High Plains Biofuels Co-Product Nutrition Conference. February 20, Garden City, KS.

Transcription

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3 Updated: May

4 Increased availability of wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS)

5 Research

6 Experiment 1 Objective: To evaluate increasing levels of SWDG on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle

7 Texas Tech University Burnett Center o 200 steers (BW = 893 lb)

8 Table 1. Composition and analyzed nutrient content (DM basis) of diets containing increasing levels of sorghum distiller s grains (Exp. 1) Treatment diets Item 0 S5% S10% S15% C10% Ingredient Steam-flaked corn Cottonseed hulls Cottonseed meal Urea Limestone Fat Molasses Supplement Sorghum wet distiller s grain Corn wet distiller s grain Analyzed composition DM, % CP, % ADF, % Ash, % Ca, % P, % DIP, % of DM

9 Final BW, lb % S5% S10% S15% C10% Linear effect of wet sorghum distiller s grain level (P < 0.05) No differences between S10% and C10%

10 Linear effect of wet sorghum distiller s grain level (P 0.01) No differences between S10% and C10%

11 Linear effect of wet sorghum distiller s grain level (P 0.01) No differences between S10% and C10%

12 Linear effect of wet sorghum distiller s grain level (P 0.01) No differences between S10% and C10%

13 Linear effect of wet sorghum distiller s grain level (P 0.01) No differences between S10% and C10%

14 Results No differences were observed for: DMI, lb (18.7, 19.4, 18.6, 18.1, and 17.6 ) Dressing, % (61.4, 61.6, 61.1, 61.0, and 61.4) Marbling Score (411.5, 441.6, 428.8, 438.5, and 412.4) USDA Choice, % (45.6, 60.6, 57.5, 55.0, and 50.0) for 0, S5%, S10%, S15%, and C10%, respectively. S10% and C10% were only different for Yield Grade and Fat thickness (2.88 vs [2.41 for Con] and 1.28 vs [1.11 for Con], respectively)

15 Experiment 2 Objective: To determine whether additional DIP was necessary to optimize performance by cattle fed diets containing SWDG

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17 SFC is a readily available source of starch It is quickly and extensively fermented in the rumen This extensive starch fermentation yields high microbial protein production Increased need for DIP to maintain microbial synthesis If WDG is substituted for SFC: UIP DIP Decreased animal performance?

18 Texas Tech University Burnett Center o 200 steers (BW = 813 lb) Control diet without SWDG Three WSDG diets (10% of DM) : Formulated to have the same CP concentration as the CON diet (and therefore potentially deficient in DIP; 0DIP) 50% DIP (50DIP) and 100% DIP (100DIP) of the difference in the DIP concentration between the 0DIP and CON added as urea

19 Same level of WSDG (10% of DM), except for Control (0%) CP levels were 12.95, 13.25, 14.01, and 14.68% for CON, 0DIP, 50DIP, and 100DIP, respectively

20 Table 2. Composition and analyzed nutrient content (DM basis) of diets of diets containing increasing concentrations of degraded intake protein (Exp. 2) DIP restored, % Item Control Ingredient Steam-flaked corn Cottonseed hulls Alfalfa hay, ground Urea Cottonseed meal Fat Molasses Sorghum wet distiller s grain Supplement Analyzed composition DM, % CP, % ADF, % EE, % Ca, % P, % Ash, % S, % DIP, % of DM

21 Control differed from all other treatments (P < 0.05) No linear effect of level of DIP restored was observed

22 Control differed from all other treatments (P < 0.05) No linear effect of level of DIP restored was observed

23 Linear effect of DIP level (P 0.08)

24 Control differed from all other treatments (P 0.07) No linear effect of level of DIP restored was observed

25 Control differed from all other treatments (P 0.02) No linear effect of level of DIP restored was observed

26 Results Fat thickness differed between Control and DIP treatments (P 0.02) Fat thickness decreased linearly with DIP level (P 0.02) Yield grade differed between Control and DIP level (P 0.02; Higher for Con) Marbling Score, %Choice, Ribeye area, and dressing percent did not differ among treatments (P > 0.10)

27 Implications These data suggest decreased performance and carcass value with increasing levels of SWDG alone or in combination with increasing levels of DIP when added to a diet based on SFC

