Evidence for Dysregulation of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase I in Chronic Hypoxia Induced Pulmonary Hypertension
|
|
- Maximilian Bridges
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Evidence for Dysregulation of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase I in Chronic Hypoxia Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Lesley J. Millatt, PhD; Guy StJ. Whitley, PhD; Dechun Li, MD, PhD; James M. Leiper, PhD; Helmy M. Siragy, MD; Robert M. Carey, MD; Roger A. Johns, MD Background Chronic hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension is associated with increased pulmonary expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. Nevertheless, some reports have indicated decreased pulmonary production of NO in the disease. To address this paradox, we determined pulmonary concentrations of the endogenous NOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in the hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rat model. In addition, we determined whether dysregulation of the ADMA-metabolizing enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase I (DDAH I) plays a role in this disease. Methods and Results Adult male rats were exposed for 1 week to either normoxia or hypoxia (10% oxygen). Lung tissues were used for Western blot analysis of endothelial NOS and DDAH I expression, measurement of lung NO and ADMA content, and in vitro assay of DDAH enzyme activity. Western blot analysis revealed a 1.9-fold increase in endothelial NOS protein and a 37% decrease in DDAH I protein in the lungs of hypoxia-exposed rats. Both pulmonary DDAH enzyme activity and NO content were significantly decreased in the hypoxic group (by 37% and 22%, respectively), but pulmonary ADMA concentrations were increased by 2.3-fold compared with the normoxic group. Conclusions These data demonstrate that the rat chronic hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension model is associated with increased pulmonary concentrations of the NOS inhibitor ADMA. Moreover, pulmonary hypertensive rats exhibit reduced pulmonary expression and activity of the ADMA-metabolizing enzyme DDAH I. The decreased DDAH I and increased ADMA concentrations may therefore contribute to pulmonary hypertension via the competitive inhibition of pulmonary NOS enzymes. (Circulation. 2003;108: ) Key Words: hypertension, pulmonary hypoxia asymmetric dimethylarginine nitric oxide nitric oxide synthase Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by increased pulmonary blood pressure, vascular remodeling of the small pulmonary arteries, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Endothelial dysfunction is believed to be an early event in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension. However, the role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) in the disease is controversial. 1 Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of inhaled NO as a short-term treatment for pulmonary hypertension in both infants and adults, 2 suggesting that NO-dependent vasodilatation is reduced in pulmonary hypertensive lungs. Nevertheless, numerous reports from our laboratory and others demonstrate that pulmonary expression of NO synthase (NOS) enzymes is paradoxically increased in chronic hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension. 3,4 Moreover, although some reports have demonstrated increased NO activity and enhanced production of its mediator cgmp, 5,6 others have reported decreased pulmonary NO production in this disease. 7,8 Thus, it appears that elevated NOS expression is not always correlated with elevated NO activity in pulmonary hypertension, suggesting the existence of complex regulatory mechanisms. See p 1420 The activity of the NOS enzymes can be competitively inhibited by methylated arginines such as N G -monomethyl-larginine (L-NMMA) and N G,N G -dimethyl-l-arginine (ADMA). Both of these inhibitors are naturally occurring, but the concentration of ADMA in the human circulation is approximately 10 times greater than that of L-NMMA. 9 Moreover, elevated plasma ADMA concentrations are associated with multiple pathological conditions, including renal failure, 9 hypertension, 10 and hypercholesterolemia. 11,12 In ad- Received October 8, 2002; de novo received April 1, 2003; accepted May 6, From the Departments of Anesthesiology (L.J.M.) and Internal Medicine (H.M.S., R.M.C.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; the Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, St George s Hospital Medical School, London, UK (G.S.W.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (D.L., R.A.J.); and the Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College, London, UK (J.M.L.). Correspondence to Roger A. Johns, MD, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe St, Blalock 1415, Baltimore, MD rajohns@jhmi.edu 2003 American Heart Association, Inc. Circulation is available at DOI: /01.CIR FF 1493
2 1494 Circulation September 23, 2003 dition, a recent study demonstrated that plasma ADMA concentrations are increased in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension, 13 suggesting that NOS inhibition by ADMA may contribute to the disease. Elevated concentrations of ADMA may arise as a result of either increased methylation of arginine residues in proteins or decreased metabolism of ADMA. ADMA and L-NMMA are actively metabolized to L-citrulline and methylamines by the action of the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). 14 Pharmacological inhibition of DDAH leads to increased ADMA concentrations and a reduction in NO-mediated vasodilatation, 15 indicating that DDAH activity controls endogenous ADMA concentrations and thus NOS activity. Two distinct human DDAH isoforms (DDAH I and II) have been identified. 16 Interestingly, DDAH I was found to predominate in tissues that express the neuronal NOS isoform, whereas DDAH II is the predominant isoform in tissues expressing endothelial NOS (enos), suggesting the possibility of isoform-specific regulation of NOS activity. 16 In the present study, we used the chronic hypoxia induced rat pulmonary hypertension model to confirm that pulmonary ADMA concentrations are increased in this disease. We also addressed the hypothesis that altered DDAH activity is responsible for the increased ADMA concentrations and investigated the DDAH isoform responsible for this altered activity. Methods Chronic Hypoxia Model and Measurement of Pulmonary Arterial Pressure Animal studies were performed in accordance with guidelines established by the Animal Research Committee of the University of Virginia. A total of 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (Hilltop, Scotsdale, Pa) with an initial body weight of 300 g were exposed to normoxia or chronic hypoxia, as described. 4,6 In brief, groups of 4 to 6 rats were placed in either a normobaric Plexiglas chamber maintained at 10% oxygen (hypoxic group) or a similar chamber open to room air (normoxic group) for a period of 1 week. Both groups of animals were kept in the same room and were maintained at 20 C to 24 C with a 12-hour:12-hour light:dark cycle. After 1 week of hypoxia or normoxia exposure, rats were anesthetized by isoflurane inhalation, and a tracheal cannula was inserted. The animals were artificially respirated with a Harvard rodent ventilator model 683 (Harvard Apparatus) set at a rate of 60 breaths per minute. The chest of the rat was opened, and an 18-gauge catheter filled with heparinized saline was inserted through the wall of the right ventricle and advanced into the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary arterial pressures were recorded with a Datascope 2001A, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) was calculated as diastolic pressure plus 1/3(systolic diastolic). Determination of Cardiac and Pulmonary Hypertrophy After the measurement of pulmonary arterial pressure, a heparinized capillary tube was used to collect a cardiac blood sample for hematocrit measurement using standard methods. The lungs were then flushed with 10 ml of heparinized normal saline, and the heart and lungs were removed en bloc. The heart was dissected free, and the ventricles were weighed separately to determine the ratio of the