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1 ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺟﻠﺪ, ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ Effect of salinity stress on water status, osmotic adjustment, and sodium and potassium compartmentations and distributions in seedlings of two rice genotypes ۴ ﻗﻠﻲ ۳ ۲, ۱ ۱۳۸۷ ۱۴۶-۱۶۴ :۲۱۰ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ IR29 IR651 ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ۶ ۵ ۴ ۳ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ۱۳۸۵ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ۱۰۰ ۰ ۳۸۴ ۲۴۰ ۱۲۰ ۷۲ ۰ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ۲۴۰ IR29 ﻫ ﺷﺪ IR651 ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ, ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﻫﺎ RWC ﻧﺴﺒﻲ IR651 ﻲ ۰/۰۳ ۰/۲ MPa ﻣﻲ ﻗﻨﺪ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻢ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ : ١٣٨٦/١١/٢١ : ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻳ -١-٢ -٣-٤ ١٤٦

2 ﺟﻠﺪ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺗـﺮﻳﻦ Hekmatshoar, ٢٠ 1993 ﻛﻨــﺪ Husain Lew, ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺷـــﺪ ١٤/٥ 1996 ﺗﺴــﻬﻴﻢ et al, 4 ٢٣/٥ ﺷـ Jafari, ٢٧ Lacerda et al, 3 Rezvani ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ and ﻣـﻲ Koocheki, 1 ﭼﻨﺪﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ Munns, et al, 6 ﻴـﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻪ ﻧﻤـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻫﺎ ١٣٨٤-٨٥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ Tester and Dovenport, 3 ﺑـــﻪ ۱ABRII IR651 IR29 ﻫـــﺎ, Song Moradi ﻣﺆﻟﻔــﻪ et Moradi and Ismail, et al, 3 ﻫـﺎ 1- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran al, ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻢ

3 , ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ٩٦ Corning-41, Emmami, ١ 2 ﻣﻘﻄـﺮ 1996 ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﺷـﺪ ٥/٥ ٥ ﻴـ ﺗـﺮﻳﻦ RWC - ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ Irigoyen et al, 1992 Wt ۱ ﺷـﺐ / ٧٥٠±٥٠ ١ ٢٥/٣٢±٢ Stewart, 1989 %RWC = [Wf Wd/Wt Wd] ٥-٤ ﻫﺮ ph Methrom, Switzerland ٥ ۳۳ USA ٧٠±١٥ ٠/٣ ١٩ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ Perkin Elmer 311, USA ٣ ﻧﻴ ٦ ١٠٠ Wf ﺑﺎﺷﺪ - ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺪ Wd ﺑﻪ ٤ Laboratory ٣٨٤ ٢٤٠ ١٢٠ ٧٢ ﺻــﻔﺮ Plant Water Status Console, Santa Barbara, USA Shifraw and Baker, 1996 ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ Wescor- 552, USA Martinez et al, 4 Ψs MPa = -MIRT ۲۴۰ ﺗــﺎ IR29 ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ۲ ۳ 1- Flame Photometer -۸۰ ۷۰ 2- Atomic Absorption Spectrometer ١٤٨ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ

4 ١C ١ ٣٨٤ ١ ۱B D C B ٢ ٠/٠٠٨٣١٤٣ R T MPa mol-1 K-1 ﻣﻲ +٢٧٣ C ﺷﺪ Ψs Blum, 1989; ٤٠ Zang, 1999 ٣ OAtot = Ψsc Ψss Ψsc OAtot ٥ ٤ ٣ ١ M ١٢ ﻫﺎ I ٢A ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﺷـﺪ ٢A ﺷﻜﻞ - ﺗﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ P<1 ﻫﺎ ﺷـﺪ ﺟﻠﺪ Ψss SAS Ver 61 ﺗﻮﻟﻴـــﺪ Munns et al, 2 ﺑﺎﺷـــﺪ Munns, ﻫﺎﺳــﮕ Moradi Neumann, 1997 ﻧﻴﻮﻣﻦ ﻪ Schatchmann ١A ﺷﻜﻞ and Ismail, 7 2 ﻣــﻮﻧﺲ Hassegawa et al, P<1 ٣٨٤ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ Excel ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ١٢ IR29 ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﻳﻮﻧﻲ IR651 and Munns, 1992 P<1 149 ﻲ IR29 ١ IR651 ١B

