Managing the Rowan Ranger

Transcription

1 ROWAN RANGER ROWAN RANGER Managing the Rowan Ranger February 2016 ROWAN RANGE An Aviagen Brand 2016 Management Notes Performance Objectives Nutrition Specifications 1

2 Introduction The Rowan Ranger, an Aviagen specialty product for the slower-growing broiler market, has recently been launched into Europe. The Rowan Ranger is the fi rst commercially available product from the Rowan Range ; a range of speciality colored birds developed to meet the needs of selected markets, including the slower-growing, free-range, and organic markets. The Rowan Ranger is a slower-growing colored broiler which offers excellent performance, superb meat yield and increased customer fl exibility in their product choice. As a slower-growing product there are some key management differences between the Rowan Ranger and the standard Aviagen product range and the purpose of this document is to provide information on how to appropriately manage the Rowan Ranger. The advice covers parent stock, hatchery and broiler management and is on a combination of data from trials and the expertise and practical knowledge of the Aviagen representatives. This document includes Performance Objectives for parent stock and broilers and Nutrition Specifi cations and should be used in conjunction with, and as a supplement to, the local Parent Stock and Broiler Handbooks supplied by Aviagen. Parent Stock Management The main market for the Rowan Ranger is, for now, Europe, where local economic drivers (relatively high stocking densities, high labor and land costs) favor parent stock management which achieves 5% egg production at 23 weeks of age. The information within this document therefore focuses on management strategies which are appropriate for early maturing fl ocks. For all other general aspects of Rowan Ranger parent stock management the local Parent Stock Handbook should be referred to. Rearing 0 to 20 weeks Management of the Rowan Ranger in rear should be similar to that for the standard Aviagen products (for example in Europe the Ross 308). Brooding Management As for all Aviagen products it is important to get the Rowan Ranger off to a good start through the use of good brooding management practices. The brooding set up must provide easy access to, water, heat and light (Figure 1). Figure 1. Good brooding set up showing adequate access to, water and light and where the temperature is correct. Chicks are evenly spread throughout the entire brooding pen, eating, drinking and vocalizing contentedly. There is no evidence of panting or huddling. Achieving the correct environmental temperature is key to getting the birds off to a good start and recommended environmental conditions (Figure 2) must be achieved 24 hours prior to chick placement. Rowan Ranger parent stock are slightly smaller chicks than Ross 308 and may require brooding temperatures 1-2 C higher than those recommended. Equally, inadequate fl oor temperatures at placement may result in the birds becoming easily chilled. Bird behavior should determine whether or not environmental conditions are correct

3 Figure 2. Recommended environmental conditions for chick arrival. Air temperature = 30 C Relative humidity (RH) = 60-70% Floor temperature = C Environmental temperature recommendations after placement are given in Table 1. Table 1. Dry bulb temperatures required to achieve equivalent temperatures at varying RH. Dry bulb temperatures at the ideal RH at an age are colored red. Dry Bulb Dry Temperature Bulb Temperature RH% at RH% C C ( F) Age (days) Day-old Other key management points during brooding include; Always monitor actual chick behavior to determine if house temperatures are correct (see Figure 1). If bird behavior indicates that temperatures are too hot (chicks spread out, panting and no vocalization) or cold (chicks huddling around brooder, distress-calling) then appropriate adjustments must be made. A brooding pen used for the fi rst 3-7 days of life will help to keep chicks near the heat source, and water. Fresh litter, free from dust, should be spread to a depth of 8-10 cm. Where fl oor temperatures are adequate (28-30 C), if fl oor ing is practiced and litter disposal is a problem then litter depth can be reduced to cm. This will help reduce problems of being lost in the litter which can be an issue with these birds as they need to be fed nearly ad libitum for a number of weeks in order to achieve required growth rates Monitor crop fi ll regularly during the fi rst 48 hours after placement. The crop should be full, soft and rounded in chicks that have found food and water (Figure 3). If the crop is full, but the original texture of the crumb is still apparent, the bird has not yet consumed enough water. Guidelines for target crop fi ll in the fi rst 48 hours are given in Table