28 Texas Tech University Burnett Center Recent Data

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30 Materials and Methods Initial BW = lb 40 pens (160 hd) 4 treatments DRC-0 DRC-15 SFC-0 SFC-15

31 Table 1. Composition and analyzed nutrient content (DM basis) of diets based on dry-rolled or steam-flaked corn, with or without wet sorghum distiller s grains Corn processing method: Dry-rolled Steam-flaked Item WDG concentration, %: Ingredient Corn Sorghum WDG Alfalfa hay, ground Cottonseed hulls Cottonseed meal Urea Fat Molasses Supplement Analyzed composition CP, % ADF, % Fat, % Ca, % P, % K, %, S, %

32 Table 2. Effects of corn processing method and concentration of wet distiller s grains (WDG) on performance by finishing beef steers Corn processing method 1 WDG concentration, % 1 Item DRC SFC P-value P-value 2 SE 3 Initial BW, lb Final BW, lb 1, , , , Adjusted final BW, lb 4 1, , , , Daily gain, lb d 0 to end Adjusted, d 0 to end < Daily DMI, lb/steer d 0 to end < Gain:feed d 0 to end < < Adjusted, d 0 to end < < Corn was either dry rolled (DRC) or steam-flaked (SFC; 30 lb/bu), and WDG concentration was either 0 or 15% of dietary DM. No corn processing method x WDG concentration interactions were detected (P 20). 2 Observed significance levels for corn processing method or WDG concentration main-effect comparisons. 3 Pooled standard error of main-effect means, n = 20 pens/main-effect mean. 4 Adjusted final BW equaled hot carcass weight divided by average dressing percent (62.19%). Adjusted gain (d 0 to end) was calculated from the adjusted final BW and the initial BW, and adjusted gain:feed (d 0 to end) was calculated as the ratio of adjusted ADG to d 0 to end DMI.

33 Table 3. Effects of corn processing method and concentration of wet distiller s grains (WDG) on carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers Corn processing method 1 WDG concentration, % 1 Item DRC SFC P-value P-value 2 SE 3 Hot carcass weight, lb Dressing percent LM area 4, sq. in th rib fat, in KPH, % Yield grade Marbling score 4, Choice or greater 5, % Select or less 6, % Abscessed livers 7, % Corn was either dry rolled (DRC) or steam-flaked (SFC; 30 lb/bu), and WDG concentration was either 0 or 15% of dietary DM. No corn processing method x WDG concentration interactions were detected (P 0.20), except as noted below for marbling score and quality grade data. 2 Observed significance levels for corn processing method or WDG concentration main-effect comparisons. 3 Pooled standard error of main-effect means, n = 20 pens/main-effect mean. 4 LM = longissimus muscle; KPH = kidney, pelvic, and heart fat; Marbling score: 300 = Slight 0 ; 400 = Small 0 ; 500 = Modest 0. 5 Corn processing method x WDG concentration interaction (P = 0.04 for marbling score; P = 0.06 for Choice or greater and Select or less). 6 P-values for Select or less are identical to the Choice or greater values.

34 Table 4. Simple-effect means for variables that showed a significant (P 0.06) corn processing method x wet distiller s grain (WDG) interaction 1 Corn processing method: Dry-rolled Steam-flaked Item WDG concentration, %: SE 2 Marbling score a ab b a Choice or greater, % a ab b ab - Select or less, % Corn was either dry rolled (DRC) steam-flaked (SFC; 30 lb/bu), and WDG concentration was either 0 or 15% of dietary DM. 2 Pooled standard error of simple-effect means, n = 10 pens/simple-effect mean. 3 Marbling score: 300 = Slight 0 ; 400 = Small 0 ; 500 = Modest 0. a,b Row means with different superscripts differ, P < 0.06.

35 BC SDGS Corn Processing Study Performance summary - d 0 to end ADG Data Trt Average of ADG DRC DRC % SFC SFC % Grand Total DMI Data Trt Average of DMI DRC DRC % SFC SFC % Grand Total G:F Data Average of G:F DRC DRC % SFC SFC % Grand Total 0.163

36 Conclusions Contradictory findings Data from these experiments are not consistent with results from previous research with WCDG More research is needed

37 Thank You!