subjects who had no sign of coronary or peripheral artery disease. They found that ADMA levels were positively correlated with age, mean arterial pressure, and glucose tolerance. Most intriguingly, ADMA levels proved to be correlated with carotid artery intima-media thickness in stepwise regression analysis. Although the cross-sectional nature of this study limited the ability to assess temporal relations, it suggests that ADMA may be a marker of atherosclerosis. Moreover, in a prospective nested case-control study in middle-aged nonsmoking men from eastern Finland, high concentrations of ADMA were associated with an increased risk of acute coronary events (5). Accumulation of ADMA has therefore been linked to endothelial dysfunction, and, as recently reviewed by Böger (6), the role of ADMA as a novel cardiovascular risk factor is emerging. In this article, we briefly focus on the origin and fate of ADMA, on the roles of the kidney and the liver as potential determinants of plasma ADMA concentration, and on the causative role of ADMA in the development of multiple organ failure (MOF) /04 $ American Society for Nutritional Sciences. 2848S
2 THE ROLE OF ADMA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE 2849S Origin and fate of ADMA Methylarginines are synthesized by posttranslational modification, involving the addition of methyl groups to arginine residues in proteins by enzymes called protein arginine methyltransferases (Fig. 1). These methylated proteins are predominantly found in the nucleus and play a role in RNA processing and transcriptional control (7). Methylarginines are released when these proteins are hydrolyzed, thereby being an obligatory product of protein turnover. In humans, 3 distinct methylated arginines are found in the circulation: monomethylarginine (MMA), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) (Fig. 2). Like ADMA, MMA also directly inhibits NOS, whereas SDMA has no direct effect on this enzyme. In addition, all 3 analogs interfere with NO synthesis by competing with arginine for cellular transport across cationic amino acid transporters of system y (8). Because physiological concentrations of ADMA are 10-fold higher than those of MMA, ADMA can be regarded as the predominant endogenous inhibitor of NO biosynthesis (9). Both ADMA and SDMA are eliminated from the body by urinary excretion. However, the most important metabolic pathway for ADMA is degradation by the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), which has been isolated from rat kidney and is colocalized with the various NOS enzymes (10 13). This enzyme converts ADMA into dimethylamine and citrulline and is mainly present in the liver, in the kidney, in the pancreas, and in endothelial cells (14,15). Overexpression of human DDAH in transgenic mice causes a decrease in plasma ADMA levels with a concomitant increase in tissue NOS activity, providing strong evidence for an important role of endogenous ADMA in regulating NO synthase activity (16). The role of the kidney In 1992, Vallance et al. (9) reported elevated levels of ADMA in patients with renal failure, and Kielstein et al. (17) FIGURE 1 The metabolism of ADMA. Methylarginines are synthesized via addition of methyl groups to arginine residues in proteins by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) and are released when these methylated proteins are hydrolyzed. Free ADMA is able to inhibit NOS. ADMA is eliminated from the body by urinary excretion, but the most important eliminatory pathway is degradation by DDAH. FIGURE 2 Biochemical structures of arginine analogs showed that ADMA was higher in dialysis patients with clinically manifest atherosclerosis than in those without atherosclerotic disease. This suggests that elevated levels of ADMA may contribute to the high cardiovascular morbidity in these patients. Indeed, Zoccali et al. (18) studied the relation between cardiovascular risk factors and plasma ADMA concentration in a cohort of 225 hemodialysis patients and found that plasma ADMA was a strong and independent risk factor of overall mortality and cardiovascular outcome. In another study in patients with end-stage renal disease, the same investigators reported that elevated ADMA plasma concentration was associated with left ventricular dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy, important risk factors for mortality in these patients (19). Interestingly, in patients with chronic renal failure, a sharp rise in concentration of SDMA, the stereoisomer of ADMA, has also been reported (20). Although SDMA has no inhibitory activity toward the enzyme NOS, Fleck et al. (20) pointed out the potential importance of SDMA, and concluded, in their study of a large population of renal failure patients, that not only ADMA levels but also SDMA levels were likely responsible for hypertension, possibly by competition for reabsorption between SDMA and arginine in the kidney. In the past, several groups demonstrated that the human kidney is capable of excreting both ADMA and SDMA (21,22). However, no conclusions on net renal extraction of dimethylarginines could be drawn from these data, because not only urinary excretion but also metabolic pathways within the kidney seem to determine renal dimethylarginine handling. We recently confirmed the role of the kidney as an ADMAeliminating organ in healthy humans (23). Plasma concentrations of dimethylarginines were measured in both arterial and renal venous blood in 20 fasting patients with normal renal function. Renal extraction of ADMA, as a measure of ADMA elimination, was calculated as the arteriovenous concentration difference divided by the arterial concentration times 100%. We found a notable net renal extraction of both dimethylarginines. Interestingly, net renal extraction of ADMA was greater than that of SDMA (Table 1). In addition, arterial SDMA concentration, but not ADMA concentration, correlated with arterial creatinine concentration (r 0.607, P 0.005). We concluded that the kidney contributed to the regulation of plasma levels of dimethylarginines. In addition, the greater renal extraction of ADMA strongly suggested the presence of an additional catabolic pathway for ADMA in the kidney. These data prompted us to study the role of the kidney in more detail in a rat model. Theoretically, reduced DDAH activity may be the cause of elevated ADMA concentrations (24). DDAH activity is in-
3 2850S SUPPLEMENT Model TABLE 1 Renal extraction of ADMA and SDMA1 ADMA Renal extraction2 SDMA Human study * Rat model Control LPS Values are means SEM; * different from ADMA, P 0.05; different from control, P Expressed as percentage of supply. fluenced by such factors as oxidative stress and inflammation (25,26). We intended to modulate DDAH activity in rats by endotoxin-induced inflammation. We found a net uptake of both ADMA and SDMA by the kidney (Table 1) (27). Furthermore, we found strong evidence for differential renal handling of the 2 dimethylarginines. The elimination of ADMA by the kidney could not be explained by urinary excretion, because the urinary concentration of unchanged ADMA was negligible. This finding points to a high metabolic turnover of ADMA in the kidney, which fully accounts for the observed net renal uptake of ADMA. Thus, in contrast to humans, in rats the kidney is not capable of excreting unchanged ADMA (23,28), which indicates a differential handling of dimethylarginines. Interestingly, both renal fractional extraction rate and net renal uptake were significantly lower in rats treated with endotoxin (Table 1). The role of the liver As mentioned, ADMA is not only dependent on renal function but is also subject to enzymatic degradation by DDAH. The recognition of DDAH as a potentially important regulator of plasma ADMA concentration widens the field of research and points out that other organs may also be involved in the metabolism of dimethylarginines. Carnegie et al. (28) indicated the potential role of the liver in the metabolism of dimethylarginines by reporting a decreased urinary excretion ratio of SDMA to ADMA in patients with chronic active hepatitis, owing to an increased output of ADMA. However, no precise data on the hepatic metabolism of dimethylarginines can be derived from this study, because only urinary concentrations were measured. Therefore, we designed an organ balance study in rats to assess arteriovenous concentration differences, together with blood flow measurement using radiolabeled microspheres. The combination of arteriovenous concentration differences and blood flow determination