5 ,,, ١ Table 1 Analysis of variance for total, roots, leaf sheaths and different leaves dry weight in two rice genotypes Mean Squares SOV Genotype G Salinity S S G Error CV % ﻴﻴ ﺧﻄﺎ df Total dry matter Root ns * and : Significant at the 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively Leaf sheath Leaf 3 Leaf ns 2ns ns 11 3ns ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ٠/٠١ ٠/٠٥ Leaf 5 46* 18ns 5ns 6 32 Leaf 6 1ns : * :ns ns: Non-Significant ١٥٠

6 14 ﺟﻠﺪ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ A mg y plwe Dr Dr ant i g hyt we mg i g hplt ant ﺸﮏ ﻠﯽ ﮔ ﺮم در ﺑﻮ ﺗﻪ و زن ﺧ ﻣﯿ ﺧﺸﻚ زن ﺑﻮﺗﮫ i gh م ﺑﺮ t ﻠﻲﮔﺮ ﻣﯿ pl -1 و Dr y we an t mg -1 ﺸﮏ ﻠﯽ ﮔ ﺮم در ﺑﻮ ﺗﻪ و زن ﺧ ﻣﯿ -1 Dr y we i gh t mg pl an t B B 2 IR651 Control IR651 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR651 Stress IR651 ﺗﻨﺶ IR29 Control IR29 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR29 Stress IR29 ﺗﻨﺶ IR651 Control IR651 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ Genotype IR651 Stress IR651 ﺗﻨﺶ IR29 Control IR29 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR29 Stress IR29 ﺗﻨﺶ Genotype 12 ﺸﮏ ﻠﯽ ﮔ ﺮم در ﺑﻮ ﺗﻪ و زن ﺧ ﻣﯿ و ﺧﺸﻚﻠﻲ ﮔﺮ م ﺑﺮ ﺑﻮﺗﮫ زن ﻣﯿ -1 Dr y we t - 1 plpl Dr yi gh weti ghmg t mg ant an 5 12 CC IR651 Control IR651 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR651 Stress IR651 ﺗﻨﺶ IR29 Control IR29 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ Genotype A ± ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ۳۸۴ IR29 Stress IR29 ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ۱۰۰ IR29 IR651-۱ C B Fig 1 Effect of salinity and mm NaCl on total A, leaf sheath B and root C dry weight of two rice genotypes IR651 and IR29 in 384 hours after salinization Vertical bars indicate ± SE ١١٨/٥ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ٢ IR29 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ٢٢٤١ ٥٢٥/٨ ١٨١/٦ ١٥٩/٤ ﺗــﺮﻳﻦ P<1 ١٠ ٣٨٤ ١٢٠٤٠ ٧٢ ٠ ۳ A ٣ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ ٦٥٠ ١٩٦/٥ ١١٢/٦ ١٢٩/٦ ١١٤/٨ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ IR

7 , A ﺸﮏ ﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و زن ﺧ ﻣﯿ -1-1 DrDry y we i gh mg t mg an t weight plantpl ﺸﮏ ﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﺑﻮ ﺗﻪ و زن ﺧ ﻣﯿ Dr Dry t y we i gh tmg mg pl-1-1an weight plant B IR651 control IR651 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR651 stress IR651 ﺗﻨﺶ IR29 control IR29 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR29 stress IR29 ﺗﻨﺶ IR651 control IR651 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR651 stress IR651 ﺗﻨﺶ C 25 1 ﺸﮏ ﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﺑﻮ ﺗﻪ و زن ﺧ ﻣﯿ Dryy weight -1 an mg plant-1pl Dr t we i gh t mg D IR651 control IR651 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR651 stress IR651 ﺗﻨﺶ IR29 control IR29 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR29 stress IR29 ﺗﻨﺶ IR651 control IR651 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR651 stress IR651 ﺗﻨﺶ Genotype IR29 stress IR29 ﺗﻨﺶ 2 IR29 IR29 control IR29 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ Genotype Genotype ﺑﻮ ﺗﻪ و زن ﺧ ﻣﯿ ﺸﮏ ﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در Dr Dry t y we i gh tmg mg pl-1-1an weight plant 5 IR651 ± D IR29 control IR29 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR29 stress IR29 ﺗﻨﺶ Genotype C, B,A ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ٣ ٤,٥,٦-٢ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ٣٨٤ Fig 2 Dry weight of leaves No 3, 4, 5 and 6 A, B, C and D, respectively of two IR651 and IR29 rice genotypes, 384 hours after salinization Vertical bars indicate means of four replications ± SE ٣٣٠٠ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﻠﻈـﺖ ٣/٤ ٣ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺗــﺮ ١٢٠ ٧٢ ٢٤٠ ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ٣٨٤ ٣ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ ٣A ﺷـﻜﻞ, ٣D ﺷﻜﻞ D ١٥٢ C B ٣ ﺟﺎﻟ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ

8 ﺟﻠﺪ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ٢ Table 2 Analysis of variance for Na+ and K+ accumulation as affected by time of sampling, genotype, salinity level, and plant part treatments in two rice genotypes SOV Sampling time ST Genotype G Salinity level SL Plant part PP ST G ST SL ST PP G SL G PP SL PP ST G SL ST SL PP ST G PP G SL PP ST G SL PP Error CV% df ﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﻄﺎ ۰/۱ and*: significant at the 1% and 1% levels of probability, respectively ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ Tester and Dovenport, 3 and Dovenport, 3 Munns, ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ IR651 ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ IR29 2 ﻣﻮﻧﺲ ١ ﻧﻴــــﺰ Munns ٣ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘـﺖ Tester Mean squares ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ Sodium Potassium * * * * * * ۱ :* ﻲ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﻲ Neumann, 1997; Hassegawa et al, ﻴ ٢ et al, 6 ٣ ﺷــﻜﻞ 1- High affinity potassium carriers 2- Non-selective cation channels 153

9 , A ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ 35 IR29 control IR29 stress 25 IR651 control IR651 stress 15 IR29 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR29 ﺗﻨﺶ 25 IR651 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR651 ﺗﻨﺶ 15 5 B 35 Na+ concentration mmol kg-1 dwt ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ Na+ concentration mmol kg-1 dwt 5 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ Time after salinization h ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ Na+ concentration mmol kg-1 dwt Na+ concentration mmol kg-1 dwt C 35 5 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ Time after salinization h D E ﺳﺎﻋﺖ Time after salinization h ﺳﺎﻋﺖ Time after salinization h 6 F Na concentration mmol kg-1 dwt ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ Na+ concentration mmol kg-1 dwt 35 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ Time after salinization h ﭘﻴـﺮ,D C ٣٨٤,B ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ Time after salinization h IR29 IR651,A F ﻫﺎ -٣ ﺷﻜﻞ E Fig 3 Sodium concentrations in leaf 6 A, youngest fully expanded leaf, 5 B, 4 C, 3 D, oldest leaf, roots F and leafsheaths E in two rice genotypes IR651 and IR29 from commencement to 384 hours after salinization ١٥٤

10 Carden et al, 3 Zhu, - ١ ﺟﻠﺪ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ 3 ٣٨٤ ﻧﻬ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ٣E ﻧﺸﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ Mahajan, and Tuteja, 5-٣F ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑـﺮ ٢ P<5 ﺷـﻜﻞ RWC ﺷـﻜﻞ IR29 ۱۲۰ ۲۴۰ ٤ A D P<1 RWC ۷۹/۹ ﺑــﻪ IR29 ٣/١٨ B ٤ ﺷـﻜﻞ ۵ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ٢/٥٨ ١/٤٦ ١/٥١ ١/٠١ ﺣﻔــﻆ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴــﺖ P<1 ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ F IR651 C E A ٤ RWC ۹۱/۵ ﺑﻪ IR651 ۶A ٥٠ Carden et al, 3 ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻬﻲ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ٤ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ Speer Flowers 1- K+-specific transporters 155 and Kaiser, 1991 and Hajibagheri, 1 ﺣــﺎﺟﻲ

11 , A B 1 ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ K+ concentration mmol kg-1 dwt K+ concentration mmol kg-1 dwt 9 ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ Time after salinization h ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ K+ concentration mmol kg-1 dwt ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ 1 K+ concentration mmol kg-1 dwt ﺳﺎﻋﺖ Time after salinization h ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ 15 IR29 control IR29 stress IR651 control 5 K+ concentration mmol kg-1 dwt 25 ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ K+ concentration mmol kg-1 dwt F 45 E ﺳﺎﻋﺖ Time after salinization h D 1 C 1 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ Time after salinization h IR651 stress ﭘﻴﺮ,D IR29 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ 15 IR29 ﺗﻨﺶ IR651 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR651 ﺗﻨﺶ 5 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ Time after salinization h C ٣٨٤ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ Time after salinization h,b ﭘﻨﺠﻢ IR29,A IR651 ﻏ -٤ ﺷﻜﻞ F ﻫﺎ E Fig 4 Potassium concentrations in leaf 6 A, youngest fully expanded leaf, 5 B, 4 C, 3 D, oldest leaf, roots F and leafsheaths E in two rice genotypes IR651 and IR29 from commencement to 384 hours after salinization IR29 ﻣﮕﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﻜ -۲/۳۵ ۶A ١٥٦-۱/۷۳ IR651-۲/۰۹

