Dietary Amino Acid Responses of Layers. W. A. Dozier, III Associate Professor Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University Auburn, AL, USA

Transcription

1 Dietary Amino Acid Responses of Layers W. A. Dozier, III Associate Professor Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University Auburn, AL, USA

2 Egg Production Per Hen-Housed 20 to 60 Weeks of Age Elliot, 2012

3 Goal Target egg size and egg mass at an early age

4 Amino Acid Intake Peak production level Persistency of lay Early egg size Feed conversion

5 Digestible Amino Acid Ratios Enhance the accuracy of formulation Decrease the cost of production Reduce crude protein content to 14 to 16% Use of alternate ingredients Minimize nitrogen excretion and ammonia

6 Percent Fecal Nitrogen in Layers 20 to 63 Weeks of Age Fecal Nitrogen (%) Protein Level Phase I Phase II High 6.32 a 4.95 a Medium 5.88 b 4.74 b Low 5.12 c 4.49 c Main Effects Probabilities Protein Different superscripts within a column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). High Protein = 18.9 and 16.3 mg /d in Phase I and Phase II, respectively. Medium Protein = 17.0 and 14.6 mg /d in Phase I and Phase II, respectively. Low Protein = 14.4 and 13.8 mg /d in Phase I and Phase II, respectively. Equal performance in egg production, size and mass were maintained. Novak et. al., 2006

7 Phase 2 (45 to 58 wk of age) N Balance Per Hen and N and DM Digestibility of Diets Item Protein Normal Reduced Pooled SEM N consumption, g/d N in egg, g/d N excretion, g/d 1.66 a 1.49 b 0.05 N retention, g/d N digestibility, % DM digestibility, % P < 0.05 Reduced = 1% point CP reduction through the use of L-Lysine. ~ 17% vs. 16% Roberts et. al., 2007 b

8 MT of Manure N per 100,000 Layers/year Diet MT Manure N MT Manure Reduction 20% CP % CP %! Diet % Manure Moisture 20% CP % CP % CP % CP % CP % CP 75.1 Manure moisture % % Manure Moisture 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% Diet CP Leeson, personal communication

9 Dr. Horacio Rostagno Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa, Brazil 2011

10

11 2011

12 2011

13 Digestible Amino Acid Peak & > 90% Level of Production 90-85% 85-80% 80-75% Lysine Methionine* TSAA Threonine Tryptophan Valine Isoleucine* Arginine *Methionine and Isoleucine can be modified to adjust egg size.

14 Digestible Amino Acid Weeks of Lay 1 to to to 80 Lysine Methionine* TSAA Threonine Tryptophan Valine Isoleucine* Arginine *Methionine and Isoleucine can be modified to adjust egg size.

15 Egg Production 20 to 36 Weeks of Age Brake and Pebbles, 1992

16 Large Eggs 20 to 36 Weeks of Age Brake and Pebbles, 1992

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26 Suggested Layer Amino Acid Levels and Ratios

27 Laying Hen Minimum Digestible Amino Acid Ratios by Production Phase, Relative to Digestible Lysine Digestible Amino Acid Peak & > 90% Level of Production 90-85% 85-80% 80-75% Lysine Methionine* Met + Cys* Threonine Tryptophan Valine Isoleucine* Arginine * Methionine and isoleucine can be modified to manipulate egg size.

28 Recommended Digestible Lysine minimums and Amino Acid Ratios for Layers, Exploded to % of Diet ( Phase 1 Peak to 90% ) CALCULATIONS OF FORMULA NUTRIENT VALUES FOR LAYING HENS AT VARIOUS FEED INTAKES AND CONSTANT DAILY NUTRIENT INTAKES Targeted milligram intake for Digestible Lysine is specified, with other amino acids set via ratio. Recommendations for Peaking Diet Feed to Peak and down to 90% HDP Feed Intake Formula Nutrient Specification Requirements Desired Daily Intake per Bird Lbs / 100 => g / bird => Protein ( target?) grams 16.0 % Calcium grams 3.9 % Av. Phosphorus mg 460 % Sodium mg 175 % M. Energy Kcal 290 Ratios Kcal / Lb. 1,706 1,611 1,526 1,450 1,381 1,318 1,261 1,208 1,160 1,115 Dig. Lysine mg % % Dig. Methionine mg % % Dig. M + C mg % % Dig. Threonine mg % % Dig. Tryptophan mg % % Dig. Isoleucine mg % % Dig. Valine mg % % Dig. Arginine mg % % Total Glycine mg % %

29 Layer Diets Formulated Without or With the Next Limiting Amino Acid Without L-Threonine Phase 1 Layer ( Peak to > 90% ) Ingredients Prices Pounds per Batch ($/ton) Minimum Actual Maximum Corn $ SBM $ M&B Meal $ Poultry Meal $ Corn DDGS $ Wheat Midds $ Bakery Meal $ Poultry Fat $ L-Lysine $1, DL-Methionine $3, L-Threonine $2, L-Tryptophan $22, L-Valine $3, Limestone $ Dicalcium P $ Salt $ Vitamin PMX $3, Mineral PMX $3, Choline Chloride $ Phytase $5, With L-Threonine Phase 1 Layer ( Peak to > 90% ) Ingredients Prices Pounds per Batch ($/ton) Minimum Actual Maximum Corn $ SBM $ M&B Meal $ Poultry Meal $ Corn DDGS $ Wheat Midds $ Bakery Meal $ Poultry Fat $ L-Lysine $1, DL-Methionine $3, L-Threonine $2, L-Tryptophan $22, L-Valine $3, Limestone $ Dicalcium P $ Salt $ Vitamin PMX $3, Mineral PMX $3, Choline Chloride $ Phytase $5, Total cost (per ton) $ Total (lbs) Total cost (per ton) $ Total (lbs) Cost Savings of $0.78 from using next limiting Amino Acid.

30 Peaking Layer Diet s Formulated Without or With the Next Limiting Amino Acid Without L-Threonine With L-Threonine Nutrients Minimum Actual Maximum Batch Size Pounds = ME, Mcal / Lb CP, % Dig. Lysine, % Dig. M+C:Dig. Lys ratio Dig. Thr:Dig. Lys ratio Dig. Trp:Dig. Lys ratio Dig. Ile:Dig. Lys ratio Dig. Val:Dig. Lys ratio Dig. Arg:Dig. Lys ratio Tot Gly: Dig Lys ratio Calcium, % Av. P., % Na, % Nutrients Minimum Actual Maximum Batch Size Pounds = ME, Mcal / Lb CP, % Dig. Lysine, % Dig. M+C:Dig. Lys ratio Dig. Thr:Dig. Lys ratio Dig. Trp:Dig. Lys ratio Dig. Ile:Dig. Lys ratio Dig. Val:Dig. Lys ratio Dig. Arg:Dig. Lys ratio Tot Gly: Dig Lys ratio Calcium, % Av. P., % Na, % CP = CP = % Drop in CP would lower N Excretion ~ 2%

31 Isoleucine After the use of supplemental Met, Lys, and Thr, Ile may become the pressure point in diet formulation. In a field study, 60,000 layers were used from housing until 60 weeks of age. Three Ile to Lys ratios were fed: 66, 69, and 72 All diets contained Met, Lys, and Thr. Elliot, 2012

32 Elliot, 2012 Percent Large Eggs

33 Elliot, 2012 Egg Weight

34 Summary Crude protein can be reduced from 14 to 16% when formulating with digestible amino acid ratios. Ratios of digestible amino acids can be varied to achieved the desired egg size or mass among different strains and ages of hens.