allows calculation of net organ fluxes and fractional extraction rates for the liver and the kidney. The main finding of that study was the high uptake of ADMA by the liver (Fig. 3) (29). The magnitude of hepatic uptake of ADMA was further clarified by estimating daily hepatic ADMA extraction. Accordingly, the liver extracted nmol ADMA/d, which is 700 times the amount of circulating plasma ADMA in rats. Notably, and in contrast to ADMA, the liver barely affected SDMA concentration (Fig. 3). Therefore, the probable explanation for the elimination solely of ADMA is intense catabolism by the enzyme DDAH. Hypothetically, reduced DDAH activity due to impaired liver function could lead to elevated % ADMA concentration. Interestingly, a very recent study by Tsikas et al. (30) reported increased concentrations of ADMA and the oxidative stress marker 15(S)-8-iso-PGF 2 in the plasma and urine of patients with end-stage liver disease. The role of the liver in the metabolism of ADMA was further substantiated in humans in a population of critically ill patients. Hepatic failure was independently correlated with ADMA concentration, as were lactic acid and bilirubin concentrations, both useful indicators of impaired liver function in critically ill patients (31). Moreover, ADMA level was the strongest predictor of outcome in these patients. Thus, this study showed that the role of ADMA is not only confined to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders and renal failure, but may also be of relevance in the development of MOF during critical illness. ADMA and MOF We reported elevated ADMA levels in critically ill patients. Interestingly, plasma ADMA concentration ranked as the first and strongest predictor for outcome, with a 17-fold increased risk for death in the intensive care unit among patients who were in the highest quartile for ADMA (Table 2) (31). In this population of critically ill patients, the main determinant of plasma ADMA concentration proved to be the presence of hepatic failure. This finding suggests that proper liver function may be a prerequisite for the maintenance of normal ADMA levels. Multiple organ failure is the simultaneous dysfunction of several organs. MOF is the most intriguing problem in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. MOF is associated with a very high mortality rate in patients on intensive care units, ranging from 30 to 80% (32). Sepsis and severe trauma seem to be the main predisposing factors for the development of MOF. However, a unifying mechanism of pathogenesis for MOF is still lacking. As organ systems responsible for the development of MOF, the gastrointestinal tract and the liver have received considerable attention. Recent data demonstrate that the development of hepatic dysfunction reflects the severity of injury and is associated with a worse outcome after traumatic injury (33). NO produced by the constitutively expressed endothelial NOS (enos) is an important regulator of blood pressure; it FIGURE 3 Net liver flux of ADMA and SDMA. BW, body weight.
4 THE ROLE OF ADMA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE 2851S Risk factor TABLE 2 Risk factors for ICU death1,2 ICU death OR 95% CI P ADMA (highest quartile) SDMA (highest quartile) Hepatic failure Renal failure Neurological failure Respiratory failure Coagulation failure Cardiovascular failure Total SOFA score Age Gender Calculated by stepwise logistic regression analysis. 2 Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment. plays a crucial role in the preservation of organ perfusion and in the interaction of the vascular endothelium with blood platelets and leukocytes. Because of these properties, the role of the arginine NO pathway in sepsis and organ dysfunction and injury has been subject to extensive research. Overproduction of NO as part of the inflammatory or immune response to infection is implicated in the hypotension and hyporesponsiveness of septic shock, which raises the suggestion that NOS inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in septic shock. However, a phase III trial in septic patients of N G -monomethylarginine (NMMA), a pharmacological inhibitor of NOS, demonstrated increased mortality rates (34). In animal studies documenting adverse effects of NO inhibition, the inhibitors were nonselective, inhibiting both enos and inducible NOS. Thus, there is ample evidence that inhibition of the constitutively expressed isoform is unfavorable in sepsis and organ failure. The high ADMA levels in critically ill patients, in combination with the association between ADMA levels and outcome, prompted us to hypothesize a causative role for ADMA in the development of MOF by interfering with important physiological roles of NO production. In our hypothesis, ADMA accumulates in critically ill patients by the combination of increased proteolysis and decreased eliminatory pathways during renal and hepatic failure (Fig. 4) (35). Increased protein breakdown mediated by a diverse panel of cytokines is a characteristic response to injury, and allows the release of free methylated arginines from proteins. In addition, inflammation and oxidative stress may decrease DDAH activity; accordingly, ADMA elimination may be severely impaired. Plasma ADMA is strongly correlated with parameters of hepatic function and very high ADMA concentration in critically ill patients with hepatic failure (31). As discussed in the preceding section, ADMA accumulation in hepatic failure is most likely explained by the crucial role of the liver in the metabolism of ADMA. Accordingly, decreased hepatic DDAH activity causes elevated ADMA levels. Elevated ADMA concentrations may interfere with important physiological functions that are dependent on constitutive NO production. Recent work by Osanai et al. (36) demonstrated that the release of ADMA by vascular endothelial cells increases after shear stress 15 dyne/cm 2, which is comparable to mechanical forces on the arterial wall under physiological conditions, but is not affected by shear stress at 25 dyne/cm 2.In addition, DDAH activity is enhanced by shear stress at 25 dyne/cm 2, but is not affected by shear stress 15 dyne/cm 2. Because enos is also stimulated by shear stress, ADMA and NOS activity might antagonistically regulate production of NO in the systemic circulation. Furthermore, myocardial blood flow is regulated by local activity of the ADMA-degrading enzyme DDAH (37), and patients with vasospastic angina have higher coronary sinus ADMA concentrations than control patients (38). Interestingly, intravenous administration of ADMA in healthy humans reduces heart rate and cardiac output, but increases mean blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance at rest. During exercise, cardiac output only mildly increases in subjects given ADMA, compared with control subjects (39). These findings emphasize the potency of ADMA to influence physiological functions of the cardiovascular system. Hypothetical consequences of nonselective inhibition of NOS, ultimately leading to organ failure, include reduced perfusion of organs, reduced cardiac output, cardiac ischemia, capillary leakage, thrombocyte aggregation, reduced glomerular filtration rate, pulmonary hypertension, and increased adhesiveness of leukocytes. In our opinion, this hypothetical central role of ADMA as a causative factor in the pathophysiological alteration of organ failure syndromes demands further studies in the near future. Summary As recently reported, endogenously produced ADMA may play a causative role in cardiovascular disease. The mechanism by which ADMA accumulation detrimentally affects cardiovascular health seems to be nonselective inhibition of NO FIGURE 4 The hypothesized role of ADMA in multiple organ failure: Severe inflammation and organ injury may cause increased proteolysis, a decreased DDAH activity in the liver and other sites (e.g., kidney and endothelium), and decreased urinary excretion of ADMA. These processes lead to ADMA accumulation. In turn, increased ADMA concentration induces inhibition of NOS enzymes, thereby interfering with important physiological roles of NO. Consequently, NOS inhibition results in injury to important organs by such processes as reduced organ blood flow, endothelial damage, and adhesion and migration of leukocytes in tissues, and also in an incremental inflammatory response. Once again, inflammation and organ injury cause further accumulation of ADMA. The gray arrows highlight the hypothesized role of liver dysfunction in the development of the MOF cascade.
