Alternative Soil Amendments FWAA Winter Conference

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Company Identification B-CONNECT CONCEPTS WILL ONLY BE ACCEPTED IF SUBMITTED THROUGH OUR ONLINE PORTAL Alternative Soil Amendments FWAA Winter Conference Tim Lichatowich BioAg Product Strategies 1.

How long has your company been in business? 5. Do you define your company as a start-up? a. If so, what are your primary funding sources? Product Identification 1. Product Name 2.

Please provide detailed description of product (e.g. active ingredient(s), how it is manufactured/procured/derived, lab analysis of material, etc.) to the level you re able. 6.

Product Summary (Optional) You may include a brief description highlighting key information from the detailed summary this sheet requests. Maximum length 250 words.

1 Company Identification B-CONNECT CONCEPTS WILL ONLY BE ACCEPTED IF SUBMITTED THROUGH OUR ONLINE PORTAL Alternative Soil Amendments FWAA Winter Conference Tim Lichatowich BioAg Product Strategies 1. Company Name 2. Contact for more information about product (name, phone, ) 3. In which state (or, if not within the United States, country) is your company based? 4. How long has your company been in business? 5. Do you define your company as a start-up? a. If so, what are your primary funding sources? Product Identification 1. Product Name 2. Product Manufacturer 3. Product Labeled As (trade names if using chemical materials) 4. Where available for purchase, name and contact information for sales agent, if appropriate 5. Please provide detailed description of product (e.g. active ingredient(s), how it is manufactured/procured/derived, lab analysis of material, etc.) to the level you re able. 6. Is this product s ingredients and process for use in compliance with CA regulatory requirements? 7. What crops or range of crops do you expect to achieve best results with this product? Product Summary (Optional) You may include a brief description highlighting key information from the detailed summary this sheet requests. Maximum length 250 words. Longer summaries will not be included. Please provide information to answer the following questions with as much detail as possible. Product Profile Questions 1. Benefits 1.1. Please provide 3 rd party, independent research findings (e.g. data, with accompanying statistical analysis, summary of key results and discussion) demonstrating the effect of the product. Include description of conditions under which tested (e.g. what crops, soil, irrigation type, climate, etc.)? Please include as much detail as possible re: acreage required of trials, replications, randomization, sampling methods, dates of trial, management etc. If available, please include photos showing control vs. treatment.! B-CONNECT CONCEPTS WILL ONLY BE ACCEPTED IF SUBMITTED THROUGH OUR ONLINE PORTAL Please provide URL links to any 3 rd party, independent research findings, peer reviewed findings, and/or local trial details What are the expected benefits of using the product? Please be as precise as possible (e.g. increased yield/crop quality, reduced pest/disease damage, conservation benefit, etc.) 1.3. What are the processes (e.g. mode of action) by which the product achieves those benefits? Please use the principles of plant and soil science to describe (e.g. increases soil flocculation to improve infiltration, plant growth hormone to stimulate cell division, etc) What is the expected monetary value of those benefits and how are they realized (e.g. reduced fertilizer cost, reduced water use, increased yield/quality, reduced pest/disease loss, etc)? 2. Costs 2.1. What are the expected costs per acre for the product as used during production of a crop? Please show calculations in terms that are most relevant for the product, for example, grower cost per unit, application rate or acres treated per unit, expected number of applications. If expected cost for use of the product differs among crops or production conditions, please describe those differences What is the recommended application rate? If appropriate please provide range for different settings, crops or conditions What are the costs per acre for the product at the recommended application rate? 2.4. What additional expenses could be incurred in use of the product (e.g. new equipment needs, staff training, staff time, etc.)? 2.5. What changes in production practices are needed to use the product (e.g. compatibility with existing management practices/materials, new or modified equipment needs, altered management schedule, etc.)? Alternative Soil Amendments Alternative soil amendments are amendments that are not standard fertilizer. 3. Factors that Affect Performance 3.1. Under what conditions does the product provide the most benefits? Please provide data to document any statements Under what conditions is the product least likely to provide benefits, or may actually be deleterious? Please provide data to document any statements What are the soil, weather, biotic, management, and other factors that most meaningfully affect the performance of the product? Please provide data to document any statements. 4. Instructions for Use of the Product 4.1. What are the instructions that you would provide to growers to commercially use the product in the Salinas and Pajaro Valleys? 4.2. How would overall production practices needed for and resulting from use of the product differ from current practices? Please include any notable impact on production of subsequent crops, overall farming practices, or other changes not! Alternative Soil Amendments 1. Plant and Animal By Product 2. Aerobic and Anaerobic Digested Products 3. Rock and Mineral Powders 4. Seaweed and Algal Products 5. Liebig s Law of Minimum The availability of the most abundant nutrient in the soil is only as good as the availability of the least abundant nutrient in the soil. 1

Plant and Animal Products 1. Microbial food source 2. Releases nutrients slowly 3. Usually higher in nitrogen than digested products 4. May contain pesticides 5.

