The Eþect of Light and Temperature on Glucosinolate Concentration in the Leaves and Roots of Cabbage Seedlings
|
|
- Marsha Strickland
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 J Sci Food Agric 1998, 78, 208È212 The Eþect of Light and Temperature on Glucosinolate Concentration in the Leaves and Roots of Cabbage Seedlings Eduardo A S Rosa* and Paula M F Rodrigues Section of Horticulture, Department of Field Crops, Universidade de Tra s-os-montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 202, 5001 Vila Real Codex, Portugal (Received 17 April 1997; revised version received 23 January 1998; accepted 8 February 1998) Abstract: In previous studies it was shown that the concentration of total and individual glucosinolates in brassicaceous plants can vary signiðcantly over a 24-h period grown either in the Ðeld or under controlled conditions. The present study shows total and individual glucosinolate variation during a single day. Seedlings of cabbage grown under controlled conditions and at 14 and 15 days after emergence were moved to 20 C (Exp A) and 30 C (Exp B), with a constant photosynthetic photon Ñux density of 480 lmol m~2 s~1 and 75% relative humidity, over a 2-day period, during which time aerial parts and roots were sampled at regular intervals. Whilst the glucosinolate patterns of the aerial part of the plant and of the roots remained the same, the levels of major glucosinolates in the aerial part, averaged over all sampling times and 2 days, were 233 ^ 60 lmol 100 g~1 DW for 3-methylsulphinylpropyl and 72 ^ 22 for 2- propenyl; in the roots, 2-phenylethyl and 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl showed the highest average concentrations, with 678 ^ 355 lmol 100 g~1 DW and 411 ^ 122, respectively. Total and individual glucosinolate levels showed very high signiðcant di erences between the two plant parts. Despite the constant temperature, light and relative humidity, glucosinolates varied within a 24-h period, showing ultradian rhythms that are common to several metabolic processes in plants. The results conðrm previous observations that at a temperature of 20 C, close to the optimum for growth and development, the diurnal variation in glucosinolate concentration, was smaller than at 30 C. ( 1998 Society of Chemical Industry J Sci Food Agric 78, 208È212 (1998) Key words: glucosinolate; temperature; light; relative humidity INTRODUCTION Glucosinolates are naturally occurring compounds in brassicaceous plants which, on hydrolysis by the enzyme myrosinase (thioglucoside glucohydrolase; EC ), liberate, in addition to sulphate ion and glucose, a range of compounds which may include isothiocyanates, nitriles and thiocyanates. These hydrolysis products are associated with several biological e ects that may be either beneðcial, such as the anticarcinogenic activity of isothiocyanates, or detrimental (eg the goitrogenic properties of thiocyanates and oxazolidine-thiones). Such e ects have been described in * To whom correspondence should be addressed. several reviews (Rosa et al 1997; Fenwick et al 1983; Duncan 1991), which also discuss the role of glucosinolates on insect behavior such as attraction, oviposition and feeding deterrence, matters of major concern in an environmental agriculture system. Glucosinolate concentrations have been shown to vary not only between plant species but also between individual parts of the same plant, throughout the growth period and between growing seasons and years (Macfarlane Smith and Grif- Ðths 1988; McGregor 1988; Clossais-Besnard and Larher 1991; Fieldsend and Milford 1994a,b; Rosa et al 1996), suggesting that climate factors are involved in such variation (Rosa et al 1994, 1996; Rosa 1997). Since brassicaceous plants are grown all year around in many parts of the world and under the most diverse climate 208 ( 1998 Society of Chemical Industry. J Sci Food Agric 0022È5142/98/$ Printed in Great Britain
2 E ect of light and temperature on glucosinolate concentration 209 conditions, it is likely that plant products might have di erent glucosinolate concentrations according to the climate in which they are produced and even the period of the day in which they are harvested. SigniÐcant changes in glucosinolate concentration between growing seasons and during a 24 h period might be reñected in the biological properties of brassicaceous plants. In previous work it was shown that glucosinolates in the leaves of young cabbage plants grown under Ðeld conditions can vary within a single day, suggesting a rapid metabolism of these compounds (Rosa et al 1994). In a more recent study under a constant 14 h photoperiod (0700È2100) and two temperature regimes (20 and 30 C), the authors demonstrated variation in total and individual glucosinolate for both aerial parts and roots of developing young cabbage plants (Rosa 1997). The present work describes the e ect of two constant regimes (20 and 30 C) on total and individual glucosinolate levels throughout a 24 h period under controlled constant conditions of light at a photosynthetic photon Ñux density of 480 lmol m~2 s~1 and relative humidity at 75%. Plant material MATERIALS AND METHODS The young plants of the pointed cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata cv Duchy F1) were grown in polypropylene trays with alveoles of 65 cm3 Ðlled with a mixture of 1 vol sand (0É02È0É2 mm) to 3 vol peat compost (Humobact Terreau, Frans Baele, Bailleul, France). Seeds were placed at a depth of 1É5 cm and covered with vermiculite. Trays were placed in a growth cabinet (Conviron E15) under climatic controlled conditions of a 14 h photoperiod (0700È2100), corresponding to a photosynthetic photon Ñux density of 480 lmol m~2 s~1, 75% relative humidity and 25 C during the light cycle and 18 C during the dark cycle. At 12 days after emergence (DAE), light and temperature regimes were changed to a constant 480 lmol m~2 s~1 and 20 C, respectively (Exp A). After 48 h, sampling was started with samples collected at 0200, 0600, 1000, 1400, 1800 and 2200 over a period of two consecutive days (14 and 15 DAE). Another study (Exp B) was conducted in the same way as Exp A, except that temperature was kept at a constant 30 C, with light and relative humidity exactly the same as in the previous experiment. Chemical analysis In both experiments, plants were divided into aerial parts and roots and analysed separately. At harvest, the plants which were at 3È4 true leaf stage, lifted from the alveoles and the intact aerial part was cut at the soil level and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and freeze-dried. The roots were separated from the peat compost by soaking in water and gently washed in a continuous water Ñow to remove all peat residues with minimal damage. After removing excess water with absorbent paper, the roots were frozen in liquid nitrogen and freeze-dried. A total of six plants were used in each of three replicates. Plants were randomly selected, ensuring that at each sampling time each plant was surrounded by others to avoid border e ects. The freezedried material was reduced to a Ðne powder and samples (about 200 mg) were extracted by addition of boiling 90% methanol (3 ml plus 0É4 lmol benzyl glucosinolate as an internal standard) and maintaining boiling for 10 min, a procedure which simultaneously inactivates myrosinase. After Ðltration, the residue was re-extracted twice using boiling 70% methanol (3 ml). The extracts were combined to give a Ðnal volume of 10 ml and an aliquot (3 ml) was evaporated to dryness and taken up in water (3 ml), of which 2 ml was applied to small columns of DEAE Sephadex A 25 and the absorbed glucosinolate desulphated as described by Heaney and Fenwick (1980). Desulphoglucosinolates were eluted with water and analysed using the highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure described by Spinks et al (1984). Glucosinolate concentration was expressed in lmol 100 g~1 DW. Statistical analysis was done using a SuperAnova 1.1 software. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The glucosinolate patterns of the aerial part and the roots of the cabbage plants were similar in both Exp A and B, which is contrary to previous studies (Rosa 1997). The di erence between the two studies may be due to the use of di erent cultivars of the same species, which are likely to a ect glucosinolate patterns (Rosa et al 1997). The major glucosinolates in the aerial part of the cabbage seedlings (Figs 1 and 2), were 3-methylsulphinylpropyl, 2-propenyl and indol-3-ylmethyl, with minor amounts of 2-hydroxybut-3-enyl, 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl, 4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl and 2- phenylethyl glucosinolates. In the roots (Figs 1 and 2), 2-phenylethyl, 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl, 2-propenyl and indol-3-ylmethyl were the main glucosinolates, with minor amounts of 3-methylsulphinylpropyl, 2- hydroxybut-3-enyl and 4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolates. The major glucosinolates in both parts of the plant were the same as in a previous study (Rosa 1997). As previously reported (Rosa 1997), the mean standard errors for total and individual glucosinolates in the roots were larger than for the aerial part of the plant, probably due to inevitable damage during the cleaning
3 210 E A S Rosa, P M F Rodrigues Fig 1. Individual and total glucosinolate variation in the aerial part (K) and roots (L) throughout a 24 h period at a constant temperature of 20 C, 480 lmol m~2 s~1 and 75% relative humidity (Exp A). When SE bars are not shown, the SE is smaller than the symbols. process of the roots leading to some glucosinolate degradation. Negligible mean standard errors were determined for the aerial part which required only minimal cleaning prior to extraction. Total glucosinolates In both experiments (Figs 1 and 2), the levels of total glucosinolates in the roots, averaged over all sampling times, were signiðcantly higher (P \ 0É001) than in the leaves. Higher levels for glucosinolates in roots were Fig 2. Individual and total glucosinolate variation in the aerial part (K) and roots (L) throughout a 24 h period at a constant temperature of 30 C, 480 lmol m~2 s~1 and 75% relative humidity (Exp B). When SE bars are not shown, the SE is smaller than the symbols. also reported in previous studies (Josefsson 1967; Rosa 1997). When comparing the same plant part for total glucosinolate levels at 20 and 30 C, no signiðcant di erences were noted in leaves (386 ^ 71 lmol 100 g~1 DW in Exp A vs 409 ^ 104 in Exp B) whilst, in roots, total glucosinolate levels at 30 C (1635 ^ 684 lmol 100 g~1 DW) were signiðcantly higher (P \ 0É01) than at 20 C (1342 ^ 269 lmol 100 g~1 DW). Although these results are in agreement with previous studies conducted in the Ðeld (Rosa et al 1996) in which summer conditions tend to increase the glucosinolate levels (between 4 and 35%
4 E ect of light and temperature on glucosinolate concentration 211 in the leaves of Ðve Brassica species) when compared to winter seasons, they showed less magnitude of variation probably because the di erences in the temperature regimes were lower than in the Ðeld experiment and because all the other climatic factors were kept constant. In the present study, glucosinolate levels tend to be higher at higher temperature, suggesting that temperature (the only variable) could be responsible for such di erences. Consideration of total glucosinolate levels between sampling times at 20 C (Exp A) showed no signiðcant di erences in the leaves and signiðcant variation (P \ 0É05) in the roots; at 30 C (Exp B) the variation of total glucosinolate levels between sampling times in both parts of the plant was larger (P \ 0É001), probably as a result of temperature stress. These Ðndings are in agreement with previous results (Rosa 1997), further demonstrating that photoperiod is likely to have little interference in glucosinolate variation, since such variation is independent of light/dark conditions. Figure 1 shows that, in the present study, total glucosinolate concentration in the leaves in Exp A are fairly stable; in the roots, there was a sinusoidal-type trend with peaks at 0600 and 2200 following the major glucosinolates 2- phenylethyl and 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl. In Exp B, at a constant 30 C (Fig 2), total glucosinolate concentration in the leaves showed an upward trend also with a sinusoidal-type curve; for concentration, in the roots, this curve type was much clearer, with peaks at 0200 and This also reñected the trend in the concentration of the major glucosinolate. This type of evolution curve corresponds to that described in the ultradian rhythms which have been reported to occur in plants for several metabolic processes such as glycolysis, sap Ñow, enzyme activity and protoplasmic streaming in less than 20 h (Salisbury and Ross 1992). This occurs even under constant illumination and steady conditions, after plants have been tuned to natural conditions. Thus, it is likely that glucosinolates and their precursors will follow a similar trend, since many photoresponses in plants become so enmeshed with the daily change in environmental factors that they become self-sustaining. Di erences between the evolution curves at both temperature regimes might reñect the sensitivity to temperature of most of the ultradian rhythms. Individual glucosinolates The concentration of the major individual glucosinolate, 3-methylsulphinylpropyl, was signiðcantly higher (P \ 0É001) in the aerial part (228 ^ 55 lmol 100 g~1 DW in Exp A and 238 ^ 67 lmol 100 g~1 DW in Exp B) than in the roots (94 ^ 39 lmol 100 g~1 DW in Exp A and 103 ^ 53 lmol 100 g~1 DW in Exp B) when averaged over all sampling times. This tendency had been noted in previous studies (Rosa 1997). When comparing 3-methylsulphinylpropyl glucosinolate levels within the same plant part at the two temperature regimes, no signiðcant di erences were noted. At a constant 20 C and constant light and relative humidity throughout the day (Fig 1), an inverse relationship was noted between the aerial part and roots, with no signiðcant variations between sampling times in both parts of the plant. This Ðnding suggests, as indicated for total glucosinolates, an ultradian rhythm of the 3- methylsulphinylpropyl glucosinolate associated with a turnover between roots and aerial part. When seedlings were submitted to 30 C (Exp B, constant light and relative humidity) (Fig 2), signiðcant di erences (P \ 0É001) were noted between sampling times in both parts of the plant, with levels in the leaves being characterised by an upward trend. Thus, it is likely that, at a temperatures close to stress levels, plants respond with an increase in 3-methylsulphinylpropyl glucosinolate, which is in agreement with previous Ðndings (Rosa 1997). On the other hand, when all the three climatic parameters (temperature, permanent light and relative humidity) were kept constant and under the optimum growing temperatures, 3-methylsulphinylpropyl glucosinolate levels were relatively steady. This is contrary to the results observed when plants were submitted to the same conditions except photoperiod (light cycle 0700È 2100) (Rosa 1997). Thus, light may interfere in the variation of this