5 2852S SUPPLEMENT production, thereby increasing vascular tone and accelerating the process of atherosclerosis. Renal failure has received considerable attention in the literature as a cause of ADMA accumulation in plasma. Indeed, net extraction of ADMA by the kidney occurs in both animal models and humans, although the exact mechanism of renal ADMA handling, including the factors influencing this process, needs further study. More recently, we focused on the liver as a potentially important organ in the metabolism of ADMA, and demonstrated a high net hepatic uptake of ADMA in an animal model study. In addition, increased ADMA levels in patients with hepatic failure support the concept of the liver as an important player in the regulation of systemic ADMA concentration. This role of the liver is further substantiated by the strong relation between indicators of hepatic function and ADMA concentration in critically ill patients. Moreover, hepatic failure proved to be the most prominent determinant of ADMA concentration. Interestingly, in this population of critically ill patients, ADMA concentration is a strong and independent risk factor for intensive care unit mortality, which urged us to hypothesize a causal role for ADMA in the development of organ failure. By nonspecific inhibition of NOS, ADMA may interfere with important physiological functions, eventually leading to the cascade of organ dysfunction and injury that may be fatal to the critically ill patient. LITERATURE CITED 1. Vallance, P., Leone, A., Calver, A., Collier, J. & Moncada, S. (1992) Endogenous dimethylarginine as an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 20 (suppl. 12): S60 S Böger, R. H., Böde-Boger, S. M., Szuba, A., Tsao, P. S., Chan, J. R., Tangphao, O., Blaschke, T. F. & Cooke, J. P. (1998) Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): a novel risk factor for endothelial dysfunction: its role in hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 98: Böger, R. H., Böde-Boger, S. M., Thiele, W., Junker, W., Alexander, K. & Frolich, J. C. (1997) Biochemical evidence for impaired nitric oxide synthesis in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Circulation 95: Miyazaki, H., Matsuoka, H., Cooke, J. P., Usui, M., Ueda, S., Okuda, S. & Imaizumi, T. (1999) Endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: a novel marker of atherosclerosis. Circulation 99: Valkonen, V. P., Paiva, H., Salonen, J. T., Lakka, T. A., Lehtimaki, T., Laakso, J. & Laaksonen, R. (2001) Risk of acute coronary events and serum concentration of asymmetrical dimethylarginine. Lancet 358: Böger, R. H. (2003) The emerging role of asymmetric dimethylarginine as a novel cardiovascular risk factor. Cardiovasc. Res. 59: Najbauer, J., Johnson, B. A., Young, A. L. & Aswad, D. W. (1993) Peptides with sequences similar to glycine, arginine-rich motifs in proteins interacting with RNA are efficiently recognized by methyltransferase(s) modifying arginine in numerous proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 268: Closs, E. I., Basha, F. Z., Habermeier, A. & Forstermann, U. (1997) Interference of L-arginine analogues with L-arginine transport mediated by the y carrier hcat-2b. Nitric Oxide 1: Vallance, P., Leone, A., Calver, A., Collier, J. & Moncada, S. (1992) Accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in chronic renal failure. Lancet 339: Kimoto, M., Miyatake, S., Sasagawa, T., Yamashita, H., Okita, M., Oka, T., Ogawa, T. & Tsuji, H. (1998) Purification, cdna cloning and expression of human N G,N G -dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Eur. J. Biochem. 258: Ogawa, T., Kimoto, M. & Sasaoka, K. (1989) Purification and properties of a new enzyme, N G,N G -dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase, from rat kidney. J. Biol. Chem. 264: Ogawa, T., Kimoto, M. & Sasaoka, K. (1990) Dimethylarginine:pyruvate aminotransferase in rats. Purification, properties, and identity with alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase 2. J. Biol. Chem. 265: Tojo, A., Welch, W. J., Bremer, V., Kimoto, M., Kimura, K., Omata, M., Ogawa, T., Vallance, P. & Wilcox, C. S. (1997) Colocalization of demethylating enzymes and NOS and functional effects of methylarginines in rat kidney. Kidney Int. 52: Kimoto, M., Tsuji, H., Ogawa, T. & Sasaoka, K. (1993) Detection of N G,N G -dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase in the nitric oxide-generating systems of rats using monoclonal antibody. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 300: Kimoto, M., Whitley, G. S., Tsuji, H. & Ogawa, T. (1995) Detection of N G,N G -dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase in human tissues using a monoclonal antibody. J. Biochem. 117: Dayoub, H., Achan, V., Adimoolam, S., Jacobi, J., Stuehlinger, M. C., Wang, B. Y., Tsao, P. S., Kimoto, M., Vallance, P. et al. (2003) Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase regulates nitric oxide synthesis. Genetic and physiological evidence. Circulation 108: Kielstein, J. T., Böger, R. H., Bode-Böger, S. M., Schaffer, J., Barbey, M., Koch, K. M. & Frolich, J. C. (1999) Asymmetric dimethylarginine plasma concentrations differ in patients with end-stage renal disease: relationship to treatment method and atherosclerotic disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 10: Zoccali, C., Bode-Böger, S., Mallamaci, F., Benedetto, F., Tripepi, G., Malatino, L., Cataliotti, A., Bellanuova, I., Fermo, I., Frolich, J. & Böger, R. (2001) Plasma concentration of asymmetrical dimethylarginine and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease: a prospective study. Lancet 358: Zoccali, C., Mallamaci, F., Maas, R., Benedetto, F. A., Tripepi, G., Malatino, L. S., Cataliotti, A., Bellanuova, I. & Boger, R. (2002) Left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac remodeling and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 62: Fleck, C., Janz, A., Schweitzer, F., Karge, E., Schwertfeger, M. & Stein, G. (2001) Serum concentrations of asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginine in renal failure patients. Kidney Int. Suppl. 