Four Years of Downy Mildew in Indiana: Field Trials and More. Daniel S. Egel Southwest Purdue Ag Center Vincennes, IN
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1 Four Years of Downy Mildew in Indiana: Field Trials and More. Daniel S. Egel Southwest Purdue Ag Center Vincennes, IN
2 Outline Downy mildew introduction Symptoms Introduction of fungicides 2005/6 field trials Management recommendations
3 Outline Downy mildew introduction Symptoms Introduction of fungicides 2005/6 field trials Management recommendations
4 Downy Mildew Overwintering pattern
5 Recent Downy Mildew History First observation of downy mildew Year Date Crop 2002 and earlier Approx. every 5 years in late Aug/early Sept July August August July 18 Usually pumpkin Watermelon Pumpkin Pumpkin Cucumber
6 Outline Downy mildew introduction Symptoms Introduction of fungicides 2005/6 field trials Management recommendations
7 Pumpkin
8 Pumpkin
9 Pumpkin
10 Pumpkin
11 Pumpkin
12 Pumpkin
13 Pumpkin
14 Watermelon
15 Watermelon
16
17 Cucumber
18 Cucumber
19 Cucumber
20 Muskmelon
21 Pumpkin Muskmelon Watermelon Cucumber
22 Outline Downy mildew introduction Symptoms Introduction of fungicides 2005/6 field trials Management recommendations
23 Contact Fungicides kills fungi with which it comes into direct contact on plant surface. Contact fungicides do not move within the plant. Multiple modes of action.
24 Systemic fungicides move within the plant, usually toward the tip of the plant, so that existing fungi may be killed. Often have only one mode of action-resistance may occur.
25 Fungicide resistance and FRAC codes
26
27 Contact Fungicides Fungicides Resistance Risk Alternation or tank mix Other diseases Bravo, Echo, Equus (chlorothalonil) Dithane,, Manzate, Penncozeb (mancozeb) Maneb, Manex (maneb) Kocide,, Champ, Cuprofix (copper hydroxide/sulfate) Multiple modes of action (M)- resistance unlikely Can be used in alternation with systemic fungicides- alternation not necessary for resistance Effective against a broad range of diseases.
28 Fungicides for downy mildew management- Contact fungicides- FRAC group M, resistance unlikely Many diseases/season long Relatively inexpensive Good rotational partners Moderate downy mildew control
29 Systemic fungicides in group 11 Fungicides Amistar, Quadris (azoxystrobin) Cabrio (pyraclostrobin) Flint (trifloxystrobin( trifloxystrobin) Pristine (boscalid, pyraclostrobin) Quadris Opti (azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil) Reason (fenamidone( fenamidone) Resistance Risk 11 medium- high- Cross resistance possible. 11 & M Medium-high Alternation or tank mix Alternation required, tank mix recommended Premix, alternation required 11, high Alternation Other diseases Label may include powdery mildew, black rot. See above Alternaria
30 Fungicides for downy mildew management- Systemic fungicides in group 11 Season long control for several diseases High chance of cross resistance Tank mix with contact when DM threatens
31 Specialized Systemic fungicides for downy mildew I Fungicide Acrobat, Forum (dimethomorph) Previcur Flex (propamocarb) Reason (fenamidone( fenamidone) Ranman (cyazofamid( cyazofamid) Ridomil (mefenoxam) Resistance risk (FRAC) Alternation or tank mix 15, medium Tank or premix 28, low- medium Alternation 11, high Alternation 21, medium- high Alternation 48 (high) Alternation Other diseases With premix Pythium Alternaria Phytophthora Depends on premix