glucosinolate. Despite its lower concentration, 2-propenyl glucosinolate showed a similar trend to 3-methylsulphinylpropyl in both experiments. However, in this case, the levels in the roots (113 ^ 43 lmol 100 g~1 DW in Exp A and 151 ^ 83 lmol 100 g~1 DW in Exp B) were signiðcantly higher (P \ 0É001) than in the aerial part of the plant (67 ^ 18 lmol 100 g~1 DW in Exp A and 78 ^ 25 lmol 100 g~1 DW in Exp B). The levels of 2- propenyl glucosinolate in both aerial parts and roots varied signiðcantly (P \ 0É001) when temperature was changed from 20 to 30 C. At a constant 20 C and constant light and relative humidity, no signiðcant variations were noted throughout the day in either part of the plant, but, when temperatures was changed to 30 C, the variations were signiðcant (P \ 0É001), as observed in total and 3-methylsulphinylpropyl glucosinolates. These observations and previous results (Rosa 1997) indicate that, under normal growing temperatures, photoperiod has an inñuence on glucosinolate variation throughout the day; at stress temperatures, variations are larger and are almost completely dependent on temperature. This masks the e ect of photoperiod. The inverse relationship between the aerial part and roots suggested in the previous study (Rosa 1997) was only partly supported at a constant 20 C and constant light and relative humidity (Fig 1), probably as an e ect of permanent light. Indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate generally follows the same trend as the other two major glucosinolates in the aerial part of the plant and in the roots. When averaged
5 212 E A S Rosa, P M F Rodrigues over all sampling times and in both experiments, levels in the roots (127 ^ 50 lmol 100 g~1 DW) were signiðcantly higher (P \ 0É001) than in the aerial part (71 ^ 17 lmol 100 g~1 DW). SigniÐcant di erences (P \ 0É001) were noted between the two temperature regimes in the aerial parts (67 ^ 13 lmol 100 g~1 DW in Exp A and 75 ^ 21 lmol 100 g~1 DW in Exp B) and roots (89 ^ 22 lmol 100 g~1 DW in Exp A and 165 ^ 39 lmol 100 g~1 DW in Exp B). However, throughout the day, signiðcant di erences (P \ 0É05) were noted only for the aerial part of the plant at 20 C; at 30 C and despite the large variation in the roots, no signiðcant di erences were noted due to the large SE errors. The concentration of the two major glucosinolates in the roots, 2-phenylethyl and 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl were signiðcantly higher (P \ 0É001) than in the aerial parts where levels were less than 7 lmol 100 g~1 DW. Levels of both glucosinolates at a constant 20 C were signiðcantly lower than at 30 C (629 ^ 181 lmol 100 g~1 DW vs 727 ^ 475 lmol 100 g~1 DW for 2- phenylethyl and 391 ^ 83 lmol 100 g~1 DW vs 431 ^ 152 lmol 100 g~1 DW for 1-methoxyindol-3- ylmethyl). When plants were submitted to 30 C, changes in levels of 2-phenylethyl glucosinolate throughout the day were larger (P \ 0É001) than at 20 C. Thus, it seems that stress temperatures induced larger 2-phenylethyl variations between sampling times, which is in agreement with previous results (Rosa 1997). For 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate, signiðcant di erences (P \ 0É01) were noted throughout the day only at 20 C, the variation at 30 C probably being covered by the large SE. In common with other individual glucosinolates in this study, 2-phenylethyl and 1- methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl also showed the ultradian rhythms in a sinusoidal curve type with more or less variation according to temperature but with the inñuence due to light. Similar evolution trends were noted under photoperiodic conditions (0700È2100) (Rosa 1997). In comparison with the variations in the daily glucosinolate level observed either under Ðeld conditions (Rosa et al 1994) or controlled climatic conditions (Rosa 1997), the present study reveals that no large changes throughout the day could be observed when temperature, light and relative humidity are kept constant at an optimum growth and development temperature; at temperatures close to stress, variations are larger. CONCLUSIONS There were large di erences in total glucosinolate concentrations between the aerial part of the plant and the roots when growing conditions, except temperature, were kept constant. Even under constant conditions, seedlings exhibit the ultradian rhythms for glucosinolates which are more pronounced when temperatures are above the optimum for growth and development. At optimum temperatures, photoperiod inñuences the synthesis of major glucosinolates throughout the day; however, when the temperature is closer to that inducing stress, the e ect of light is almost negligible, variations being mainly due to temperature. Thus, it is likely that glucosinolates accompany the evolution of other plant constituents throughout the day as a response to external factors of environment. REFERENCES Clossais-Besnard N, Larher F 1991 Physiological role of glucosinolates in Brassica napus: concentration and distribution pattern of glucosinolates among plant organs during a complete life cycle. J Sci Food Agric 56 25È38. Duncan A J 1991 Glucosinolates. In: T oxic Substances in Crop Plants, ed Felix DÏMello J P, Du us C M & Du us J H. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, pp 126È 147. Fenwick G R, Heaney R K, Mullin W J 1983 Glucosinolates and their breakdown products in food and food plants. CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr È201. Fieldsend J, Milford G F J 1994a Changes in glucosinolates during crop development in single- and double-low genotypes of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus). I: Production and distribution in vegetative tissues and developing pods during development and potential role in the recycling of sulphur within the crop. Ann Appl Biol È542. Fieldsend J, Milford G F J 1994b Changes in glucosinolates during crop development in single- and double-low genotypes of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus). II: ProÐles and tissue-water concentrations in vegetative tissues and developing pods. Ann Appl Biol È555. Heaney R K, Fenwick G R 1980 Glucosinolates in Brassica vegetables: analysis of 22 varieties of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var gemmifera). J Sci Food Agric È 793. Josefsson E 1967 Distribution of thioglucosides in di erent parts of Brassica plants. Phytochemistry È1627. Macfarlane Smith W, Griffiths D W 1988 A time-course study of glucosinolates in the ontogeny of forage rape (Brassica napus L). J Sci Food Agric È134. McGregor D I 1988 Glucosinolate content of developing rapeseed (Brassica napus L MidasÏ) seedlings. Can J Plant Sci È380. Rosa E 1997 Daily variation of glucosinolate concentration in the leaves and roots of cabbage seedlings in two constant temperature regimes. J Sci Food Agric È368. Rosa E, Heaney R K, Rego F C, Fenwick G R 1994 The variation of glucosinolate concentration during a single day in young plants of Brassica oleracea var acephala and capitata. J Sci Food Agric È463. Rosa E, Heaney, R K, Fenwick G R, Portas C A M 1996 Changes in glucosinolates concentrations in Brassica crops (B oleracea and B napus) throughout growing seasons. J Sci Food Agric È244. Rosa E, Heaney, R K, Fenwick G R, Portas C A M 1997 Glucosinolates in crop plants. Hort Rev 19 99È215. Salisbury F B, Ross C W 1992 Plant Physiology (4th edn). Wadsworth, Belmont, CA, USA. Spinks A, Sones K, Fenwick G R 1984 The quantitative analysis of glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables, oilseeds and forage crops using high-performance liquid chromatography. Fette Seif Anstrichmitte È231.