4 Figure 3. Assessing crop fi ll. The chick on the left has found and water and has a full crop. The chick on the right has not found and water and has an empty crop. Table 2. Target crop fi ll assessment guidelines. Time of Crop Fill Check After Placement Target Crop Fill (%age of Chicks with Full Crop) 2 hours 75 8 hours >80 12 hours >85 24 hours >95 48 hours 100 Water Management Birds must have an easy and plentiful access to fresh, clean water from placement. Supplementary drinkers should be used during the fi rst 3 days after placement to encourage water intake (see Figure 1). During the fi rst 24 hours walking through the fl ock when checking crop fi ll and replenishing the on the paper will create activity in the fl ock, stimulating the chicks to and drink. This is particularly important where transport times have been longer. Feed Management Feed management for the Rowan Ranger is the same as that for other standard Aviagen products. The key points are: A sieved crumble or mini-pellets should initially be provided in er trays (1 for every birds) and on paper spread across at least 90% of the brooding area. Make available in mechanical ing systems from day one and do not remove paper from the brooding area until the birds have learned to from the mechanical ers. Where track ing or pans are used birds should be gradually introduced to the automated system from 8 days of age onwards. Full transfer to the automated ing system should occur over a 2-3 day period during which time the amount of in the automated system should be gradually increased. During the transitional period to the automated system manual ing should continue. Where spin ers (fl oor ing) are used, population size per spinner should be no more than birds, depending on the pen shape/spinner type. Pellets should be of good physical quality, and a pellet with 2.5mm diameter and 3-4mm length should be used. The transition to fl oor ing must be well managed. A typical well managed transition from hand ing to spin ing and from crumble to pellet ing is given in Table 3. With fl oor ing it is also important to pay particular attention to clean-up time. Birds should clear up all ; no should be left in litter. Any left in the litter may be found by the fl ock later on leading to problems with body weight control. Check for in litter regularly. If is found in the litter levels may need to be amended depending on body weight

5 Table 3. A typical transition from hand ing to spin ing. AGE/days (days) FEED FORM FEEDING Hand Spinner 1-13 CRUMBLE 100% - 14 CRUMBLE / PELLET 100% - 15 CRUMBLE / PELLET 100% - 16 PELLET 100% - 17 PELLET 75% 25% 18 PELLET 50% 50% 19 PELLET 25% 75% 20 PELLET - 100% 21 PELLET - 100% Monitor depth, distribution time and clean-up time routinely at several points around the house and adjust er height regularly with bird age and growth. If track ers are used all should be distributed to each population within 3 minutes. If distribution is a problem, distribution time can be reduced by placing a supplementary hopper halfway around the er loop. Pan ers provide good distribution if managed properly. Pan ers must be checked regularly to ensure that all pans are receiving and that the lines remain charged. Body-weight Profi les The Rowan male and Ranger female body-weight profi le recommendations are given below (Figures 4 and 5 and Appendix 1 at the end of the document). The Ranger female comes into production quickly, and management practices in both rear and lay must account for this. The body-weight profi les given in Figures 4 and 5 below will allow birds to achieve 5% at 23 weeks of age, but be aware the Ranger female may actually achieve 5% even earlier than this. Management for the Ranger female must be proactive and responsive if drops in production are to be avoided. Birds must be fed to achieve recommended body weights to ensure they achieve correct maturity at POL. Weekly weight gain of 20% or more between 17 and 22 weeks should be avoided as this will result in birds coming into lay early leading to a high number of small eggs. Grading is a key management strategy for the Ranger female. Because the Ranger female comes in to lay quickly a higher fl ock uniformity is necessary to ensure that early performance is optimizied and persistency of production maintained. Figure 4. Rowan male body-weight profi le Weight (g) Rowan Male 2016 Ross Male European Age (weeks) Figure 5. Ranger Female body-weight profi le Weight (g) Ranger Female 2016 Ross Female European Age (weeks)