12 ﺟﻠﺪ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ Relative water content % IR651 5 IR651 control ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR651 IR651 stress ﺗﻨﺶ IR651 IR29 control ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR29 IR29 stress ﺗﻨﺶ IR ﺳﺎﻋﺖ Time Hour IR29 ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ -۵ Fig 5 Relative water content of leaf No6 youngest fully expanded leaf in sensitive genotype IR29 and tolerant genotype IR651 during salinity treatments Means are based on means of four replications, and vertical bars indicate SE ﺳﺎﻋﺖ NaCl ﺳﺎﻋﺖ NaCl Time after adding NaCl Hours Time after adding NaCl Hours IR651 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR651stress IR651 ﺗﻨﺶ IR29 control IR29 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ IR29 stress IR29 ﺗﻨﺶ B A -15 IR29 Water potential MPa -1 IR651control -5-5 Water potential MPa 95-2, ﺑـﺮﻧﺞ -25 A ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻛﻞ -۶ ﺷﻜﻞ B ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ IR651 ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ Fig 6 Water potential A and osmotic potential B in leaf No6 of two rice genotypes including sensitive genotype IR29 and tolerant genotype IR651 during salinity treatments Means are based on means of four replications, and vertical bars indicate SE 157

13 , ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄ Hu and Schmidhalter, 1998 ﺗـﺎ ۱۲۰ IR651 ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﻳﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻠﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻃـﻲ ۶ ﺗـﺮ ۲۴۰ ۷ ۳ IR29 ۷ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗـﺮﻳﻦ Munns et al, 6 IR651 ﺗﺴــــﻬﻴﻢ ﻣــــﻲ ۰/۲ ۶B ۷ ۱۰۰ ۰/۰۳ ﻧﺘﺎﻳ ۵ ﺷﻜﻞ RWC RWC Netondo et al, 4 ۴ El-Henawy et al, 5 Neumann, Munns, 2 ﻣــﻮﻧﺲ 1997 RWC RWC ۷۲ P<1 ﻴــﭗ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ۳ ﻫﻤــﻴ RWC ﻴ Moradi ١٥٨ and Ismail, 7 ۱۰۰ IR651

14 NaCl ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ۱۰۰ ۰ IR651 ﺟﻠﺪ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ IR29 ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ۳ Table 3 Analysis of variance for water relations and solutes in leaf No 6 youngest fully expended leaf of sensitive IR29 and tolerant IR651 rice genotypes under two NaCl levels and mmol at four times of sampling MS SOV df Water potential Salinity period SP 3 3 Genotype G 1 2 Salinity level SL 1 5 GSP 3 1* SPSL 3 2 GSL 1 1ns SPGSL 3 1 Error ﺧﻄﺎ 44 1 CV % ﻳﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴ 571 * and : Significant at the 5% and 1% levels of probability, respectively ns: Non-significant Osmotic potential 18 1ns 1 1ns 2* 5 RWC * 31ns 33ns 1* 11ns Clˉ ns ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ Mg2+ 32 ns 212* ns 839ns 919ns Ca ns ns ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ K+ 1378* 463ns 21692* 679ns 4551ns 245ns ﺳﺪﻳﻢ Na ns ns 3917ns 2351ns ۱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ : * :ns Soluble sugars * ns * ۵

15 , Plieth, 5 ﭘﻠﻴﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ P<5 ﻫـﺮ ۳ ۳ ۱/۶ Tester and Dovenport 3 ﻳﺎﻓﺖ P<1 ۴ ۳ ﻗﻨﺪ ۵۹۱ ۵۸۰ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺳــﺎﻋﺖ ۲۴۰ ۷ ۹۱۹ ۸۵۷ ۳ ۵۰ Munns ۳ and Weir, Hanson, Lacerda ۲۴۰ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﻲ IR651 and Hitz, 1982 IR29 ۳ 1981 ۳۸۸ Morgan, 1992 ﻳ ۲۵۶ ﺑـﻪ ۳۱۸ et al, 3 ۳ ۲۱۱ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ Chaves et al, 3 ﻳ ١٦٠ ۳ El-Hendawy et al, 5