78: S14 S Yudkoff, M., Nissim, I., Pereira, G. & Segal, S. (1984) Urinary excretion of dimethylarginines in premature infants. Biochem. Med. 32: Al Banchaabouchi, M., Marescau, B., Possemiers, I., D Hooge, R., Levillain, O. & De Deyn, P. P. (2000) N G,N G -dimethylarginine and N G,N G -dimethylarginine in renal insufficiency. Pflugers Arch. 439: Nijveldt, R. J., van Leeuwen, P. A., van Guldener, C., Stehouwer, C. D., Rauwerda, J. A. & Teerlink, T. (2002) Net renal extraction of asymmetrical (ADMA) and symmetrical (SDMA) dimethylarginine in fasting humans. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 17: MacAllister, R. J., Parry, H., Kimoto, M., Ogawa, T., Russell, R. J., Hodson, H., Whitley, G. S. & Vallance, P. (1996) Regulation of nitric oxide synthesis by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Br. J. Pharmacol. 119: Murray-Rust, J., Leiper, J., McAlister, M., Phelan, J., Tilley, S., Santa, M. J., Vallance, P. & McDonald, N. (2001) Structural insights into the hydrolysis of cellular nitric oxide synthase inhibitors by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Nat. Struct. Biol. 8: Ito, A., Tsao, P. S., Adimoolam, S., Kimoto, M., Ogawa, T. & Cooke, J. P. (1999) Novel mechanism for endothelial dysfunction: dysregulation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circulation 99: Nijveldt, R. J., Teerlink, T., van Guldener, C., Prins, H. A., van Lambalgen, A. A., Stehouwer, C. D., Rauwerda, J. A. & van Leeuwen, P. A. (2003) Handling of asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) by the rat kidney under basal conditions and during endotoxemia. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 18: Carnegie, P. R., Fellows, F. C. & Symington, G. R. (1977) Urinary excretion of methylarginine in human disease. Metabolism 26: Nijveldt, R. J., Teerlink, T., Siroen, M. P., van Lambalgen, A. A., Rauwerda, J. A. & van Leeuwen, P. A. (2003) The liver is an important organ in the metabolism of asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA). Clin. Nutr. 22: Tsikas, D., Rode, I., Becker, T., Nashan, B., Klempnauer, J. & Frolich, J. C. (2003) Elevated plasma and urine levels of ADMA and 15(S)-8-iso-PGF2 in end-stage liver disease. Hepatology 38: Nijveldt, R. J., Teerlink, T., van der Hoven, B., Siroen, M. P., Kuik, D. J., Rauwerda, J. A. & van Leeuwen, P. A. (2003) Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) in critically ill patients: high plasma ADMA concentration is an independent risk factor of ICU mortality. Clin. Nutr. 22: Baue, A. E., Durham, R. & Faist, E. (1998) Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), multiple organ failure (MOF): are we winning the battle? Shock 10: Harbrecht, B. G., Doyle, H. R., Clancy, K. D., Townsend, R. N., Billiar, T. R. & Peitzman, A. B. (2001) The impact of liver dysfunction on outcome in patients with multiple injuries. Am. Surg. 67: Lopez, A., Lorente, J. A., Steingrub, J., Bakker, J., McLuckie, A., Willatts, S., Brockway, M., Anzueto, A., Holzapfel, L. et al. (2004) Multiple-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 546C88: effect on survival in patients with septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 32: Nijveldt, R. J., Teerlink, T. & van Leeuwen, P. A. (2003) The asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA)-multiple organ failure hypothesis. Clin. Nutr. 22: Osanai, T., Saitoh, M., Sasaki, S., Tomita, H., Matsunaga, T. & Okumura, K. (2003) Effect of shear stress on asymmetric dimethylarginine release from vascular endothelial cells. Hypertension 42: Laussmann, T., Janosi, R. A., Fingas, C. D., Schlieper, G. R., Schlack, W., Schrader, J. & Decking, U. K. (2002) Myocardial proteome analysis reveals reduced NOS inhibition and enhanced glycolytic capacity in areas of low local blood flow. FASEB J. 16: Hori, T., Matsubara, T., Ishibashi, T., Ozaki, K., Tsuchida, K., Mezaki, T., Tanaka, T., Nasuno, A., Kubota, K. et al. (2003) Significance of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentrations during coronary circulation in patients with vasospastic angina. Circ. J. 67: Achan, V., Broadhead, M., Malaki, M., Whitley, G., Leiper, J., MacAllister, R. & Vallance, P. (2003) Asymmetric dimethylarginine causes hypertension and cardiac dysfunction in humans and is actively metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 23:
In 1992, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) was. The Human Liver Clears Both Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine
The Human Liver Clears Both Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine Michiel P.C. Siroen, 1 Joost R. M. van der Sijp, 1 Tom Teerlink, 2 Cors van Schaik, 3 Robert J. Nijveldt, 1 and Paul A. M. van Leeuwen
More informationTargeting intracellular arginine / asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA).
