Measurement of Polydispersity Index for FKM, SBR Using RPA. Vivek KT Manager GFRC Gujarat Fluoro Polymer Research Centre

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1 Measurement of Polydispersity Index for FKM, SBR Using RPA. Vivek KT Manager GFRC Gujarat Fluoro Polymer Research Centre

2 Gujarat Fluorochemicals Limited Fluoro Polymers & Chemicals (Vertically Integrated and Technologically Advanced)

GROUP OVERVIEW STRONG BUSINESS DIVERSIFICATION A US$ multi billion group Diversified businesses across industrial gases, engineering plastics, refrigerants, chemicals, cryogenic engineering,

3 GROUP OVERVIEW STRONG BUSINESS DIVERSIFICATION A US$ multi billion group Diversified businesses across industrial gases, engineering plastics, refrigerants, chemicals, cryogenic engineering, renewable energy and entertainment sectors Holding leadership position in India in most businesses More than 8,000 employees at more than 100 business units globally Distribution network spread across more than 50 countries Page -2

4 OTHER KEY COMPANIES LISTED COMPANIES GROUP OVERVIEW India s largest producer (by volume) 1. PTFE 2. FKM 3. Chloromethane 4. Refrigerants Fully integrated player in the wind energy market State-of-art manufacturing plants in India Ability to provide End to End Turnkey Solution for Wind Farms India s second largest multiplex chain Present in 52 cities in 17 states with 97 multiplexes and 377 screens 50:50 joint venture with Air Products Inc., USA India s largest manufacturer of industrial gases 36 Plants spread throughout India India s largest and world s second largest manufacturer of cryogenic liquid storage and transport tanks Have operations in India, USA, Canada, Netherlands and Brazil Engaged in the business of operating wind farms 213 MW operational capacity in 3 different states in India and adding more with another 20 MW ready for commissioning. Page -3

5 GUJARAT FLUOROCHEMICALS LIMITED Started operations in Manufacturing locations Dahej complex (India) Fluoro Polymers & Chemicals Ranjit Nagar complex (India) Fluoro Specialty Chemicals GFL Americas LLC (USA) - PTFE blending Manufacturing facilities are ISO 9001, ISO & ISO certified by Intertek 108,500 MT Chloromethane Capacity 15,000 MT PTFE capacity India s largest and World s 4th largest Key Product Capacities 134,750 MT Caustic / Chlorine Plant Capacity 65,000 MT Refrigerant Capacity 8,000 MT FKM, PFA, FEP, Micro Powders, PVDF Page -4

Polydispersity index (PDI) is the weight average-to number average molecular

6 Study Objective Measurement of Polydispersity index (PDI) through Rheological measurements. Polydispersity index (PDI) is the weight average-to number average molecular weight ratio and is given by Poly dispersity index (PDI) Classification PDI = Mw / Mn PDI 1.8 PDI = 1.8 to 3.5 Narrow MWD Medium MWD PDI 3.5 Broad MWD

7 Comparison of Broad Vs Narrow MWD of Rubbers Properties Broad MWD (PDI) Narrow MWD (PDI) Crosslink Density Non Newtonian High shear rate Physical Properties (Mod, TS) Processability (Extrusion, Mixing) Dynamic Properties ( Elastic, Visc& Tand) Polymer network strength

8 cyclic deformation (torsion shear) is applied and the response torque is measured. Elastic Phase (Torque) Viscous Phase(Torque) Tan delta Elastic Phase :Micro Brownian Movement, Network Strength Viscous phase: Internal Friction of Molecules Tan delta = Viscous Torq / Elastic Torq Strain Sweep = Payne Effect, Rubber LVER/NLVER Freq Sweep = Rubber Microstructures Temp Sweep = Behavior of Rubber in Various Temperature.

RPA Test Configuration Frequency sweep Solvent

Freq(Hz):1,3,5,7,10,25,33 Solvent : THF Std:

9 RPA Test Configuration Frequency sweep Solvent Free Test Time:4min GPC Test Configuration Solvent Usage Test time: 24hrs+35mins Test Configuration Temperature :100 C Strain:14%, Freq(Hz):1,3,5,7,10,25,33 Solvent : THF Std: polystyrene Flow rate: 1 ml/min Injection Volume:100µmL Coloum Temp :35 C

How to measure polydispersity using RPA Testing Measure Polydispersity of rubber in GPC at least 5 samples. Perform frequency sweep test at 100 C, Strain 14% for the same samples in RPA.

10 How to measure polydispersity using RPA Testing Measure Polydispersity of rubber in GPC at least 5 samples. Perform frequency sweep test at 100 C, Strain 14% for the same samples in RPA. Calculation Calculate the differential valve of Tan delta between High and Low frequency Arrive the inverse of Tan delta(i.e 1/tan delta) Analysis.Plot the values ( 1/tand in X axis), GPC Poly dispersity in Y axis in in Excel (Scatter graph) Perform regression analysis and derive Equation

11 GPC Poly dispersity /Tan delta difference X= 1/tan delta Value of HF- LF Y= Predicted Polydispersity

12 Measurement of Poly dispersity using RPA -SBR 1502 RPA Condition Temperature 100 C Strain 14% Frequency 1Hz -30Hz Constants Y = 0.235x+2.86 X= 1/tan delta Value of HF- LF Y= Predicted Polydispersity SL.No SBR / Tand difference RPA Measured PDI GPC PDI % of Difference 1 Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample

13 GPC Poly dispersity /tandelta difference X= 1/tan delta Value of HF- LF Y= Predicted Polydispersity

14 Measurement of Poly dispersity using RPA -FKM KR630 RPA Condition Temperature 100 C Strain 14% Frequency 1Hz -30Hz Constants Y = x X= 1/tan delta Value of HF- LF Y= Predicted Polydispersity SL.No FKM 1 / Tand difference RPA Measured PDI GPC PDI % of Difference 1 Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample

15 RPA Frequency sweep Tan delta value is better correlated with GPC values for Raw rubber (SBR-& FKM ). A maximum of 6% variation was observed between the GPC measured and the RPA predicted values. Rubber Process Analyzer (RPA 2000) can thus be used as a quality control tool to measure polydispersity in a short time duration to solve the processing Problem.

Global Zinc Chemicals Market Study ( )

Global Zinc Chemicals Market Study (2014 2025) Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Introduction to Zinc Chemicals Market Product Description Properties Industry Structure Value Chain Market Dynamics