Making Good Food GREAT! Umami and the Maillard Reaction. Presented by: J.J. Molina, Executive Chef

Transcription

1 Making Good Food GREAT! Umami and the Maillard Reaction Presented by: J.J. Molina, Executive Chef

2 Umami *Pronounced (OO-mommy) Japanese term for the 5 th Taste, along with Sweet, Sour, Bitter, and Acid. It can be translated to mean savory or deliciousness.

3 The Maillard Reaction Pronounced (my-yar) This is a chemical reaction between amino acids and a reducing sugar, usually requiring heat. In the food service industry, Maillard is responsible for great, highly desired dishes. The Maillard Reaction is responsible for many of our favorite flavors and aromas, including toasted bread, malted barley (beer), maple syrup, roasted/seared meat, roasted coffee, and chocolate.

4 Umami In the early 1900 s, Japanese scientists worked with cooks on a project to define what was long thought of as a fifth taste. The classic four tastes are salty, sweet, acid, and bitter. This taste was described as umami, and was defined as deliciousness, brothy, meaty, or savory.

5 Umami, cont d. Glutamic acid and its ions and salts, called glutamates, are flavor-enhancing compounds which provide and umami (savory) taste to food. Glutamic acid is a natural constituent of many fermented or aged foods, including soy sauce, fermented bean paste, and cheese. It is also a component of hydrolyzed protein such as yeast extract. The solitary salt of glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate, or MSG, is a widely-used additive in the food industry.

6 Umami, cont d. The specific source of umami flavor is L-Glutamate This discovery made possible the invention of MSG, which was used for decades as a simple way of adding umami flavor to dishes. But, it is much more useful to know which foods contain L-Glutamate in large quantities, and thus enhance other foods if used correctly.

7 A Few Umami Ingredients: Miso Beef Broth Parmesan Cheese Anchovy Paste Vegemite Tuna Seaweed Oysters Maple Syrup Soy Sauce Tomato Ketchup Sauerkraut Bleu Cheese Shiitake Mushrooms Crimini Mushrooms Sweet Potatoes Tomato Juice Sardines Squid Corn Green Tea Corn Green Tea Cabbage Cured Ham Onions Grapes Marmite Swiss Cheese Spinach Bonito Flakes Beef Cheddar Potatoes Kiwi Avocado

8 Concentrating Flavors Taking umami ingredients, such as tomatoes, beef stock, wine, and cooking then down as a reduction will intensify the flavors. Mixing different umami ingredients, such as mushrooms, broth, and cheeses, will intensify the flavors. Examples of the concentrated umami flavors include ketchup, demi glace, chutney, Worcestershire Sauce, and A-1 steak sauce. The more you understand umami, the better and more intense your flavors will be.

9 French Onion Soup 2 pounds sliced onions 8 ounces small sliced shallots 1 tablespoon olive oil 4 ounces Sherry wine 2 quarts beef broth 2 quarts chicken broth 1 teaspoon Worcestershire Sauce 1 teaspoon Ketchup or tomato sauce 32 slices French or Italian Bread 2 pounds Swiss cheese. Shredded 8 ounces Parmesan Cheese (makes about 24 servings)

10 French Onion Soup, cont d. In a heavy pan, heat the onions at medium to high heat until they are completely browned (Maillard). This will take about minutes. When they have been well-browned, add the shallots and turn up the heat, getting some good color at the end. Let the pan cool, and add the wine (umami). Raise the heat and deglaze the pan. Add the broths (umami), bring to a boil. Have the heat on one side, skim the surface on the other side of the pan. Add the Worcestershire Sauce and Ketchup (umami), and bring to a boil. Check the seasonings do not salt at all. Put into a stainless steel container, cool, and refrigerate. Reheat the next day, or up to 4 days later.

11 French Onion Soup, cont d. Slice the crusty (Maillard) French bread very thin - as thin as a pencil. Allow to dry for at least 3 days, so it s not only crispy, it will crack if handled. Ladle the soup into a crock and make a very thin layer of bread on top. Sprinkle the Swiss and Parmesan cheese mixture (umami) evenly on top. Place under into a very hot broiler, until browned (Maillard) and bubbling, and serve right away.