Targeting intracellular arginine / asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). From bench to practice: Novel anti-atherogenic strategies to improve endothelial function Rainer H. Böger, M.D. Institute of Clinical
More informationRaised concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine
The Transplanted Liver Graft is Capable of Clearing Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Michiel P.C. Siroen, 1 Michiel C. Warlé, 2 Tom Teerlink, 3 Robert J. Nijveldt, 1 Ernst J. Kuipers, 4 Herold J. Metselaar,
More informationArginine/Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Ratio in Colorectal Surgery
Elmer ress Original Article J Clin Med Res. 2017;9(7):555-559 Arginine/Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Ratio in Colorectal Surgery Neli Ragina a, f, Gabrielle Davis b, Michael Doorly c, Kyle Cologne d, Anthony
More informationLow arginine/adma ratio deteriorates systemic hemodynamics and organ blood flow in a rat model
Chapter 4 Low arginine/adma ratio deteriorates systemic hemodynamics and organ blood flow in a rat model M.C. Richir, A.A. van Lambalgen, T. Teerlink, W. Wisselink, E. Bloemena, H.A. Prins, Th.P.G.M. de
More informationMolecular Mechanism for Elevation of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Its Role for Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease
Molecular Mechanism for Elevation of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Its Role for Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease Kyoko Matsuguma,* Seiji Ueda,* Sho-ichi Yamagishi, Yuriko Matsumoto,* Utako Kaneyuki,*
More informationTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt-placement increases arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio in cirrhotic patients
Online Submissions: wjg.wjgnet.com World J Gastroenterol 2008 December 21; 14(47): 7214-7219 wjg@wjgnet.com World Journal of Gastroenterology ISSN 1007-9327 doi:10.3748/wjg.14.7214 2008 The WJG Press.
More informationArginine Metabolism: Enzymology, Nutrition, and Clinical Significance
Arginine Metabolism: Enzymology, Nutrition, and Clinical Significance Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, an Endogenous Inhibitor of Nitric Oxide Synthase, Explains the L-Arginine Paradox and Acts as a Novel
More informationAsymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous
Kidney International, Vol. 68 (2005), pp. 2230 2236 Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentration is independently associated with carotid intima-media thickness and plasma soluble vascular cell
More informationThe traditional risk factors of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension,
Special Review Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine The Über Marker? John P. Cooke, MD, PhD The traditional risk factors of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and tobacco exposure identify
More informationDetermination of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) using a novel ELISA assay
Clin Chem Lab Med 2004;42(12):1377 1383 2004 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York. DOI 10.1515/CCLM.2004.257 Determination of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) using a novel ELISA assay Friedrich Schulze
More informationThe endogenous methylarginines N G, N G -dimethyl-larginine
Brief Review Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors in the Biology of Disease Markers, Mediators, and Regulators? Ben Caplin, James Leiper Abstract The asymmetric methylarginines inhibit nitric oxide
More informationAnalysis of methylarginine metabolism in the cardiovascular system identifies the lung as a major source of ADMA
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 292: L18 L24, 2007. First published August 4, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00076.2006. Analysis of methylarginine metabolism in the cardiovascular system identifies the
More informationHuman ADMA ELISA Kit
Human ADMA ELISA Kit 2 3 Contents Intended Use 3 Introduction 3 Principle of the Test 4 Material Supplied 5 Material Required but not Supplied 6 Preparation and Storage of Reagents 6 Precautions 8 Specimen
More informationADMA ELISA Kit. For the determination of ADMA in human serum, citrate and EDTA plasma K 7828
Li StarFish S.r.l. Via Cavour, 35 20063 Cernusco S/N (MI) telefono 02-92150794 fax 02-92157285 info@listarfish.it www.listarfish.it Manual Kit For the determination of ADMA in human serum, citrate and
More informationFluid Resuscitation in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Fluid Resuscitation in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Robert W. Schrier, MD University of Colorado School of Medicine Denver, Colorado USA Prevalence of acute renal failure in Intensive
More informationIdiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a
Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Jan T. Kielstein, Stefanie M. Bode-Böger, Gerrit Hesse, Jens Martens-Lobenhoffer, Attila Takacs, Danilo Fliser, Marius M. Hoeper
More informationNitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the regulation
Regulation of Cytokine-Induced Nitric Oxide Synthesis by Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Role of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Seiji Ueda, Seiya Kato, Hidehiro Matsuoka, Masumi Kimoto, Seiya Okuda,
More informationReduced nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation as an
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, Blood Pressure, and Renal Perfusion in Elderly Subjects Jan T. Kielstein, MD; Stefanie M. Bode-Böger, MD, MPH; Jürgen C. Frölich, MD; Eberhard Ritz, MD; Hermann Haller, MD;
More informationIdiopathic pulmonary arterial pulmonary hypertension
Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Jan T. Kielstein, Stefanie M. Bode-Böger, Gerrit Hesse, Jens Martens-Lobenhoffer, Attila Takacs, Danilo Fliser, Marius M. Hoeper
More informationEvidence for Dysregulation of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase I in Chronic Hypoxia Induced Pulmonary Hypertension
Evidence for Dysregulation of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase I in Chronic Hypoxia Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Lesley J. Millatt, PhD; Guy StJ. Whitley, PhD; Dechun Li, MD, PhD; James M. Leiper,
More informationDimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 2 Gene Polymorphism and Its Association with Asymmetrical Dimethyl Arginine in Hemodialyzed Patients *
Open Journal of Nephrology, 2013, 3, 75-81 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojneph.2013.31013 Published Online March 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojneph) Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 2 Gene Polymorphism
More informationEffect of Rosuvastatin on Plasma Levels of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia
Effect of Rosuvastatin on Plasma Levels of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia Tse-Min Lu, MD, Yu-An Ding, MD, PhD, Hsin-Bang Leu, MD, Wei-Hsian Yin, MD, Wayne Huey-Herng
More informationCardiovascular complications are the major cause of
Impaired Nitric Oxide Synthase Pathway in Diabetes Mellitus Role of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Ken Y. Lin; Akira Ito, MD, PhD; Tomoko Asagami, MD, PhD; Philip
