Residues of plant protection products in non-target arthropods: What does a semi-field approach tell?

Transcription

1 SETAC Meeting Den Haag Residues of plant protection products in non-target arthropods: What does a semi-field approach tell? Thomas Schmidt, Marco Candolfi, Markus Diehl, Alexander Krainz, Andreas Wais & Stefan Wolf RCC Ltd Zelgliweg 1, CH-5-Itingen Switzerland 1/15 1/

2 SETAC Meeting Den Haag Bird Risk Assessment under EU Guidance (SANCO/15/ from September ) Laboratory Testing: Feeding of Birds on Treated Food Items Field Testing: Residues of Plant Protection Products in/on Arthropods as Potential Food Field application rate Daily Dietary Dose Sampling of many insect species Different sampling methods high ecological relevance /15/

3 SETAC Meeting Den Haag Field Studies: Residues of Plant Protection Products in/on arthropods Bird Risk Assessment Specific requirements: Use of specific insect species High number of replicates Sufficient biomass for residue analysis Semi-Field Studies: Residues of Plant Protection Products in/on caged arthropods 3/153/

4 SETAC Meeting Den Haag 3- plastic containers ( x x 19 cm, x 35 x cm) Filling with bare soil or vegetation (Day -1) Introducing test organisms (Day -1) /15/

5 SETAC Meeting Den Haag Brown cricket (Acheta domestica) Saltatoria: Gryllidae Beetle larvae (Zophobas spec.) Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae Bird-cherry aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) Homoptera: Aphidae Ground beetle (Poecilus cupreus) Coleoptera: Carabidae Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae 5/155/

6 SETAC Meeting Den Haag Application Samplings for residue analysis Day /15/

7 SETAC Meeting Den Haag Test substance X Y Test species Substrate Exposure conditions Crickets Black beetle larvae Carabid beetles Exposure period 1 days natural soil field 15 days 3 1 days Crickets natural soil + grass field 7 days Black beetle larvae natural soil n Z Crickets Mealworms artificial soil protected against Bird-cherry aphids artificial soil + rain barley 1 days 37 7/157/

8 SETAC Meeting Den Haag 1 Substance X: crickets 1 Substance X: Zophobas Substance X: Poecilus = residues per unit dose mg / kg fresh weight (standardised to 1 g a.i. per ha) 1 /15/

9 SETAC Meeting Den Haag 1 Substance Y: crickets 1 Substance Y: Zophobas = residues per unit dose 9/159/

10 SETAC Meeting Den Haag 15 Substance Z: crickets 15 Substance Z: mealworms Substance Z: aphids = residues per unit dose 1 1/15 1/

11 SETAC Meeting Den Haag 1 Substance X: crickets 1 Substance X: Zophobas 1 Substance X: Poecilus Residues vary dependent on test substance Substance Y: crickets Substance Y: Zophobas Substance Z: crickets Substance Z: mealworms Substance Z: aphids Residues vary dependent on test species 11/15 11/

12 SETAC Meeting Den Haag Substance X Substance Y Substance Z ss df F p ss df F p ss df F p species < < <.1 sampling date species x sampling date < < < < < <.1 model < < <.1 overall variability R 5.7% 5.% 9.3% ss: sum of squares df: degrees of freedom F: F-value of ANOVA statistics p: level of statistical significance 1/15 1/

13 SETAC Meeting Den Haag Normal exposure at application Forced exposure at application Day -1: Soil not modifed Introduction of test organisms Day : Spray application Test organisms in soil 5 Day -1: Soil compressed Introduction of test organisms Day : Spray application Test organisms on soil After application soil de-compressed Different exposures for Zophobas spec. "forced" exposure "normal" exposure /15 13/

14 SETAC Meeting Den Haag tree 1 3 Zophobas Poecilus Acheta Control 1 Control 5 m Residues from arthropods within and outside the test cages,51 gate m hours after application hours after application mainly P. rufipes (Carabidae),3,3,, 1,1,7,7 n = n = n = 5 n = 5 n = 5 n = 5 n = 5 n = 5 traps crickets Poecilus Zophobas 1/15 1/

15 SETAC Meeting Den Haag Our semi-field test design for assessing the risk of residues as potential food for birds allows a high number of replicates provides sufficient biomass for residue analysis can answer specific questions concerning exposure and individual test species 15/15 15/