wet weight of the right ventricle to that of the left ventricle plus septum. Lung tissues were also weighed to determine the degree of pulmonary hypertrophy. Samples of lung tissue were then snapfrozen and stored at 70 C. Western Blot Analysis Crude lung extracts were prepared for Western blot analysis by the homogenization of rat lung tissue samples as previously described, 6 and protein concentration was determined (BioRad). Lung homogenates (100 g for enos, 20 g for DDAH I, or 50 g for DDAH II) were separated by SDS-PAGE (7.5% for enos, 12% for DDAH I and DDAH II) and then transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (BioRad). Blots were blocked with TBS buffer (50 mmol/l Tris- HCl, ph 7.4, 0.15 mol/l NaCl, 0.1% Tween-20) plus 2% (wt/vol) BSA or 5% (wt/vol) nonfat milk for 1 hour at room temperature and then incubated for 1 hour at room temperature with enos monoclonal antibody (1:500 dilution in TBS plus BSA, Transduction Laboratories), DDAH I monoclonal antibody 17 (1:8000 dilution in TBS plus nonfat milk, a kind gift from Prof T. Ogawa, University of Tokushima), or DDAH II polyclonal antibody 18 (1:1000 dilution in TBS plus nonfat milk). Immunoreactive proteins were detected by incubation with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibody, followed by enhanced chemiluminescence (Amersham). The relative protein expression was quantified by densitometry using Image- Quant software (Molecular Dynamics). Protein expression was not normalized to a housekeeping gene ( -actin), because the expression of this protein was also found to change in response to hypoxia exposure. However, Ponceau red staining of nitrocellulose membranes after Western transfer indicated that protein loading was identical between experimental samples. Processing of Lung Tissue In other experiments, lung tissue was homogenized in 3 ml PBS, ph 7.4, with a Polytron (Brinkmann). Homogenates were centrifuged for 30 minutes at g, 4 C, and the protein concentration of the supernatant was determined. A 400- L aliquot was stored at 70 C until the determination of DDAH enzyme activity, and the remaining sample was centrifuged for 15 minutes at g, 4 C. After ultracentrifugation, supernatants were applied to Centricon YM-30 filter columns (molecular weight cutoff, 30 kda; Millipore Corporation) and centrifuged for 1 to 2 hours at 5000g, 4 C, to remove hemoglobin. The resultant filtrate was stored at 70 C until the determination of lung NO and ADMA content. Measurement of Lung NO Content Aliquots (40 L) of the lung tissue filtrate processed as above were assayed in duplicate for NO content by use of a kit based on the Griess reaction (Cayman Chemical). The kit enables the determination of the sum of lung tissue nitrate and nitrite content (NO x ), providing an index of total lung NO production. Values obtained for lung NO x content were corrected for the weight of each sample and expressed as nmol NO x /g lung tissue. Determination of DDAH Enzyme Activity Duplicate 200- L aliquots of crude lung tissue homogenate were incubated with [ 14 C]L-NMMA (0.04 Ci/mL) for 1 hour at 37 C. The reaction was stopped by the addition of 1 ml of Dowex 50X8-400 resin. After centrifugation at g for 5 minutes, [ 14 C]L-citrulline was determined by liquid scintillation counting of the supernatant. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Lung ADMA Content Quantification of ADMA in samples of lung tissue filtrate was performed as described previously. 19 In brief, dimethylarginines were partially purified by extraction with Bond Elut SCX columns. ADMA was separated with an ODS C 18 analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column on a Beckman System Gold apparatus. The ADMA concentration of the samples was determined by comparison with a synthetic standard, and extraction efficiency was determined by the addition of 1 g L-NMMA to each sample before extraction.
3 Millatt et al ADMA, DDAH, and Pulmonary Hypertension 1495 Weight Change, Pulmonary Arterial Pressure, Cardiac and Lung Hypertrophy, and Hematocrit in Normoxic and Hypoxic Rat Groups Group n Weight Change, % of initial body wt MPAP, mm Hg RV/LV S Relative Lung Weight, g/kg body wt Hematocrit, % Normoxia Hypoxia P All values are mean SEM. RV indicates right ventricular weight; LV S, left ventricular plus septal weight. Statistical Analysis Data are presented as mean SEM. Statistical significance between normoxia- and hypoxia-exposed animals was tested by the Student s unpaired t test. Linear regression curves and correlation coefficients were calculated according to the least-squares method. Statistical significance was accepted at a value of P Results Assessment of the Pulmonary Hypertension Model Exposure to 7 days of hypoxia caused pulmonary hypertension, as demonstrated by the significantly elevated MPAP recorded in chronic hypoxia exposed compared with normoxia-exposed animals (Table 1). In addition, hypoxiaexposed animals exhibited significantly reduced weight gain, right ventricular and pulmonary hypertrophy, and elevated hematocrit values compared with normoxia-exposed animals (Table). Pulmonary enos, DDAH I, and DDAH II Protein Expression Western blot analysis of lung homogenates using a monoclonal enos antibody showed that the expression of the 135- kda enos protein was significantly increased in the lungs of hypoxia-exposed animals compared with normoxia-exposed animals (Figure 1A). Densitometry revealed that the lungs of rats exposed to 7 days of hypoxia expressed 1.9-fold more enos protein than those of normoxia-exposed rats (n 10 to 14, P 0.001). Western blot analysis of lung homogenates using a monoclonal DDAH I antibody showed that the 34-kDa DDAH I protein was strongly expressed in the lungs of normoxia-exposed animals and that its expression was significantly decreased in the lungs of hypoxia-exposed animals (Figure 1B). Densitometry revealed that the lungs of rats exposed to 7 days of hypoxia expressed 37% less DDAH I protein than those of normoxia-exposed rats (n 10 to 14, P 0.001). Western blot analysis of lung homogenates using a polyclonal DDAH II antibody revealed that DDAH II protein was not detectable in the lungs of either control or chronic hypoxia exposed rats. In contrast, the antibody successfully detected a 34-kDa band in a positive control sample of purified recombinant DDAH II protein (data not shown). Pulmonary NO x Content To determine whether the increased enos protein expression observed in the lungs of hypoxia-exposed animals resulted in increased pulmonary NO production, NO x content was measured in lung tissue samples from hypoxia- and normoxiaexposed rats. In contrast to the increased enos protein expression, pulmonary NO x content was significantly decreased by 22.4% in hypoxia- versus normoxia-exposed rats (Figure 2A). Pulmonary DDAH Enzyme Activity To determine whether the decreased DDAH I protein expression observed in the lungs of hypoxia-exposed animals was correlated with a decrease in enzyme activity, in vitro DDAH enzyme activity was measured in crude lung homogenates from hypoxia- and normoxia-exposed rats. Pulmonary DDAH enzyme activity was found to be significantly lower in hypoxia- versus normoxia-exposed rats (Figure 2B). Moreover, there was a significant (P 0.001) negative correlation between MPAP and pulmonary DDAH enzyme activity in the normoxia- and hypoxia-exposed animals (Figure 3A). Pulmonary ADMA Content A decrease in the expression and activity of the enzyme DDAH may be expected to result in decreased metabolism of the NOS inhibitor ADMA, leading to an increase in ADMA concentrations. To determine whether this was the case in the lungs of hypoxia-exposed rats, pulmonary ADMA concentrations were measured by HPLC analysis of samples from normoxia- and hypoxia-exposed rats. As Figure 1. Western blot analysis of (A) enos and (B) DDAH I protein expression in crude lung homogenates from rats exposed to normoxia or hypoxia for 1 week. Amount of protein loaded in each lane was 100 g for enos and 20 g for DDAH I. Top, Western blot data from a representative experiment. Bottom, pooled results of densitometric analysis of enos and DDAH I protein expression in 10 normoxic and 14 hypoxic animals. Data are expressed as mean SEM. **P vs normoxic group.
