The Language Of Medicine
|
|
- Isaac Wiggins
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Language Of Medicine 10 th edition Davi-Ellen Chabner Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1
2 Chapter 5 Digestive System Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2
3 Chapter Goals Name the organs of the digestive system and describe their locations and functions. Define combining forms for organs and know the meaning of related terminology. Describe signs, symptoms, and disease conditions affecting the digestive system. Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3
4 Chapter 5 Lesson 5.1 Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4
5 Introduction The digestive or gastrointestinal system performs four main functions: ingestion digestion absorption elimination Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5
6 Introduction: Ingestion and Digestion Ingestion food material taken into mouth Digestion food is broken down, mechanically and chemically, as it travels through the gastrointestinal tract. Digestive enzymes aid the breakdown of complex nutrients. Proteins amino acids Sugars glucose Fats fatty acids or triglycerides Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6
7 Introduction: Absorption Digested food passes into the bloodstream through lining cells of the small intestine. Nutrients travel to all cells of the body. Cells burn nutrients to release the energy stored in food. Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7
8 Introduction: Elimination The body eliminates solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into bloodstream. The large intestine concentrates feces. The wastes pass out of the body through the anus. Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8
9 Organs of the Digestive System The gastrointestinal tract begins with the oral cavity. Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9
10 Oral Cavity Major parts of the oral cavity Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10
11 Oral Cavity (cont d) Major parts of the oral cavity Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11
12 Oral Cavity (cont d) Upper permanent teeth within the dental arch Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 12
13 Oral Cavity (cont d) Upper permanent teeth within the dental arch Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 13
14 Oral Cavity (cont d) Anatomy of a tooth Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14
15 Oral Cavity (cont d) Anatomy of a tooth Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15
16 Salivary glands Oral Cavity (cont d) Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16
17 Pharynx Deglutition Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17
18 Pharynx (cont d) Deglutition Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 18
19 Esophagus/Stomach Parts of the stomach Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 19
20 Esophagus/Stomach (cont d) Parts of the stomach Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 20
21 The Digestive Tract Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 21
22 The Digestive Tract (cont d) Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 22
23 Small Intestine Villi in the lining of the small intestine Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 23
24 Large Intestine Parts of the large intestine Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 24
25 Large Intestine (cont d) Parts of the large intestine Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 25
26 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Parts of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 26
27 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas (cont d) Parts of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 27
28 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas (cont d) Besides producing bile, the liver: Helps maintain normal blood glucose levels Manufactures blood proteins necessary for clotting Releases bilirubin, a pigment in bile Removes toxins and poisons from the blood Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 28
29 QUICK QUIZ: 1. What happens if bilirubin cannot leave the body and remains in the bloodstream? A. Gluconeogenesis B. Emulsification C. Hyperbilirubinemia D. Glycogenolysis Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 29
30 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas The pancreas and its functions Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 30
31 Food Pathway through the GI Tract Food enters through the oral cavity and exits through the anus Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 31
32 Food Pathway through the GI Tract Food enters through the oral cavity and exits through the anus (cont d) Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 32
33 QUICK QUIZ: 2. Which term is the first part of the large intestine? A. Cecum B. Duodenum C. Jejunum D. Pylorus Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 33
34 QUICK QUIZ: (cont d) 3. Which term means swallowing? A. Mastication B. Deglutition C. Emulsification D. Peristalsis Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 34
35 Vocabulary absorption Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream amino acids Small building blocks of proteins; released when proteins are digested amylase Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch anus Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of body Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 35
36 Vocabulary (cont d) appendix Blind pouch hanging from the cecum bile bilirubin bowel Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; breaks up large fat globules; composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts Pigment released by the liver in bile Intestine Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 36
37 Vocabulary (cont d) canine teeth Pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors; also called cuspids or eyeteeth cecum First part of the large intestine colon Consists of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments common bile duct Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum; also called the choledochus Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 37
38 Vocabulary (cont d) defecation deglutition Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus Swallowing dentin digestion Primary material found in teeth; covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 38
