Agronomic In-Service Training
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1 Agronomic In-Service Training NFREC, Quincy, FL January 16, 2018 Nicholas S. Dufault Extension Specialist Row Crops & Vegetables Plant Pathology Department/IFAS University of Florida
2 Disease topics: Cotton, Corn & Peanut General Recommendations Cotton Diseases Corn Diseases Peanut Diseases Cultivar by Spray Small Plot Results Large Plot Results On-farm results Chlorothalonil in 2018
3 Do fungicides help control disease and save yields in cotton? Target spot (Corynespora) Includes boll rots Tan centers Stemphylium leaf spot Secondary disease Potassium deficiencies Photo Courtesy of Bob Kemerait
4 Fungicides for Foliar Diseases of Cotton Headline (pyraclostrobin) (6 fl oz/a) Single application expected Labeled for foliar disease control Twinline (pyraclostrobin + metconazole) (7-8.5 fl oz/a) 2(ee) label for control of leaf spot (Corynespora cassiicola) Quadris (azoxystrobin) (6 or 9 fl oz/a) Supplemental label received in July 2008 Priaxor (fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin) (4 to 8 fl oz/a) Corynespora control, release Supplemental label Topguard (flutriafol) (7 to 14 fl oz/a) Corynespora Control Rate still being evaluated Tebuzol 3.6F (tebuconazol) (6-8 fl oz/a) Labeled for control of southwestern cotton rust Puccinia cacabata
5 2018 Cotton disease recommendations Corynespora target spot can be a problem Variety is important (Phyt.499 susceptible) Fungicides can save yield s by 1 to 10% Minimal difference btw 1 and 2 sprays Fungicides will not control bacterial blight! Blanket applications are not recommended.
6 Corn diseases to pay attention to Southern Rust Northern Corn Leaf Blight
7 Northern Corn Leaf Blight Some level is typically expected Fungicides used when: Disease likely to develop further Variety is susceptible
8 Southern Corn Rust Monitoring is key ( Rust has races Some resistance ineffective Many fungicides available Fungicide usage: Early season infections Susceptible variety Corn in good shape
9 Corn fungicide efficacy table
10 Corn recommendations for 2018 Disease can be limited Weather & climate impacts (La Nina) Later planting, higher Southern rust chance Fungicides Best at V6 or after Each field is unique VT better for S. rust Early planting helps reduce stalk & ear rots
11 Peanut Diseases
12 Some level of peanut disease is expected
13 Cultivar by Spray Input 7 th year of continuous peanuts Generic fungicide program Chlorothalonil, Teb. and Azoxy. All have 3 MOA Cultivars: Georgia-06G, TUFRunner 511 and 297, FloRun 331 Planting date: 5/11/16 & 5/16/17
14 Fungicide schedule Date: 15-Jun 27-Jun 3-Jul 18-Jul 1-Aug DAP: Trt # 0 Sprays 1 to 4 4 Sprays 5 to 8 5 Sprays 9 to 12 7 Sprays 13 to 16 Echo 1.5 Azoxy. applied 90 DAP 4 Sprays: 2 Teb. and 1 Azoxy. 5 Sprays: 2 Teb. and 1 Azoxy. 7 Sprays: 3 Teb. and 1 Azoxy. Echo 1.5 Echo 1.5 Teb. applied 60, 75, 105 & 115 DAP Echo fl oz/a + Echo fl oz/a + Echo fl 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo oz/a + Echo 720 1
15 Leafspot pressure was lower in 2016 than
16 5 & 7 apps had the same yield for all cultivars in Values above line differ from GA06G 7 apps. LSD = 722
17 5 and 7 apps had the same yield for all Florida cultivars in Values above diff. from GA06G 7 apps. LSD = 559
18 TUFRunner 511 and FloRun 331 performed well in reduced application programs. 5 apps. was comparable to 7 apps. GA06G needs at least 7 apps. for high disease (ELS dominate) Could we reduce an early season chlorothalonil spray?