32 Specialized Systemic fungicides for downy mildew II Fungicide Tanos (cymoxanil, famoxadone) Curzate (cymoxanil) Resistance risk (FRAC) 27, 11 High 27, medium- high Alternation or tank mix Both required Tank mix -- Other diseases Phytophthora Alternaria
33 Fungicides for downy mildew management- Specialized systemic fungicides Several FRAC groups Chance of resistance variable Primarily for downy mildew Best used when downy mildew in area
34 Premixes-contact & systemic Fungicide Resistance Risk Alternation or tank mix Other diseases Ridomil Bravo Gold (mefenoxam, chlorothalnil) FRAC 48, M. High Alternation Black rot Quadris Opti (azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil) 11 & M Medium- high Premix, alternation required Several Gavel (mancozeb, zoxamide) FRAC 22, Low- medium No Alternaria
35 Premixes Less chance of resistance Contact may control additional disease
36 Outline Downy mildew introduction Symptoms Introduction of fungicides 2005/6 field trials Management recommendations
37 2,000 1,600 1, a b 2005 Field Trial 2005 Field Trial b b c cd cd d d Flex 1.2 qt Previcur Previcur Flex 1.2 qt Manex Manex qt qt Manex qt qt Tanos Tanos 8 oz+manex oz+manex pt pt Curzate Curzate Amistar Amistar 5 oz/ oz/manex Manex qt qt 1.6 qt Curzate Curzate oz/ oz/manex Manex 1.6 qt Curzate Curzate oz/ oz/manex Reason Reason fl fl oz/ oz/manex Manex qt qt Pristine Pristine oz/ oz/manex Manex qt qt Manex Manex F 4F qt qt Non Non-treated treated Disease severity Disease severity
38 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, c ab bc 2005 Field Trial 2005 Field Trial a a ab ab ab ab Flex 1.2 qt Previcur Previcur Flex 1.2 qt Manex Manex qt qt Manex qt qt Curzate Curzate oz/ oz/manex Manex qt qt 1.6 pt 3.2 oz/manex Tanos Tanos 8 oz+manex oz+manex 1.6 pt Curzate Curzate Amistar Amistar 5 oz/ oz/manex Manex qt qt Manex qt qt Curzate Curzate 3.2 oz/ Pristine Pristine oz/ oz/manex Reason Reason fl fl oz/ oz/manex Manex qt qt Manex Manex F 4F qt qt Non Non-treated treated Pounds per Acre Pounds per Acre
39 1,400 1, a cd cde 2006 Field Trial 2006 Field Trial cde de de de e e Previcur Previcur Flex/Bravo Flex/Bravo 2 pt. pt. Ranman oz/bravo oz/bravo pt. pt. Ranman Flex 1.2 pt Ridomil Ridomil MZ MZ lb lb Quadris Quadris Opti Opti pt pt Tanos Tanos 8 oz+bravo oz+bravo 2 pt pt Bravo Bravo 2pt+Curzate 2pt+Curzate oz oz Ranman Ranman oz/bravo oz/bravo pt. pt. Sonata 2 qt+previcur qt+previcur Flex 1.2 pt Manex Manex Bravo Bravo WS WS 2 pt pt Sonata 2 Cabrio Cabrio oz/bravo oz/bravo 2 pt pt Disease severity Disease severity Non-treated Non treated
40 Outline Downy mildew introduction Symptoms Introduction of fungicides 2005/6 field trials Management recommendations
41 Downy Mildew Favorites Fungicide Previcur Flex (propamocarb) Ranman (cyazofamid( cyazofamid) Tanos (cymoxanil, famoxadone) Curzate (cymoxanil) Gavel (mancozeb, zoxamide) Resistance risk (FRAC) 28, low- medium 21, medium- high 27, 11 High 27, medium- high 22, Low- medium Alternation or tank mix Alternation Alternation Both required Tank mix -- No Other diseases Pythium Phytophthora Phytophthora Alternaria Alternaria