39 Vocabulary (cont d) duodenum elimination First part of the small intestine; measures 12 inches long Act of removal of materials from the body emulsification enamel Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules Hard, outermost layer of a tooth Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 39
40 Vocabulary (cont d) enzyme esophagus Chemical that speeds up reactions between substances; enzyme names end in ase Tube connecting the throat to the stomach fatty acids feces Substances produced when fats are digested; a category of lipids Solid wastes; stool Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 40
41 Vocabulary (cont d) gallbladder Small sac under the liver; stores bile glucose Simple sugar glycogen Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells hydrochloric acid Substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 41
42 Vocabulary (cont d) ileum Third part of the small intestine incisor One of four front teeth in the dental arch insulin Hormone produced by endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver jejunum Second part of the small intestine Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 42
43 Vocabulary (cont d) lipase Pancreatic enzyme needed to digest fats liver lower esophageal sphincter (LES) Large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen; secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out RBCs; filters out toxins; normal adult liver weighs about 2 ½ to 3 pounds Ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach; cardiac sphincter Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 43
44 Vocabulary (cont d) mastication Chewing molar teeth Sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch palate Roof of the mouth pancreas Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 44
45 Vocabulary (cont d) papillae (singular: papilla) parotid gland peristalsis Small, nipple-like elevations on the tongue Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs pharynx Throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 45
46 Vocabulary (cont d) portal vein protease Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines Enzyme that digests protein pulp pyloric sphincter Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum; opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 46
47 Vocabulary (cont d) pylorus rectum Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus rugae saliva Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach Digestive juice produced by salivary glands; contains the enzyme amylase Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 47
48 Vocabulary (cont d) salivary glands Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands sigmoid colon sphincter stomach Fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 48
49 Vocabulary (cont d) triglycerides Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol; subgroup of lipids uvula Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate villi (singular: villus) Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 49
50 Terminology Combining Forms Parts of the Body Combining Form an/o append/o, appendic/o bucc/o cec/o celi/o cheil/o cholecyst/o choledoch/o Meaning anus appendix cheek cecum belly,abdomen lip gallbladder common bile duct Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 50
51 Combining Form Terminology Combining Forms Parts of the Body (cont d) Meaning col/o colon colon/o colon dent/i tooth duoden/o duodenum enter/o intestines, usually small intestine esophag/o esophagus faci/o face gastr/o stomach gingiv/o gums Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 51
52 Terminology Combining Forms Parts of the Body (cont d) Combining Form Meaning gloss/o tongue hepat/o liver ile/o ileum jejun/o jejunum labi/o lip lapar/o abdomen lingu/o tongue mandibul/o lower jaw, mandible odont/o tooth Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 52
53 Terminology Combining Forms Parts of the Body (cont d) Combining Form Meaning or/o mouth palat/o palate pancreat/o pancreas peritone/o peritoneum pharyng/o throat proct/o anus and rectum pylor/o pyloric sphincter rect/o rectum sialaden/o salivary gland Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 53
54 Terminology Combining Forms Parts of the Body (cont d) Combining Form sigmoid/o stomat/o uvul/o Meaning sigmoid colon mouth uvula Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 54
55 Terminology Combining Forms Substances Combining Form amyl/o bil/i bilirubin/o chol/e chlorhydr/o gluc/o glyc/o Meaning starch gall, bile bilirubin (bile pigment) gall or bile hydrochloric acid sugar sugar Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 55
56 Terminology Combining Forms Substances (cont d) Combining Form glycogen/o lip/o lith/o prote/o py/o sial/o steat/o Meaning glycogen, animal starch fat stone protein pus saliva, salivary fat Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 56
57 Terminology Suffixes Suffix -ase -chezia -iasis -prandial Meaning enzyme defecation, elimination of wastes abnormal condition meal Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 57
58 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Terminology (cont d) Three types of anastomoses Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 58
59 QUICK QUIZ: 4. Which term means inflammation of the lip? A. Cholecystitis B. Celiac C. Appendicitis D. Cheilitis Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 59
60 Chapter 5 Lesson 5.2 Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 60
61 Pathology of the Digestive System Signs and symptoms Anorexia lack of appetite Ascites abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen Borborygmus (plural: borborygmi) rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract Constipation difficulty in passing stools Diarrhea frequent passage of loose, watery stools Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 61
62 Pathology of the Digestive System (cont d) Dysphagia difficulty in swallowing Eructation gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth Flatus gas expelled through the anus Hematochezia passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum Jaundice (icterus) yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 62