6 Lighting Programs The Ranger female is early maturing by nature; it is also much more responsive to light stimulation than other standard Aviagen products. It is recommended that light stimulation should occur around 147 days or 21 weeks (Table 4). However, the actual age at which photo stimulation occurs will depend on the average fl ock body weight and fl ock uniformity. If the fl ock is under weight (~100g) or uneven (CV% > 10) at time of light stimulation, then the fi rst light increase should be delayed by a week. Because the Ranger female is so responsive to light and comes into lay so quickly it is especially important that birds are maintained at the recommended body weights for age. The Ranger female must not be allowed to get over weight between 17 and 22 weeks of age as this might stimulate onset of sexual maturity even in the absence of light stimulation (this is particularly important when birds are reared in open-sided houses). If birds are overweight at this time light stimulation should be delayed by one week. Table 4. Lighting programs for controlled environment rearing - controlled environment laying to achieve 5% at 23 weeks of age. DAY LENGTH for fl fl ocks with different CV% at 133 days (19 weeks) Age BROODING DAY LENGTH (hours) LIGHT INTENSITY (days) (weeks) CV 10% or less CV greater than 10% lux in brooding area lux in the house lux (3-6 foot candles) in the brooding area lux in the house REARING DAY LENGTH (hours) lux (days) (weeks) LAYING DAY LENGTH (hours) lux depletion 25-depletion Average intensity within a house or pen measured at bird-head height. Light intensity should be measured in at least 9 or 10 places and include the corners, under lamps and between lamps. Ideally, the standard error should not exceed 10% of the mean. The day length may be increased abruptly in a single increment from 8 to 13 hours without adversely affecting total egg production provided the body weights are on target and the fl fl ock is uniform (CV 10%). An abrupt increase in day length induces a higher peak rate of lay, though with slightly poorer persistency, to that expected for a programme involving involving a series a of series increments. of increments. However, However, total egg total production egg production for the for two the types two of types lighting of lighting programs programmes will be similar. will be similar. As with all standard Aviagen products, birds in closed houses should be reared on short days of 8 hours from 10 days of age. If birds are reared in open-sided houses then they should be allowed to experience whatever the natural day length is. Peak day length for the Rowan Ranger in lay should not exceed 13 hours of light per day. In case of excessive fl oor eggs it might be helpful to increase day length by 1 hour to 14 hours. Further increases in day length will advance the onset of adult photorefractoriness and result in inferior rates of lay at the end of the laying cycle. In open-sided houses day length will vary according to placement date and natural day length patterns. If the longest natural day length in lay is expected to exceed 13/14 hours, the combination of natural and artifi cial light should be increased to equal the expected longest natural day length. It is important that birds do not experience a reduction in day length during lay

7 Laying Period (21 weeks to depletion) Managing Stock Transfer Transfer of stock to the laying facilities must be managed with appropriate care. Extra (approximately 50% more) should be given on the day before and the day of transfer. Feeding space must not be reduced and lighting programs and biosecurity should be synchronized between rearing and laying houses. An assessment of crop fi ll on the day of transfer, 30 minutes after the fi rst and then again 24 hours later will provide an indication of whether or not birds have found and water after transfer (Figure 6). If crop fi ll is found to be inadequate (ideally all birds should have a full crop) the reason for this needs to be established (e.g. inadequate er space, distribution or availability of ) and corrected as soon as possible. Continue to check crop fi ll an hour after ing for the fi rst 3 days after transfer, to make sure all the birds are fi nding the and water. Figure 6. Photo of crop fi ll after transfer. Water should be freely available to the birds as soon as they arrive at the laying facilities. Running track or pan ers in the dark (i.e. turn the lights off to fi ll them for the fi rst time) will aid with distribution. Moving birds to the laying house should be scheduled so that all the birds have time to fi nd both and water in their new housing before the lights are turned off at night. Several days after transfer it is advisable to start running the egg collection belt so the birds become accustomed to the noise and movement of the belts. This will encourage nest use when laying begins, reducing the incidence of fl oor eggs. Feeding Into Production Monitoring body weight and providing appropriate increases into production is important with the Ranger female and the procedure for determining the pattern of increase from 5% production to peak is the same as that for the standard Aviagen products. The difference in quantity allocated prior to fi rst egg and the target level given at peak (see the Rowan Ranger Performance Objectives at the end of the document for more details) allows a allocation schedule to be established. An example ing program to peak for the Ranger female is given in Table 5. Up to 5% production birds should be fed according to body weight. Table 5. Example ing program to peak for the Ranger female. Percent Production Feed (g) for the Ranger Female