16 ﺟﻠﺪ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ 25 Osmotic adjustment MPa IR IR ﺳﺎﻋﺖ Time after adding salt Hour ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ IR651 IR29-۷ Fig 7 Osmotic adjustment in IR29 sensitive and IR651tolerant to salinity during stress period ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻢ ۰/۲ ﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺖ IR29 IR651 ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ IR651 ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻢ ﻣ References Blum, A 1989 Osmotic adjustment and growth of barley genotypes under drought stress Crop Sci 2: Carden, D E, D J Walker, T J Flowers and A J Miller 3 Signal cell measurements of the contributions of cytosolic Na+ and K+ to salt tolerance Plant Physiol 131: Chaves, M M, J P Maroco, and J S Pereira 3 Understanding plant response to drought: from genes to the whole plant Funct Plant Biol 3: El-Hendawy, S E, Y Hu and U Schmidhalter 5 Growth, ion content, gas exchange, and water relation of wheat genotypes differing in salt tolerances Aust J Agric Res 56:

17 , Emmami, A 1996 Plant analysis methods Technical publication Soil and Water Research Institute of Iran Vol p Flowers, T J and M A Hajibagheri 1 Salinity tolerance in Hordeum vulgare: ion concentrations in root cells cultivars differing in salt tolerance Plant and Soil 231: 1-9 Hanson, A D and W D Hitz 1982 Metabolic responses of plant water deficit Annu Rev Plant Physiol 33: Hasegawa, P M, R A, Bressan, J K, Zhu and H J Bohnert Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity Annu Rev Plant Physiol Mol Biol 51: Hekmatshoar, H 1993 Plant physiology under stress Niknam Publisher Tabriz, Iran Hu, Y and U Schmidhalter 1998 Spatial distributions and net deposition rates of mineral elements in the elongating wheat Triticum aestivum L leaf under saline soil conditions Planta 24: Husain, S, S Von Caemmerer and R Munns 4 Control of salt transport from roots to shoots of wheat in saline soil Func Plant Biol 31: Koocheki, A and M Nasiri Mahalati 1992 Feed value of some halophytic range plants of arid region of Iran In: R Squires Victor and T Ayoub Ali Eds Halophytes as a resources for livestock and for rehabilitation of degraded lands Proceedings of the International Workchop on Halophytes for Reclamation of Saline Wastelands and as a Resources for Livestock, Problems and Prospects Nairobi Kenya, Nov 1992 Kluwer Academic Publisher pp Lacerda, C F, J Cambraia, M A Oliva and H A Ruiz 3 Osmotic adjustment in root and leaves of two sorghum genotypes under NaCl stress Braz J Plant Physiol 15 2: Lew, R R 1996 Pressure regulation of electrical properties of growing Arabidopsis thaliana L root hairs Plant Physiol 112: Mahajan, S and N Tuteja 5 Cold, salinity and drought stresses: An overview Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 444: Martinez, J P, S Lutts, A Schank, M Bajji and J M Kinet 4 Is osmotic adjustment required for water stress resistance in the Mediterranean shrub Atriplex halimus L J Plant Physiol 161: Moradi F, A B Ismail, G B Greegorio and J Egdane 3 Salinity tolerance of rice during reproductive development and association with tolerance at seedling stage Indian J Plant Physiol 8: Moradi, F and A B Ismail 7 Responses of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and ROSscavenging systems to salt stress during seedling and reproductive stages in rice Ann Bot 99: Morgan, J M 1992 Osmotic components and properties associated with genotypic differences in osmoregulation in wheat Aust J Plant Physiol 19: Munns, R 2 Comparative physiology of salt and water stress Plant Cell Environ 25: Munns, R and R Weir 1981 Contribution of sugars to osmotic adjustment in elongating and expanded zones ١٦٢