63 Pathology of the Digestive System (cont d) Melena black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood Nausea unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit Steatorrhea fat in the feces; frothy, foulsmelling fecal matter Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 63
64 Pathologic Conditions Oral Cavity and Teeth Aphthous stomatitis inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers Dental caries tooth decay Herpetic stomatitis inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpes virus Oral leukoplakia white plaques or patches Periodontal disease inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth and surrounding bone Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 64
65 Pathologic Conditions Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Achalasia failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 65
66 Pathologic Conditions Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Esophageal cancer malignant tumor of the esophagus Esophageal varices swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus Gastric carcinoma malignant tumor of the stomach Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 66
67 Pathologic Conditions Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 67
68 Pathologic Conditions Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (cont d) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach Peptic ulcer open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 68
69 Pathologic Conditions Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (cont d) Hernia protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 69
70 Pathologic Conditions Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Small and Large Intestines Anal fistula abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus Colonic polyposis polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 70
71 Pathologic Conditions Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Small and Large Intestines (cont d) Colorectal cancer adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 71
72 Pathologic Conditions Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Small and Large Intestines (cont d) Crohn disease chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract Diverticulosis abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 72
73 Pathologic Conditions Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Small and Large Intestines (cont d) Dysentery painful, inflamed intestines Hemorrhoids swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region Ileus failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) inflammation of the colon and small intestine Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 73
74 Pathologic Conditions Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Small and Large Intestines (cont d) Intussusception telescoping of the intestines IBS irritable bowel syndrome group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension Ulcerative colitis chronic inflammation of the colon with the presence of ulcers Volvulus twisting of the intestines on itself Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 74
75 Pathologic Conditions Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Cirrhosis chronic degenerative disease of the liver Pancreatic cancer malignant tumor of the pancreas Pancreatitis inflammation of the pancreas Viral hepatitis inflammation of the liver caused by a virus Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 75
76 Pathologic Conditions Liver Gallbladder, and Pancreas (cont d) Cholelithiasis gallstones in the gallbladder Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 76
Chabner: The Language of Medicine, 11 th Edition
Answers to Pronunciation of Terms 5-1 Chabner: The Language of Medicine, 11 th Edition Answers to Pronunciation of Terms Chapter 5: Digestive System Vocabulary and Terminology absorption achlorhydria amino
More informationThe Digestive System. Chapter 25
The Digestive System Chapter 25 Introduction Structure of the digestive system A tube that extends from mouth to anus Accessory organs are attached Functions include Ingestion Movement Digestion Absorption
More informationThe Digestive System
The Digestive System Combining Forms Append/o appendix Hepat/o liver Appendic/o appendix Lingu/o tongue Col/o colon Myc/o fungus Dent/o teeth Odont/o teeth Enter/o intestine Or/o mouth Esophag/o esophagus
More informationThe Digestive System. Chapter
The Digestive System Chapter 15.1 Functions: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food *absorption of nutrients Consists of alimentary canal and accessory organs Wall of the Alimentary Canal 15.2 Characteristics
More informationDigestive System. Unit 6.11 (6 th Edition) Chapter 7.11 (7 th Edition)
Digestive System Unit 6.11 (6 th Edition) Chapter 7.11 (7 th Edition) 1 Learning Objectives Identify the major organs of the digestive system. Explain the locations and functions of three organs in the
More information- Digestion occurs during periods of low activity - Produces more energy than it uses. 3 Copyright 2016 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction Digestive System Chapter 29 Provides processes to break down molecules into a state easily used by cells - A disassembly line: Starts at the mouth and ends at the anus Digestive functions
More informationThe Digestive System. Chapter 16. Introduction. Overview of Digestive System. Histological Organization. Movement and Mixing of Digestive Materials
The Digestive System Chapter 16 Introduction Structure of the digestive system A tube that extends from mouth to anus Accessory organs are attached Functions include Ingestion Movement Digestion Absorption
More informationANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ONLINE COURSE - SESSION 13 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ONLINE COURSE - SESSION 13 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The digestive system also known as the alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract consists of a series of hollow organs joined in a
More information- Digestion occurs during periods of low activity - Produces more energy than it uses. - Mucosa
Introduction Digestive System Chapter 29 Provides processes to break down molecules into a state easily used by cells - A disassembly line: Starts at the mouth and ends at the anus Digestive functions
More informationDigestive System. Digestive System. Digestion is the process of reducing food to small molecules that can be absorbed into the body.