8 Actual amounts up to and at peak should be adjusted for each individual fl ock depending primarily on body weight, daily egg production, daily egg weight and uniformity. The following should also be taken into account; Feed clean up time Energy density of the Egg weight and change in egg weight Environmental temperature Responsive management of birds coming into production requires frequent observation and measurement (ideally daily) of the production parameters given above and this is particularly important for the Ranger female which comes into production rapidly. The increases given must be adjusted appropriately to support production and increases beyond recommended peak amounts may be required in high producing fl ocks. Small but frequent increases to the peak amount should be given to ensure that desired body-weight gains are achieved. Feed Reduction After Peak Feed reduction after peak is the area of management that will have the biggest impact on persistency of lay and hatch and needs to be handled with care. Timing and amount of reduction will depend on the following observations: Body weight and body-weight change from the start of production. Daily egg production and the hen day production trend. Changes in clean-up time. Daily egg weight and egg-weight trend. Egg mass trend. Health status of the fl ock and feathering condition. Ambient environmental temperature. Feed composition i.e. texture, including energy and protein levels. Quantity of (i.e. energy and protein intake) at peak. Flock history (i.e. rearing and pre-peak performance). Feed levels after peak should be gradually reduced to achieve 138g at depletion but the actual program of reduction should be carried out in response to observations and measurements of bird condition and egg production in the fi rst instance. To enable the farm manager to monitor and establish an appropriate reduction program, it is important that the following characteristics are measured, recorded and graphed onto a chart: Daily (or weekly) body weight and body-weight change relative to the target. Daily egg weight and egg-weight trend relative to the target. Daily changes in clean-up time. Feed allowances after peak should be adjusted to compensate for any unexpected changes in the above characteristics. When considering levels after peak, seasonal temperature variations must be taken into account. A fl ock peaking in winter will fi nish production in the late spring or summer. At peak, they will have needed more to support the demands of egg production in cooler temperatures, but as the fl ock ages environmental temperature will increase and so birds can tolerate a more severe withdrawal program. A summer peaking fl ock, peaks in warmer weather and depletes in colder weather, so a less severe withdrawal program is required in this situation. Separate Sex Feeding The Rowan male is smaller than the standard Ross male. For this reason the vertical height of the female er ing grills should be reduced to a maximum of 55 cm. Male Management Male management practices for the Rowan male are similar to those for the standard Aviagen male. Good male management is as important for the productivity of the Rowan male as it is for the standard Aviagen males. The key difference for the Rowan male is the body-weight profi le details of which are given in Figure 4 and at the end of the document (Appendix 1)

9 Nutrition The Ranger female and the Rowan male do not receive any welfare treatments (beak treatment or de-clawing) and therefore good feather cover should be encouraged. The parent stock recommendations take account of this. To support feathering dig Meth, dig Meth + Cyst could be increased by 5-10% in the Grower diet. Broilers The Rowan Ranger broiler is a speciality product for the slower-growing bird market; it has a maximum growth rate of 45g per day to 56 days of age. The Rowan Ranger broiler does not need specialized management and should be managed with the same care and detail to attention as standard Aviagen broiler products. However, Rowan Ranger broiler chicks might be slightly smaller as egg size of the Ranger female is lower than that of the standard Aviagen products. Early environmental temperatures might have to be adjusted to account for this (temperatures may need to be increased by approximately 1 C depending on chick size). Feed specifi cations for the Rowan Ranger broiler are given at the end of this document (Appendix 4)