18 ﺟﻠﺪ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ of wheat leaves during moderate water deficit at two light levels Aust J Plant Physiol 8: Munns, R, R A James, and A Lauchli 6 Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals J Exp Bot 57: Munns, R, S Husain, A R Rivelli, A G, Condon, M P Lindsay, E S Lagudah, D P Schachtman and R A Hare 2 Avenues for increasing salt tolerance of crops, and the role of physiologically based selection traits Plant and Soil 247: Netondo, G W, J C Onyango and E Beck 4 Sorghum and salinity: II Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress Crop Sci 44: Neumann, P 1997 Salinity resistance and plant growth revisited Plant Cell Environ 2: Plieth, C 5 Calcium: Just another regulator in the machinery of life? Ann Bot 96: 1-8 Rezvani Moghadam, P and A Koocheki, 1 Research history on salt affected lands of Iran: Present and Future Prospects-Halophytic Ecosystem International Symposium on Prospects of Saline Agriculture in the GCC countries Dubai, UE Schachtman, D P and R Munns 1992 Sodium accumulation and leaf growth in Triticum species that differ in salt tolerance Aust J Plant Physiol 19: Shifraw, B and B D Baker 1996 An evaluation of drought screening techniques for Eragrotis tef Trop Sci 36: Song, J Q, X R Mei and H Fujiyama 6 Adequate internal water status of NaCl salinized rice shoots enhanced selective calcium and potassium absorption Soil Sci Plant Nutr 52: -34 Speer, M and W M Kaiser 1991 Ion relations of symplastic and apoplastic space in leaves from Spinacia oleracea L and Pisum sativa L under salinity Plant Physiol 97: Stewart, E A 1989 Analysis of vegetation and other organic material In: Acad Press, New York pp: 46-6 Tester, M and R Dovenport 3 Na+ tolerance and Na+ transport in higher plants Ann Bot 91: Zang, J, H T Nguyen and A Blum 1999 Genetic analysis of osmotic adjustment in crop plants Exp Bot 5: Zhu, J K 1 Genetic analysis of plant salt tolerance using Arabidopsis thaliana Plant Physiol 124:

19 , Effect of salinity stress on water status, osmotic adjustment, and sodium and potassium compartmentations and distributions in seedlings of two rice genotypes Nemati, I1, F Moradi2, M A Esmaili3 and S Gholizadeh4 ABSTRACT Nemati, I, F Moradi, M A Esmaili and S Gholizadeh Effect of salinity stress on water status, osmotic adjustment, and sodium and potassium compartmentations and distributions in seedlings of two rice genotypes Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 12: In order to investigate the effect of NaCl stress on Na+ and K+ distribution and compartmentation in salt tolerant IR651 and sensitiveir29 rice genotypes, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design CRD with four replications was conducted in Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Iran ABRII during 6 Seeds of rice genotypes were grown in Yushida nutrient solution and treated with and mm NaCl, after full expansion of sixth leaves Leaves were scored basipetally and samples were collected from root, leafsheath and leaves No 3, 4, 5 and 6 at, 72, 12, 24 and 384 h after starting treatments In addition, some attributes including, RWC, water and osmotic potentials, osmotic adjustment, total soluble sugars, Ca2+, Cl, and Mg2+ concentrations were measured only in leaf 6 until development of injury in this leaf 24 h after starting treatments Results showed that salt stress declined dry weight DW of IR29 more than IR651 and had no significant effect on DW of older leaves while reduced DW of leaf 6 and root in both cultivars Salt tolerant cultivar was able to compartmentize Na+ in lower leaves Concentration of K+ reduced by salt stress in leafsheaths and roots, and had no changes in leaf 6 of both genotypes However, osmotic adjustment was more in tolerant genotype 2 MPa compare to sensitive genotype 3 MPa Salinity stress increased the amount of Cl and total soluble sugars, while reduced Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations in leaves of both genotypes Our findings show that the IR651 has the ability to control Na+ transport to upper parts of plant, and compartmentize the Na+ in older leaves; hence it was able to reduce damage to younger leaves This helps plant for up-regulation of other salinity tolerance mechanisms Therefore, it is possible to use these attributes for selection of tolerant lines in rice breeding programs Keywords: Rice, Compartmentation, Sodium, Potassium, Salt stress, NaCl, Water relations, Osmotic adjustment, Soluble sugars Recieved: February, 7 1- Lecturer, Islamic Azad University, Khorramshahar Unit 2- Assistant Prof Agric Biotech Inst Iran, Karaj, Iran Corresponding author 3- Assistant Prof Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Mazandaran, Sari, Iran 4- Lecturer, Islamic Azad University, Khorramshahar Unit ١٦٤