Digestive System Digestion is the process of reducing food to small molecules that can be absorbed into the body. 2 Types of Digestion Mechanical digestion physical breakdown of food into small particles
More information3/16/2016. Food--mixture of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
Food--mixture of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids Food being broken down into small molecules Takes place in the alimentary canal Complete digestive system 4 layers of tissue (in book) Lumen 1) MECHANICAL/PHYSICAL--
More informationGlencoe Health. Lesson 3 The Digestive System
Glencoe Health Lesson 3 The Digestive System Health espotlight Video BIG IDEA The digestive system provides nutrients and energy for your body through the digestion of food. New Vocabulary mastication
More informationIncludes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus. Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Chapter 14 The Digestive System and Nutrition Digestive System Brings Nutrients Into the Body The digestive system includes Gastrointestinal (GI) tract (hollow tube) Lumen: space within this tube Includes
More informationDigestive System 7/15/2015. Outline Digestive System. Digestive System
Digestive System Biology 105 Lecture 18 Chapter 15 Outline Digestive System I. Functions II. Layers of the GI tract III. Major parts: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
More informationTwo main groups Alimentary canal continuous coiled hollow tube Accessory digestive organs
Digestion Breakdown of ingested food Absorption of nutrients into the blood Metabolism Production of cellular energy (ATP) Constructive and degradative cellular activities Two main groups Alimentary canal
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ
Chapter 5 70 Chapter 5 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ Name: In the box write the letter of the choice that is the definition of the term or best answers the question. There is only one correct
More informationDigestive System Lecture Notes Read Ch 14; review questions start on page 477 S/A # 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 35
The PRINCIPLE structure of the digestive system is the Alimentary Canal (Gastrointestinal Tract) = hollow tube much like a hallway in a home. I. Functions of the Digestive System a. Ingestion: Putting
More informationDIGESTIVE SYSTEM CLASS NOTES. tube along with several
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CLASS NOTES Digestion Breakdown of food and the of nutrients in the bloodstream. Metabolism Production of for and cellular activities. The digestive system is composed of the canal which
More informationORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OBJECTIVES: 1. List and describe the major activities of the digestive system. 2. Identify and give the functions of the organs in and along the digestive tract. MAJOR ACTIVITIES
More informationESSENTIAL QUESTION. What are the structures of the digestive system? THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ESSENTIAL QUESTION What are the structures of the digestive system? THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, AKA. ALIMENTARY CANAL digestive tract or gastrointestinal tract (GI Tract). A 30 ft. tube from
More informationAn overview of the digestive system. mouth pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus
An overview of the digestive system mouth pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus Why GIT? What are the main steps in the digestive process? Ingestion intake of food via the
More informationDigestive System. In one end and out the other.
Digestive System In one end and out the other. Overview Every cell in the body needs nourishment, yet most cells cannot leave their position in the body and travel to a food source, so the food must be
More information1. Three Main Functions. Chapter 19: 2. Two Groups of digestive organs. 2. Two Groups of digestive organs. 1. The Teeth 5/18/2015
1. Three Main Functions Chapter 19: General Structure and Function of the Digestive System Digestion-breakdown of food into small particles for transport to blood Absorption- into bloodstream to take to
More informationChapter 26 The Digestive System
Chapter 26 The Digestive System Digestive System Gastroenterology is the study of the stomach and intestine. Digestion Catabolism Absorption Anabolism The actions of the digestive system are controlled
More informationNutrition and the Digestive System
C H A P T E R 16 Nutrition and the Digestive System OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1. List and describe the five basic activities of the digestive process. 2. List the four
More information1. Three Main Functions. Chapter 19: 2. Two Groups of digestive organs. 2. Two Groups of digestive organs 6/1/2015. The Wall of the Digestive Tract
1. Three Main Functions Chapter 19: General Structure and Function of the Digestive System Digestion-breakdown of food into small particles for transport to blood Absorption- into bloodstream to take to
More informationExercise. Digestive System. Digestive system function. 1. Define the following terms: a. Chemical digestionb. Mechanical digestionc.
Exercise 7 The Digestive System NAME: DATE: INSTRUCTOR: SECTION: Digestive system function 1. Define the following terms: a. Chemical digestionb. Mechanical digestionc. Ingestiond. Digestione. Absorptionf.
More informationKRISHNA TEJA PHARMACY COLLEGE HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Dr.B.Jyothi
KRISHNA TEJA PHARMACY COLLEGE HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Dr.B.Jyothi Prof, Dept. Of Pharmacology KTPC The Digestive System Food undergoes six major processes: 1. Ingestion : process
More informationThe Digestive System. Parts and Functions
The Digestive System Parts and Functions Mechanical Digestion A process of digestion in which food is cut, torn, mashed, and churned into smaller bits. This process starts in the mouth and ends in the
More informationThe Digestive System. Prepares food for use by all body cells.