Daily Variation in Glucosinolate Concentrations in the Leaves and Roots of Cabbage Seedlings in Two Constant Temperature Regimes
J Sci Food Agric 1997, 73, 364È368 Daily Variation in Glucosinolate Concentrations in the Leaves and Roots of Cabbage Seedlings in Two Constant Temperature Regimes Eduardo A S Rosa Section of Horticulture,
More informationEffect of post-harvest treatments on the level of glucosinolates in broccoli
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture J Sci Food Agric 79:1028±1032 (1999) Effect of post-harvest treatments on the level of glucosinolates in broccoli Ana S Rodrigues and Eduardo AS Rosa* Section
More informationSINIGRIN GLUCOSINOLATE: SPECTRAL AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS BEFORE AND AFTER ENZYME-ASSISTED SULPHATASE HYDROLYSIS
Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Fascicula Protecţia Mediului Vol. XIX, 2012 SINIGRIN GLUCOSINOLATE: SPECTRAL AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS BEFORE AND AFTER ENZYME-ASSISTED SULPHATASE HYDROLYSIS
More informationGlucosinolates in Brassica foods: bioavailability in food and significance for human health
Phytochem Rev (2008) 7:213 229 DOI 10.1007/s11101-007-9072-2 Glucosinolates in Brassica foods: bioavailability in food and significance for human health María Elena Cartea Æ Pablo Velasco Received: 11
More informationGlucosinolate Content and Myrosinase Activity in Rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea Grown in a Controlled Environment
J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 129(3):321 330. 2004. Glucosinolate Content and Myrosinase Activity in Rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea Grown in a Controlled Environment Craig S. Charron and Carl E. Sams 1 Department
More informationKey Words: Brassica oleraceae, glucosinolate, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, FNH-I-003
IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR GLUCOSINOLATES IN BROCCOLI (Brassica oleracea var. italica) BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY (LC-MS) AND DETERMINATION OF ANTICANCER PROPERTIES OF BROCCOLI EXTRACTS Carlos
More informationNovel approach to intensify the formation of the bioactive sulforaphane in cooked Brassica vegetables
Novel approach to intensify the formation of the bioactive sulforaphane in cooked Brassica vegetables Dr. Sameer Khalil Ghawi, University of Reading, UK Glucosinolates-myrosinase system in Brassica vegetables
More informationAROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN THREE VARIETIES OF TURNIP GREENS HARVESTED AT THREE MATURITY LEVELS
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Nutrition and Health Sciences -- Faculty Publications Nutrition and Health Sciences, Department of 2007 AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF THE GLUCOSINOLATES AND ISOTHIOCYANATES IN MALUNGGAY
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GLUCOSINOLATES AND ISOTHIOCYANATES IN MALUNGGAY (Moringa oleifera L.) EXTRACTS AND DETERMINATION OF THEIR MYROSINASE ACTIVITY AND ANTICANCER PROPERTIES Raymond S. Malabed 1 and
More informationAlimentación, nutrición y dietética GLUCOSINOLATES AND HUMAN HEALTH.
GLUCOSINOLATES AND HUMAN HEALTH. Ian.T. Johnson Institute of Food Research. Norwich Research Park Colney, NORWICH. NR4 7UA, UK Tel. +44 (0)1603 255330 ian.johnson@bbsrc.ac.uk Abstract The glucosinolates
More informationPractical experiments / Oil/protein crops
ASPECTS OF PRODUCT QUALITY IN PLANT PRODUCTION Practical experiments / Oil/protein crops 1. Glucosinolates 2. NIRS for oil / protein / carbohydrate content Analytical methods for crop Pre-requisites quality
More informationA -GLS Arabidopsis Cuscuta gronovii
-GLS Arabidopsis Cuscuta gronovii internal standard 4MS Wildtype Arabidopsis Cuscuta gronovii base Cuscuta gronovii apex 3MSP internal standard MSP 4MT 8MSO 4MO 1MO Figure S1. Representative HPLC-DAD chromatograms
More informationInvestigating the probable cause of crop decline in central Oahu A.P. Pant, N.V. Hue, J. Uyeda, J. Sugano, and T. Radovich
HanaiʻAi/The Food Provider June July August 2013 Investigating the probable cause of crop decline in central Oahu A.P. Pant, N.V. Hue, J. Uyeda, J. Sugano, and T. Radovich Summary Extension agents brought
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF EARLY CAULIFLOWER GERMPLASM UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS
NSave Nature to Survive 9(2): 869-874, 2014 (Supplement on Genetics and Plant Breeding) www.thebioscan.in CHARACTERIZATION OF EARLY CAULIFLOWER GERMPLASM UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS H. M. SANTHOSHA 1 *,
More informationQuality of oilseeds, protein crops and fibre plants
Aspects of Product Quality in Plant Production ASPECTS OF PRODUCT QUALITY IN PLANT PRODUCTION Oil and protein analytics (Practical experiments) J. Vollmann, November 2016 1. Glucosinolates 2. NIRS for
More informationDOI: /BJN British Journal of Nutrition (2003), 90, q The Authors 2003
British Journal of Nutrition (2003), 90, 687 697 q The Authors 2003 DOI: 10.1079/BJN2003917 Development of a food composition database for the estimation of dietary intakes of glucosinolates, the biologically
More informationNOTE ABOUT SULPHUR FERTILIZATION OF WINTER RAPESEED
NOTE ABOUT SULPHUR FERTILIZATION OF WINTER RAPESEED A. MERRIEN 1 ABSTRACT Plant nutrition management needs parameters like requirements (absorption curves), sensitivity to deficiency at different growth
More informationA Chromatographic Method for Separating and Identifying Intact 4-Methylthio-3-Butenyl Glucosinolate in Japanese Radish (Raphanus sativus L.