More informationAsymmetric Dimethylarginine and Mortality in Stages 3 to 4 Chronic Kidney Disease
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Mortality in Stages 3 to 4 Chronic Kidney Disease Jill Melendez Young,* Norma Terrin, Xuelei Wang, Tom Greene, Gerald J. Beck, John W. Kusek, Allan J. Collins, Mark J. Sarnak,*
More informationArginine as an Example of a Conditionally Essential Nutrient: Sickle Cell Disease & Trauma Claudia R. Morris MD, FAAP
Arginine as an Example of a Conditionally Essential Nutrient: Sickle Cell Disease & Trauma Claudia R. Morris MD, FAAP Examining Special Nutritional Requirements in Disease States, A Workshop April 1, 2018
More informationAsymmetric Dimethylarginine and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Mild to Moderate Kidney Disease Study
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Mild to Moderate Kidney Disease Study Danilo Fliser,* Florian Kronenberg, Jan T. Kielstein,* Christian Morath, Stefanie M. Bode-Böger,
More information( 1) Framingham Heart
( 1) ( 1) Framingham Heart Study [1] 1. (Am J Kidney Dis. 45: 223-232, 2005) 96 19 1 17 Framingham Heart Study ( 1) American Heart Association (1) (2) (3) (4) [2] (GFR) [3] ARIC [4] Cardiovascular Health
More informationIN ITS MOST RECENT ADULT TREATment
CLINICAL INVESTIGATION Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and an Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Markus C. Stühlinger, MD Fahim Abbasi, MD James W. Chu, MD Cindy Lamendola, MSN, ANP Tracey
More informationThe Study of Endothelial Function in CKD and ESRD
The Study of Endothelial Function in CKD and ESRD Endothelial Diversity in the Human Body Aird WC. Circ Res 2007 Endothelial Diversity in the Human Body The endothelium should be viewed for what it is:
More informationMetabolism. Clinical Chemistry 53: (2007) Endocrinology and
Clinical Chemistry 53:2 273 283 (2007) Endocrinology and Metabolism Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine Independently Predicts Total and Cardiovascular Mortality in Individuals with Angiographic Coronary Artery
More informationNITRIC OXIDE (NO) is synthesized from the amino acid
0021-972X/04/$15.00/0 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 89(12):6277 6281 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 2004 by The Endocrine Society doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-0672 Weight Loss Reduces Circulating
More informationFor more information about how to cite these materials visit
Author(s): Louis D Alecy, D.M.D., Ph.D., 2009 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike 3.0 License:
More informationSerum asymmetric dimethylarginine and nitric oxide levels in Turkish patients with acute ischemic stroke
Original papers Serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and nitric oxide levels in Turkish patients with acute ischemic stroke Mujgan Ercan 1,A,D, Semra Mungan 2,B,E,F, Işıl Güzel 2,D F, Huseyin Tugrul Celik
More informationClassification of Endothelial Dysfunction. Stefano Taddei Department of Internal Medicine University of Pisa, Italy
Classification of Endothelial Dysfunction Stefano Taddei Department of Internal Medicine University of Pisa, Italy Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis from endothelial dysfunction to clinical disease endothelial
More informationIn recent years, increased plasma levels of asymmetrical
Epidemiology Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation and Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study Markus Juonala, MD, PhD; Jorma S.A. Viikari, MD, PhD; Georg Alfthan,
More informationPCTH 400. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Blood vessel LAST LECTURE. Endothelium. High blood pressure
PCTH 400 LAST LECTURE Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Classic Vascular pharmacology -chronic -systemic Local Vascular pharmacology -acute -targeted High blood pressure Blood pressure
More informationDifferential effects of arginine methylation on diastolic dysfunction and disease progression in patients with chronic systolic heart failure
European Heart Journal (2008) 29, 2506 2513 doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn360 CLINICAL RESEARCH Heart failure/cardiomyopathy Differential effects of arginine methylation on diastolic dysfunction and disease
More information10/17/16. Assessing cardiovascular risk through use of inflammation testing
Assessing cardiovascular risk through use of inflammation testing Anthony L. Lyssy, DO Medical Director and Managing Partner Diamond Physicians Dallas, TX Response to Injury Hypothesis Injury Response
More informationSalt Sensitivity in Blacks
ONLINE SUPPLEMENT Salt Sensitivity in Blacks Evidence That the Initial Pressor Effect of NaCl Involves Inhibition of Vasodilatation by Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine Olga Schmidlin 1, Alex Forman 1, Anna
More informationAnalogs of L-arginine, such as (N
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Expression of N G,N G -Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase and Protein Arginine N-Methyltransferase Isoforms in Diabetic Rat Kidney Effects of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Maristela
More informationNitric oxide deficiency in chronic kidney disease
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 294: F1 F9, 2008. First published October 10, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00424.2007. Nitric oxide deficiency in chronic kidney disease Chris Baylis Department of Physiology and
More informationrenoprotection therapy goals 208, 209
Subject Index Aldosterone, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 induction 163, 164, 168 Aminopeptidases angiotensin II processing 64 66, 214 diabetic expression 214, 215 Angiotensin I intrarenal compartmentalization
More informationDimethylarginine levels and nutritional status in hemodialysis patients
ORIGINAL ARTICLE www.sin-italy.org/jnonline www.jnephrol.com Dimethylarginine levels and nutritional status in hemodialysis patients Adamasco Cupisti 1, Alessandro Saba 2, Claudia D Alessandro 1, Mario
More informationGhashut, R. A., Blackwell, S., Ryan, S., Willox, L., McMillan, D.
Ghashut, R. A., Blackwell, S., Ryan, S., Willox, L., McMillan, D. C., Kinsella, J. and Talwar, D. (2017) Assessment of asymmetrical dimethylarginine metabolism in patients with critical illness. European
More informationAsymmetric Dimethylarginine, Endothelial Dysfunction and Renal Disease
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 11288-11311; doi:10.3390/ijms130911288 Review OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, Endothelial
More informationNon-protein nitrogenous substances (NPN)
Non-protein nitrogenous substances (NPN) A simple, inexpensive screening test a routine urinalysis is often the first test conducted if kidney problems are suspected. A small, randomly collected urine
More informationFOCUS ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
The Consequences of Vitamin D Deficiency: FOCUS ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. With all the medical advances of the century, vitamin D deficiency is still epidemic.