The Digestive System Prepares food for use by all body cells. Digestion The chemical breakdown of complex biological molecules into their component parts. Lipids to fatty acids Proteins to individual amino
More informationWhat is Digestion? The break down of food into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed and used by the body
Digestive System What is Digestion? The break down of food into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed and used by the body What is Digestion? This involves: Ingestion and propulsion of food along
More informationLearning Targets. The Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract. Also known as the alimentary canal. Hollow series of organs that food passes through
Digestion the multistep process of breaking down food into molecules the body can use Learning Targets Describe the path food takes through the digestive system. Identify the major organs of the digestive
More informationPPL2O Human Digestion The human digestive system is a complex process that consists of breaking down large organic masses into smaller particles that
PPL2O Human Digestion The human digestive system is a complex process that consists of breaking down large organic masses into smaller particles that the body can absorb and use. The breakdown of the nutrients
More informationHuman Biology. Digestive System
Human Biology Digestive System Digestion - Defined Prepares food for use by all body cells The physical and/or chemical breakdown of food Did you know: the average person eats more than 500kg of food per
More informationsaliva, salivary glands
Section IX Digestive System The digestive system refers to the alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract. It consists of organs and glands that break down food products to be used by the body as a source
More informationThe Language Of Medicine
The Language Of Medicine 11 th edition Davi Ellen Chabner Copyright 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Additional Suffixes and Digestive System Terminology Copyright
More informationThe Digestive System
The Digestive System Identify the Structure and Function. Mesentery of the Large Intestine The mesentery functions to connect the visceral organs to the abdominal wall. Identify the Structure. Nasal Cavity
More informationTEST 5. Module 9 & 10
TEST 5 Module 9 & 10 Questions from the GVLS website 1. Heart 2. Blood 3. Blood Vessels 4. Circulation 5. Blood Pressure 6. Respiratory system 7. Lungs 8. Oxygen 9. Carbon Dioxide 10. The heart is made
More informationChapter 9 Digestive System. Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 9 Digestive System Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Points to ponder What are the digestive system structures and their functions? Where
More informationTHE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Composed of two parts: 1. 2. There are 4 main parts of digestion: 1. Ingestion: 2. Digestion: a. Mechanical Digestion: Example: b. Chemical Digestion: Example: 3. Absorption: 4. Egestion:
More informationNURSE-UP DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AKA G.I. SYSTEM
NURSE-UP DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AKA G.I. SYSTEM The digestive system is used for breaking down food into nutrients which then pass into the circulatory system and are taken to where they are needed in the body.
More informationBELLWORK DEFINE: PERISTALSIS CHYME RUGAE Remember the structures of the digestive system 1
BELLWORK DEFINE: PERISTALSIS CHYME RUGAE 2.07 Remember the structures of the digestive system 1 STANDARD 8) Outline basic concepts of normal structure and function of all body systems, and explain how
More informationDigestive System. How your body obtains nutrients. Wednesday, March 2, 16
Digestive System How your body obtains nutrients Vocabulary Ingestion: food enters the system Physical and enzymatic breakdown begins Digestion: Further breakdown Chemical/enzymatic Vocabulary Absorption:
More informationIngestion Digestion- Absorption- Elimination
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1 FUNCTIONS Organization GI tract==mouth anus Accessory organs Salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder Major Functions: Ingestion-mouth, teeth, tongue Digestion- chemical and mechanical
More informationThe Digestive System and Body Metabolism
PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Digestive System and Body Metabolism 14PART C Accessory Digestive Organs Teeth Salivary glands
More informationPrinciples of Anatomy and Physiology
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 14 th Edition CHAPTER 24 The Digestive System Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to Identify the anatomical components of the digestive system as well as their
