For inspection purposes only. Occurring rg a n i c

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1 OH Sub No. 4 3 [b) 4/22/2008 They are teste ne at a time -Y Maternal Plasma Camcentrations of Pesticides: Circumpolar Study : (Geometric means ugkg lipid (ppt)). Pesticides ' nuit women &om wesvcenb R NWT, 'women from Disko Bay region, women from Kiruna. women from Hammerfest and Kirkenes, ' women from Nikel Source Gilman et ai 1997) >wy B i oc: h e m-0 Compoun\ Occurring rg a n i c 0 Natural biochemical compounds asil metabolised[ 0 We have evolved enzymes to break d organic compounds 0 We have evolved enzymes to build up ne1 organic compounds 0 Most of the tissues in the body have a higl 1 ORAL MEARUNQ 2 2 APR RECEVED

2 4/22/2008 Persistent 0r-c Pollutants 0 When organic chemicals accd \te bodv. it tells us that there are no 7 in the metabo1isat:ion and removal 0 With persistent chemicals, any toxic effe! that they possess are maximised, because 1 the extended period of exposure The 12 persistent organic pollutants lhted below are.targeted for comtrol under the draft UNEP Convention (UrNEP 1995, 1997)d L 1 5 The 12 UNEP POPS PCEls DDT Dioxjins Chlordane Furans Hexachlo- Benzene Aldrin Mirex Dieldrin Toxaphene Endrin Heptachlor 2

3 OO 8 The Orgiano-*ne ndustry h 0 40 million tlonnes of chlorine a educed globally anriually 0 Used to make plastics, solvents, medi 7 pesticides - over 11,000 commercial products 0 35% used to make PVC 0 Combustioni leads to dioxin formation 1 3

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5 .. 4/22/2008 P 0 Ps V/ h i c hwaccu m u ate Fat-soluble persistent chemica '\.leed to accumulate in the body The longer ithe half-life, the more th( accumulate 1 Levels of such chemicals increase with a They are found in breast milk and cross tl placenta _... :a.,,.c... " :4 :... :. l.' F ,..... :,.. 5

6 4/22/2008 Dioxins and-oc POPS 0 During the manufacture of P OC products, dioxins are produc 0 When OC compounds are combust form new compounds, including dio 0 Up to 80% of dioxin contamination of land has been caused by the incineration waste 6

7 4/22/2008 Current 0 1% of the US population h -TEQ/ kg body weight 0 average US 10 ng -TEQ/kg body 0 oxidative stress is found at 0.45 ng - kg body weight 0 experimentally rats at 100 ng -TEQ/ kg body weight have shown permanently reduced allergic responses 0 Hexachlorolbenzene (HCB) activity TEE: Global production of 1,000 kg TE years (A. van Birgelen, 1999) 0 HCB breast milk levels in Germany 5 TEQ/g fat = >50% total TEQ 0 Canada 2.6 pg HCB TEQ/g milk fat = 10 of total TEQ 7

8 Umbilical cord blaod concentrations of PCBs and DDE (geometric mans, u@kg lipid (ppt)): Circumpolar study ;Canada (nuit) (:n = 319) general (n = 102) population PCBs (as Aroclor 1/80 PCBs (c '-DDE 384 'Nunavik (northern Quebec, Canada) Source: see AMAP (1W8 p820)

9 ~~ /22/2008 MOTH E R's D E CREASl NG BODY 6 URD E# _- 60._ MLK FAT = ADPOSE 30i' ' 20 i i d 9

10 4/22/ t TEQ intake p90 [TEQ) milk p50 [TEQ] milk pl0 FEQ) milk ~ J 1 " " " J Breast-feeding period in weeks RELATllYE TEQ 4NTAKE c-- idloxlns. -.! 10

11 4/22/2008 Findings-hnfqnts Related to Mother s Dioxin 0 Reduced intelligence Altered immune system o Disruption of hormones 0 All of the above have been found to oc in a dose-dependent manner Koppe et a1 (2000) in Health impacts olf Waste Management Eds: Stamatji, Hens & Howard, Pp Kluwer Sci ]Press: SBN UGR Faulty imprinting Psychomotor development: cognitive Behavioural development: apathy, hyperactivity, reduced reaction times 11

12 4/22/2008 Health Effects of Background Exposure to -PCBs & Dioxins Haemorrhagjc disease of the newborn Midline fusibn defects - gastroschisis, hypospadias, cleft. palate Alteredsexiratio. : Reduced thyoid hormone levels - Perinatal redluction of white blood cells ncreased in:fection, otitis media, Strep-B 12

13 4/22/ Deja-vvn: nated Fiire Reta 0 Persistent, bioac:cumulative 0 The average concentration of PBDE congeni fiom 72 to pglg of lipid during the last 25? 0 One congener, ;!,2',4,4'-tetraBDE (BDE47), was 7 predominant in all pooled samples, and constituted 70% of the total amount of PBDEs. The concentratiod PBDEs was observed to have doubled in 5 years. 0 Semivolatile - chloracne reported fiom off-gassing 0 Binds to human thyroid receptor protein 1 13

14 4/22/200 8 me retardants - Total &tmymissions! Environmenital Health Perspectives (Se:pt 2001) Dose related effects to spontaneous behaviour in neonatally exposed animals 14

15 4/22/2008 Total mass tonne of was dioxin per urned ng TEiQ dioxin to air kg bottom ash would contain - 7 times as much dioxin as goes to air 0-30 kg of fly ash would contain times as much as goes to air 0 When this goes to landfill, road building etc, it represents a future hazard 1 1 start up released > 2 month s worth o steady state conditions. Ashes also had ii dioxin levels. 0 Wang et a1 (21007) calculated that one start up could generatle 60% of the total annual dioxin 1 emission under steady state. Furthermore start-ul of some of the incinerators they studied were at \ least 2x larger than a whole year s operations 1 15