42 Downy mildew Scout fields and follow epidemic Apply contact fungicide weekly if disease threatens or mix contact & systemic; days schedule Apply specialized systemics only if DM observed in area. Cultural management
43
44 Pumpkin fungicide schedule Specialized systemics Systemics: : groups 11, 3, 1 Contact Fixed copper June July August September Oct Bacterial spot Powdery Mildew Black rot/plectosporium Downy mildew
45 2005 research trial Treatment, rate/a Non-treated AUDPC 1, a Manex 4F, 1.6 qt 1, b Reason 500SC, 5.5 fl oz Manex 4F, 1.6 qt 1, b Pristine 38WG, 18.5 oz Manex 4F, 1.6 qt 1, b Amistar 80WP 5 oz Manex 4F, 1.6 qt 1, c Tanos 50WDG, 8 oz + Manex 4F, 1.6 qt Curzate 60DF, 3.2 oz cd Curzate 60DF, 3.2 oz + Manex 4F, 1.6 qt cd Curzate 60DF, 5 oz + Manex 4F, 1.6 qt d Previcur Flex 66SL, 1.2 qt Manex 4F, 1.6 qt d
46 2005 research trial Treatment, rate/a Non-treated lb./a 1,873.2 c Manex 4F, 1.6 qt 3,056.9 ab Reason 500SC, 5.5 fl oz Manex 4F, 1.6 qt 2,634.2 bc Pristine 38WG, 18.5 oz Manex 4F, 1.6 qt 3,461.1 a Amistar 80WP 5 oz Manex 4F, 1.6 qt 3,414.5 a Tanos 50WDG, 8 oz + Manex 4F, 1.6 qt Curzate 60DF, 3.2 oz 2,958.1 ab Curzate 60DF, 3.2 oz + Manex 4F, 1.6 qt 2,814.2 ab Curzate 60DF, 5 oz + Manex 4F, 1.6 qt 3,171.0 ab Previcur Flex 66SL, 1.2 qt Manex 4F, 1.6 qt 3,138.6 ab
47 Downy Mildew by the Numbers 6 hours Time required for sporangial production- 100% RH 1 hour Time required for sporangia germination- free moisture & 68F 59-68F Optimum temp. for production of sporangia 4 days 1 generation-59 F nights & 77F days
48 Downy mildew trial methods 44 replication Randomized Applications aprox.. weekly 3-pont hitch application Pie pumpkin Applications 18 Jul-8 8 Sep
49 Treatment, rate/a Non-treated 2006 research trial AUDPC 1,242 a Cabrio 20EG, 12 oz Bravo WS, 2 pt 779 cd Bravo WS, 2 pt 718 cde Sonata, 2 qt + Previcure Flex 66F, 1.2 pt + Manex 4F, 1.6 qt 712 cde Ridomil Gold MZ 68WP, 2.5 lb Quadris Opti,, 3.2 pt 632 de Tanos 50WDG, 8 oz + Bravo WS, 2 pt Bravo WS, 2 pt + Curzate 60DF, 3.2 oz Ranman 400SC, 2.1 oz Bravo WS, 1.5 pt Ranman 400SC, 2.75 oz Bravo WS, 1.5 pt Previcur Flex 66 F Bravo WS, 2 pt 597 de 597 de 490 e 472 e
50 Systemic fungicides-group group 33 Fungicides Resistance Risk (FRAC) Alternation or tank mix Other diseases Aliette (fosetyl( fosetyl-al) Agri-Fos Fos, Phostrol, Prophyte (phosphorous acid, phosphite) 33-low. Some formulations recommend tank-mix. Some formulations list Phytophthora sp. and gummy stem blight
51 Fungicides for downy mildew management- Systemic fungicides-phosphonates (33) Some formulations labeled for additional diseases Tank mix recommended Resistance chance low
52 Cultural Management of Pumpkin Diseases Disease Bacterial fruit spot Black rot Downy mildew Fusarium fruit rot Powdery mildew Virus diseases Survival Residue Residue South Soil Residue & south South/weeds Comments Tillage/rotation critical Tillage/rotation critical Tillage/rotation not a factor At least 4 years rotation Tillage/rotation moderate importance Tillage/rotation not a factor
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