12 Heart Health Chef Demo with Executive Chef JJ Molina

13 Heart disease is the leading cause of death in men and women in the United States and is largely preventable by healthy lifestyle choices.

14 Risk factors for heart disease include Heart Disease Family History High Cholesterol Levels (High LDL, Low HDL)* High Blood Pressure (Above 140/90)* Diabetes* Smoking or tobacco use* Unhealthy Diet* Sedentary Lifestyle* Overweight/ Obesity* Alcohol consumption* *Can be improved by healthy lifestyle habits

15 The Key to a Healthy Heart Heart health comes from a combination of a well balanced diet, regular exercise, and knowing your health numbers.

16 What is a balanced diet? Limit fat, sodium, and dietary cholesterol (found in red meat and high fat dairy sources) Focus on a more high fiber plant based diet, with meat playing a smaller role Sodium: Less than 1,500 mg a day Saturated fat: Less than 7% of total energy intake Sugar-sweetened beverages: No more than 450 calories (36 ounces) a week Eat More: Fish (Omega-3 Fatty Acids or good fat ), fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans

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18 Regular Exercise Routine To maintain weight: Work your way up to 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, or an equivalent mix of the two each week. To lose weight: Regular physical activity will work in conjunction with a well adjusted diet and reduce the amount of calories you're eating and drinking. Getting to and staying at a healthy weight requires both regular physical activity and a healthy eating plan.

19 Exercise Intensity- Moderate Moderate intensity- while performing the activity, your breathing and heart rate are noticeably faster, but you can still carry a conversation. Some examples might be: Walking briskly (about a 15 minute mile) Light yard work (raking/bagging leaves, using a lawn mower) Light snow shoveling Actively playing with children Biking at a casual pace

20 Exercise Intensity- Vigorous Vigorous intensity- heart rate is increased substantially and you are breathing too hard and fast to carry a conversation. Some examples might be: Jogging/running Swimming laps Rollerblading/inline skating at a brisk pace Cross-country skiing Most competitive sports (football, basketball, soccer) Jumping rope

21 Moderate Physical Activity Calories Used per Hour in Common Physical Activities Approximate Calories/30 Minutes for a 154 lb Person 1 Approximate Calories/Hr for a 154 lb Person 1 Hiking Light gardening/yard work Dancing Golf (walking and carrying clubs) Bicycling (<10 mph) Walking (3.5 mph) Weight lifting (general light workout) Stretching Vigorous Physical Activity Approximate Calories/30 Minutes for a 154 lb Approximate Calories/Hr for a 154 lb Person 1 Person 1 Running/jogging (5 mph) Bicycling (>10 mph) Swimming (slow freestyle laps) Aerobics Walking (4.5 mph) Heavy yard work (chopping wood) Weight lifting (vigorous effort) Basketball (vigorous) * Calories burned per hour will be higher for persons who weigh more than 154 lbs (70 kg) and lower for persons who weigh less.

22 Know your Numbers- Body Mass Index Body Mass Index (BMI): Calculated based on height and weight Calculate your BMI at ult_bmi/english_bmi_calculator/bmi_calculator.html Less than underweight healthy weight overweight Above 30 - obese

23 The Problem with BMI BMI is a useful tool for getting a general idea of where you re at, but is not necessarily indicative of health or body fatness.

24 Know your Numbers- Waist Circumference Higher waist circumference is associated with increased risk of heart disease You are at higher risk if you are: A man who s waist circumference is greater than 40 inches. A woman who s waist circumference is greater than 35 inches. Do it at home: To measure your waist size (circumference), place a tape measure around your bare abdomen just above your hip bone. Be sure that the tape is snug, but does not compress your skin, and is parallel to the floor. Relax, exhale, and measure your waist.

25 Visit your doctor regularly and make sure to keep track of your blood pressure, blood cholesterol, blood sugar, and body weight.

26 Prevalence of heart disease is increasing drastically in the U.S. Do your part to stop it by improving your lifestyle

27 For More Information Visit the American Heart Association online at