JARQ 42 (2), 109114 (2008) http://www.jircas.affrc.go.jp A Chromatographic Method for Separating and Identifying Intact 4-Methylthio-3-Butenyl Glucosinolate in Japanese Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Hidekazu
More informationDetermination of Nitrogen and Sulphur Ratio for Optimum Biomass and Glucosinolate Production in Brassica juncea(l.) for Biofumigationin
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-issn: 2319-2380, p-issn: 2319-2372. Volume 10, Issue 10 Ver. IV (October 2017), PP 18-23 www.iosrjournals.org Determination of Nitrogen
More informationHIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE
Research Paper THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE Vol. 6 Issue 2 December, 2011 388-392 Article history: Received : 16.08.2011 Revised : 07.09.2011 Accepted : 04.10.2011 Effect of integrated nutrient management
More informationPLANT SCIENCE MEETS FOOD SCIENCE: GENETIC EFFECTS OF GLUCOSINOLATE DEGRADATION DURING FOOD PROCESSING IN BRASSICA
PLANT SCIENCE MEETS FOOD SCIENCE: GENETIC EFFECTS OF GLUCOSINOLATE DEGRADATION DURING FOOD PROCESSING IN BRASSICA Kristin Hennig Thesis committee Thesis supervisor Prof. dr. ir. Martinus A. J. S. van Boekel
More informationN:P:K 2:3:3 N:P:K 10:6:4
N:P:K 2:3:3 & N:P:K 10:6:4 These organic fertilizers are the breakthrough results of over 40 years in biotechnological research and are being widely used in South East Asia, Australia and The Middle East.
More informationJ. ISSAAS Vol. 16, No. 1:48-54 (2010)
J. ISSAAS Vol. 16, No. 1:48-54 (21) CRITICAL NUTRIENT UPTAKE ABILITY OF TOMATO PLANTS (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) GROWN USING THE NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE (NFT) BY DESCENDING NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION METHOD
More informationProcessing-bioprocessing of oilseed rape in bioenergy production and value added utilization of remaining seed components
Processing-bioprocessing of oilseed rape in bioenergy production and value added utilization of remaining seed components C.L. Bagger, 1 N. Bellostas 2, S.K Jensen 3, H. Sørensen 1, J. C. Sørensen 1, S.
More informationGenetic Variability and Correlation Studies in Brassica Napus L. Genotypes
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies ISSN 2028-9324 Vol. 2 No. 4 Apr. 2013, pp. 574-581 2013 Innovative Space of Scientific Research Journals http://www.issr-journals.org/ijias/ Genetic
More informationAmplification of Sulforaphane Content in Red Cabbage by Pressure and Temperature Treatments
J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem. 54(2), 183-187 (2011) Article Amplification of Sulforaphane Content in Red Cabbage by Pressure and Temperature Treatments Song Yi Koo 1, Kwang Hyun Cha 1, Dae-Geun Song
More informationEffect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficiency on the uptake and mobilization of ions in Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum)
J. Biosci., Vol. 3 Number 3, September 1981, pp. 249-257. Printed in India, Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficiency on the uptake and mobilization of ions in Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum)
More informationVariations in Diurnal Uptake of Water and Nutrients by Tomato Plants. Hydroponically
J.Japan.Soc.Hort.Sci.60(3):547-553.1991. Variations in Diurnal Uptake of Water and Nutrients by Tomato Plants Grown Hydroponically Satoshi Terabayashi, Ken Takii and Takakazu Namiki Faculty of Agriculture,
More informationLime Fertilizer Interactions Affecting Vegetable Crop Production' Delbert D. Hemphill, Jr., and T. L. ABSTRACT
109 Lime Fertilizer Interactions Affecting Vegetable Crop Production' Delbert D. Hemphill, Jr., and T. L. Jackson2 ABSTRACT Experiments at the North Willamette Experiment Station have evaluated response
More informationFENVALERATE (119) EXPLANATION
157 FENVALERATE (119) EXPLANATION Fenvalerate has been reviewed by the JMPR in 1979, 1981, 1982 and 1984-1988, at which times numerous maximum residue levels were estimated or revised. The 1988 JMPR proposed
More informationGreen manure effects on soilborne pathogens
Green manure effects on soilborne pathogens Jeffrey K. Stone and Everett M. Hansen Abstract - Green manures from cover crops incorporated into nursery soils stimulated growth of pathogenic soil fungi.
More information(51) Int Cl. 7 : A01H 5/10. (86) International application number: PCT/GB99/01079
(19) Europäisches Patentamt European Patent Office Office européen des brevets *EP0069819B1* (11) (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (4) Date of publication and mention of the grant of the patent: 24.07.02
More informationLessons from swedes disease outbreak
Issue 29 MARCH 2016 Lessons from swedes disease outbreak Dawn Dalley and Sue Petch, DairyNZ In the winter of 2014, dairy farmers across Southland and South Otago encountered high incidences of illness
More informationTrypsin inhibitor activity of legume seeds (peas, chickling vetch, lentils, and soya beans) as affected by the technique of harvest
Animal Feed Science and Technology 86 (2000) 261±265 Research note Trypsin inhibitor activity of legume seeds (peas, chickling vetch, lentils, and soya beans) as affected by the technique of harvest E.
More information5.23 PROPAMOCARB (148)
Propamocarb 291 5.23 PROPAMOCARB (148) RESIDUE AND ANALYTICAL ASPECTS Propamocarb is a systemic carbamate fungicide with specific activity against Oomycete species that cause seed, seedling, root, foot
More informationIndex of Root Carbohydrates Contents for Salt Tolerance in Alfalfa
2013 International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Agriculture IPCBEE vol.57 (2013) (2013) IACSIT Press, Singapore DOI: 10.7763/IPCBEE. 2013. V57. 9 Index of Root Carbohydrates Contents for Salt
More informationGlobodera pallida suppression and glucosinolate depletion in soil cultivated with brassicas under glasshouse conditions
Globodera pallida suppression and glucosinolate depletion in soil cultivated with brassicas under glasshouse conditions Bruno M. Ngala, Simon R. Woods & Matthew A. Back Background I PCN - Destructive pests
More informationMONTFORT Françoise. oise,, COLLIN F., LEMARCHAND E., MORLIERE S., POGGI S.