4 1496 Circulation September 23, 2003 Figure 2. A, Effect of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension on lung NO x content. NO x content of lung extracts was determined with a colorimetric kit and then normalized for lung wet weight. B, Effect of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension on total lung DDAH enzyme activity. DDAH enzyme activity was determined by in vitro assay of crude lung homogenates and then normalized for lung wet weight. C, Effect of hypoxiainduced pulmonary hypertension on lung ADMA content. ADMA content of lung extracts was determined by HPLC analysis and then normalized for lung wet weight. All data are expressed as mean SEM of 6 to 12 animals per group. *P 0.05, **P vs normoxic group. predicted, pulmonary ADMA content was found to be increased significantly, by 2.3-fold, in hypoxia-exposed versus normoxia-exposed rats (Figure 2C). Moreover, there was a significant (P 0.05) negative correlation between pulmonary DDAH activity and pulmonary Figure 3. Correlation between pulmonary DDAH enzyme activity and (A) MPAP and (B) pulmonary ADMA concentrations in rats exposed to normoxia or hypoxia for 1 week. ADMA content in the normoxia- and hypoxia-exposed animals (Figure 3B). Discussion The biological paradox in pulmonary hypertension is increased pulmonary blood pressure and a reduction in NO synthesis despite increased expression of the NOS isoforms. It was recently reported that patients with severe pulmonary hypertension have an elevated circulating concentration of the endogenous NOS inhibitor ADMA. 13 In the present study, we demonstrate that the rat chronic hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension model is also associated with reduced NO synthesis and increased pulmonary concentrations of ADMA. We therefore provide an animal model in which to study the mechanisms underlying the increased ADMA concentrations observed in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. The salient findings of the present investigation using this model are as follows: (1) decreased pulmonary NO production despite increased pulmonary enos expression; (2) a significant negative correlation between pulmonary DDAH enzyme activity and plasma ADMA concentrations, indicating that reduced DDAH activity directly influences the concentration of this endogenous NOS inhibitor; (3) a significant negative correlation between pulmonary DDAH enzyme activity and mean pulmonary arterial pressure, strongly suggesting that reduced DDAH activity plays an important
5 Millatt et al ADMA, DDAH, and Pulmonary Hypertension 1497 role in the development of chronic hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension; and (4) a significant inhibition of DDAH I protein expression, indicating that the DDAH I isoform is largely responsible for the decrease in DDAH activity observed in this model. The decreased pulmonary NO production that arises as a result of increased ADMA concentrations in chronic hypoxia exposed rats may contribute to pulmonary hypertension via reduced NO-dependent vasodilatation. In keeping with this hypothesis, the administration of L-arginine, the endogenous NOS substrate, to chronic hypoxia exposed rats has been shown to result in an increase in plasma NO concentrations and a 50% decrease in right ventricular hypertrophy. 20 Moreover, L-arginine infusion was shown to improve oxygenation in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, 21 indicating a deficiency in NO-dependent vasodilatation. Similarly, enos gene transfer to the smooth muscle cells of the pulmonary vasculature in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension resulted in a significant decrease in both right ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular systolic pressure. 22 Together, these studies suggest that pulmonary hypertension results from a chronic decrease in NO availability, which may be a result of increased concentrations of the endogenous NOS inhibitor ADMA. The results of the present study therefore indicate that gene transfer of DDAH to the pulmonary vasculature, by reducing pulmonary ADMA concentrations, may represent a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment or prevention of pulmonary hypertension. Moreover, the fact that we found a significant negative correlation between pulmonary DDAH activity and pulmonary arterial pressure strongly indicates that a treatment that increases DDAH expression and/or activity would be likely to have a protective effect in reducing pulmonary pressure. The findings of the present study are in agreement with a recent report indicating a significant decrease in DDAH activity in the lungs of newborn piglets with pulmonary hypertension induced by hypobaric hypoxia exposure. 23 In contrast, pulmonary expression of the DDAH II and not the DDAH I isoform was significantly decreased in the piglet pulmonary hypertension model. Possible explanations for this difference in the involvement of the 2 DDAH isoforms between the 2 models include species, age, duration of hypoxia exposure, and hypobaric versus normobaric chambers. Indeed, similar differences in pulmonary gene expression between pulmonary hypertension models have been reported previously, even within the same species. 24 In the present study, DDAH I protein was found to be highly expressed in the rat lung, whereas DDAH II protein expression was undetectable by Western blot analysis. This result is in contrast with a previous report indicating that DDAH II was the major isoform expressed within human lung at the mrna level. 16 However, it is interesting to note that the correlation between pulmonary mrna and DDAH protein expression is poor. 23 In the latter study, porcine lung was shown to express both DDAH I and II mrna and protein. The difference between this study and the present data may reflect species or developmental differences, although differences in antibody affinity cannot be entirely excluded. Decreased concentrations of vascular DDAH activity were reported recently in a rat model of type II diabetes mellitus and were associated with increased plasma ADMA concentrations. 