More informationDIGESTIVE SYSTEM ALIMENTARY CANAL / GI TRACT & ACCESSORY ORGANS. Mar 16 10:34 PM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ALIMENTARY CANAL / GI TRACT & ACCESSORY ORGANS Mar 16 10:34 PM 1 I. Digestive System Functions > Ingestion the taking in of food > Propulsion movement caused by force > Digestion breakdown
More informationLesson Overview The Digestive System
30.3 THINK ABOUT IT The only system in the body that food actually enters is the digestive system. So how does food get to the rest of the body after the process of digestion? Functions of the Digestive
More informationThe Digestive System and Body Metabolism
14 PART C The Digestive System and Body Metabolism PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB
More informationPHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Student Name CHAPTER 26 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM D igestion is the process of breaking down complex nutrients into simpler units suitable for absorption. It involves two major processes: mechanical
More informationDigestive System Notes. Biology - Mrs. Kaye
Digestive System Notes Biology - Mrs. Kaye Digestion There are two kinds of digestion: Mechanical digestion - the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces to increase surface area for more enzyme
More informationDigestive System. Why do we need to eat? Growth Maintenance (repair tissue) Energy
Digestive System Why do we need to eat? Growth Maintenance (repair tissue) Energy Nutrients Nutrient = chemical that must be obtained by an organism from it s environment in order to survive; nutrients
More informationPOGIL Activity on The Digestive System (Let s go Down the Hatch! )
POGIL Activity on The Digestive System (Let s go Down the Hatch! ) Life is organized in the following levels: Chemical Level, Cellular Level, Tissue Level, Organ Level, Organ System Level, and finally,
More informationChapter 8: Digestion. Structure and Functions of Digestive Organs Macronutrients Digestive Enzymes
Chapter 8: Digestion Structure and Functions of Digestive Organs Macronutrients Digestive Enzymes What organisms need Digestion? Heterotrophs - rely on ingestion of organic molecules for production of
More informationTHE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THE FOUR STEPS OF DIGESTION
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM WHAT IS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM? the digestive system is a long, muscular tube The entire system is approximately 9m in length and is usually a one way tract WHY DO WE NEED A DIGESTIVE
More informationLab 5 Digestion and Hormones of Digestion. 7/16/2015 MDufilho 1
Lab 5 Digestion and Hormones of Digestion 1 Figure 23.1 Alimentary canal and related accessory digestive organs. Mouth (oral cavity) Tongue* Parotid gland Sublingual gland Submandibular gland Salivary
More informationDigestive System. What happens to the donut you ate for breakfast this morning?
Digestive System What happens to the donut you ate for breakfast this morning? Free Tutoring and Extra Credit!!! Digestive System: Is the basic process of breaking down the food you eat into individual
More informationHuman Digestive System
3.3.4 Human Digestive System Need to know The functions of the main parts of the alimentary canal and the associated glands Function of teeth. The human dental formula Role of mechanical digestion and
More informationEnamel Dentine Pulp cavity nerves & blood vessels Gums & Bone Crown & root. Tooth type and job. Why do humans have more than one type of tooth?
Tooth type and job Enamel Dentine Pulp cavity nerves & blood vessels Gums & Bone Crown & root Be able to sketch & label this Tooth type and job Why do humans have more than one type of tooth? Omnivores
More informationChapter 14: The Digestive System
Chapter 14: The Digestive System Digestive system consists of Muscular tube (digestive tract) alimentary canal Accessory organs teeth, tongue, glandular organs 6 essential activities 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
More informationDIGESTION SBI 3C: NOVEMBER 2010
DIGESTION SBI 3C: NOVEMBER 2010 DIAGRAM OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Mouth Esophagus Liver Gallbladder Large Intestine Appendix Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Rectum Anus STAGES OF DIGESTION: 1. INGESTION Taking
More informationThe Digestive System
The Digestive System s Big Book of Handouts Digestion and nutrition Specific Learning outcomes B11-2-01: Identify major structures and functions of the human digestive system from a diagram, model, or
More informationChapter 11 The Digestive System. Biology 2201
Chapter 11 The Digestive System Biology 2201 Section 11.1 The chemical Foundation of Digestion All organisms need food, and all foods contain nutrients. Nutrients are the substances that provide the energy