Kelp products Acadian Ascophylum nodosum (plus 5+) Kelpak Ecklonia maxima (S Africa) KelpGro Macrocystis integrifolia (British Columbia) 2. Algal products Blue green algae 3.

2 Plant and Animal Products 1. Microbial food source 2. Releases nutrients slowly 3. Usually higher in nitrogen than digested products 4. May contain pesticides 5. Can burn and cause excess nitrate leaching Seaweed and Algal Products Seaweed and Algal Products 1. Kelp products Acadian Ascophylum nodosum (plus 5+) Kelpak Ecklonia maxima (S Africa) KelpGro Macrocystis integrifolia (British Columbia) 2. Algal products Blue green algae 3. Hormones 1. Phosphate sources 2. Potassium sources 3. Secondary and minor nutrients 4. Zeolite 5. Humates 1. Phosphate sources Colloidal Phosphate Clay particles surrounded by natural Phosphate. 20% P/ 2 3% available. Rock Phosphate Derived from ancient marine deposits. 30%P/1 2% available. 2

1. Potassium sources Greensand Clay material slowly available potash. 7%/1% available Granite/Feldspar Tightly bound within the mineral structure.

Will benefit both field and compost applications Azomite Highly mineralized silica ore. Formed when an ancient volcanic deposit formed on a sea bed in what is now Utah. 0 0.02 1.8CA.5 Mg 1.

3 1. Potassium sources Greensand Clay material slowly available potash. 7%/1% available Granite/Feldspar Tightly bound within the mineral structure. 1 5%/0 1% Biotite(black mica) Several per cent potash that is available in biologically active soils. 1. Secondary and minor nutrients Basalt Dust Provides a wide range of trace minerals. Will benefit both field and compost applications Azomite Highly mineralized silica ore. Formed when an ancient volcanic deposit formed on a sea bed in what is now Utah CA.5 Mg 1. Zeolite Have a porous structure where it will hold cations such as Na, K, Ca and Mg. When combined with Rock Phosphate the Zeolite removes the Ca from RP and releases P. Can be combined with urea and heated to make a 2 3 month slow release N fertilizer. 1. Humates Humic acids the fraction of humic substances that is not soluble in water under acidic conditions (ph < 2) but is soluble at higher ph values. They can be extracted from soil by various reagents and which is insoluble in dilute acid. Humic acids are the major extractable component of soil humic substances. They are dark brown to black in color. Fulvic acids the fraction of humic substances that is soluble in water under all ph conditions. They remains in solution after removal of humic acid by acidification. Fulvic acids are light yellow to yellow brown in color. Humin the fraction of humic substances that is not soluble in water at any ph value and in alkali. Humins are black in color. Properties of Humic Substances(Jerzy Weber) Rock and Mineral Powders Rock and Mineral Powder Agrimend Mine Colorado 3

Carbon dioxide Methane Composting Compost

4 Aerobic and Anaerobic Plant and Animal Products Anaerobic Digestion Digestate Carbon dioxide Methane Composting Compost Carbon dioxide Heat Wikipedia comparison Anaerobic and Aerobic Digestion Strawberry Trial Surendra Dara 12/9/16 Addendum to Fall 2015 Report on Strawberry Production with WormPower David Holden February 5,

150% 145% 140% 135% 130% 125% 120% 115% 110% 105% 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% Relative to Grower Standard Cumulative all Picks Holden Research and Consulting Biostimulant Studies on Strawberries Fall 2015

Treat 2 Treat 4 Treat 32 Treat 6 Treat 36 Treat 24 Treat 20 Treat 1 8 Treat 21 Treat 22 Treat 34 Treat 38 Grower Treat 33 Treat 37 Treat 17 Treat 27 Treat 35 Treat 3 9 Treat 3 Treat 5 WormP Treat 1 9

110% 105% 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% Grower Relative to Grower Standard Cumulative Post Heat Picks Holden Research and Consulting Biostimulant Studies on Strawberries Fall 2015 Net Production Differentials