25 In this model, DDAH I protein expression was unchanged, and the authors speculated that the reduced DDAH enzyme activity observed both in diabetes and in response to high glucose was a result of a reduced expression of the DDAH II isoform, although this was not determined experimentally. In contrast, the present study clearly demonstrates that the decrease in DDAH enzyme activity observed in the lungs of chronic hypoxia exposed rats is at least in part a result of the corresponding decrease in the protein expression of the DDAH I isoform. These results therefore indicate that, unlike glucose, hypoxia exposure inhibits the expression of the DDAH I isoform. Further in vitro studies involving the exposure of pulmonary cells to hypoxic conditions will be necessary to directly address the mechanism by which hypoxia decreases DDAH I expression. In summary, the present study demonstrates for the first time that the rat chronic hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension model is associated with reduced pulmonary activity of the ADMA-metabolizing enzyme DDAH. Reduced DDAH activity was correlated with increased pulmonary concentrations of the endogenous NOS inhibitor ADMA, a reduction in NO synthesis, and increased pulmonary arterial pressure. In addition, the protein expression of the DDAH I isoform was significantly decreased in the lungs of rats with chronic hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension. Thus, DDAH I may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension because of the resultant increased concentrations of ADMA and thus inhibition of pulmonary NOS activity. DDAH I may therefore represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of pulmonary hypertension. Acknowledgments This work was supported by American Heart Association Fellowship F98266V (Dr Millatt), British Heart Foundation grant RG (Dr Whitley), and National Institutes of Health RO1 grants HL and HL (Dr Siragy), HL and HL (Dr Carey), and HL and GM (Dr Johns). Dr Siragy was the recipient of Research Career Development Award K04-HL from the National Institutes of Health. References 1. Hampl V, Herget J. Role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary hypertension. Physiol Rev. 2000;80: Steudel W, Hurford WE, Zapol WM. Inhaled nitric oxide: basic biology and clinical applications. Anesthesiology. 1999;91: Shaul PW, North AJ, Brannon TS, et al. Prolonged in vivo hypoxia enhances nitric oxide synthase type I and type III gene expression in adult rat lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1995;13: Xue C, Johns RA. Upregulation of nitric oxide synthase correlates temporally with onset of pulmonary vascular remodeling in the hypoxic rat. Hypertension. 1996;28: Isaacson TC, Hampl V, Weir EK, et al. Increased endothelium-derived NO in hypertensive pulmonary circulation of chronically hypoxic rats. J Appl Physiol. 1994;76: Li D, Zhou N, Johns RA. Soluble guanylate cyclase gene expression and localization in rat lung after exposure to hypoxia. Am J Physiol. 1999; 277:L841 L847.
6 1498 Circulation September 23, Adnot S, Raffestin B, Eddahibi S, et al. Loss of endothelium-dependent relaxant activity in the pulmonary circulation of rats exposed to chronic hypoxia. J Clin Invest. 1991;87: Shaul PW, Wells LB, Horning KM. Acute and prolonged hypoxia attenuate endothelial nitric oxide production in rat pulmonary arteries by different mechanisms. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1993;22: Vallance P, Leone A, Calver A, et al. Accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in chronic renal failure. Lancet. 1992; 339: Matsuoka H, Itoh S, Kimoto M, et al. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine, an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in experimental hypertension. Hypertension. 1997;29: Boger RH, Bode-Boger SM, Szuba A, et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): a novel risk factor for endothelial dysfunction: its role in hypercholesterolemia. Circulation. 1998;98: Boger RH, Bode-Boger SM, Sydow K, et al. Plasma concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is elevated in monkeys with hyperhomocyst(e)inemia or hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20: Gorenflo M, Zheng C, Werle E, et al. Plasma levels of asymmetrical dimethyl-l-arginine in patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2001;37: Ogawa T, Kimoto M, Sasaoka K. Purification and properties of a new enzyme, NG,NG-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase, from rat kidney. J Biol Chem. 1989;264: MacAllister RJ, Parry H, Kimoto M, et al. Regulation of nitric oxide synthesis by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Br J Pharmacol. 1996;119: Leiper JM, Santa Maria J, Chubb A, et al. Identification of two human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases with distinct tissue distributions and homology with microbial arginine deiminases. Biochem J. 1999;343(pt 1): Kimoto M, Tsuji H, Ogawa T, et al. Detection of NG,NGdimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase in the nitric oxide-generating systems of rats using monoclonal antibody. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1993; 300: Achan V, Tran CT, Arrigoni F, et al. all-trans-retinoic acid increases nitric oxide synthesis by endothelial cells: a role for the induction of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circ Res. 2002;90: Fickling SA, Williams D, Vallance P, et al. Plasma concentrations of endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Lancet. 1993;342: Fagan JM, Rex SE, Hayes-Licitra SA, et al. L-Arginine reduces right heart hypertrophy in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999;254: McCaffrey MJ, Bose CL, Reiter PD, et al. Effect of L-arginine infusion on infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Biol Neonate. 1995;67: Campbell AI, Kuliszewski MA, Stewart DJ. Cell-based gene transfer to the pulmonary vasculature: endothelial nitric oxide synthase overexpression inhibits monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1999;21: Arrigoni FI, Vallance P, Haworth SG, et al. Metabolism of asymmetric dimethylarginines is regulated in the lung developmentally and with pulmonary hypertension induced by hypobaric hypoxia. Circulation. 2003;107: Tyler RC, Muramatsu M, Abman SH, et al. Variable expression of endothelial NO synthase in three forms of rat pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol. 1999;276:L297 L Lin KY, Ito A, Asagami T, et al. Impaired nitric oxide synthase pathway in diabetes mellitus: role of asymmetric dimethylarginine and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circulation. 2002;106:
Targeting intracellular arginine / asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA).