10 Conclusions The popularity of the Rowan Ranger is likely to increase due to its slower growth rate and its recognition as a slower-growing product by several accreditation schemes (the Beter Leven in the Netherlands and Freedom Foods in the UK). Management of the broiler is the same as that for the standard Aviagen products however there are some key management differences between the Rowan Ranger parent stock and the standard Aviagen parent stock products. Understanding these differences and modifying management appropriately to account for them will ensure that the performance of the Rowan Ranger parent stock is optimized. The key points to consider when managing Rowan Ranger parent stock are: The Ranger female should be reared to recommended body-weight profi les adhering to recommended nutrition specifi cations. Feeding into production: Ranger females come into lay quickly. It is important that increases in take account of this. Rowan males should be managed with care and attention. Accurate and regular monitoring of body weight and condition is the key to maintaining good fertility. Keep to recommended stocking densities and, in lay, ensure that suffi cient nest and ing space is provided

11 Appendix 1. Rowan Ranger Parent Stock Performance Objectives Table 1. Summary statistics. Breeder: Summary of 40 weeks production Age at depletion 62 weeks Total Eggs (HH) Hatching Eggs a (HH) (HH) Chicks/female housed at 23 weeks Hatchability % % Age at 5% production 23 weeks Peak production % (HH) Body weight at 23 weeks g Body weight at depletion g Liveability rear 95-96% Liveability lay 92% Feed/100 Chicks (0-62 weeks) kg Feed/100 Hatching Eggs (0-62 weeks) kg Feed amounts expressed in this table do not include male allocations

12 Table 2. Male and female body weights and ing intake programs. profi les. Female Female Female Female energy Male Male Male Male energy Age Age Female Male Male body body Male Male body weekly gain intake intake* (kcal/ (kcal/ weekly gain gain intake* (kcal/ (kcal/ (days) (weeks) intake* (g) weight (g) (g) intake* (g) (g) weight (g) (g) (g) bird/day)* (g) (g) bird/day)* day-old Ad ad lib lib to 25 g ad Ad lib lib Ad lib 20to 30 g * Based on the 2800 energy kcal ME/kg. levels given Adjustments in the Rowan must Ranger be made Nutrition to refl ect Specifi ing cations. differing Adjustments energy levels. must be made to refl ect ing differing energy levels. NOTES Weekly body-weight gain beyond weeks (210 (231 days) should average approximately 20g. 5-10g. Body weights are on a day, 4-6 hours after ing. Feed quantities are given as a guide. Birds should be fed the amount of they need to achieve the body-weight target curve

13 Table 3. Weekly egg production. Week of production Age (days) Age (weeks) Hen housed (%) Hen week (%)* Eggs/bird/ week Eggs/bird/ cum. Hatching eggs/bird/ week** Hatching eggs/bird/ cum. Hatching egg utilization weekly Hatching egg utilization cum * Hen week (%) is on the assumption that mortality in lay is 8% with 0.2% mortality per week. ** A hatching egg is considered to be an egg which is 50 grams or heavier

14 Table 4. Weekly hatchability and chick production. Week of production Age (days) Age (weeks) Hatch all eggs (%)* Cum. hatchability (%) Chicks/week hen housed Cum. chicks hen housed * Hatchability is on an average egg age of 3 days. Hatchability will drop by 0.5% per day of storage between 7 and 11 days

15 Table 5. Weekly egg weight and egg mass. Week of Age Age Hen week (%) Egg weight (g) Egg mass* production (days) (weeks) * Egg mass = Hen week (%) x Egg weight (g)

