A COMPARISON OF WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE AND SPRAY-DRIED ANIMAL PLASMA IN DIETS FOR WEANLING PIGS 1

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1 Swine Day 2004 A COMPARISON OF WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE AND SPRAY-DRIED ANIMAL PLASMA IN DIETS FOR WEANLING PIGS 1 R. O. Gottlob, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz 2, J. L. Nelssen, and C. W. Hastad Summary A total of 180 weanling pigs (initially 13.7 lb and 21 ± 3 d of age, PIC L326 C22) were used to evaluate the effects of whey protein concentrate or spray-dried animal plasma on growth performance of weanling pigs. Pigs were fed one of five experimental diets: negative control with no specialty protein sources, or the control diet with 2.5% spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP), 5.0% spray-dried animal plasma, 2.5% whey protein concentrate (WPC), or 5.0% whey protein concentrate. Pigs were fed the experimental diets from d 0 to 14 after weaning, then all pigs were fed a common phase 2 diet from d 14 to 27 after weaning. From d 0 to 14, increasing SDAP increased ADG and ADFI (linear, P<0). Increasing WPC had no effect on ADG and ADFI, but increased (quadratic, P<0). The mean ADG and ADFI of pigs fed diets containing SDAP was greater (P<0) than the mean of pigs fed diets containing WPC. Overall (d 0 to 27 after weaning), increasing SDAP from d 0 to 14 increased ADG (linear, P<0) and tended to increase ADFI (linear, P<0.11). Increasing WPC from 0 to 14 had no effect on overall ADG or. Pigs fed diets containing SDAP from d 0 to 14 had greater overall ADG (P<0) and tended to have improved (P<0.12) compared with ADG and of pigs fed WPC. The inclusion of spraydried animal plasma during the first 14 d after weaning improved overall growth performance; the inclusion of whey protein concentrate did not. (Key Words: Nursery Pigs, Pigs, Spray-dried Animal Plasma, Whey Protein Concentrate.) Introduction Spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) has previously been shown to improve growth performance in early weaned nursery pigs. Earlier research has also shown that highprotein whey protein concentrate (WPC) also improves growth performance of nursery pigs. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects spray-dried animal plasma and a high-protein whey protein concentrate (a different source than what was used in earlier studies) on growth performance in nursery-pig diets, and to determine if whey protein concentrate can replace spray-dried animal plasma in nursery diets. Procedures A total of 180 weanling pigs (13.8 lb and 18 ± 3 d of age, PIC L326 C22) were blocked by initial weight and were randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments. There were six pigs per pen and six pens per 1 The authors thank Peter Gutierrez, Agri-Mark, Inc., Onalaska, WI, for donation of whey protein concentrate and whey permeate used in this experiment. 2 Food Animal Health and Management Center. 59

2 treatment. All pigs were fed phase 1 treatment diets from weaning to d 14 after weaning. There were five experimental diets: negative control with no specialty protein sources, and control diet with 2.5% SDAP, 5.0% SDAP, 2.5% WPC, or 5.0% WPC. All pigs were then fed the same common phase 2 diet from d 14 to 27 after weaning. All diets were fed in meal form (Table 1). Phase 1 (d 0 to 14 after weaning) diets were formulated to contain % lysine, 0.85% Ca, and 0.50% available phosphorus. Phase 2 (d 14 to 27 after weaning) diets were formulated to contain 1.45% lysine, 0.82% Ca, and 0.45% available phosphorus. The trial was conducted in an environmentally controlled nursery facility at the Kansas State University Swine Teaching and Research Center. Each pen was 5 5 ft and contained one self-feeder and one nipple waterer to provide ad libitum access to feed and water. Pigs and feeders were weighed on d 7, 14, and 27 after weaning to determine ADG, ADFI, and. Data were analyzed as a randomized completeblock design, with pen as the experimental unit. Analysis of variance was performed by using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Results and Discussion (linear, P<0). Increasing WPC had no effect on ADG or ADFI (P>0.10) and tended to increase (P<0). From d 14 to 27, pigs previously fed diets containing SDAP tended to have poorer (quadratic, P<0.09). No differences were observed in ADG or ADFI (P>0.18). Pigs previously fed diets containing WPC did not have improved growth performance compared with pigs previously fed diets containing SDAP. Overall (d 0 to 27 after weaning), increasing SDAP from d 0 to 14 increased ADG (linear, P<0) and tended to increase ADFI (linear, P<0.11). Increasing WPC did not have an effect on ADG or ADFI. Also, pigs fed diets containing SDAP from d 0 to 14 tended to have improved (P<0.12) compared with pigs fed WPC. In conclusion, pigs fed diets containing SDAP had improved growth performance, whereas those fed WPC did not. This is in contradiction to previously reported data with pigs fed WPC, but the source of WPC used in this trial was different than in earlier studies. This may be an indication of product variation and differences in manufacturing processes between sources. From d 0 to 7, 7 to 14, and 0 to 14, increasing SDAP increased ADG and ADFI 60

3 Table 1. Analyzed Nutrient Composition of Ingredients (As-fed Basis) a Nutrient Whey Protein Concentrate Spray-Dried Animal Plasma DM, % CP, % Ash, % Amino Acids, % Arginine 2 4 Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Valine Alanine Aspartic acid Cysteine Glutamic acid Glycine 2.76 Proline Serine Tyrosine a Values represent the means of one sample for each ingredient, analyzed in duplicate. 61

4 Table 2. Diet Composition (As-fed Basis) Phase 1 a SDAP c WPC d Ingredient, % Control 2.50 % 5.00 % 2.50% 5.00 % Phase 2 b Corn Soybean meal, 46.5% CP Spray dried whey Spray dried animal plasma Whey protein concentrate Whey permeate Select menhaden fish meal Soy oil Monocalcium phosphate, 21% P Limestone Salt Vitamin premix Trace mineral premix Zinc oxide Neo-Terramycin L-Threonine Lysine HCl DL -Methionine TOTAL Calculated Analysis Total lysine, % 1.45 ME, kcal/lb 1,483 1,490 1,496 1,482 1,482 1,458 CP, % Ca, % P, % Available P, % a Phase 1 fed from d 0 to 14 post-weaning. b Phase 2 fed from d 14 to 28 post-weaning. c Spray-dried animal plasma. d Whey protein concentrate. 62

5 Table 3. Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs Fed either Spray-dried Animal Plasma or Whey Protein Concentrate a Probability, P < SDAP b WPC c SDAP b WPC c Item Control 2.50% 5.00% 2.50% 5.00% Linear Quadratic Linear Quadratic SDAP vs WPC SE Day 0 to 7 Day 7 to 14 Day 0 to 14 Day 14 to 27 Day 0 to a A total of 180 weanling pigs (initially 13.7 lb and 21 ± 3 d of age), with six pigs per pen and six pens per treatment. b Spray-dried animal plasma. c Whey protein concentrate. 63