An experimental approach in controlled conditions for understanding biofumigation effects at the succession scale on Rhizoctonia solani expression on carrots MONTFORT Françoise oise,, COLLIN F., LEMARCHAND
More informationToxicity of Glucosinolates and Their Enzymatic Decomposition Products to Caenorhabditis elegans
Journal of Nematology 27(3):258-262. 1995. The Society of Nematologists 1995. Toxicity of Glucosinolates and Their Enzymatic Decomposition Products to Caenorhabditis elegans STEVEN G. DONKIN, 1 MARK A.
More informationAn Investigative Study of Reactions Involving Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates
An Investigative Study of Reactions Involving Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates Alzea Chrisel H. Alea 1, Diane Elaine T. Co 2 and Marissa G Noel 3* 1,2,3Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401
More informationREPORT TO THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE OREGON PROCESSED VEGETABLE COMMISSION December 2010 Project Title: Management of Fusarium
REPORT TO THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE OREGON PROCESSED VEGETABLE COMMISSION December 21 Project Title: Management of Fusarium diseases of sweet corn in the PNW: microflora influence on
More informationEffect of Light Irradiation on the D-Alanylglycine Content in Rice Leaf Blades
Plant & Cell Physiol. 24(6): 37-42 (983) Effect of Light Irradiation on the D-Alanylglycine Content in Rice Leaf Blades Hisashi Manabe and Koji Ohira 2 Aizu Junior College of Fukushima Prefecture, Aizuwakamatsu
More informationExtraction and Characterization of Galactomannan from Guar Seeds
TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Extraction and Characterization of Galactomannan from Guar Seeds Noureddine Abidi, PhD. noureddine.abidi@ttu.edu Managing Director and Associate Professor Fiber and Biopolymer Research
More informationOlfactory response in caterpillars of Pieris rapae for host recognition
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences The Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences The ecology department Olfactory response in caterpillars of Pieris rapae for host recognition Tomas
More informationExogenous Methyl Jasmonate Treatment Increases Glucosinolate Biosynthesis and Quinone Reductase Activity in Kale Leaf Tissue
Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Treatment Increases Glucosinolate Biosynthesis and Quinone Reductase Activity in Kale Leaf Tissue Kang-Mo Ku 1, Elizabeth H. Jeffery 2, John A. Juvik 1 * 1 Department of Crop
More informationEFFECTIVENESS OF SOME INSECTICIDES AGAINST CABBAGE APHID, BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE (LINNAEUS) (APHIDIDAE: HOMOPTERA)
Journal of Research (Science), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Vol.13, No.2, December 2002, pp. 145-150 ISSN 1021-1012 EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME INSECTICIDES AGAINST CABBAGE APHID, BREVICORYNE
More informationStir-Frying of Chinese Cabbage and Pakchoi Retains Health-Promoting Glucosinolates
Plant Foods Hum Nutr (7) 7:9 https://doi.org/.7/s-7-66-x ORIGINAL PAPER Stir-Frying of Chinese Cabbage and Pakchoi Retains Health-Promoting Glucosinolates Probo Y. Nugrahedi, & Teresa Oliviero & Jenneke
More informationE. Lyons, K. Jordan, and K. Carey. Department of Plant Agriculture and the Guelph Turfgrass Institute, University of Guelph, Ontario.
Sponsor: Evaluation of turfgrass seed mixtures under low input and standard home lawn maintenance regimes E. Lyons, K. Jordan, and K. Carey Department of Plant Agriculture and the Guelph Turfgrass Institute,
More informationEMBRYOGENIC RESPONSIBILITY OF SELECTED GENOTYPES OF BRASSICA CARINATA A. BRAUN TO MICROSPORE CULTURE
EMBRYOGENIC RESPONSIBILITY OF SELECTED GENOTYPES OF BRASSICA CARINATA A. BRAUN TO MICROSPORE CULTURE EYASU A., BECHYNĚ M., KLÍMA M., VYVADILOVÁ M. Abstract Microspore culture protocol has been modified
More informationEffects of Temperature and ph on Myrosinase Activity and Gluconasturtiin Hydrolysis Products in Watercress
Transactions on Science and Technology Vol. 3, No. 2, 449-454, 2016 Effects of Temperature and ph on Myrosinase Activity and Gluconasturtiin Hydrolysis Products in Watercress Nurazilah Farhana Binti Aripin,
More information5.10 DIFENOCONAZOLE (224)
Difenoconazole 195 5.10 DIFENOCONAZOLE (224) RESIDUE AND ANALYTICAL ASPECTS Difenoconazole was evaluated by the JMPR for the first time in 2007 when an ADI of 0 0.01 mg/kg bw and an ARfD of 0.3 mg/kg bw
More informationINTRODUCTION TO VISCOFOL. Revolutionary high viscosity foliar feeds
INTRODUCTION TO VISCOFOL Revolutionary high viscosity foliar feeds Contents Page 1 Page 2 Pages 3-5 Page 6 Page 7 Pages 8 27 GCiC launches VISCOFOL Why choose VISCOFOL? VISCOFOL formulation technology
More informationINITIAL BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE PARTITIONING OF CONTRASTING ELEPHANTGRASS GENOTYPES. L.P. Passos, M.C. Vidigal and R.S.
INITIAL BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE PARTITIONING OF CONTRASTING ELEPHANTGRASS GENOTYPES ID # 12 14 L.P. Passos, M.C. Vidigal and R.S. Verneque EMBRAPA - CNPGL R. Eugênio do Nascimento,
More informationGLUCOSINOLATES IN KALE GENOTYPES FROM THE BLACKSEA REGION OF TURKEY
Articles A&EB GLUCOSINOLATES IN KALE GENOTYPES FROM THE BLACKSEA REGION OF TURKEY G. Sarıkamış 1, A. Balkaya 2, R.Yanmaz 1 Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Ankara,
More informationThe role of water in the maintenance of life
Inorganic compounds The role of water in the maintenance of life As mentioned in Table (Reference), up to 65% of our bodies are made up of water. Water is an inorganic compound made up of two hydrogen
More informationREP18/CF-Appendix VI 1
REP18/CF-Appendix VI 1 APPENDIX VI PROPOSED DRAFT CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE REDUCTION OF 3-MONOCHLOROPROPANE-1,2- DIOL ESTERS (3-MCPDE) AND GLYCIDYL ESTERS (GE) IN REFINED OILS AND FOOD PRODUCTS MADE WITH
More informationHERE ARE SOME ANSWERS TO OUR CUSTOMERS MOST OFTEN ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT Calcium-25
HERE ARE SOME ANSWERS TO OUR CUSTOMERS MOST OFTEN ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT Calcium-25 1. What is Calcium-25? See also Table of Contents pages (2013) Calcium-25 is a unique crop yield-enhancing supplement
More informationVariation in content of bioactive components in broccoli
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 16 (2003) 323 330 JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS www.elsevier.com/locate/jfca Study review Variation in content of bioactive components in broccoli E.H.