More informationClinical Science (2011) 121, (Printed in Great Britain) doi: /cs
Clinical Science (2011) 121, 71 78 (Printed in Great Britain) doi:10.1042/cs20100595 71 Systemic inflammation is linked to low arginine and high ADMA plasma levels resulting in an unfavourable NOS substrate-to-inhibitor
More informationIntravenous Vitamin C. Severe Sepsis Acute Lung Injury
Intravenous Vitamin C Severe Sepsis Acute Lung Injury Alpha A. (Berry) Fowler, III, MD Professor of Medicine VCU Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine I Have No Disclosures Bacterial Sepsis Approximately
More informationRegulation of the ADMA-DDAH system in endothelial cells: a novel mechanism for the sterol response element binding proteins, SREBP1c and -2
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 298: H251 H258, 2010. First published November 13, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00195.2009. Regulation of the ADMA-DDAH system in endothelial cells: a novel mechanism for
More informationCover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/28524 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Djaberi, Roxana Title: Cardiovascular risk assessment in diabetes Issue Date: 2014-09-04
More informationSepsis Pathophysiology
Sepsis Pathophysiology How Kids Differ From Adults Steve Standage Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Seattle Children's Hospital University of Washington School of Medicine Disclosures & Preamble No agenda,
More informationCho et al., 2009 Journal of Cardiology (2009), 54:
Endothelial Dysfunction, Increased Carotid Artery Intima-media Thickness and Pulse Wave Velocity, and Increased Level of Inflammatory Markers are Associated with Variant Angina Cho et al., 2009 Journal
More informationAsymmetrical dimethylarginine is associated with renal and cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in renal transplant recipients
http://www.kidney-international.org & 00 International Society of Nephrology Asymmetrical dimethylarginine is associated with renal and cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in renal transplant
More informationInstruction for use ADMA ELISA
Instruction for use ADMA ELISA Enzyme Immunoassay for the Quantitative Determination of Endogenous Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in Serum or Plasma I V D REF EA201/96 12 x 8 2 8 C DLD Gesellschaft
More informationAssociations between Endogenous Dimethylarginines and Renal Function in Healthy Children and Adolescents
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 15464-15474; doi:10.3390/ijms131115464 Article OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Associations between Endogenous
More informationAcute Kidney Injury for the General Surgeon
Acute Kidney Injury for the General Surgeon UCSF Postgraduate Course in General Surgery Maui, HI March 20, 2011 Epidemiology & Definition Pathophysiology Clinical Studies Management Summary Hobart W. Harris,
More informationΟ ρόλος των τριγλυκεριδίων στην παθογένεια των μικροαγγειοπαθητικών επιπλοκών του σακχαρώδη διαβήτη
Ο ρόλος των τριγλυκεριδίων στην παθογένεια των μικροαγγειοπαθητικών επιπλοκών του σακχαρώδη διαβήτη Κωνσταντίνος Τζιόμαλος Επίκουρος Καθηγητής Παθολογίας Α Προπαιδευτική Παθολογική Κλινική, Νοσοκομείο
More informationEchocardiography analysis in renal transplant recipients
Original Research Article Echocardiography analysis in renal transplant recipients S.A.K. Noor Mohamed 1*, Edwin Fernando 2, 1 Assistant Professor, 2 Professor Department of Nephrology, Govt. Stanley Medical
More informationUniversity of Groningen. Acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery Loef, Berthus Gerard
University of Groningen Acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery Loef, Berthus Gerard IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it.
More informationScreening for chronic kidney disease racial implications. Not everybody that pees has healthy kidneys!
Screening for chronic kidney disease racial implications Not everybody that pees has healthy kidneys! Screening for chronic kidney disease racial implications 1) Definition of CKD 2) Why should we screen
More informationElevations of plasma methylarginines in obesity and ageing are related to insulin sensitivity and rates of protein turnover
Diabetologia (2006) 49: 351 359 DOI 10.1007/s00125-005-0066-6 ARTICLE E. B. Marliss. S. Chevalier. R. Gougeon. J. A. Morais. M. Lamarche. O. A. J. Adegoke. G. Wu Elevations of plasma methylarginines in
More informationTHE KIDNEY IN HYPOTENSIVE STATES. Benita S. Padilla, M.D.
THE KIDNEY IN HYPOTENSIVE STATES Benita S. Padilla, M.D. Objectives To discuss what happens when the kidney encounters low perfusion To discuss new developments and clinical application points in two scenarios
More informationADMA (Asymmetric Dimethylarginine) ELISA Assay Kit
Package Insert ADMA (Asymmetric Dimethylarginine) ELISA Assay Kit 96 Wells For Research Use Only (RUO). Not for use in clinical, diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. v. 1.0 Eagle Biosciences, Inc. 20A
More informationPlasma concentration of coupling factor 6 and cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease
Kidney International, Vol. 64 (23), pp. 2291 2297 Plasma concentration of coupling factor 6 and cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease TOMOHIRO OSANAI,MASAYUKI NAKAMURA, SATOKO
More informationEndothelium as a part of septic Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)-is endocan an answer?
Endothelium as a part of septic Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)-is endocan an answer? Małgorzata Lipinska-Gediga Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Medical University Wroclaw,
More informationWhat the ED clinician needs to know about SEPSIS - 3. Anna Morgan Consultant EM Barts Health
What the ED clinician needs to know about SEPSIS - 3 Anna Morgan Consultant EM Barts Health Aims: (1) To review the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) (2)
More informationCarotid artery intimal-media thickness (IMT) is a widely
; Association of the Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor ADMA With Carotid Artery Intimal Media Thickness in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort Renke Maas, MD; Vanessa Xanthakis, MS; Joseph
More informationMSMS measurement of new biomarkers of liver and kidney functions and brain damage
MSMS measurement of new biomarkers of liver and kidney functions and brain damage Asian Pacific Conference of Chromatography & Mass Spectrometry 2010 14 th -16 th January 2010 R Neil Dalton & Charles Turner
More informationAn amino acid for a healthy heart
AOR CODE: AOR04054 Premium Arginine An amino acid for a healthy heart A natural nitric oxide precursor Protects the heart from high blood sugar levels Helps in cellular energy production Gluten Free Vegan
More informationDoppler ultrasound, see Ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), kidney oxygenation assessment 75
Subject Index Acidemia, cardiorenal syndrome type 3 146 Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) acute kidney injury biomarkers, see Acute kidney injury; specific biomarkers cardiorenal syndrome, see specific
More informationImpact of High Salt Independent of Blood Pressure on PRMT/ADMA/DDAH Pathway in the Aorta of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 8062-8072; doi:10.3390/ijms14048062 Article OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Impact of High Salt Independent
More informationNutritional Demands of Disease and Trauma
al Demands of Disease and Trauma Lecture 89 Medical School al Requirements Based on needs to support optimal physiological function Are changed by disease or injury metabolism is altered to prevent further