19 0 Sprays 1 to 4 4 Sprays 5 to 8 5 Sprays 9 to 12 7 Sprays 13 to 16 Date: 15-Jun 27-Jun 3-Jul 18-Jul 1-Aug DAP: Trt # Echo 1.5 Echo 1.5 Echo 1.5 Echo fl oz/a + Echo fl oz/a + Echo fl oz/a + Echo fl oz/a + Echo 720 1
20 Live Oak Fungicide Trial Data Small plot trials (30-ft plots) Large plot trials (~ 2 acres) 3 rd year of peanuts History of white mold with peanuts WM present in 3 rd year, but still low Variety: Georgia-06G
21 Spray schedules for small plot trials. Planting Date 5/15/ Jun 23-Jun 29-Jun 14-Jul 28-Jul 11-Aug 25-Aug 8-Sep Leaf Spot Leaf Spot Stem Rot Leaf Spot Stem Rot/Limb Rot Leaf Spot Leaf Spot Companyt ID Untreated Chloro. Only Nichino Generic Bayer Syngenta Dupont BASF Proline SC 5.7 fl oz/a Elatus 7.3 oz/a 6 fl oz/a 1.5 pt/a 32 fl oz/a + Echo 1.5 pts/a + 5 fl oz/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo Provost fl oz/a Elatus 7.3 oz/a 16 fl oz/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo fl oz/a + Echo Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a 1.5 pt/a 16 fl oz/a 8 fl oz/a Disease was developed late in the season, after July. 32 fl oz/a + Echo 1.5 pts/a + 5 fl oz/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo Provost fl oz/a Elatus 7.3 oz/a 16 fl oz/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo Harvest Date: 10/ fl oz/a + Echo fl oz/a + Echo Provost fl oz/a 1.5 pt/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo fl oz/a + Echo pt/a
22 Program with leafspot sprays 88 DAP performed better than the rest. LSD = 672 Below orange line is sig. diff from Elatus
23 Spray schedules for large plot trials. Planting Date 5/15/ Jun 29-Jun 14-Jul 28-Jul 11-Aug 28-Aug 15-Sep Leaf Spot Leaf Spot Stem Rot Leaf Spot Stem Rot/Limb Rot Leaf Spot Leaf Spot Treatment Trt # High input 1 Low input 2 Proline SC 5.7 fl oz/a Echo 1.5 Echo 1.5 White mold present Late season defoliation Provost fl oz/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a Provost fl oz/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo Harvest Date: 10/12 Provost fl oz/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo
24 High input had significantly higher yields. LSD = 314
25 High input worth $200 more per acre than low input. LSD = 81
26 Dryland OFT with various input levels Planting Date 5/16/ May 22-Jun 7-Jul 25-Jul 9-Aug 23-Aug 7-Sep 19-Sep Leaf Spot Leaf Spot Stem Rot Leaf Spot Stem Rot/Limb Leaf Spot Leaf Spot Treatment Trt # In-furrow High input 1 Velum 18 fl oz/a Proline SC 5.7 fl oz/a Provost fl oz/a Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a Provost fl oz/a Provost fl oz/a Echo 1.5 High input2 2 Proline SC 5.7 fl oz/a Provost fl oz/a Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a Provost fl oz/a Provost fl oz/a Echo 1.5 Low input fl oz/a + Echo Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo fl oz/a + Echo Echo 1.5
27 Yield was not significantly different. p > 0.50
28 p > 0.60 Significant root-knot was found in one replication of the no Velum plots.
29 The trend in 2017 was that high input programs performed better.
30 On-Farm Trials Hamilton Co Low levels disease observed 5 to 10 Acres Variety: Georgia 06-G May Planting Dates
31 2012 to 2016 comparison shows no sig. program differences Net returns ($ per acre) were standardized each year by subtracting each individual replication s net return by the overall field mean. Mean values are represented by open green circles and median values are represented by the center solid lines. Standardized return values were not statistically different (MSE = , P = 0.56).
32 2017 trial had a focus on Velum Planting Date: 5/25 to 5/26 Harvest Date: 10/6 to 10/7 26-May 14-Jul 27-Jul 10-Aug 24-Aug 7-Sep 21-Sep Leaf Spot Leaf Spot Stem Rot Leaf Spot Stem Rot/Limb Rot Leaf Spot In-furrow Abound (18 fl oz/a) Elatus 7.3 oz/a 1.5 pt/a Elatus 7.3 oz/a 1.5 pt/a Elatus 7.3 oz/a 1.5 pt/a fl oz/a Velum Total (18 fl oz/a) + Abound (18 fl oz/a) Velum Total (18 fl oz/a) + Abound (18 fl oz/a) Velum Total (18 fl oz/a) + Abound (18 fl oz/a) Elatus 7.3 oz/a 1.5 pt/a Elatus 7.3 oz/a 1.5 pt/a Elatus 7.3 oz/a Proline SC 5.7 fl oz/a Provost fl oz/a 32 fl oz/a + pts/a + 5 fl oz/a Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo Provost fl oz/a 32 fl oz/a + pts/a + 5 fl oz/a 1.5 pt/a fl oz/a Provost fl oz/a 7.2 fl oz/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo Disease was low (FL 1 to 10 = 3 on 9/20) Stress was noticed in the field Surprisingly high nematode counts (350/cc)
33 Treatments varied but not significantly.
34 The price/a varied by almost $100.
35 There are/will be production issues with chlorothalonil products in Prices will be higher Supply will be less Biggest impact peanuts
36 Some substitutes and/or mixing components for peanuts include: DMI Products (FRAC 3) One Product Tebuconazole (7.2 fl oz) Alto (5.5 fl oz) Topguard (7 to 14 fl oz) Quash (2.5 to 4 oz) Eminent VP (7.2 fl oz) Mixed Products Provost Opti (10 to 10.7 fl oz) Mazinga (2 pt) Evito T, Custodia & Absolute QoI Products (FRAC 11) One Product Headline (labeled) Abound (18.5 fl oz) Evito (5.7 fl oz) Mixed Products Priaxor (6 to 8 fl oz) Elatus (7.3 to 9.5 fl oz) Custodia (15.5 fl oz) Arius ADV (30 fl oz) Absolute (3.5 fl oz) Watch for tebuconazole in mixes
37 Other products to consider are: Topsin-M (5 to 10 fl oz; FRAC 1) No more than 2 apps Not consecutive (1 & 3 or 2 & 4) Protectants Elast (12.8 fl oz); mix with teb. early Mancozeb (mix with Topsin M) Effective stand alone products (soil & foliar) Provost Opti, Elatus, Fontelis Priaxor (8 fl oz)
38 Use Peanut Rx, know your varieties response to foliar diseases.
39 There are multiple tools for peanut disease management
40
41 Climate impacts
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