BPA-based materials, such as polycarbonate and epoxy resins, have a huge socioeconomic

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1 POLYCARBONATE AND EPOXY RESINS IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF DAILY LIFE Electrical boards, switches, lamps, parts for kitchen tools, hair dryers, razors Glazing, corrosion protection, concrete reinforcement, flooring Lenses, dialysis devices, blood sample reservoirs, medical equipment, dental fillings BPA-based materials, such as polycarbonate and epoxy resins, have a huge socioeconomic benefit and are indispensable nowadays: For consumers, they are part of modern life. Household equipment Architecture Medical practice Entertainment & Communication Mobile phone housings, CD s, DVD s, computer circuit boards BPA-related industry Europe: > employees > 12 bn turnover attractive growth rate innovative products Food & beverage Leisure and safety Automotive Front & rear light covers, interior equipment parts, covers, automotive coatings food and drink cans, bottles, cutlery, food storage containers, jar sealants Sports helmets, safety glasses, visors, toys, racing boats, ski/golf/tennis equipment I-M PC/ERC Market

2 POLYCARBONATE PRODUCTS ENHANCE SAFETY AND CONVENIENCE Polycarbonate provides an outstanding balance of properties like transparency, low weight, impact resistance and high temperature resistance. Polycarbonate is a high performance plastic that contributes to the safety and well being of consumers. I-M PC Market

3 PRODUCTS MADE WITH BISPHENOL A ENHANCE SAFETY AND CONVENIENCE Polycarbonate provides an outstanding balance of properties like transparency, low weight, impact resistance and high temperature resistance. Polycarbonate and epoxy resins are high performance materials that contribute to the safety and well being of consumers. I-M ERC Market

4 BISPHENOL A BASED MATERIALS ENRICH JOY OF LIFE Polycarbonate and epoxy resins products are used every day in industrial, professional and personal life. I-M PC/ERC Market

5 EPOXY RESINS PROTECT MATERIALS AND ENABLE MODERN TECHNOLOGY Epoxy resins are the material of choice because of their combination of toughness, adhesion, formability and chemical resistance. They protect contents from spoiling, materials from corroding, and are a key enabler for making modern information technology work. I-M ERC Market

6 EPOXY RESINS SUBSTANTIALLY ENHANCE MATERIALS DURABILITY Epoxy resins are the material of choice for the protection of metals and other materials because of their combination of toughness, adhesion, formability and chemical resistance. They protect contents from spoiling, metals in vehicles, buildings or products from corroding, floors from wearing, and are a key enabler in global commerce. I-M ERC Market

7 SAFE AT DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS AND USE PATTERNS There are many different polycarbonate and epoxy products, with different use patterns and exposure situations. This is reflected in different migration patterns, which regulators consider in their safety assessment. The typical migration levels and exposure scenarios are correlated with different body weights. Comparing the results with the defined safe limits, expressed as Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI), the message remains the same: products made from materials based on BPA are safe for their intended uses. Polycarbonate utensils Typical migration level less than 0,001mg/kg (1ppb) Required consumption amount to reach the TDI: 600kg/day at 60 kg bw Canned food/beverage Polycarbonate beverage containers Typical migration level less than 0,005mg/kg (5ppb) Required consumption amount to reach the TDI: 120l/day at 60kg bw Typical migration level less than TDI 0,02mg/kg (20ppb) Required consumption amount to reach the TDI: 30kg/day at 60kg bw I-M PC Science

8 SAFE LIMIT OF EXPOSURE TO BPA INCLUDES LARGE SAFETY MARGIN Migration of BPA from polycarbonate utensils is extremely low, typically less than 1 ppb* (0,001 mg/kg). Throughout a whole lifetime it is impossible to consume sufficient amounts of food or beverage in contact with polycarbonate utensils to even reach the limit of BPA established as safe by European and international authorities. This safe limit (TDI**) has been defined at 0,01 mg/kg bodyweight/day over a lifetime. 60 kg: average adult bodyweight **Tolerable Daily Intake *based on PIRA study on migration of Bisphenol A from Polycarbonate Plastics Food Contact Materials and Articles, June kg of food For example: One would have to eat at least 10 times their own bodyweight of food in contact with polycarbonate utensils - every day during one s life - only to reach the safety limit. Clearly impossible. I-M PC Science