Targeting intracellular arginine / asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). From bench to practice: Novel anti-atherogenic strategies to improve endothelial function Rainer H. Böger, M.D. Institute of Clinical
More informationNitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the regulation
Regulation of Cytokine-Induced Nitric Oxide Synthesis by Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Role of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Seiji Ueda, Seiya Kato, Hidehiro Matsuoka, Masumi Kimoto, Seiya Okuda,
More informationResearch article. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
Research article Calpain mediates pulmonary vascular remodeling in rodent models of pulmonary hypertension, and its inhibition attenuates pathologic features of disease Wanli Ma, 1 Weihong Han, 1 Peter
More informationPulmonary Vasodilator Treatments in the ICU Setting
Pulmonary Vasodilator Treatments in the ICU Setting Lara Shekerdemian Circulation 1979 Ann Thorac Surg 27 Anesth Analg 211 1 Factors in the ICU Management of Pulmonary Hypertension After Cardiopulmonary
More informationCardiovascular complications are the major cause of
Impaired Nitric Oxide Synthase Pathway in Diabetes Mellitus Role of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Ken Y. Lin; Akira Ito, MD, PhD; Tomoko Asagami, MD, PhD; Philip
More informationRAPID COMMUNICATION. Vascular Reactivity in Isolated Lungs of Rats with Spontaneous Systemic Hypertension
Physiol. Res. 40:367-371,1991 RAPID COMMUNICATION Vascular Reactivity in Isolated Lungs of Rats with Spontaneous Systemic Hypertension V. HAMPL, J. HERGET Department of Physiology, 2nd Medical School,
More informationSUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL. Supplementary Methods
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL Supplementary Methods Culture of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells The isolation and culturing of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes was
More informationPCTH 400. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Blood vessel LAST LECTURE. Endothelium. High blood pressure
PCTH 400 LAST LECTURE Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Classic Vascular pharmacology -chronic -systemic Local Vascular pharmacology -acute -targeted High blood pressure Blood pressure
More informationTSH Receptor Monoclonal Antibody (49) Catalog Number MA3-218 Product data sheet
Website: thermofisher.com Customer Service (US): 1 800 955 6288 ext. 1 Technical Support (US): 1 800 955 6288 ext. 441 TSH Receptor Monoclonal Antibody (49) Catalog Number MA3-218 Product data sheet Details
More informationThe traditional risk factors of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension,
Special Review Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine The Über Marker? John P. Cooke, MD, PhD The traditional risk factors of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and tobacco exposure identify
More informationTHE ROLE OF ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE EXPRESSION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN CHRONICALLY HYPOXIC INFANT SWINE
THE ROLE OF ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE EXPRESSION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN CHRONICALLY HYPOXIC INFANT SWINE John E. Scarborough, BA a C. William Daggett, MD a Andrew J. Lodge,
More informationDetermination of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) using a novel ELISA assay
Clin Chem Lab Med 2004;42(12):1377 1383 2004 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York. DOI 10.1515/CCLM.2004.257 Determination of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) using a novel ELISA assay Friedrich Schulze
More informationino in neonates with cardiac disorders
ino in neonates with cardiac disorders Duncan Macrae Paediatric Critical Care Terminology PAP Pulmonary artery pressure PVR Pulmonary vascular resistance PHT Pulmonary hypertension - PAP > 25, PVR >3,
More informationSCVMC RESPIRATORY CARE PROCEDURE
Page 1 of 7 New: 12/08 R: 4/11 R NC: 7/11, 7/12 B7180-63 Definitions: Inhaled nitric oxide (i) is a medical gas with selective pulmonary vasodilator properties. Vaso-reactivity is the evidence of acute
More informationInhaled sodium nitrite in pulmonary hypertension associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Inhaled sodium nitrite in pulmonary hypertension associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction 4th Annual Pulmonary Hypertension Drug Discovery and Development Symposium July -, 7 Berlin,
More informationARF ARF. NOx. NOS nmol NOx formed/30 min/kidney Wet Weight; ± ± 1.81 ARF. acute renal failure: ARF
Vol. 29, pp.673 ~ 679, 2001 13 12 20 ARF 50% ARF ARF ARF ARF NO ARF NO NOS NO NO2 /NO3 NOx Griess NO NOx 1 72 7 NOx NOS 1 7 NOx µmol/kidney Wet Weight; Sham 0.116 ± 0.005 0.168 ± 0.006 24 0.185 ± 0.004
More information2. Langendorff Heart
2. Langendorff Heart 2.1. Principle Langendorff heart is one type of isolated perfused heart which is widely used for biochemical, physiological, morphological and pharmacological researches. It provides
More informationNOS Activity Assay Kit
NOS Activity Assay Kit Catalog Number KA1345 50 assays Version: 04 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Principle of the Assay... 3 General Information... 4
More informationSupplemental Figure 1 ELISA scheme to measure plasma total, mature and furin-cleaved
1 Supplemental Figure Legends Supplemental Figure 1 ELISA scheme to measure plasma total, mature and furin-cleaved PCSK9 concentrations. 4 Plasma mature and furin-cleaved PCSK9s were measured by a sandwich
More informationSupplemental Figure I
Supplemental Figure I Kl ( mmol/l)-induced Force orta M (mn) 1 (mn) 1 Supplemental Figure I. Kl-induced contractions. and, Kl ( mmol/l)-induced contractions of the aorta () and those of mesenteric arteries
More informationTitle: Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng enhances blood pressure stability in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Title: Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng enhances blood pressure stability in spontaneously hypertensive rats Author: Harsha Nagar Sujeong Choi Jung Saet-byel Byeong Hwa Jeon Kim Cuk-Seong PII: S2213-4220(16)30047-6
More informationRole of endothelin and nitric oxide imbalance in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced arterial hypertension
Kidney International, Vol. 54 (1998), pp. 188 192 VASCULAR BIOLOGY - HEMODYNAMICS - HYPERTENSION Role of endothelin and nitric oxide imbalance in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced arterial hypertension
More informationDimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 2 Gene Polymorphism and Its Association with Asymmetrical Dimethyl Arginine in Hemodialyzed Patients *
Open Journal of Nephrology, 2013, 3, 75-81 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojneph.2013.31013 Published Online March 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojneph) Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 2 Gene Polymorphism
More informationRole of Nitric Oxide in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS Vol. 80, No. 4, October 2000 Printed in U.S.A. Role of Nitric Oxide in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension VÁCLAV HAMPL AND JAN HERGET Department of Physiology, Charles
More informationab Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
Version 4b Last updated 17 July 2017 ab211083 Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) activity in cell and
More informationAbundance of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in
Archives of Disease in Childhood 1995; 73: F17-F21 Developmental Vascular Biology and Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WCIN leh A A Hislop S G Haworth Department