5 150% 145% 140% 135% 130% 125% 120% 115% 110% 105% 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% Relative to Grower Standard Cumulative all Picks Holden Research and Consulting Biostimulant Studies on Strawberries Fall 2015 Net Production Differentials from the Grower Standard Before and After Heat Stress Event in October - Pre Heat Emphasis 36% showed a better than 10 % increase in yield Treat 16 Treat 23 Treat 25 Treat 2 Treat 4 Treat 32 Treat 6 Treat 36 Treat 24 Treat 20 Treat 1 8 Treat 21 Treat 22 Treat 34 Treat 38 Grower Treat 33 Treat 37 Treat 17 Treat 27 Treat 35 Treat 3 9 Treat 3 Treat 5 WormP Treat 1 9 Treat 2 6 Treat 40 Treat 7 Treat 31 Treat 1 Treat 8 Treat 9 Treat 30 Treat 29 Treat 10 Treat 12 Treat 1 1 Treat 13 Treat 28 WormP Treat 14 Treat 15 All Picks 150% 145% 140% 135% 130% 125% 120% 115% 110% 105% 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% Grower Relative to Grower Standard Cumulative Post Heat Picks Holden Research and Consulting Biostimulant Studies on Strawberries Fall 2015 Net Production Differentials from the Grower Standard Before and After Heat Stress Event in October - Post Heat Emphasis 71% showed a better than 10 % increase in yield after the heat event! Treat 8 Treat 9 Treat 32 Treat 38 WormP Treat 33 Treat 27 Treat 1 Treat 25 Treat 26 Treat 31 Treat 7 Treat 22 Treat 24 Treat 37 Treat 21 Treat 6 Treat 16 Treat 19 Treat 30 Treat 2 Treat 36 Treat 23 Treat 17 Treat 4 Treat 5 Treat 20 Treat 34 Treat 10 Treat 28 Treat 35 Treat 18 Treat 29 WormP Treat 3 Treat 11 Treat 12 Treat 14 Treat 13 Treat 39 Treat 40 Treat 15 Post Heat Picks Aerobic and Anaerobic Plant and Animal Waste Products Amino Acids 20 Amino Acids 9 Essential Create Enzymes and Proteins Enzymes catalyze and regulate chemical reactions Protein functions includes storage, support, defense, transport among others AMINO ACID FUNCTION IN PLANTS 5

Vermicompost Solids and Extracts 1. Difference between compost and vermicompost 2. Human pathogens 3. Activity based on substrate 4. Beneficial results 5.

Free Living Microbes Free Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Mycorrhiza Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (rodshaped) solubilizing non

Converts atmospheric N into N compounds used by the plant in exchange for organic compounds from photosynthesis. 1.

6 Vermicompost Solids and Extracts 1. Difference between compost and vermicompost 2. Human pathogens 3. Activity based on substrate 4. Beneficial results 5. Process 1. Free Living Microbes Free Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Mycorrhiza Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (rodshaped) solubilizing non soluble phosphate (white bright zones) (Dr Yoav Bashan 2005) 1. Rhizobia Bacteria that fix nitrogen Form endosymbiotic N fixing association with roots of legumes. Converts atmospheric N into N compounds used by the plant in exchange for organic compounds from photosynthesis. 1. Mychorriza A fungal endosynbiotic relationship with most plants. Endo and Ecto mycorrhizae Other Mycorrhizae Nitrogen and Phosphorous Symbiotic bacterial relationship] Plant Stress 1. Free Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Azospirillum brasilense(azos) Paenibacillus polymyxa(nytryx) Twin N Take free nitrogen and convert to ammonium in exchange for compounds from photosynthesis 6

Reduced environmental stress Salinity Drought ph Com Ex- Li Effect on root architecture Phytohormones+ Poly amines IAA; Indol-3-acetic acid GA; Gibberellins Ex-Li; Excessive light Herb; Herbicide

Enhanced mineral and water uptake Effects on membranes No Cyto Lectins P and mineral solubilization Nitrite Additive hypothesis Multiple mechanisms hypothesis NR 12/28/2016 Author's personal copy How

Figure 1 Mechanismsby which Azospirillumspp. may enhanceplant growth and their possible interactionsgrouped asbiological processes. Circlesrepresent processescontaining experimental data.