16 Appendix 2. Rowan Ranger Parent Stock Nutrition Specifications Table 1. Female parent stock nutrition specifi cations (four stage rearing program). STARTER 1 STARTER 2 GROWER PRE-BREEDER Age Fed days days to 5% production Energy per kg kcal MJ Energy per lb kcal AMINO ACIDS* TOTAL DIGEST 1 TOTAL DIGEST 1 TOTAL DIGEST 1 TOTAL DIGEST 1 Lysine % Methionine + Cystine % Methionine % Threonine % Valine % Iso-leucine % Arginine % Tryptophan % Leucine % Crude Protein % MINERALS* Calcium % Available Phosphorus % Sodium % Chloride % Potassium % ADDED TRACE MINERALS PER KG Copper mg Iodine mg Iron mg Manganese mg Selenium mg Zinc mg ADDED VITAMINS PER KG Wheat Maize Wheat Maize Wheat Maize Wheat Maize Vitamin A IU Vitamin D3 IU Vitamin E IU Vitamin K (Menadione) mg Thiamine (B1) mg Ribofl avin (B2) mg Nicotinic Acid mg Pantothenic Acid mg Pyridoxine (B6) mg Biotin mg Folic Acid mg Vitamin B12 mg MINIMUM SPECIFICATION Choline per kg mg Linoleic Acid % Digest 1 = Digestible * Energy base value. Nutrients should be factored accordingly when ing differing energy values. **A Breeder 2 and 3 can be useful to help control egg size and improve shell quality. NOTES These specifi cations should be used as a guide. They may require adjustment for local conditions, legislation and markets

17 Table 1. Female parent stock nutrition specifi cations (four stage rearing program) Continued. Table 2. Female parent stock nutrient allocations at peak. Table 2. Female parent stock nutrient allocations at peak. BREEDER 1 BREEDER 2 ** BREEDER 3 ** From 5% production After 245 days After 351 days TOTAL DIGEST 1 TOTAL DIGEST 1 TOTAL DIGEST Nutrient Energy (kcal/bird/day) 406 DIGESTIBLE AMINO ACIDS mg/bird/day Lysine 870 Methionine + Cystine 856 Methionine 537 Threonine 711 Valine 812 Iso-leucine 725 Arginine 1146 Tryptophan 203 Leucine 1363 Nutrient Allocation at Peak MINERALS mg/bird/day Calcium 4350 Available Phosphorus 508 NOTES These specifi cations should be used as a guide. They may require adjustment for local conditions, legislation and markets. These nutrient allocations at peak are on ing 145g of a 2800 kcal ME/kg diet. Wheat Maize Wheat Maize Wheat Maize

18 Table 3. Male parent stock nutrition specifi cations. Feed allocation will be determined by male body weight and condition. The male diet should be introduced when birds are moved to the laying house or at light stimulation. Energy per kg kcal 2700 MJ 11.3 Energy per lb kcal 1225 AMINO ACIDS* TOTAL DIGEST 1 Lysine % Methionine + Cystine % Methionine % Threonine % Valine % Iso-leucine % Arginine % Tryptophan % Leucine % Crude Protein % MINERALS* Calcium % 0.70 Avail. Phosphorus % 0.35 Sodium % Chloride % Potassium % ADDED TRACE MINERALS PER KG Copper mg 10 Iodine mg 2 Iron mg 50 Manganese mg 120 Zinc mg 110 Selenium mg 0.30 ADDED VITAMINS PER KG Wheat Maize Vitamin A IU Table 3. Male parent stock nutrition specifi cations. Vitamin D3 IU Vitamin E IU Vitamin K (Menadione) mg 5 5 Thiamine (B1) mg 3 3 Ribofl avin (B2) mg Nicotinic Acid mg Pantothenic Acid mg Pyridoxine (B6) mg 5 4 Biotin mg Folic Acid mg Vitamin B12 mg MINIMUM SPECIFICATION Choline per kg mg 1000 Linoleic Acid % 1.00 Digest 1 = Digestible * Energy base value. Nutrients should be factored accordingly when ing differing energy values. NOTES These specifi cations should be used as a guide. They may require adjustment for local conditions, legislation and markets

19 Appendix 3. Rowan Ranger Broiler Performance Objectives Table 1. As hatched broiler performance. Day Weight (g) 1 Daily gain (g) Av. Daily gain/week (g) Daily intake (g) Cum. intake (g) 2 FCR On-farm body weight (i.e. present in intestinal tract) 2. Feed consumption per living bird 3. FCR includes initial body weight at placement and does not account for mortality 19