More informationChapter 9. The digestive system. Glossary. Louise McErlean
Chapter 9 The digestive system Louise McErlean Glossary Absorption Process whereby the products of digestion move into the blood or lymph fluid. Acini glands Produce pancreatic juice. Amylase Carbohydrate
More information11/1/2008. The Digestive System. April 2008
Chapter 11 The Digestive System Biology 2201 April 2008 Section 11.1 The chemical Foundation of Digestion All organisms need food, and all foods contain nutrients. Nutrients are the substances that provide
More information1 ANIMALS Digestive System Oral Cavity and Esophagus.notebook January 06, 2016
The Human Digestive System 1 The Human Digestive System 2 You are a tube inside a tube 3 The Digestive System The Four Stages of Food Processing 1. Ingestion the taking in or eating of food 2. Digestion
More informationThe process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood. ABSORPTION AS RELATED TO DIGESTION
ABSORPTION AS RELATED TO DIGESTION The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood. 3 FUNCTIONS OF DIGESTION Breaks down food into molecules the body
More informationThe Human Body: Digestive System
Directions: Fill in the blanks. 1. Digestive System Is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus Carries out digestion which is the process of breaking down food
More informationGASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM Topographic Anatomy of the Abdomen Surface Landmarks Xiphoid process T9/T10 Inferior costal margin L2/L3 Iliac Crest L4 level ASIS L5/S1 level Pubic symphysis level of greater trochanter
More informationa. parotid b. sublingual c. submandibular
Bozeman Science/ Nature The Digestive System Watch the videos, and answer the questions below. Please write your answers in complete sentences, and explain all concepts thoroughly. 1. What are the four
More informationLESSON ASSIGNMENT. After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 6 The Human Digestive System. TEXT ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 6-1 through 6-16. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to: 6-1. Define the human digestive
More informationThe Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy
The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy Certificate of Merit in Anatomy and Physiology W: www.wsbht.co.uk E: holistics@wsbht.co.uk T: 07824 337333 Certificate of Merit in Anatomy and Physiology
More informationB4 NUTRITION 4.3 Animal Nutrition
B4 NUTRITION 4.3 Animal Nutrition 1. State the term balanced diet & describe how balanced diet is related to age, sex & activity of an individual. Balanced diet: A diet that contains all the main nutrients
More informationLecture 2 Digestive System &Nutrition Lecture 3 1. Introduction 2. Digestive System 3. Nutrition Basics
Lecture 2 Digestive System &Nutrition 1 Lecture 3 1. Introduction 2. Digestive System 3. Nutrition Basics 2 1 Introduction Some Ecology 3 Mr. Sun 4 2 Nuclear Fusion 5 Light energy from Sun radiates across
More informationBiology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers
Biology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers Mouth 1. What is the purpose of chewing? a. break food into smaller pieces so there is a greater SA for chemicals to work on. 2. Salivary
More informationWebsite: websites.rcc.edu/halama Lecture 2 Digestive System &Nutrition
Website: websites.rcc.edu/halama Lecture 2 Digestive System &Nutrition 2 1 Lecture 3 1. Introduction 2. Digestive System 3. Nutrition Basics 3 Introduction Some Ecology 4 2 Mr. Sun 5 Nuclear Fusion 6 3
More informationThe Digestive System
Digestive System 1 Name The Digestive System Purpose: To describe how food moves through the digestive system. To identify the parts of the digestive system. Background Information: Food provides us with
More informationI. The Alimentary Canal (GI track)
A. About 9 meters long B. Passes through the ventral cavity. C.Movements of the Tube 1. Mixing movements- smooth muscles contract rhythmically. 2. Propelling movements- a wavelike motion called peristalsis.
More informationThe Digestive System (11.1 and 11.2) Mar 27 9:53 AM. Section 11.1 The chemical Foundation of Digestion
Chapter 11 The Digestive System (11.1 and 11.2) Biology 2201 Section 11.1 The chemical Foundation of Digestion All organisms need food, and all foods contain nutrients. Nutrients are the substances that
More information2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system Essential questions
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system Essential questions What are the functions of the digestive system? How do the functions of chemical and physical digestion interrelate?