More informationSympathetic nervous system and NO in CKD. Francesca Mallamaci
Sympathetic nervous system and NO in CKD Francesca Mallamaci Go AS, New Engl J Med. 351: 1296; 24 1.12.295 individuals, follow up 2.8 yea risk factors peculiar to CKD Old age Relative Risk (fully independent)
More informationCell-Derived Inflammatory Mediators
Cell-Derived Inflammatory Mediators Introduction about chemical mediators in inflammation Mediators may be Cellular mediators cell-produced or cell-secreted derived from circulating inactive precursors,
More informationLXIV: DRUGS: 4. RAS BLOCKADE
LXIV: DRUGS: 4. RAS BLOCKADE ACE Inhibitors Components of RAS Actions of Angiotensin i II Indications for ACEIs Contraindications RAS blockade in hypertension RAS blockade in CAD RAS blockade in HF Limitations
More informationADMA / Arginine ELISA Assay Kit
Package Insert ADMA / Arginine ELISA Assay Kit 2 x 96 Wells For Research Use Only (RUO). Not for use in clinical, diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. v. 1.0 Eagle Biosciences, Inc. 20A Northwest Blvd.,
More informationCardiovascular Protection and the RAS
Cardiovascular Protection and the RAS Katalin Kauser, MD, PhD, DSc Senior Associate Director, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceutical Inc. Micardis Product Pipeline Scientific Support Ridgefield, CT, USA Cardiovascular
More informationAngiotensin converting enzyme inhibition increases ADMA concentration in patients on maintenance hemodialysis a randomized cross-over study
Gamboa et al. BMC Nephrology (2015) 16:167 DOI 10.1186/s12882-015-0162-x RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition increases ADMA concentration in patients on maintenance hemodialysis
More informationIDEXX Catalyst SDMA Test for in-house measurement of SDMA concentration in serum from dogs and cats
IDEXX Catalyst SDMA Test for in-house measurement of SDMA in serum from dogs and cats By Graham Bilbrough, Barbara Evert, Karen Hathaway, Gina Panagakos, Jane Robertson, and Maha Yerramilli Introduction
More informationNE refractoriness: From Definition To Treatment... Prof. Alain Combes
NE refractoriness: From Definition To Treatment... Prof. Alain Combes Service de Réanimation ican, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris Université Pierre
More informationSUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL Clinical perspective It was recently discovered that small RNAs, called micrornas, circulate freely and stably in human plasma. This finding has sparked interest in the potential
More informationNutritional Demands of Disease and Trauma
Nutritional Demands of Disease and Trauma Lecture 89 2000 Northwestern University Medical School Nutritional Requirements Based on needs to support optimal physiological function Are changed by disease
More informationPathophysiology of Catheter-Related Infection. All sources of infection are potential targets for prevention. Infusates/ drugs. hub/lines Dressing
Pathophysiology of Catheter-Related Infection All sources of infection are potential targets for prevention catheter hematogeneous Infusates/ drugs hub/lines Dressing skin Critically ill patient: 2-4 vascular
More informationChapter 2: Identification and Care of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 2: Identification and Care of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Introduction The examination of care in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant challenge, as most large datasets
More informationMetformin Associated Lactic Acidosis. Jun-Ki Park 9/6/11
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis Jun-Ki Park 9/6/11 Probably the most common mechanism by which metformin elevates blood lactate is by inducing catecholamine release in those who regulate or prescribe
More informationThe insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) is associated with
Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Overexpression Enhances Insulin Sensitivity Karsten Sydow, Carl E. Mondon, Joerg Schrader, Hakuoh Konishi, John P. Cooke Objective Previous studies suggest that
More informationEffects of Kidney Disease on Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality
Effects of Kidney Disease on Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Joachim H. Ix, MD, MAS Assistant Professor in Residence Division of Nephrology University of California San Diego, and Veterans Affairs
More informationLeft ventricular hypertrophy: why does it happen?
Nephrol Dial Transplant (2003) 18 [Suppl 8]: viii2 viii6 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfg1083 Left ventricular hypertrophy: why does it happen? Gerard M. London Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Manhes Hospital,
More informationENTERAL NUTRITION IN THE CRITICALLY ILL
ENTERAL NUTRITION IN THE CRITICALLY ILL 1 Ebb phase Flow phase acute response (catabolic) adoptive response (anabolic) 2 3 Metabolic Response to Stress (catabolic phase) Glucose and Protein Metabolism
More informationDEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY JOSÉ ANTÓNIO LOPES, MD, PhD Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Centro Hospitalar
More informationSepsis Denials. Presented by James Donaher, RHIA, CDIP, CCS, CCS-P
Sepsis Denials Presented by James Donaher, RHIA, CDIP, CCS, CCS-P Sepsis-1 2 From the first Sepsis Definition Conference in 1991 Defined sepsis as systemic response syndrome (SIRS) due to infection SIRS
More informationESPEN Congress Madrid 2018
ESPEN Congress Madrid 2018 Dysglycaemia In Acute Patients With Nutritional Therapy Mechanisms And Consequences Of Dysglycaemia In Patients Receiving Nutritional Therapy M. León- Sanz (ES) Mechanisms and
More informationBIOL 2402 Renal Function
BIOL 2402 Renal Function Dr. Chris Doumen Collin County Community College 1 Renal Clearance and GFR Refers to the volume of blood plasma from which a component is completely removed in one minute by all
More informationAttilio Losito, Renal Unit, Policlinico Monteluce, Perugia, Italy
A NEW PLAYER IN CAROTID ARTERY DISEASE IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS: THE GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF THE ENDOTOXIN RECEPTOR CD 14 Attilio Losito, Renal Unit, Policlinico Monteluce, 06123 Perugia, Italy Introduction
More informationExhaled Nitric Oxide: An Adjunctive Tool in the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma
Exhaled Nitric Oxide: An Adjunctive Tool in the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma Jason Debley, MD, MPH Assistant Professor, Pediatrics Division of Pulmonary Medicine University of Washington School of
More informationHormone therapy and asymmetrical dimethylarginine in postmenopausal women
HORMONES 2010, 9(2):127-135 Review Hormone therapy and asymmetrical dimethylarginine in postmenopausal women Artemis Karkanaki 1, Dimitrios Vavilis 2, Alexandros Traianos 2, Ioannis Kalogiannidis 1, Dimitrios
More informationObjectives. Pre-dialysis CKD: The Problem. Pre-dialysis CKD: The Problem. Objectives
The Role of the Primary Physician and the Nephrologist in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease () By Brian Young, M.D. Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
More informationCardiovascular Disease in CKD. Parham Eftekhari, D.O., M.Sc. Assistant Clinical Professor Medicine NSUCOM / Broward General Medical Center
Cardiovascular Disease in CKD Parham Eftekhari, D.O., M.Sc. Assistant Clinical Professor Medicine NSUCOM / Broward General Medical Center Objectives Describe prevalence for cardiovascular disease in CKD
More information