9 SAFE LIMIT OF EXPOSURE TO BPA INCLUDES LARGE SAFETY MARGIN Migration of BPA from polycarbonate beverage containers is extremely low, typically less than 5 ppb* (0,005 mg/kg). Throughout a whole lifetime it is impossible to consume sufficient amounts of PC-stored beverage to even reach the limit of BPA established as safe by European and international authorities. This safe limit (TDI**) has been defined at 0,01 mg/kg bodyweight/day over a lifetime. 60 kg: average adult bodyweight * Biles et al., Determination of bisphenol-a in reusable polycarbonate food-contact plastics and migration to food simulating liquids,1997, J. Agris. Food Chem. 45, ** Tolerable Daily Intake 120 l of water For example: One would have to drink at least 120l of water from polycarbonate water bottles every day during one s life - only to reach the safety limit. Clearly impossible. I-M PC Science

10 SAFE LIMIT OF EXPOSURE TO BPA INCLUDES LARGE SAFETY MARGIN Migration of BPA from canned food/beverage is extremely low, typically less than 20 ppb* (0,02 mg/kg). Throughout a whole lifetime it is impossible to consume sufficient amounts of canned food or beverage to even reach the limit of BPA established as safe by European and international authorities. This safe limit (TDI**) has been defined at 0,01 mg/kg bodyweight/day over a lifetime. 60 kg: average adult bodyweight **Tolerable Daily Intake 30 kg of canned food: 60 cans per day For example: One would have to eat at least 30 kg of canned food every day during one s life - only to reach the safety limit. Clearly impossible. I-M ERC Science

11 CONSUMING EXTERNAL ESTROGENS IS PART OF THE NORMAL DIET 150 g of carrots contain at least the same amount of estrogen-like compounds as 30 kg of canned food*. Equal amount of estrogen-like compounds Throughout a lifetime it is normal to consume phytoestrogens with the regular diet at amounts that largely exceed the amount of estrogen-like compounds one could ever realistically consume via canned food or beverage. Migration of BPA from food or beverage packaging materials is extremely low, typically less than 20 ppb** (0,02 mg/kg). 0,15 kg of carrots contain 0,6 mg of phytoestrogen*** 30 kg of canned food contain 0,6 mg* of estrogen-like compounds (excluding any phytoestrogen from the food) * calculation based on typically measured BPA migration I-M ERC Science

12 PUTTING PPB INTO PERSPECTIVE: EXPOSURE TO BPA IS CLOSE TO ZERO Sophisticated scientific analytical methods are able to detect BPA at extremely low levels - down to low ppb (parts per billion): one part in a billion parts, i.e That is equivalent to 380 mm on the way to the moon, or one drop of water in an Olympic-size swimming pool, or 1 second in 32 years 380 mm I-M PC/ERC Science

13 CONSUMING EXTERNAL ESTROGENS IS PART OF THE NORMAL DIET It is impossible for consumers to be exposed to the BPA limit established as safe by European and international authorities. BPA ingestion from trace migration of packaging into food or beverages: 0,002 mg* in a meal of 200 g ingestion of estrogen-like compounds from natural ingredients: 0,8 mg** in a meal of 200 g 10 ppb 1 ppb = 0,001 mg/kg 4000 ppb In studies with laboratory animals which were exposed to extremely high levels of BPA (impossible to achieve outside a laboratory), very weak estrogen-like effects were seen. The potency of these effects is similar to the effects of naturally occurring estrogenlike substances in some vegetables and food stuffs like soy beans, carrots, garlic or coffee. this value does not constitute a health risk for children as shown in the assessment of the SCF* *reference via web-sourcing: SCF/CS/PM/3936 Final Carrots contain 400 times more estrogen-like compounds **IFST, October 2001, based on figure 1, Cassidy 1999 I-M PC/ERC Science

14 CONSUMING EXTERNAL ESTROGENS IS PART OF THE NORMAL DIET It is impossible for consumers to be exposed to the BPA limit established as safe by European and international authorities. BPA ingestion from trace migration of utensils into food or beverages: 0,0002 mg* in a meal of 200 g ingestion of estrogen-like compounds from natural ingredients: 0,8 mg*** in a meal of 200 g 1 ppb 1 ppb = 0,001 mg/kg 4000 ppb this value does not constitute a health risk as shown in the assessment of the SCF** *based on PIRA study on migration of Bisphenol A from Polycarbonate Plastics Food Contact Materials and Articles, June 2003 **reference via web-sourcing: SCF/CS/PM/3936 Final Carrots contain 400 times more estrogen-like compounds ***IFST, October 2001, based on figure 1, Cassidy 1999 I-M PC/ERC Science