More informationUnderstanding a Soil Report
Understanding a Soil Report AGRONOMY SOIL ANALYSIS 1. Soil ph Soil ph is a measure of the acidity in the soil. An acidic soil has a greater amount of hydrogen (H+) ions and a ph below 7.0. Values above
More informationVariation in glucosinolate of seed and leaves through induction of sulfur in cotyledon and hypocotyls regenerates of mustard (Brassica Juncea L.
2016, TextRoad Publication ISSN: 2090-4274 Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences www.textroad.com Variation in glucosinolate of seed and leaves through induction of sulfur in cotyledon
More informationAnalytical Method for 2, 4, 5-T (Targeted to Agricultural, Animal and Fishery Products)
Analytical Method for 2, 4, 5-T (Targeted to Agricultural, Animal and Fishery Products) The target compound to be determined is 2, 4, 5-T. 1. Instrument Liquid Chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS)
More informationBioactive glucosinolates and antioxidant properties of broccoli seeds cultivated in Thailand
ORIGINAL ARTICLE of broccoli seeds cultivated in Thailand Sarunya Chuanphongpanich 1, Sukon Phanichphant 2, Duang Bhuddasukh 3, Maitree Suttajit 4 and Busaban Sirithunyalug 5 Abstract Chuanphongpanich,
More informationCreative Commons: Attribution Noncommercial No Derivative Works 4.0
Thermal and pressure stability of myrosinase enzymes from black mustard (Brassica nigra L. W.D.J Koch. var. nigra), brown mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. var. juncea) and yellow mustard (Sinapsis alba
More informationKOHINOR 350 INSECTICIDE
WARNING KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN KOHINOR 350 INSECTICIDE A systemic insecticide for the control of thrips in onions and cabbage aphids in vegetable brassicas and aphids in lettuce (cell transplants)
More informationN. Bellostas 1, C. Bjergegaard 1, S.K Jensen 2, H. Sørensen 1 J. C. Sørensen 1, S. Sørensen 1
Nutritional value of cruciferous oilseed crops in relation to profile of accumulated biomolecules with especial regard to glucosinolate transformation products N. Bellostas 1, C. Bjergegaard 1, S.K Jensen
More informationScreening of Chinese brassica species for anti-cancer sulforaphane and erucin
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 7 (2), pp. 147-152, 18 January, 2008 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb ISSN 1684 5315 2008 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Screening
More informationCancer Chemoprotective Effects of Cruciferous Vegetables
Cancer Chemoprotective Effects of Cruciferous Vegetables Jed W. Fahey and Katherine K. Stephenson The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Brassica
More informationPhytochemical analysis and antifungal activity of Cauliflower stem (Brassica oleraceae var botrytis L.)
Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity of Cauliflower stem (Brassica oleraceae var botrytis L.) Gowri, G 1 and Manimegalai, K 2 1,2 Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science
More informationSYNOPSIS STUDIES ON THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES FROM GROUNDNUT AND SOYBEAN ISOLATES
1 SYNOPSIS STUDIES ON THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES FROM GROUNDNUT AND SOYBEAN ISOLATES Proteins are important in food processing and food product development, as they are
More informationEffect of Harvest Season, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Root Yield, Echinacoside and Alkylamides in Echinacea angustifolia L.
Effect of Harvest Season, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Root Yield, Echinacoside and Alkylamides in Echinacea angustifolia L. in Chile M. Berti, R. Wilckens and S. Fischer Facultad de Agronomía
More informationKey words: Liverwort, glucosinolate hydrolysis product, growing media amendment, suppression, growing media, Marchantia polymorpha
Project title Liverwort control using novel techniques Project number: HNS 175 Project leader: Jill England, ADAS Boxworth Report: Year 2 report, March 2011 Key staff: Dr Jill England - Project leader
More informationQuality and yield of Indian mustard genotypes as influenced by different fertility levels
Quality and yield of Indian mustard genotypes as influenced by different fertility levels R.S.Banga, Kamal Dhawan and Dhiraj Singh Oilseeds Section, Department of Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural.University,
More informationAnti-nutritional factors in canola produced in the Western and Southern Cape areas of South Africa
South African Journal of Animal Science 2007, 37 (1) 45 Anti-nutritional factors in canola produced in the Western and Southern Cape areas of South Africa T.S. Brand 1,2#, N. Smith 2 and L.C. Hoffman 2
More informationProject Title: Development of GEM line starch to improve nutritional value and biofuel production
Project Title: Development of GEM line starch to improve nutritional value and biofuel production Prepared by Jay-lin Jane and Hanyu Yangcheng, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State
More informationSilicon Forms in Soluble Pectin Substances Extracted by Hot Water from Plant Cell Wall
Received for Publication, October, Silicon Forms in Soluble Pectin Substances Extracted by Hot Water from Plant Cell Wall Shunji INANAGA, Naoya CHISHAKI and Neng Chang CHEN Laboratory of Plant Nutrition
More informationG. PINEL 1, S. MATHIEU 1, N. CESBRON 2, D. MAUME 1, H. F. DE BRABANDER 3, F. ANDRE 1, & B. LE BIZEC 1
Food Additives and Contaminants, ctober 2006; 23(10): 974 980 Evidence that urinary excretion of thiouracil in adult bovine submitted to a cruciferous diet can give erroneous indications of the possible
More informationProbiotic vegetable foods containing health promoting. molecules.