7 Reduced environmental stress Salinity Drought ph Com Ex- Li Effect on root architecture Phytohormones+ Poly amines IAA; Indol-3-acetic acid GA; Gibberellins Ex-Li; Excessive light Herb; Herbicide Com; Compost Tox; Toxic substances Ethyl; Ethylene Cyto; Cytokinins NO; Nitric oxide NR; Nitrate reductase Azospirillum? Enhanced mineral and water uptake Effects on membranes No Cyto Lectins P and mineral solubilization Nitrite Additive hypothesis Multiple mechanisms hypothesis NR 12/28/2016 Author's personal copy How the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Azospirillum Promotes 93 accessory molecules? IAA GA ABA??? Ethyl Nitrogen fixation Multiple biological control Herb Tox mechanisms ABA; Abscisic acid? Figure 1 Mechanismsby which Azospirillumspp. may enhanceplant growth and their possible interactionsgrouped asbiological processes. Circlesrepresent processescontaining experimental data. Squares represent theories. Size of a circle represents its relative importance according to current data. Solid arrow: mechanism(s) that can fully create the observed growth promotion; dash arrow: mechanism(s) that can only partially explain the observed growth promotion. Simple arrows: proven interactions among different mechanisms; double-line arrow: direct production of molecules or processesby the bacterium cell;?: unproven asyet, or partially proven pathway. 1. Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria Produces low molecular weight organic acids that chelate the cations on phosphate making them soluble and releasing the phosphate. B-CONNECT CONCEPTS WILL ONLY BE ACCEPTED IF SUBMITTED THROUGH OUR ONLINE PORTAL Company Identification 1. Company Name 2. Contact for more information about product (name, phone, ) 3. In which state (or, if not within the United States, country) is your company based? 4. How long has your company been in business? 5. Do you define your company as a start-up? a. If so, what are your primary funding sources? Product Identification 1. Product Name 2. Product Manufacturer 3. Product Labeled As (trade names if using chemical materials) 4. Where available for purchase, name and contact information for sales agent, if appropriate 5. Please provide detailed description of product (e.g. active ingredient(s), how it is manufactured/procured/derived, lab analysis of material, etc.) to the level you re able. 6. Is this product s ingredients and process for use in compliance with CA regulatory requirements? 7. What crops or range of crops do you expect to achieve best results with this product? Product Summary (Optional) You may include a brief description highlighting key information from the detailed summary this sheet requests. Maximum length 250 words. Longer summaries will not be included. Please provide information to answer the following questions with as much detail as possible. Product Profile Questions 1. Benefits 1.1. Please provide 3 rd party, independent research findings (e.g. data, with accompanying statistical analysis, summary of key results and discussion) demonstrating the effect of the product. Include description of conditions under which tested (e.g. what crops, soil, irrigation type, climate, etc.)? Please include as much detail as possible re: acreage required of trials, replications, randomization, sampling methods, dates of trial, management etc. If available, please include photos showing control vs. treatment.! B-CONNECT CONCEPTS WILL ONLY BE ACCEPTED IF SUBMITTED THROUGH OUR ONLINE PORTAL Please provide URL links to any 3 rd party, independent research findings, peer reviewed findings, and/or local trial details What are the expected benefits of using the product? Please be as precise as possible (e.g. increased yield/crop quality, reduced pest/disease damage, conservation benefit, etc.) 1.3. What are the processes (e.g. mode of action) by which the product achieves those benefits? Please use the principles of plant and soil science to describe (e.g. increases soil flocculation to improve infiltration, plant growth hormone to stimulate cell division, etc) What is the expected monetary value of those benefits and how are they realized (e.g. reduced fertilizer cost, reduced water use, increased yield/quality, reduced pest/disease loss, etc)? 2. Costs 2.1. What are the expected costs per acre for the product as used during production of a crop? Please show calculations in terms that are most relevant for the product, for example, grower cost per unit, application rate or acres treated per unit, expected number of applications. If expected cost for use of the product differs among crops or production conditions, please describe those differences What is the recommended application rate? If appropriate please provide range for different settings, crops or conditions What are the costs per acre for the product at the recommended application rate? 2.4. What additional expenses could be incurred in use of the product (e.g. new equipment needs, staff training, staff time, etc.)? 2.5. What changes in production practices are needed to use the product (e.g. compatibility with existing management practices/materials, new or modified equipment needs, altered management schedule, etc.)? 3. Factors that Affect Performance 3.1. Under what conditions does the product provide the most benefits? Please provide data to document any statements Under what conditions is the product least likely to provide benefits, or may actually be deleterious? Please provide data to document any statements What are the soil, weather, biotic, management, and other factors that most meaningfully affect the performance of the product? Please provide data to document any statements. 4. Instructions for Use of the Product 4.1. What are the instructions that you would provide to growers to commercially use the product in the Salinas and Pajaro Valleys? 4.2. How would overall production practices needed for and resulting from use of the product differ from current practices? Please include any notable impact on production of subsequent crops, overall farming practices, or other changes not! 7

8 Despite all our achievements we owe our existence to a six inch layer of topsoil and the fact that it rains Farm equipment association of Minnesota and South Dakota Questions? Tim Lichatowich BioAg Product Strategies (text also) timjlich@gmail.com 8

TYPE: ORGANIC NUTRIENTS CODE: BF4 - GRANULE (JAIVIZYME)

TYPE: ORGANIC NUTRIENTS CODE: BF4 GRANULE (JAIVIZYME) AVAILABLE: BULK, PRIVATE LABEL & BRANDS Composition Ingredient % Potassium Humate 5.00% w/w Min. Carrier Granules 95.00% w/w Max. Advantages Mode of