15 CONSUMING EXTERNAL ESTROGENS IS PART OF THE NORMAL DIET It is impossible for consumers to be exposed to the BPA limit established as safe by European and international authorities. BPA ingestion from trace migration of can coating into the food or beverage: 0,004 mg* in a meal of 200 g 20 ppb ingestion of estrogen-like compounds from natural ingredients: 0,8 mg*** in a meal of 200 g 1 ppb = 0,001 mg/kg 4000 ppb this value does not constitute a health risk as shown in the assessment of the SCF** *based on PIRA study on migration of Bisphenol A from Can Coatings; Goodson, Summerfield, Cooper; Food Additives and Contaminants, 2002, Vol. No. 8, **reference via web-sourcing: SCF/CS/PM/3936 Final ***IFST, October 2001, based on figure 1, Cassidy 1999 I-M PC/ERC Science

16 BPA MIGRATION RATES FROM CANS HAVE BEEN MINIMIZED Over the past years, industry has continuously worked to reduce migration, incl. BPA: With advanced technology and innovative processing, BPA migration rates have been reduced by more than 90%. However, they always fully complied with the regulatory limits. Today, the measured levels are far below the safety limits, typically less than 20 ppb. 80 ppb 60 ppb 50 ppb 40 ppb 30 ppb 20 ppb 10 ppb 1990: official EU migration safety limit: 3000 ppb Typically measured: 80 times lower 2002: revised future EU migration safety limit: 600 ppb Typically measured: 30 times lower I-M ERC Science

17 PUTTING RISK INTO PERSPECTIVE: BPA IS SAFE Fear of being injured in car accident Fear of dying as a result of swallowing a fish bone Fear of negative health effects from exposure to plastics products Perceived risk Real risk Over Europeans are injured or killed in traffic accidents every year*. 700 people die every year from swallowed fish bones in Germany alone** no negative effects from exposure to food & beverage from epoxy coated containers or BPA-based consumer products*** *European Commission's 2004 European Road Safety Charter. 40,000 fatalities and 1.7million casualties every year in the old 15 EU states, in total. ** Walter Krämer/Gerald Mackenthun Die Panikmacher, 2001 Piper Verlag GmbH München, paperback edition April 2003, page 60 I-M PC/ERC Science

18 CONTINUOUS GROWTH MAKES PC-RELATED MARKETS ATTRACTIVE safe, state-of-the-art material VALUE innovative products new markets attractive opportunities for further growth growing demand for safe and convenient products increasing sales of retail products made from materials based on BPA overall economic growth I-M PC/ERC Retail

19 INNOVATIVE BPA-BASED PRODUCTS OFFER CONSUMERS A CHOICE Consumers demand safe, convenient, modern and affordable products long (shelf) life, hygiene and safety high flexibility of portfolio combination If a retailer did not offer products made from materials based on BPA it would substantially reduce consumer s product choice and satisfaction. It would also dramatically impact retailer economics. I-M PC/ERC Retail

20 INNOVATIVE BPA-BASED PRODUCTS OFFER CONSUMERS A CHOICE Consumers demand safe, convenient, modern and affordable products long (shelf) life, hygiene and safety high flexibility of portfolio combination If a retailer did not offer products made from materials based on BPA it would substantially reduce consumer s product choice and satisfaction. It would also dramatically impact retailer economics. I-M PC/ERC Retail

21 INNOVATIVE BPA-BASED PRODUCTS OFFER CONSUMERS A CHOICE Consumers demand safe, convenient, modern and affordable products long (shelf) life, hygiene and safety high flexibility of portfolio combination If a retailer did not offer products made from materials based on BPA it would substantially reduce consumer s product choice and satisfaction. It would also dramatically impact retailer economics. I-M PC/ERC Retail

22 BISPHENOL A IS THOROUGHLY TESTED AND WELL UNDERSTOOD Polycarbonate and epoxy resins are safe in contact with food and beverages when used as intended. This is the conclusion of the European Commission s Risk Assessment. Other regulatory bodies around the world have confirmed this conclusion several times. EU Existing Substances Regulatory Assessment BPA: EU Risk Assessment completed (2003) accomplished RA 41 Risk Assessment: 141 Health &Environment reports on BPA 200+ EU scientists 20+ countries pages 50+ million uro investment 400+ studies existing substances 40+ years of research I-M PC/ERC Regulatory

23 REGULATORY AUTHORITIES CONFIRM THE SAFETY OF BPA CSTEE: a number of high quality studies on the reproductive and developmental effects of BPA are already available and do not support low dose effects. SCF: There is no significant effect from repeated use, abrasion, heating or chemical sterilization of these plastics articles. The general finding is that migration is low or not detectable. EFSA CSTEE CSTEE: EU s Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment SCF: Scientific Committee on Food, after restructuring now EFSA, European Food Safety Authority I-M PC/ERC Regulatory