Track 11/SubTrack 11-5: Probiotic foods and beverages Probiotic vegetable foods containing health promoting molecules. F. Valerio, S. L. Lonigro, M. Di Biase, Sisto, A. De Bellis P., M. Dekker, P. Lavermicocca
More informationEffects of Storage Temperature on Carbohydrate Content and Seedling Quality of Cabbage Plug Seedlings
Original Paper Environ. Control in Biol., 37(4), 249-255, 1999 Effects of Storage Temperature on Carbohydrate Content and Seedling Quality of Cabbage Plug Seedlings Fumio SATO, Hiroshi Y0sx10KA and Takahiro
More informationResponse of Cabbage Plants (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata L. ) to Fertilization with Chicken Manure, Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizer and Humic Acid
Response of Cabbage Plants (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata L. ) to Fertilization with Chicken Manure, Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizer and Humic Acid El-Sharkawy, Gehan. A., and H. S. Abdel-Razzak 1 ABSTRACT
More informationReview Glucosinolates in Brassica vegetables: The influence of the food supply chain on intake, bioavailability and human health
Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2009, 53, 000 000 DOI 10.1002/mnfr.200800065 1 Review Glucosinolates in Brassica vegetables: The influence of the food supply chain on intake, bioavailability and human health Ruud
More informationwww.students-resource.com Location Entry Codes As part of CIE s continual commitment to maintaining best practice in assessment, CIE uses different variants of some question papers for our most popular
More informationGlucosinolates within a collection of white head cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. capitata sub.var. alba) from Turkey
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 8 (19), pp. 46-2, October, 29 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb ISSN 1684 31 29 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Glucosinolates within
More informationInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences DISTRIBUTIO OF WITHA OLIDE A CO TE T I VARIOUS ORGA S OF WITHA IA SOM IFERA (L.) DU AL.
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences DISTRIBUTIO OF WITHA OLIDE A CO TE T I VARIOUS ORGA S OF WITHA IA SOM IFERA (L.) DU AL. N. PRAVEEN, P. M. NAIK, S. H. MANOHAR AND H. N. MURTHY* Plant laboratory,
More informationRESPONSE OF TOMATO AND CORN PLANTS TO INCREASING Cd LEVELS IN NUTRIENT CULTURE
Pak. J. Bot., 37(3): 593--599, 2005. RESPONSE OF TOMATO AND CORN PLANTS TO INCREASING Cd LEVELS IN NUTRIENT CULTURE * NESRIN YILDIZ Department of Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture,
More informationThe role of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis in pathogens, herbivores, and humans A Review. 4/9/2014 Colorado State University Jessica V Eilers
The role of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis in pathogens, herbivores, and humans A Review 4/9/2014 Colorado State University Jessica V Eilers 2 Abstract Glucosinolates are characteristic in the Brassicaceae
More informationExample: Ammonium Sulphate (also called Sulphate of Ammonia) is composed of the following:
Atoms are made up of smaller particles that are held together by electrical or magnetic forces. Each atom is, in effect, like a mini solar system with a cluster of particles called electrons orbiting it.
More informationSupplementary Figures
Supplementary Figures 9 10 11 Supplementary Figure 1. Old plants are more resistant to insect herbivores than young plants. (a) Image of young (1-day-old, 1D) and old (-day-old, D) plants of Arabidopsis
More informationwestern Canadian mustard 2003
Quality of western Canadian mustard 2003 Douglas R. DeClercq Program Manager, Oilseeds Services James K. Daun Section Head, Oilseeds and Pulses Contact: Douglas R. DeClercq Program Manager, Oilseeds Services
More informationResponse of olive seedlings to foliar sprays with amino acids and some micro elements
AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF NORTH AMERICA ISSN Print: 2151-7517, ISSN Online: 2151-7525, doi:10.5251/abjna.2011.2.7.1108.1112 2011, ScienceHuβ, http://www.scihub.org/abjna Response of olive seedlings
More informationOptimization Method for Determination of Carbofuran and Carboxin Residues in Cabbages by SPE and HPLC-UV
Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2007; 34(2) 227 Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2007; 34(2) : 227-234 www.science.cmu.ac.th/journal-science/josci.html Contributed Paper Optimization Method for Determination of Carbofuran and Carboxin
More informationInvestigation the quality and quantity of Melissa officinalis L. under chemical and bio-fertilizers of sulfur
International Journal of Biosciences IJB ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print) 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub.net Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 92-96, 2014 RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS Investigation the quality and quantity
More informationOptimization of extraction method and profiling of plant phenolic compounds through RP-HPLC
Chapter III Optimization of extraction method and profiling of plant phenolic compounds through RP-HPLC 1. INTRODUCTION Phenolics compounds are naturally present antioxidants, found in a variety of plant
More information16 th Australian Research Assembly on Brassicas. Ballarat Victoria 2009
A Leptosphaeria biglobosa 'canadensis' isolate induced resistance in Brassica and Brassica against Leptosphaeria (Desm.) Ces. et de Not. V. Thomas 1,5, R. M Norton 2, S.J Marcroft 2 and P.A Salisbury 3,
More informationSpecialists In Soil Fertility, Plant Nutrition and Irrigation Water Quality Management.
Specialists In Soil Fertility, Plant Nutrition and Irrigation Water Quality Management. TOMATOES T PLANT NUTRITION & SAMPLING NOTES - 1 Noel Garcia, CCA he most important aspect of tomato production (field,
More informationRESEARCH ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF WINTER RAPESEED HYBRID VARIETIES IN POLAND
RESEARCH ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF WINTER RAPESEED HYBRID VARIETIES IN POLAND Iwona BARTKOWIAK-BRODA, Wiesława POPLAWSKA, Alina LIERSCH, Maria OGRODOWCZYK Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institut (IHAR)
More informationSequential Extraction of Plant Metabolites
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 2 (2015) pp. 33-38 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Sequential Extraction of Plant Metabolites Shankar L. Laware* PG. Department of Botany, Fergusson College
More informationPotassium improves the assimilation of CO 2 (photosynthesis) and the relocation of the formed products.
4 4.1 Role in citrus production. Potassium (K) is involved in activation of many enzyme reactions in the biology of the plant. More than 60 enzymatic reactions require potassium for optimal functioning.
More informationTHE IDENTIFICATION OF PHENOLIC ACIDS BY HPLC METHOD FROM STRAWBERRIES. Abstract
M. Cioroi. Scientifical Researches. Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies, Volume XI, No. 1 (2005), 211-216 THE IDENTIFICATION OF PHENOLIC ACIDS BY HPLC METHOD FROM STRAWBERRIES Maria Cioroi, Department
More informationIN a previous paper (Wood & BarHen, 1939) an experiment was described wherein
5 STUDIES ON THE SULPHUR METABOLISM OF PLANTS II. THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUPPLY ON THE AMOUNTS OF PROTEIN SULPHUR, SULPHATE SULPHUR AND ON THE VALUE OF THE RATIO OF PROTEIN NITROGEN TO PROTEIN SULPHUR
More informationImproving the Efficiency of Soil and Foliar Nitrogen Fertilization with a Urease Inhibitor
Improving the Efficiency of Soil and Foliar Nitrogen Fertilization with a Urease Inhibitor Derrick Oosterhuis and Eduardo Kawakami University of Arkansas The Problem The cotton crop needs large amounts
More information