Appendix. I. Map of former Car Doctors site. Soil for the greenhouse study was collected in the area indicated by the arrow.

Transcription

1 Appendix I. Map of former Car Doctors site. Soil for the greenhouse study was collected in the area indicated by the arrow. 73

2 II. Photo of former Car Doctors site. Site, facing Burlington Drive, before remediation. 74

3 III. Field Study plots. III.A. Plots after compost application. 75

4 III.B. Soil being harvested from plots. 76

5 IV. Photos from greenhouse study. IV.A. Ryegrass (MF soil treatment), 30 d. 77

6 IV.B. Red clover (control), 30 d. 78

7 IV.C. Sunflower (CB), 30 d. 79

8 IV.D. Ryegrass (control) ( left) and control, 90 d. 80

9 IV.E. Red clover (control), 90 d. 81

10 IV.F. Sunflower (control), 90 d. 82

11 V. Details of Statistical Analyses. V.A. Multivariate analysis of 90 d soil chemical and physical properties; plant and soil treatment as fixed factor. Between-Subjects Factors* Source Value Label N Ryegrass with CB 4 Ryegrass with MF 4 Ryegrass with CB+MF 4 Ryegrass Control 4 Red clover with CB 4 Red clover with MF 4 Plant and soil treatment Red clover with CB+MF 4 Total Red clover Control 4 Sunflower with CB 4 Sunflower with MF 4 Sunflower with CB+MF 4 Sunflower Control 4 No plant with CB 4 No plant with MF 4 No plant with CB+MF 4 No plant Control 4 64 Between-Subjects Factors* = Configuration used for subsequent multivariate soil, above-ground plant, and root statistics. 83

12 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Dependent Type III Sum df Mean Square F Sig. Variable of Squares ph TOC NO NH K Plant and Cd soil Cu treatment Cr Ni Pb Zn a. R Squared = b. R Squared = c. R Squared = d. R Squared =0.626 e. R Squared = f. R Squared = g. R Squared = h. R Squared = i. R Squared = j. R Squared = k. R Squared = Multivariate Tests Effect Value F Hypothesis df Error df Sig. Pillai s Plant and soil treatment Wilk s Lambda Hotelling s Roy s Largest Root

13 V.B. Linear Regression analysis of 90 d soil chemical and physical properties; control soil as constant. Model Summary Dependent Variable R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate ph TOC NO 3 + NH K Cd Cu Cr Ni Pb Zn

14 Dependent Variable Model Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients Standardized Coefficients B Std. Error Beta ph (Constant) Ryegrass Red clover Sunflower TOC (Constant) Ryegrass Red clover Sunflower NO 3 (Constant) Ryegrass Red clover Sunflower NH 4 (Constant) Ryegrass Red clover Sunflower K (Constant) Ryegrass Red clover Sunflower Cd (Constant) Ryegrass Red clover Sunflower Cu (Constant) Ryegrass Red clover Sunflower Cr (Constant) Ryegrass Red clover Sunflower Ni (Constant) Ryegrass Red clover Sunflower Pb (Constant) Ryegrass Red clover Sunflower Zn (Constant) Ryegrass Red clover Sunflower t Sig. 86

15 V.C. Multivariate analysis of 30 d and 90 d soil chemical properties; plant and soil treatment, 30 d and 90 d as fixed factors. Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Dependent Type III Sum df Mean Square F Sig. Variable of Squares Plant and ph soil - NO treatment + NH a. R Squared = b. R Squared = c. R Squared = Multivariate Tests Effect Value F Hypothesis df Error df Sig. Pillai s Plant and soil treatment Wilk s Lambda Hotelling s Roy s Largest Root

16 V.D. Multivariate analysis of 30 d and 90 d above-ground plant biomass metal concentrations; plant and soil treatment, 30 d and 90 d as fixed factors. Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Dependent Type III Sum df Mean Square F Sig. Variable of Squares Cd Plant and Cu soil Cr treatment Ni Pb Zn a. R Squared = b. R Squared = c. R Squared = d. R Squared =0.199 e. R Squared = f. R Squared = Multivariate Tests Effect Value F Hypothesis df Error df Sig. Pillai s Plant and soil treatment Wilk s Lambda Hotelling s Roy s Largest Root

17 V.E. Linear regression analysis of 30 d and 90 d above-ground plant biomass metal concentrations; ryegrass plants as constant. Model Summary Dependent Variable R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Cd Cu Cr Ni Pb Zn Dependent Variable Model Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients Standardized Coefficients B Std. Error Beta Cd (Constant) Red clover Sunflower Growth days Cu (Constant) Red clover Sunflower Growth days Cr (Constant) Red clover Sunflower Growth days Ni (Constant) Red clover Sunflower Growth days Pb (Constant) Red clover Sunflower Growth days Zn (Constant) Red clover Sunflower Growth days t Sig. 89

18 V.F. Multivariate analysis of 90 d plant roots metal concentrations; plant and soil treatment as fixed factor. Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Dependent Type III Sum df Mean Square F Sig. Variable of Squares Cd Plant and Cu soil Cr treatment Ni Pb Zn a. R Squared = b. R Squared = c. R Squared = d. R Squared =0.652 e. R Squared = f. R Squared = Multivariate Tests Effect Value F Hypothesis df Error df Sig. Pillai s Plant and soil treatment Wilk s Lambda Hotelling s Roy s Largest Root

19 V.G. Linear regression analysis of 90 d plant roots metal concentrations; sunflower roots as constant. Model Summary Dependent Variable R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Cd Cu Cr Ni Pb Zn Dependent Variable Model Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients Standardized Coefficients B Std. Error Beta Cd (Constant) Red clover Ryegrass Cu (Constant) Red clover Ryegrass Cr (Constant) Red clover Ryegrass Ni (Constant) Red clover Ryegrass Pb (Constant) Red clover Ryegrass Zn (Constant) Red clover Ryegrass t Sig. 91

20 V.H. Multivariate analysis of field study soil metal concentrations against greenhouse study soil metal concentrations; ryegrass with CB as fixed factor. Between-Subjects Factors* Source Value Label N Ryegrass with CB Greenhouse study soil metals 4 Field study soil metals 4 Total 8 Between-Subjects Factors* = Configuration used for subsequent above-ground biomass metal concentrations. Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Dependent Type III Sum df Mean Square F Sig. Variable of Squares Cd Cu Ryegrass Cr with CB Ni Pb Zn a. R Squared = b. R Squared = c. R Squared = d. R Squared =0.256 e. R Squared = f. R Squared = Multivariate Tests Effect Value F Hypothesis df Error df Sig. Pillai s Plant and soil treatment Wilk s Lambda Hotelling s Roy s Largest Root

21 V.I. Multivariate analysis of field study above-ground ryegrass biomass metal concentrations against greenhouse study above-ground ryegrass biomass metal concentrations; ryegrass with CB as fixed factor. Between-Subjects Factors* Source Value Label N Ryegrass with CB Greenhouse study soil metals 4 Field study soil metals 4 Total 8 Between-Subjects Factors* = Configuration used for subsequent above-ground biomass metal concentrations. Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Dependent Type III Sum df Mean Square F Sig. Variable of Squares Cd Cu Ryegrass Cr with CB Ni Pb Zn a. R Squared = b. R Squared = c. R Squared = d. R Squared =0.259 e. R Squared = f. R Squared = Multivariate Tests Effect Value F Hypothesis df Error df Sig. Pillai s Plant and soil treatment Wilk s Lambda Hotelling s Roy s Largest Root