More informationAll organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis but needs source of nitrogen
All organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) AUTOTROPHS self feeder makes their own food eg. Plants do not require a digestive tract *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis
More informationBiology 12 - The Digestive System - Chapter Notes
Biology 12 - The Digestive System - Chapter Notes In a nutshell... The body uses a variety of small molecules (amino acids, fatty acids, glucose) for its metabolic needs. Food is mechanically and chemically
More informationCh 7 Nutrition in humans
Ch 7 Nutrition in humans Think about (Ch 7, p.2) 1. The stomach churns food into smaller pieces physically. The stomach wall secretes proteases to chemically digest proteins. It also releases hydrochloric
More informationEnergy, Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
Phosphorylation Hydrolysis Energy, Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Chapter 2 (selections) What is Energy? Energy is the capacity to do work Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Chemical Bond Energy Like a rechargeable
More informationBio 104 Digestive System
13 Lecture Outline: Digestive System Hole s HAP [Chapters 17 & 18] General Characteristics of the Alimentary Canal A. Functions 1. Ingestion 2. Mechanical digestion 3. Chemical digestion 4. Propulsion
More informationAbdomen/o Abdomen Hem/o Blood. Adip/o Fat Hepat/o Liver. Aliment/o To nourish Herni/o Hernia. Amyl/o Starch Hydr/o Fluid; Water. An/o Anus Ile/o Ileum
Abdomen/o Abdomen Hem/o Blood Acu/o Sudden; Sharp; Severe Hemat/o Blood Adip/o Fat Hepat/o Liver Aliment/o To nourish Herni/o Hernia Amyl/o Starch Hydr/o Fluid; Water An/o Anus Ile/o Ileum Bi/o Life Inguin/o
More informationCHAPTER 22: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. Jayda Cortez Kimberly Navarro
CHAPTER 22: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Jayda Cortez Kimberly Navarro Objectives - Describe the functions of the organs that make up the digestive system - Identify and describe the four stages of food processing
More informationLesson 1. Introduction to Body Systems (Machalina song) Nutrition
Lesson 1 Introduction to Body Systems (Machalina song) Nutrition Let s figure out how many body systems there are! Draw a hollow body diagram Draw in each body part as it is mentioned in the song!!! Chorus:
More informationDigestive System Anatomy
Digestive System Anatomy The Process of Digestion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j84pqg 8nf0M Parts of the Digestive System The digestive system begins at the mouth, where food enters the body. The mouth
More informationThe Human Digestive Tract
The Human Digestive Tract The Mouth salivary glands (parotid, sublingual, submaxillary) - produces saliva --->lubricate food ---> dissolves food particles ---> allows us to taste food --->contains amylase
More information2015 SENIOR DIGESTIVE
2015 SENIOR DIGESTIVE EASY 2495 (easy) TH190/HIH705-1 Q: In reference to digestion, describe 2 main functions of the horse's mouth. A: Intake food, chew food, wet food with saliva 2496 (easy) TH93/HIH405-1,2
More informationBiology 12 - Digestion Notes
Biology 12 - Digestion Notes Anatomy Physiology Functions of the Digestive System -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- food (enzymes, bile, HCl) to assist
More informationThe Digestive System
The Digestive System Key words Pharynx oesophagus stomach intestine epiglottis gall bladder Pancreas peristalsis liver enzyme rectum sphincter Pyloric duodenum jejunum ileum bile lipase Amylase trypsin
More informationHuman Nutrition (IGCSE Biology Syllabus )
Human Nutrition (IGCSE Biology Syllabus 2016-2018) o Balanced diet: getting all the right nutrients in correct proportions o Diet related to: - Age - Gender - Activity - Pregnant women o Malnutrition:
More informationDigestive System Processes
Unit 7 Digestive System Processes ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Processes of the Digestive System Ingestion- getting food into the mouth Propulsion- moving foods through the digestive system
More informationNOTES: CH 41 Animal Nutrition & Digestion
NOTES: CH 41 Animal Nutrition & Digestion NUTRITION *Nutrition is the study of nutrients and how the body utilizes them! *ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS: nutrients that human cells cannot synthesize (i.e. certain
More informationAFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still to be used by. broken down. the cells. They MUST be EVEN MORE!!!!!!
Chemical Digestion ***ANSWERS**** Name Period Date AFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still to be used by the cells. They MUST be EVEN MORE!!!!!! Special
More informationHarvesting energy from food. Digestion: A Closer Look. Where digestion begins. Salivary Glands 4/17/13. Or how food gets from
Harvesting energy from food Or how food gets from to and body structures Cheese protein (a polymer of amino acids in a specific sequence) Breakdown of protein by human digestive system Amino acid monomer
More informationObjective 4- Digestion
Objective 4- Digestion 1. Describe why cells require nutrients Supply energy for metabolism (cell activities), matter for synthesis of new materials, cell reproduction, secretion and to regulate cell processes
More information2. A digestive organ that is not part of the alimentary canal is the: a. stomach b. liver c. small intestine d. large intestine e.
Chapter 14 The Digestive System and Body Metabolism Review Questions Multiple Choice: 1. Which of the following terms are synonyms? a. Gastrointestinal tract b. Digestive system c. Digestive tract d. Alimentary
More information