More informationBiomarkers in Lung Diseases: from Pathogenesis to Prediction. to New Therapies CALL FOR PAPERS
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 309: L333 L347, 2015. First published May 29, 2015; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00038.2015. CALL FOR PAPERS to New Therapies Biomarkers in Lung Diseases: from Pathogenesis to
More informationIN ITS MOST RECENT ADULT TREATment
CLINICAL INVESTIGATION Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and an Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Markus C. Stühlinger, MD Fahim Abbasi, MD James W. Chu, MD Cindy Lamendola, MSN, ANP Tracey
More informationNox-Dependent Mechanisms of Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction in a Model of Pressure Overload
Nox-Dependent Mechanisms of Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction in a Model of Pressure Overload Giovanna Frazziano, PhD Vascular Medicine Institute Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh
More informationNitric Resource Manual
Nitric Resource Manual OBJECTIVES Describe the biologic basis for inhaled nitric oxide therapy Describe the indications for inhaled nitric oxide therapy Describe the potential hazards, side effects and
More informationSalt Sensitivity in Blacks
ONLINE SUPPLEMENT Salt Sensitivity in Blacks Evidence That the Initial Pressor Effect of NaCl Involves Inhibition of Vasodilatation by Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine Olga Schmidlin 1, Alex Forman 1, Anna
More informationThe rabbit femoral artery was prepared and each arterial ring was permeabilized
Online Supplement Nakmura et al. cgmp-dependent relaxation of smooth muscle Materials and Methods Measurement of tension The rabbit femoral artery was prepared and each arterial ring was permeabilized
More informationLDL (Human) ELISA Kit
LDL (Human) ELISA Kit Cat. No.:DEIA3864 Pkg.Size:96T Intended use This immunoassay kit allows for the specific measurement of human low density lipoprotein, LDL concentrations in cell culture supernates,
More informationMouse Cathepsin B ELISA Kit
GenWay Biotech, Inc. 6777 Nancy Ridge Drive San Diego, CA 92121 Phone: 858.458.0866 Fax: 858.458.0833 Email: techline@genwaybio.com http://www.genwaybio.com Mouse Cathepsin B ELISA Kit Catalog No. GWB-ZZD154
More informationADCIRCA (tadalafil) The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified pulmonary hypertension into five different groups: (2)
RATIONALE FOR INCLUSION IN PA PROGRAM Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare disorder of the pulmonary arteries in which the pulmonary arterial pressure rises above normal levels in the absence
More informationMouse TrkB ELISA Kit
Mouse TrkB ELISA Kit CATALOG NO: IRKTAH5472 LOT NO: SAMPLE INTENDED USE For quantitative detection of mouse TrkB in cell culture supernates, cell lysates and tissue homogenates. BACKGROUND TrkB receptor
More informationComparative Biosciences Model of Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats
Comparative Biosciences Model of Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats Comparative Biosciences, Inc. 786 Lucerne Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94085 Telephone: 408.738.9260 www.compbio.com Comparative
More informationImpact of High Salt Independent of Blood Pressure on PRMT/ADMA/DDAH Pathway in the Aorta of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 8062-8072; doi:10.3390/ijms14048062 Article OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Impact of High Salt Independent
More informationhuman Total Cathepsin B Catalog Number: DY2176
human Total Cathepsin B Catalog Number: DY2176 This DuoSet ELISA Development kit contains the basic components required for the development of sandwich ELISAs to measure natural and recombinant human Total
More informationHypoxia-Dependent Epigenetic Modifications in the Pulmonary Vasculature
Hypoxia-Dependent Epigenetic Modifications in the Pulmonary Vasculature I have no financial disclosures or conflicts of interest Sheila Krishnan, D.O. 10th International Conference Neonatal & Childhood
More informationSUPPLEMENTAL DATA. Lumen area ( m 2 )
Elastin Lumen area ( m 2 ) Media to lumen ratio (x1) H.E. Medium thickness ( m) Medium area ( m 2 ) SUPPLEMENTAL DATA A (Bmal1 flox/flox ) (SM-Bmal1 -/- ) B 1 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 1µm 5 8 4 6 3 2 4 1 2 Supplemental
More informationHuman ADMA ELISA Kit
Human ADMA ELISA Kit 2 3 Contents Intended Use 3 Introduction 3 Principle of the Test 4 Material Supplied 5 Material Required but not Supplied 6 Preparation and Storage of Reagents 6 Precautions 8 Specimen
More informationAnti-Lamin B1/LMNB1 Picoband Antibody
Anti-Lamin B1/LMNB1 Picoband Antibody Catalog Number:PB9611 About LMNB1 Lamin-B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LMNB1 gene. The nuclear lamina consists of a two-dimensional matrix of proteins
More informationHuman Cathepsin D ELISA Kit
GenWay Biotech, Inc. 6777 Nancy Ridge Drive San Diego, CA 92121 Phone: 858.458.0866 Fax: 858.458.0833 Email: techline@genwaybio.com http://www.genwaybio.com Human Cathepsin D ELISA Kit Catalog No. GWB-J4JVV9
More informationIdiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a
Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Jan T. Kielstein, Stefanie M. Bode-Böger, Gerrit Hesse, Jens Martens-Lobenhoffer, Attila Takacs, Danilo Fliser, Marius M. Hoeper
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Dauvillée et al. 10.1073/pnas.0907424106 Fig. S1. Iodine screening of the C. cohnii mutant bank. Each single colony was grown on rich-medium agar plates then vaporized with iodine.
More informationResveratrol Attenuates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats
Original ORIGINAL Article ARTICLE Korean Circulation J 26;36:683-687 ISSN 1738-552 c 26, The Korean Society of Circulation Resveratrol Attenuates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats Dong
More informationmarker. DAPI labels nuclei. Flies were 20 days old. Scale bar is 5 µm. Ctrl is
Supplementary Figure 1. (a) Nos is detected in glial cells in both control and GFAP R79H transgenic flies (arrows), but not in deletion mutant Nos Δ15 animals. Repo is a glial cell marker. DAPI labels
More informationProduct Datasheet. SERCA2 ATPase Antibody (IID8) NB Unit Size: 100uL. Store at -20C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Datasheet SERCA2 ATPase Antibody (IID8) NB300-529 Unit Size: 100uL Store at -20C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles. Publications: 5 Protocols, Publications, Related Products, Reviews, Research Tools and
More informationSestrin2 and BNIP3 (Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa-interacting. protein3) regulate autophagy and mitophagy in renal tubular cells in. acute kidney injury
Sestrin2 and BNIP3 (Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa-interacting protein3) regulate autophagy and mitophagy in renal tubular cells in acute kidney injury by Masayuki Ishihara 1, Madoka Urushido 2, Kazu Hamada
More informationEffects and mechanisms of Fenofibrate on the secretion of vascular endothelial contraction factors in hypertensive rats
Effects and mechanisms of Fenofibrate on the secretion of vascular endothelial contraction factors in hypertensive rats Y. Zhu 1, H.-S. Wang 1, X.-M. Li 1 and C. Qu 2 1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, General
More informationPhiladelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Annual Progress Report: 2011 Formula Grant
Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Annual Progress Report: 2011 Formula Grant Reporting Period January 1, 2012 June 30, 2012 Formula Grant Overview The Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine
More informationMouse C-peptide EIA. Cat. No. YII-YK013-EX FOR LABORATORY USE ONLY
Mouse C-peptide EIA Cat. No. YII-YK013-EX FOR LABORATORY USE ONLY TOYO 2CHOME, KOTO-KU, TOKYO, 135-0016, JAPAN http://www.cosmobio.co.jp e-mail : export@cosmobio.co.jp Phone : +81-3-5632-9617 FAX : +81-3-5632-9618
More informationWHILE it is generally agreed that elevation
The Derivation of Coronary Sinus Flow During Elevation of Right Ventricular Pressure By HERMAN M. GELLER, B.S., M.D., MARTIN BRANDFONBRENEU, M.D., AND CARL J. WIGGERS, M.D., The derivation of coronary
More informationMSMS measurement of new biomarkers of liver and kidney functions and brain damage
MSMS measurement of new biomarkers of liver and kidney functions and brain damage Asian Pacific Conference of Chromatography & Mass Spectrometry 2010 14 th -16 th January 2010 R Neil Dalton & Charles Turner
More informationAnalysis of methylarginine metabolism in the cardiovascular system identifies the lung as a major source of ADMA
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 292: L18 L24, 2007. First published August 4, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00076.2006. Analysis of methylarginine metabolism in the cardiovascular system identifies the
More informationAsymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous
Kidney International, Vol. 68 (2005), pp. 2230 2236 Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentration is independently associated with carotid intima-media thickness and plasma soluble vascular cell
More informationOxiSelect Malondialdehyde (MDA) Immunoblot Kit
Product Manual OxiSelect Malondialdehyde (MDA) Immunoblot Kit Catalog Number STA- 331 10 blots FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY Not for use in diagnostic procedures Introduction Lipid peroxidation is a well-defined
More informationCHAPTER 4 IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER 4 IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES Nitroblue Tetrazolium Chloride (NBT) Reduction test NBT reduction test was evaluated by employing the method described by Hudson and Hay,1989 based upon principle that
More informationIdiopathic pulmonary arterial pulmonary hypertension
Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Jan T. Kielstein, Stefanie M. Bode-Böger, Gerrit Hesse, Jens Martens-Lobenhoffer, Attila Takacs, Danilo Fliser, Marius M. Hoeper
More informationEffects of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 1 Overexpression on the Response of the Pulmonary Vasculature to Hypoxia
Effects of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 1 Overexpression on the Response of the Pulmonary Vasculature to Hypoxia Adel Bakr 1, Oleg Pak 2, Ashraf Taye 3, Farid Hamada 1, Ramadan Hemeida 1, Wiebke
More informationLow arginine/adma ratio deteriorates systemic hemodynamics and organ blood flow in a rat model
Chapter 4 Low arginine/adma ratio deteriorates systemic hemodynamics and organ blood flow in a rat model M.C. Richir, A.A. van Lambalgen, T. Teerlink, W. Wisselink, E. Bloemena, H.A. Prins, Th.P.G.M. de
More informationPulmonary Hypertension in 2012
Pulmonary Hypertension in 2012 Evan Brittain, MD December 7, 2012 Kingston, Jamaica VanderbiltHeart.com Disclosures None VanderbiltHeart.com Outline Definition and Classification of PH Hemodynamics of
More informationAsymmetric dimethylarginine reduced erythrocyte deformability in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Microvascular Research 73 (2007) 131 136 www.elsevier.com/locate/ymvre Asymmetric dimethylarginine reduced erythrocyte deformability in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats Zhi-Chun Yang a, Ke Xia b, Li
More informationOxisResearch A Division of OXIS Health Products, Inc.
OxisResearch A Division of OXIS Health Products, Inc. BIOXYTECH pl GPx Enzyme Immunoassay Assay for Human Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures. Catalog
More informationMouse Leptin ELISA Kit (mleptin-elisa)
Mouse Leptin ELISA Kit (mleptin-elisa) Cat. No. EK0438 96 Tests in 8 x 12 divisible strips Background Leptin (or obese, OB) is a circulating hormone that is expressed abundantly and specifically in the
More informationEXOTESTTM. ELISA assay for exosome capture, quantification and characterization from cell culture supernatants and biological fluids
DATA SHEET EXOTESTTM ELISA assay for exosome capture, quantification and characterization from cell culture supernatants and biological fluids INTRODUCTION Exosomes are small endosome-derived lipid nanoparticles
More informationInterplay between the Levels of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Nitric Oxide in Preeclampsia
International Journal of Current Research and Review DOI: 10.7324/IJCRR.2018.10804 IJCRR Section: Healthcare Sci. Journal Impact Factor 4.016 ICV: 71.54 Research Article Interplay between the Levels of
More informationADMA ELISA Kit. For the determination of ADMA in human serum, citrate and EDTA plasma K 7828
Li StarFish S.r.l. Via Cavour, 35 20063 Cernusco S/N (MI) telefono 02-92150794 fax 02-92157285 info@listarfish.it www.listarfish.it Manual Kit For the determination of ADMA in human serum, citrate and
More informationDELFIA Tb-N1 DTA Chelate & Terbium Standard
AD0029P-1 (en) 1 DELFIA Tb-N1 DTA Chelate & AD0012 Terbium Standard For Research Use Only INTRODUCTION DELFIA Tb-N1 DTA Chelate is optimized for the terbium labeling of proteins and peptides for use in
More informationSupporting Information File S2
Pulli et al. Measuring Myeloperoxidase Activity in Biological Samples Page 1 of 6 Supporting Information File S2 Step-by-Step Protocol Reagents: Sucrose (Sigma, S3089) CaCl 2 (Sigma, C5770) Heparin Sodium
More informationIslet viability assay and Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion assay RT-PCR and Western Blot
Islet viability assay and Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion assay Islet cell viability was determined by colorimetric (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay using CellTiter
More informationThe pulmonary circulation of homozygous or heterozygous enos-null mice is hyperresponsive to mild hypoxia
The pulmonary circulation of homozygous or heterozygous enos-null mice is hyperresponsive to mild hypoxia Karen A. Fagan, 1,2 Brian W. Fouty, 1,2 Robert C. Tyler, 1 Kenneth G. Morris, Jr., 1 Lisa K. Hepler,
More informationThe Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters
Sustained pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy after chronic hypoxia in mice with congenital deficiency of nitric oxide synthase 3. The Harvard community has made this article openly
More informationMolecular Mechanism for Elevation of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Its Role for Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease
Molecular Mechanism for Elevation of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Its Role for Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease Kyoko Matsuguma,* Seiji Ueda,* Sho-ichi Yamagishi, Yuriko Matsumoto,* Utako Kaneyuki,*
More informationAmerican Journal of Human Genetics. American Journal of Hypertension. American Journal of Neuroradiology
A) Acta Neurochir AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Am Coll Rheumatol Am J Cardiol Am J Hum Genet Am J Hypertens Am J Neuroradiol AJNR Am J Physiol Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Am J Physiol Heart Circ physiol
More informationHypertension. Pulmonary Hypertension in a GTP-Cyclohydrolase 1 Deficient Mouse
Hypertension Pulmonary Hypertension in a GTP-Cyclohydrolase 1 Deficient Mouse Manasi Nandi, PhD; Alyson Miller, PhD; Raymond Stidwill; Thomas S. Jacques, PhD, MRCP; Amanda A.J. Lam, PhD; Sheila Haworth,
More informationTable S1. Sequence of human and mouse primers used for RT-qPCR measurements.