20 Table 2. Male broiler performance. Day Weight (g) 1 Daily gain (g) Av. Daily gain/week (g) Daily intake (g) Cum. intake (g) 2 FCR On-farm body weight (i.e. present in intestinal tract) 2. Feed consumption per living bird 3. FCR includes initial body weight at placement and does not account for mortality

21 Table 3. Female broiler performance. Day Weight (g) 1 Daily gain (g) Av. Daily gain/week (g) Daily intake (g) Cum. intake (g) 2 FCR On-farm body weight (i.e. present in intestinal tract) 2. Feed consumption per living bird 3. FCR includes initial body weight at placement and does not account for mortality

22 Table 4. Processing performance. The following tables indicate how yields of the major portions change with increasing live weight in each sex. Two types of processing are described: eviscerated yield is broken down into breast meat, thigh and drumstick to represent a portioning operation and into breast meat and leg meat to represent a deboning operation. Rowan Ranger male - Portion Rowan Rowan Ranger Ranger male - male Debone - Debone Live Live Live weight weight weight (kg) Breast% % Thigh% % Drumstick% % Eviscerated % (kg) (kg) Leg meat Leg % meat Breast % % Breast% Total % Total % Live weight Rowan Ranger female - Portion Rowan Rowan Ranger Ranger female female - Debone - Debone Live Live weight weight (kg) Leg meat % Breast % Total % (kg) Breast % Thigh % Drumstick % Eviscerated % (kg) Leg meat % Breast% Total % Defi nition of Processing Terms: Eviscerated %: eviscerated carcass (without neck, abdominal fat and internal organs) as a percentage of live weight. Breast %: breast meat (without skin and bone) as a percentage of live weight. Thigh/Drumstick %: whole thigh/drumstick (with skin and bone) as a percentage of live weight. Leg Meat %: sum of deboned thigh (without skin) and deboned drumstick (without skin) as a percentage of live weight. NOTE These fi gures represent dry yield. They do not include any moisture retained during chilling or processing. Carcass component yields will vary among processing plants depending on, for example, type of equipment used and the exact portion(s) being produced

23 Appendix 4. Rowan Ranger Broiler Nutrition Specifications Starter Grower 1 Grower 2 Finisher 1 Finisher 2 Days MARKET Metabolizable energy kcal MJ Amino Acids TOTAL DIGEST 1 TOTAL DIGEST 1 TOTAL DIGEST 1 TOTAL DIGEST 1 TOTAL DIGEST 1 Lysine % Meth + Cystine % Methionine % Threonine % Valine % Iso-leucine % Arginine % Tryptophan % Leucine % Achieved Crude Protein 2 % Minerals Calcium % Available Phosphorus % Magnesium % Sodium % Chloride % Potassium % Added trace minerals Copper mg Iodine mg Iron mg Manganese mg Selenium mg Zinc mg Added Vitamins Wheat Maize Wheat Maize Wheat Maize Wheat Maize Wheat Vitamin A iu Vitamin D3 iu Vitamin E iu Vitamin K (Menadione) mg Thiamin (B1) mg Ribofl avin (B2) mg Niacin mg Pantothenic Acid mg Pyridoxine (B6) mg Biotin mg Folic Acid mg Vitamin B12 mg Minimum specifications Choline per kg mg Linoleic Acid % Digest 1 = Digestible Maize Achieved Crude Protein 2 is not a dietary crude protein minimum constraint. The formulation priority is to meet all the recommended minimum essential amino acid levels. These achieved crude protein levels are not requirements per se, but instead are levels which will likely occur when formulating to the specifi ed essential amino acid minimums while using commercially available synthetic amino acids. The achieved crude protein levels actually observed will vary depending on the ingredients being utilized and their associated nutritional composition. NOTES These specifi cations should be used as a guide. They require adjustment for local conditions and markets. A withdrawal should be fed to meet local legislation requirements for drug withdrawal times. This can be formulated to the same standards as the fi nal listed above