Mercury & Food Web. Todd O Hara on behalf of RAMP, WTL and METAL
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1 Mercury & Food Web Todd O Hara on behalf of RAMP, WTL and METAL
2 Major Programs/Labs Represented RAMP = Rural Alaska Monitoring Program (previous talk) WTL = Wildlife Toxicology Laboratory (PI, O Hara) METAL = Marine Ecotoxicology and Trophic Assessment Laboratory (PI, Rea)
3 Overlying Theme For Our Team HEALTHY ANIMALS Craig George HEALTHY FOODS HEALTHY PEOPLE & COMMUNITIES
4 Arctic example but occurs across all oceans and some rivers & lakes Fish-based pathway known to transport mercury, Vitamin D, etc. Fish-based Invertebrate pathway Invertebrate pathway less mercury but more cadmium, lots of nutrients. Bottom line is feeding ecology matters!!
5 One Health: follow the contaminants (nutrient paths) Starts with humans One Health Outcomes on Ecological Scale To humans. For example Vit. D!!! Transport via Air Water Biota Marine Mammals & People! Additional source of exposure for Alaskans Some species amplify concs. Important nutrients Sociocultural value Iconic Sentinel species (canary in the mine)
6 RAMP: Sample matrices 1) Mosquito monitoring 2)Blood soaked filter paper: A) Understanding mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), etc. B) Serology (detect serum antibodies from host to disease agents of interest, not discussed here) 3) Feces for zoonotic parasites (intestinal tracts of trapped animals too)
7 Filter paper and blood!?
8 Specific Use for Hg analyses For other analyses Easy, most direct
9 Mercury Blood soaked filter paper from bottlenose dolphins and harbor seals Slope nearly 1.0 and very tight fit Use of cellulose filter paper to quantify whole-blood mercury in two marine mammals: Validation study Hansen et al., Journal of Wildlife Diseases 50(2):
10 Analytes measured in conjunction with THg Stable isotope ratios of Carbon (ẟ 13 C) and Nitrogen (ẟ 15 N) Feeding ecology ẟ 13 C differences in foraging regions, migration ẟ 15 N trophic level. Selenium Binds Hg Involved in demethylation of methylmercury Protective antioxidant (essential element) Assess Se:Hg molar ratio
11 ẟ 13 C Validation of Whole Blood and FP Values for ẟ 13 C and ẟ 15 N Dolphin Dolphin Musk Ox Moose Musk Ox Moose ẟ 13 C O Hara et al Use of Blood Soaked Cellulose Filter Paper for Measuring C and N Stable Isotopes.
12 Specific Use for Selenium WB samples analyzed along w/ matched FP samples. Samples digested in 4:1 nitric acid hydrogen peroxide solution at high temperatures (175 C). Microwave Treat with HCl at high temperature (95 C) to aid the reduction of the Se to a single ionic state. Samples reduced in continuous flow injection mercury/hydride system (FIAS) and analyzed with an atomic absorbance spectrometer (AA). Or ICP-MS
13 Comparison of WB and FP [TSe] and TSe:THg molar ratio in harbor seal pups Filter paper [THg] and [TSe] (ng/g) THg and TSe conc THg TSe 400 R 2 = R 2 = Filter paper molar TSe:THg TSe:THg molar ratio R 2 = Whole blood [THg] and [TSe] (ng/g) Whole blood molar TSe:THg
14 Summary (chemistry) Ability to reliably measure [THg], [TSe], ẟ 13 C and ẟ 15 N using blood soaked filter papers, broadens the scope of this sampling tool to address questions of ecotoxicology, including potential protective/adverse effects (TSe) and pathways of exposure (ẟ 13 C and ẟ 15 N). Prediction criteria for R 2 values (from O Hara et al. 2008), Weak: R , Moderate: R , Strong: R 2 > 0.75
15 Acknowledgements We thank Jenny Kahabka and Marion Cambrelin, CSU College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science; Amanda Grimes, Megan Templeton, and Cristina Hansen, UAF Wildlife Toxicology Lab; Anna Bryan, Mark Nelson, and Kimberlee Beckmen, ADF&G; Carlos Rios, The Marine Mammal Center; Brian Balmer, Chicago Zoological Society Sarasota Dolphin Research Program; Heather Ziel, NOAA/MML; Steven McGeehan, University of Idaho; Anahma Shannon Kawerak Corporation, Nome, AK; Mary Mullan, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC), Anchorage, AK. Funding was provided by ANTHC, through an EPA Grant # Samples from animals in rehabilitation were collected under MMPA permit No: Dolphin samples were collected under NMFS Scientific Research Permit No and IACUC approvals renewed annually by Mote Marine Laboratory. ADF&G samples were collected under NMFS Permit No: and ADF&G IACUCs and Frances Gulland, Randall Wells and George Aguiar
16 Thank You!!!
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