Table S1. Sequence of human and mouse primers used for RT-qPCR measurements. Ca9, carbonic anhydrase IX; Ndrg1, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1; L28, ribosomal protein L28; Hif1a, hypoxia inducible factor
More informationProtocol for Gene Transfection & Western Blotting
The schedule and the manual of basic techniques for cell culture Advanced Protocol for Gene Transfection & Western Blotting Schedule Day 1 26/07/2008 Transfection Day 3 28/07/2008 Cell lysis Immunoprecipitation
More informationHuman Apolipoprotein A1 EIA Kit
A helping hand for your research Product Manual Human Apolipoprotein A1 EIA Kit Catalog Number: 83901 96 assays 1 Table of Content Product Description 3 Assay Principle 3 Kit Components 3 Storage 4 Reagent
More informationArginine Metabolism: Enzymology, Nutrition, and Clinical Significance
Arginine Metabolism: Enzymology, Nutrition, and Clinical Significance Elimination of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine by the Kidney and the Liver: A Link to the Development of Multiple Organ Failure? 1,2 Robert
More informationAssay Kit for Measurement of Proteoglycan. (Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan Quantification Kit)
Assay Kit for Measurement of Proteoglycan. (Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan Quantification Kit) Cat. No. 280560-N INTRODUCTION Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM)
More informationWHY ADMINISTER CARDIOTONIC AGENTS?
Cardiac Pharmacology: Ideas For Advancing Your Clinical Practice The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or Roberta L. Hines, M.D. Nicholas M. Greene
More informationMETHEMOGLOBIN BLOCKADE OF CORONARY ARTERIAL SOLUBLE GUANYLATE CYCLASE ACTIVATION BY NITROSO COMPOUNDS AND ITS REVERSAL WITH DITHIOTHREITOL
METHEMOGLOBIN BLOCKADE OF CORONARY ARTERIAL SOLUBLE GUANYLATE CYCLASE ACTIVATION BY NITROSO COMPOUNDS AND ITS REVERSAL WITH DITHIOTHREITOL Eliot H. OHLSTEIN, Barbara K. BARRY, Darlene Y. GRUETTER and Louis
More informationWestern Blot Analysis of Rat Pituitar Recognized by Human Antipituitary. y Antigens A. antibodies
Endocrine Journal 1995, 42(1), 115-119 NOTE Western Blot Analysis of Rat Pituitar Recognized by Human Antipituitary y Antigens A ntibodies SHIGEKI YABE, MASAMI MURAKAMI*, KAYOKO MARUYAMA, HIDEKO MIWA,
More informationHuman Urokinase / PLAU / UPA ELISA Pair Set
Human Urokinase / PLAU / UPA ELISA Pair Set Catalog Number : SEK10815 To achieve the best assay results, this manual must be read carefully before using this product and the assay is run as summarized
More informationCorrelation of inhaled nitric-oxide induced reduction of pulmonary artery pressure and vascular changes
Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 2 8 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.02.00249302 Printed in UK all rights reserved Copyright #ERS Journals Ltd 2002 European Respiratory Journal ISSN 0903-1936 Correlation of inhaled nitric-oxide
More informationPULMONARY CIRCULATION AT HIGH ALTITUDE. Jean COUDERT
PULMONARY CIRCULATION AT HIGH ALTITUDE Jean COUDERT Laboratoire de Physiologie Biologie du Sport Faculté de Médecine Université d Auvergne CLERMONT-FERRAND, FRANCE The most striking changes at High Altitude
More informationGLP-2 (Rat) ELISA. For the quantitative determination of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) in rat serum and plasma
GLP-2 (Rat) ELISA For the quantitative determination of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) in rat serum and plasma For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures. Catalog Number: 48-GP2RT-E01
More informationLANCE Eu-W1024 ITC Chelate & Europium Standard AD0013 Development grade
AD0017P-4 (en) 1 LANCE Eu-W1024 ITC Chelate & Europium Standard AD0013 Development grade INTRODUCTION Fluorescent isothiocyanato-activated (ITC-activated) Eu-W1024 chelate is optimized for labelling proteins
More informationAnalogs of L-arginine, such as (N
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Expression of N G,N G -Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase and Protein Arginine N-Methyltransferase Isoforms in Diabetic Rat Kidney Effects of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Maristela
More informationThe insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) is associated with
Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Overexpression Enhances Insulin Sensitivity Karsten Sydow, Carl E. Mondon, Joerg Schrader, Hakuoh Konishi, John P. Cooke Objective Previous studies suggest that
More informationPulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Biomarkers and Treatment
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Biomarkers and Treatment Demos Papamatheakis, MD Assistant Clinical Professor Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine UC San Diego Health Definition EHJ
More informationNothing to Disclose. Severe Pulmonary Hypertension
Severe Ronald Pearl, MD, PhD Professor and Chair Department of Anesthesiology Stanford University Rpearl@stanford.edu Nothing to Disclose 65 year old female Elective knee surgery NYHA Class 3 Aortic stenosis
More informationLuminescent platforms for monitoring changes in the solubility of amylin and huntingtin in living cells
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Molecular BioSystems. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Contents Supporting Information Luminescent platforms for monitoring changes in the
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION FOR Liver X Receptor α mediates hepatic triglyceride accumulation through upregulation of G0/G1 Switch Gene 2 (G0S2) expression I: SUPPLEMENTARY METHODS II: SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES
More informationMammalian Tissue Protein Extraction Reagent
Mammalian Tissue Protein Extraction Reagent Catalog number: AR0101 Boster s Mammalian Tissue Protein Extraction Reagent is a ready-to-use Western blot related reagent solution used for efficient extraction
More informationMouse Myeloperoxidase/MPO ELISA Kit
OriGene Technologies, Inc 9620 Medical Center Dr., Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850 Phone: 1.888.267.4436 Fax: 301-340-9254 Email: techsupport@origene.com Web: Mouse Myeloperoxidase/MPO ELISA Kit Catalog
More information